1104:
1118:
1111:
436:, but are also consumed by humans smoked, grilled, or broiled. While easy to fillet and skin, they are difficult to debone, and care must be taken to avoid damaging their soft flesh. Blue mackerel are also commonly used as meat binders. After being freeze-dried, the protein is extracted and put into other meat products to keep the meat and seasonings bound tightly together, allowing costs to be lowered and enhancing the flavor and texture of the product.
75:
296:
418:
50:
31:
375:
The blue mackerel is known as a voracious and indiscriminate carnivore, devouring microscopic plankton, krill, anchovies, and dead cut bait, and striking readily on lures and other flies. When in a school and in a feeding frenzy, blue mackerel will strike at nonfood items such as cigarette butts and
404:
can carry eggs and larvae away from the original spawning grounds, broadening the area in which blue mackerel are located. However, egg and larvae probability of surviving decreases the further they are carried by the current. A mature blue mackerel is considered to be over 31 cm (12 in)
464:
Collette, B.; Acero, A.; Canales
Ramirez, C.; Cardenas, G.; Carpenter, K.E.; Chang, S.-K.; Chiang, W.; Di Natale, A.; Fox, W.; Guzman-Mora, A.; Juan Jorda, M.; Miyabe, N.; Montano Cruz, R.; Nelson, R.; Salas, E.; Schaefer, K.; Serra, R.; Sun, C.; Uozumi, Y.; Wang, S.; Wu, J.; Yanez, E.; Yeh, S.
279:), blue mackerel set themselves apart by differing structural genes than those of the chub mackerel. Other, more obvious, characteristics set these two apart, like the longer anal spine of the blue mackerel, and the amount of spines on the first
366:
waters. Off the east coast of North
America, populations of mackerel have grown to over 2 million after being depleted in 1982. Blue mackerels can be found from the coast of North America, and as far as Australia and Japan.
428:
The blue mackerel can be flighty and difficult to catch, especially in estuaries and harbors. Blue mackerel are caught for both commercial and private use, for food as well as bait for tuna and other fish.
405:
long. Mackerel can live up to 7 years and grow up to 50 cm (20 in) in length, but are most commonly found to be between 1 and 3 years of age. Counting the marks on
933:
1684:
1723:
1826:
805:
717:
598:
Pankhurst, Neville W. (1989). "The relationship of ocular morphology to feeding modes and activity periods in shallow marine teleosts from New
Zealand".
1658:
1697:
893:
1866:
1759:
275:. In fact, blue mackerel were believed to be a subspecies of chub mackerel until the late 1980s. Though they are both in the same genus (
1836:
996:
964:
California
Department of Fish & Game, "California Finfish and Shellfish Identification Book" (University of California Press 2007)
380:
fish. Due to their eating habits and their diurnal lifestyles, blue mackerel have evolved large eyes with higher sensitivity in their
912:
969:
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1798:
1861:
1110:
218:
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Yukami, Ryuji; Ohshimo, Seiji; Yoda, Mari; Hiyama, Yoshiaki (2008). "Estimation of the spawning grounds of chub mackerel
1846:
1365:
1606:
1212:
358:
Throughout the lives of these mackerel, they tend to stay in areas within a few degrees of 10 ยฐC (50 ยฐF) in
1277:
1257:
1232:
392:
Incubation periods range from 3 to 8 days, growing shorter with warmer temperatures and longer with colder. In the
1728:
400:, most spawning occurs 10 km (6.2 mi) offshore in waters 100โ125 m (328โ410 ft) in depth. The
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1375:
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1340:
489:
283:. Mackerels have a round body that narrows into the tail after the second dorsal fin, similar to a
39:
672:
263:. It typically reaches 30 cm (12 in) in length and 1.4 kg (3.1 lb) in weight.
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937:
397:
396:, blue mackerel spawn between February and May, when the water temperatures are ideal. In
862:
781:
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328:
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657:
518:"Microsatellite and mitochondrial haplotype differentiation in blue mackerel (
280:
260:
136:
538:
517:
1317:
1013:
312:
86:
1751:
841:
Chung, Yun-Chin; Ho, Ming-Long; Chyan, Fu-Lin; Jiang, Shann-Tzong (2000).
