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The pipeline uses pipes with different diameters: mainland section 1,400 millimetres (55 in), mountainous section 1,200 millimetres (47 in) and submarine section 610 millimetres (24 in). The gas pressure in submarine section is 25 MPa (250 atm). Being laid in depths as low as
273:. Gas flows from Russia to Turkey started in February 2003. However, because of the price dispute between Russia and Turkey, the official inauguration ceremony at the Durusu gas metering station took place only on 17 November 2005. Attending the inauguration were Russian President
252:
Preparations of the pipeline project started in 1997. In 1997, Gazprom and BOTAĆ signed a 25-year gas sale contract. One of the political goals of the Blue Stream project was to block the path of rival countries aiming to use the territory of Turkey to bring gas from the
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Blue Stream full capacity is 16 billion cubic meters (bcm) of natural gas per year. Total length of the pipeline is 1,213 kilometres (754 mi). The Russia's land section is 373 kilometres (232 mi) long from the
329:. The land section consists of the Stavropolskaya and Krasnodarskaya compressor stations. The offshore section is 396 kilometres (246 mi) long laying from the Beregovaya compressor station in Arkhipo-Osipovka to the
264:
The construction of the
Russian land section took place in 2001â2002 and the offshore section in 2001â2002. The offshore section of the pipeline was built by Italian constructor Saipem and the Russian onshore section by
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in 2003. Gas flows have progressively increased towards the pipeline's capacity of 16 bcm per year. From 2010 to 2014, supplies averaged 14.1 bcm per year, with a high point of 14.7 bcm in 2012.
409:. In 2009, Russian prime minister Putin proposed a line parallel to Blue Stream 1 under the Black Sea, and further from Samsun to Ceyhan. From Ceyhan natural gas would have been transported to
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Blue Stream 2 was first proposed in 2002. In 2005, Vladimir Putin and Recep Tayyip ErdoÄan discussed building a second line, and an expansion of the Blue Stream by the Samsun-
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236:, while Gazprom owns and operates the Russian land section of the pipeline and the Turkish land section is owned and operated by the Turkish energy company
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The contract signed in 1997 was for 365 bcm total. A BOTAĆ contract for 5.75 bcm a year expires at the end of 2025, thus all 16 bcm expires end 2025.
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the pipeline was built with the intent of diversifying
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project, which proposed laying subsea pipeline directly from Russia to
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2.2 kilometres (1.4 mi), it is considered among the deepest subsea pipelines of this diameter.
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Gas from Blue Stream started to flow in
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232:. The Blue Stream Pipeline B.V. is an owner of the subsea section of pipeline, including
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from Turkey to
Central and Western Europe. However, this expansion was replaced by the
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This article is about the major trans-Black Sea gas pipeline. For other uses, see
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579:"Russia's Gazprom Export Signs New 4-Year Gas Supply Deal with Turkey's BOTAĆ"
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337:(Turkey). Turkey's land section is 444 kilometres (276 mi) long up to
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214:. The pipeline has been constructed by the Blue Stream Pipeline B.V., the
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551:. The Power and Interest News Report (PINR). 2005-11-22. Archived from
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803:"The Blue Stream Pipeline Project, Europe - Hydrocarbons Technology"
425:. The export to Israel would have been through the proposed Ceyhan-
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at the opening of the Blue Stream gas pipeline in
November 2005
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was suggested after five countries planned to construct the
893:
947:"Turkey's supply-demand balance and renewal of its LTCs"
610:"Gazprom, Turkey Revive and Reconfigure Blue Stream Two"
381:. This second pipeline, and extension of it up through
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549:"Economic Brief: The Blue Stream Gas Pipeline"
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829:[Blue Stream Project] (in Russian).
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1865:Buildings and structures completed in 2005
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1253:Eastern SiberiaâPacific Ocean oil pipeline
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333:locating 60 kilometres (37 mi) from
1158:SakhalinâKhabarovskâVladivostok pipeline
1004:Oksana Gavshina, "The Turkish Gambit",
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189:16 billion cubic metres per year
7:
927:from the original on 12 January 2021
573:
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569:
974:"Israel sets sights on Russian gas"
952:Oxford Institute for Energy Studies
918:Oxford Institute for Energy Studies
861:, p. 41. Retrieved August 10, 2015.