583:
Studholme; Packer; Berrien; Johnson; Zetlin & Morse (September 1999).
1645:
1563:
1524:
1306:
1005:
921:
433:
359:
106:
1663:
1529:
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340:
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146:
1676:
1650:
644:
in the East China Sea based on catch statistics and biometric data".
381:
332:
324:
303:
The blue mackerel is found in tropical and subtropical waters of the
96:
1540:
677:) in south-eastern Australia: links to the East Australian Current"
1152:
416:
308:
294:
30:
1637:
954:, (William Collins Publishers Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand 1982)
1764:
422:
284:
1544:
978:
516:
Tzeng, C.-H.; Chen, C.-S.; Tang, P.-C.; Chiu, T.-S. (2009).
974:
673:"Ichthyoplankton-based spawning dynamics of blue mackerel (
585:
Atlantic
Mackerel, Life History and Habitat Characteristics
758:"Age, growth, and commercial landings of yellowtail scad (
355:, in surface waters down to 200 m (660 ft).
770:
New
Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research
1553:
1479:
1447:
1404:
1316:
1305:
1191:
1161:
1136:
1125:
1063:
1023:
1012:
847:) muscle proteins as a binder in restructured meat"
952:Collins Guide to the Sea Fishes of New Zealand
766:) off the coast of New South Wales, Australia"
490:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS.T170329A6750490.en
990:
8:
671:Neira, Francisco J.; Keane, John P. (2008).
376:even bare hooks. They typically eat smaller
756:Stewart, John; Ferrell, Douglas J. (2001).
578:
576:
574:
1541:
1313:
1133:
1020:
997:
983:
975:
48:
29:
20:
870:
789:
751:
749:
537:
488:
631:
629:
1520:Butterfly kingfish (butterfly mackerel)
894:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
843:"Utilization of freeze-dried mackerel (
556:. Amalgameted marketing. Archived from
511:
509:
507:
456:
409:determines the age of blue mackerel.
271:Blue mackerel are often mistaken for
7:
1739:cef05660-bc89-4249-8d0b-eed1c282ddd5
1827:IUCN Red List least concern species
476:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
14:
522:) from the western North Pacific"
1116:
1109:
1102:
950:Tony Ayling & Geoffrey Cox,
872:10.1046/j.1444-2906.2000.00019.x
704:10.1111/j.1365-2419.2008.00479.x
432:Blue mackerel are often used as
73:
813:Wild Fisheries Research Program
725:Wild Fisheries Research Program
600:Environmental Biology of Fishes
1263:Narrow-barred Spanish mackerel
587:. U.S. Department of Commerce.
526:ICES Journal of Marine Science
1:
1293:West African Spanish mackerel
791:10.1080/00288330.2001.9517021
1867:Taxa named by Georges Cuvier
1366:Mediterranean horse mackerel
815:. I&INSW. Archived from
727:. I&INSW. Archived from
1213:Australian spotted mackerel
444:In Japanese, it is known as
299:Range Scomber australasicus
1883:
1278:Queensland school mackerel
1258:Monterrey Spanish mackerel
1233:Indo-Pacific king mackerel
1837:Fish of the Pacific Ocean
1500:
1376:Yellowtail horse mackerel
1288:Streaked Spanish mackerel
1238:Japanese Spanish mackerel
1218:Broadbarred king mackerel
1208:Atlantic Spanish mackerel
1100:
658:10.1007/s12562-008-0015-7
421:Blue mackerel caught off
200:
193:
175:
168:
70:Scientific classification
68:
46:
37:
28:
23:
1492:Scombroid food poisoning
1424:Blacksail snake mackerel
1356:Greenback horse mackerel
911:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
760:Trachurus novaezelandiae
291:Distribution and habitat
1530:Bonitos (tribe Sardini)
1331:Atlantic horse mackerel
890:"Scomber australasicus"
448:(่ก้บป้ฏ sesame mackerel).
402:East Australian Current
204:Scomber tapeinocephalus
1862:Fish described in 1832
1525:Tunas (tribe Thunnini)
1361:Japanese jack mackerel
1283:Serra Spanish mackerel
1129:(tribe Scomberomorini)
1045:Atlantic chub mackerel
684:Fisheries Oceanography
539:10.1093/icesjms/fsp120
425:
300:
1786:Paleobiology Database
1612:Scomber_australasicus
1599:Scomber_australasicus
1585:Scomber australasicus
1555:Scomber australasicus
1462:Okhotsk atka mackerel
1434:Violet snake mackerel
1371:Pacific jack mackerel
1351:Cunene horse mackerel
1346:Chilean jack mackerel
1178:Double-lined mackerel
925:. March 2006 version.