639:"Gazprom boosts Blue Stream flows"
14:
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1110:UrengoyâPomaryâUzhhorod pipeline
738:"Blue Stream gas starts flowing"
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1885:Natural gas pipelines in Turkey
1880:Natural gas pipelines in Russia
807:www.hydrocarbons-technology.com
983:. NHST Media Group. 2007-02-08
1:
1910:2005 establishments in Turkey
1905:2005 establishments in Russia
1875:Pipelines under the Black Sea
1128:DzuarikauâTskhinvali pipeline
892:International Energy Agency,
234:Beregovaya compressor station
157:, Blue Stream Pipeline B.V.,
910:Gas Supply Changes in Turkey
883:, Retrieved August 10, 2015.
833:. 2005-11-18. Archived from
21:Blue Stream (disambiguation)
16:Trans-Black Sea gas pipeline
1738:Caspian Pipeline Consortium
1247:Caspian Pipeline Consortium
1229:UzenâAtyrauâSamara pipeline
281:and Italian Prime Minister
181:1,213 km (754 mi)
1926:
1235:BakuâNovorossiysk pipeline
1217:TikhoretskâTuapse pipeline
1211:GroznyâTuapse oil pipeline
521:Trans-Caspian Gas Pipeline
18:
1464:
1286:TogliattiâOdessa pipeline
1259:Baltic Pipeline System-II
1189:
672:"Spring in Saipem's step"
277:, Turkish Prime Minister
33:
1348:Anastasievsko-Troitskoye
1134:BakuâNovo Filya pipeline
898:, Retrieved August 2015.
895:European Gas Trade Flows
827:"ĐŃĐŸĐ”ĐșŃ "ĐĐŸĐ»ŃĐ±ĐŸĐč ĐżĐŸŃĐŸĐș""
618:The Jamestown Foundation
1895:RussiaâTurkey relations
1092:SaratovâMoscow pipeline
771:"Blue Stream stalemate"
705:"Blue Stream on course"
526:South Caucasus Pipeline
218:based joint venture of
35:Location of Blue Stream
1806:Lukoil Neftohim Burgas
1241:Baltic Pipeline System
377:link and by branch to
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1732:BurgasâAlexandroupoli
1116:YamalâEurope pipeline
1032:Global Energy Monitor
614:Eurasia Daily Monitor
291:
208:natural gas to Turkey
173:Technical information
1646:Pivdenno-Holitsynske
873:Blue Stream Pipeline
293:Recep Tayyip ErdoÄan
279:Recep Tayyip ErdoÄan
92:compressor station,
1098:Central AsiaâCenter
1007:Nezavisimaya Gazeta
920:. 2018. p. 8.
118:General information
1182:Altai gas pipeline
1010:, 21 November 2005
879:2014-10-30 at the
858:ENI Fact Book 2003
475:Engineering portal
308:Technical features
305:
1890:Gazprom pipelines
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1711:BakuâNovorossiysk
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1265:Murmansk Pipeline
1140:BovanenkovoâUkhta
1076:by year of launch
1022:, Gazprom website
429:subsea pipeline.