915:Scomber australasicus
845:Scomber australasicus
764:Scomber australasicus
762:) and blue mackerel (
675:Scomber australasicus
642:Scomber australasicus
640:and spotted mackerel
520:Scomber australasicus
483:: e.T170329A6750490.
469:Scomber australasicus
420:
298:
254:spotted chub mackerel
237:Scomber australasicus
179:Scomber australasicus
161:S. australasicus
1510:Subfamily Scombrinae
1439:White snake mackerel
1419:Black snake mackerel
1847:Fish of the Red Sea
1341:Cape horse mackerel
863:2000FisSc..66..130C
782:2001NZJMF..35..541S
696:2008FisOc..17..281N
612:1989EnvBF..26..201P
371:Biology and ecology
256:, is a fish of the
215:Scomber antarcticus
40:Conservation status
1336:Blue jack mackerel
936:2015-06-21 at the
931:"Pacific mackerel"
620:10.1007/BF00004816
426:
413:Human interactions
301:
1814:
1813:
1773:Open Tree of Life
1547:Taxon identifiers
1538:
1537:
1505:Family Scombridae
1475:
1474:
1301:
1300:
1127:Spanish mackerels
1098:
1097:
1040:Atlantic mackerel
1016:(tribe Scombrini)
851:Fisheries Science
646:Fisheries Science
638:Scomber japonicus
337:Indo-West Pacific
319:, in the eastern
242:Japanese mackerel
228:
227:
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63:
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1601:
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1588:
1587:
1574:
1573:
1572:
1542:
1487:Mackerel as food
1455:
1454:
1412:
1411:
1324:
1323:
1314:
1228:Chinese mackerel
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1200:
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1146:
1145:
1134:
1120:
1113:
1106:
1073:
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1033:
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1021:
999:
992:
985:
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929:Fitch JE (1956)
926:
904:
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831:
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543:
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461:
246:Pacific mackerel
240:), also called
217:
206:
181:
78:
77:
57:
52:
51:
33:
21:
1882:
1881:
1877:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1872:
1871:
1857:Fish of Oceania
1817:
1816:
1815:
1810:
1802:
1797:
1789:
1784:
1776:
1771:
1763:
1758:
1750:
1747:Observation.org
1745:
1737:
1735:
1727:
1722:
1714:
1709:
1701:
1696:
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1683:
1675:
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1644:
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1623:
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1610:
1605:
1597:
1592:
1583:
1582:
1577:
1568:
1567:
1562:
1549:
1539:
1534:
1516:Other Scombrids
1496:
1471:
1452:
1451:
1443:
1409:
1408:
1406:Snake mackerels
1400:
1321:
1320:
1308:
1297:
1273:Papuan seerfish
1253:Korean mackerel
1243:Kanadi kingfish
1198:
1197:
1187:
1168:
1167:
1157:
1143:
1142:
1128:
1121:
1115:
1114:
1108:
1107:
1094:
1090:Island mackerel
1085:Indian mackerel
1070:
1069:
1059:
1030:
1029:
1015:
1008:
1003:
941:CalCOFI Reports
938:Wayback Machine
907:
898:
896:
888:
885:
880:
840:
839:
835:
825:
823:
822:on 4 March 2016
819:
808:
806:"Blue Mackerel"
804:
803:
799:
755:
754:
747:
737:
735:
734:on 4 March 2016
731:
720:
718:"Blue Mackerel"
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582:
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554:"Blue Mackerel"
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398:New South Wales
390:
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49:
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17:
16:Species of fish
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1429:Snake mackerel
1426:
1421:
1415:
1413:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1398:
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1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1327:
1325:
1318:Jack mackerels
1311:
1303:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1268:Pacific sierra
1265:
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1255:
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1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1204:
1202:
1189:
1188:
1186:
1185:
1183:Shark mackerel
1180:
1174:
1172:
1164:Grammatorcynus
1159:
1158:
1156:
1155:
1149:
1147:
1131:
1123:
1122:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1095:
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1092:
1087:
1082:
1080:Short mackerel
1076:
1074:
1061:
1060:
1058:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1036:
1034:
1018:
1014:True mackerels
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1002:
1001:
994:
987:
979:
973:
972:
962:
948:
927:
909:Froese, Rainer
905:
884:
883:External links
881:
879:
878:
857:(1): 130โ135.
833:
797:
776:(3): 541โ551.
745:
709:
690:(4): 281โ298.
663:
652:(1): 167โ174.
625:
606:(3): 201โ211.
590:
570:
545:
532:(5): 816โ825.
503:
455:
453:
450:
441:
438:
414:
411:
394:East China Sea
389:
386:
372:
369:
329:Socorro Island
292:
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250:slimy mackerel
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117:Actinopterygii
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24:Blue mackerel
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1842:Fish of Japan
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1503:
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1468:
1467:Atka mackerel
1465:
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1460:
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1457:
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1449:Hexagrammidae
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1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1248:King mackerel
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1223:Cero mackerel
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1196:
1195:
1194:Scomberomorus
1190:
1184:
1181:
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1139:Acanthocybium
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1055:Chub mackerel
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1050:Blue mackerel
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560:on 2015-01-13
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170:Binomial name
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127:Scombriformes
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55:Least Concern
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1852:Fish of Asia
1554:
1386:Arabian scad
1381:African scad
1322:(15 species)
1307:Non-Scombrid
1199:(18 species)
1192:
1162:
1137:
1066:Rastrelliger
1064:
1049:
1024:
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914:
897:. Retrieved
854:
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836:
824:. Retrieved
817:the original
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729:the original
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558:the original
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353:Gulf of Aden
349:Gulf of Oman
345:Persian Gulf
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18:
1672:iNaturalist
1579:Wikispecies
1453:(2 species)
1410:(5 species)
1391:Crozet scad
1169:(2 species)
1144:(1 species)
1071:(3 species)
1031:(4 species)
826:12 February
738:10 February
496:19 November
440:Local names
364:subtropical
335:), and the
317:New Zealand
267:Description
1821:Categories
1396:Rough scad
564:2015-02-16
452:References
281:dorsal fin
261:Scombridae
137:Scombridae
1309:mackerels
446:goma saba
313:Australia
311:south to
219:Castelnau
155:Species:
93:Kingdom:
87:Eukaryota
1690:10837267
1646:FishBase
1638:46577310
1570:Q1194328
1564:Wikidata
1006:Mackerel
934:Archived
922:FishBase
899:18 April
465:(2011).
434:cat food
407:otoliths
388:Lifespan
360:tropical
351:and the
195:Synonyms
133:Family:
107:Chordata
103:Phylum:
97:Animalia
83:Domain:
60:IUCN 3.1
1832:Scomber
1664:2374156
1480:Related
1026:Scomber
859:Bibcode
778:Bibcode
692:Bibcode
608:Bibcode
382:retinas
378:pelagic
341:Red Sea
321:Pacific
277:Scomber
208:Bleeker
148:Scomber
143:Genus:
123:Order:
113:Class:
58: (
1804:219715
1791:352543
1778:987399
1765:219715
1752:793623
1736:NZOR:
1716:170329
1703:172415
1677:155183
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958:
947:29โ32.
347:, the
343:, the
339:: the
333:Mexico
325:Hawaii
287:fish.
258:family
221:, 1872
210:, 1854
188:, 1832
186:Cuvier
1799:WoRMS
1729:29150
1685:IRMNG
1625:6XXJT
1153:Wahoo
820:(PDF)
809:(PDF)
732:(PDF)
721:(PDF)
680:(PDF)
309:Japan
307:from
1760:OBIS
1724:NCBI
1711:IUCN
1698:ITIS
1659:GBIF
966:ISBN
956:ISBN
901:2006
828:2015
740:2015
498:2021
481:2011
423:Java
327:and
315:and
285:tuna
230:The
1651:116
1633:EoL
1620:CoL
1607:AFD
1594:ADW
867:doi
786:doi
700:doi
654:doi
616:doi
534:doi
485:doi
362:to
252:or
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