301:Silvio Berlusconi
283:Silvio Berlusconi
198:is a major trans-
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186:Maximum discharge
60:General direction
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1900:Black Sea energy
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1839:Novorossiysk
1787:White Stream
1785:
1775:South Stream
1773:
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1759:
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1730:
1720:
1703:
1696:
1689:
1504:Arkhangelske
1164:South Stream
1121:
1036:
1005:
985:. Retrieved
978:
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956:. Retrieved
950:
941:
929:. Retrieved
909:
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839:. Retrieved
835:the original
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784:. 2003-07-11
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764:
753:. Retrieved
751:. 2003-02-20
742:
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718:. 2001-10-18
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685:. 2002-11-12
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654:. Retrieved
652:. 2006-09-14
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621:. Retrieved
613:
586:. Retrieved
582:
557:. Retrieved
553:the original
511:South Stream
403:South Stream
372:
364:
352:
343:
311:
263:
255:Caspian area
251:
195:
194:
165:Commissioned
1748:OdesaâBrody
1721:Blue Stream
1705:BakuâBatumi
1660:Shmidtivske
1567:Holitsynske
1477:Natural gas
1458:Val Shatsky
1408:LebÄda Vest
1261:(2012â2013)
1166:(cancelled)
1160:(2011â2012)
1154:(suspended)
1148:(2011â2012)
1122:Blue Stream
1106:(1975â1994)
1100:(1960â1988)
1083:Natural gas
1028:Blue Stream
393:to western
317:gas plant,
271:Saipem 7000
216:Netherlands
196:Blue Stream
127:natural gas
74:gas plant,
63:northâsouth
29:Blue Stream
1859:Categories
1811:Petromidia
1798:Refineries
1781:TurkStream
1716:BakuâSupsa
1600:LuceafÄrul
1533:CobÄlcescu
1423:Olimpiysky
1403:LebÄda Est
1335:Oil fields
1267:(proposed)
1184:(proposed)
1176:TurkStream
987:2008-05-31
958:2022-10-22
841:2009-11-11
812:2022-10-22
788:2008-05-31
755:2008-05-31
722:2008-05-31
689:2008-05-31
656:2008-05-31
623:2009-08-30
588:2022-10-22
559:2008-05-31
532:References
407:TurkStream
349:Operations
315:Izobilnoye
90:Beregovaya
1682:Pipelines
1664:Shtormove
1513:Bezimenne
1453:Tyulenovo
1202:Petroleum
1085:pipelines
931:3 January
870:Gazprom,
361:Contracts
200:Black Sea
94:Black Sea
1651:Ropotamo
1615:Muridava
1580:Kaliakra
1490:Akçakoca
1443:Subbotin
1428:PescÄruÈ
1413:Midia SE
1378:Delta VI
1373:Delta IV
922:Archived
877:Archived
433:See also
427:Ashkelon
383:Bulgaria
321:, up to
204:pipeline
151:Operator
133:Partners
72:Izobilny
41:Location
1669:Skifska
1656:Sakarya
1610:MioriÈa
1590:Kamchia
1554:Foroska
1550:Florina
1418:Mihaela
1383:Eugenia
1282:Ammonia
415:Lebanon
395:Hungary
391:Croatia
248:History
242:Gazprom
227:Italian
223:Gazprom
220:Russian
155:Gazprom
137:Gazprom
46:Country
1844:Tuapse
1829:Kulevi
1633:Pallas
1628:Odeske
1576:Izgrev
1559:Galata
1542:Domino
1523:Chaika
1518:Bianca
1508:Balaur
1479:fields
1448:Tuapse
1288:(1981)
1255:(2010)
1249:(2004)
1243:(2001)
1237:(1997)
1231:(1971)
1225:(1964)
1219:(1962)
1213:(1928)
1178:(2020)
1172:(2019)
1142:(2011)
1136:(2010)
1130:(2009)
1124:(2003)
1118:(1997)
1112:(1983)
1094:(1946)
1074:Russia
423:Cyprus
421:, and
419:Israel
387:Serbia
375:Ceyhan
339:Ankara
335:Samsun
259:Europe
212:Russia
178:Length
112:Turkey
108:Ankara
80:Russia
54:Turkey
50:Russia
1834:Midia
1637:Paula
1623:Obzor
1619:Nadia
1605:Maria
1572:Ioana
1538:Doina
1528:Clara
1438:Sinoe
1398:Irina
1393:GĂźsca
1363:Cobza
925:(PDF)
914:(PDF)
854:ENI,
411:Syria
355:BOTAĆ
238:BOTAĆ
210:from
159:BOTAĆ
145:BOTAĆ
1754:PEOP
1726:BRUA
1698:AMBO
1691:AGRI
1595:Lira
1563:Gina
1500:Anca
933:2020
389:and
299:and
225:and
202:gas
168:2005
123:Type
68:From
1870:Eni
1495:Ana
1486:AâE
1368:D-T
1358:C-T
1353:B-T
1343:A-T
1072:of
1030:on
261:.
257:to
230:Eni
141:Eni
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