363:
519:
706:
in a list of key inshore species to be trawl-surveyed every two years for the
Ministry of Primary Fisheries (MPI) to assess populations and aid in informing fishery management. NIWA also holds interviews at recreational fishing ramps along Shelly Beach and the 20 busiest boat ramps along the North Island's northeast coast to gather information for further insight into population sizes and health, asking questions such as where fish had been caught, how big they were, and what bait had been used. The legal fishing size is 25 cm.
687:
84:
40:
392:
59:
31:
504:, small fish, and polychaete worms. It uses modified fin rays under its pectorals to probe the sand for prey and may also use the large fan-like pectoral fins to offer prey mock shelter. They can be found in shallow water with soft ground after being stirred by winter storms and around the seasonal migrations of small shoreline fish like whitebait, anchovy, and pilchard.
476:
in late spring and early summer – November and
December. The end of the spawning season coincides with decreasing day length and increasing temperature, which are possibly used as regulatory indicators. The eggs and the larvae growth are in surface waters. They can accidentally be caught in shallow sea ports, in this way some juveniles can be seen in these areas.
545:
698:, however in some areas of New Zealand the fish had a poor reputation and was only rarely eaten. Early European settlers also shared this perception, often exporting the fish to Australia, where it had a better reputation. By the 20th Century, this reputation had reversed, and the bluefin gurnard became one of the most popular eating fish in New Zealand.
493:
383:"fingers", permitting it to probe the sea bottom to detect prey buried in the sand or the mud These spectacular fins make the red gurnard look like a butterfly of the sea, however their role is not entirely known. They could be used to attract a mate or frighten off predators. These fan-like fins can also be used to give stability during swimming.
485:
723:
be associated with feeding activity and in this setting were unlikely to be distress. The vocalizations may indicate associations with reproductive state as they are known to make the most noise during breeding season and generally are "likely to be significant contributors to ambient underwater soundscape."
705:
The bluefin gurnard is an important commercial fish in areas like Hawke Bay and Golden Bay via bottom-trawling or bottom long-lining, and also a regular catch of recreational fishers from boats and surf catching. The
National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) includes bluefin gurnard
370:
The bluefin gurnard is a bottom-dwelling fish known for its bright red body and large, colourful pectoral fins with a large black eye-spot in the center and surrounded by a bright blue edge. Its natural colour is a splotchy pale brown, generally only becoming red when stressed and the belly is paler
714:
Bluefin gurnards are known to be quite vocal when captured, emitting loud grunts. Although referred to as "vocalisation", sounds are not actually made through laryngeal mechanics but are thought to be produced by contracting pairs of intrinsic sonic muscles in the swim bladder. The growling sound is
701:
By the 1970s, the fish was the fourth-most caught species in New
Zealand, and by the year 2000 approximately 4,000 tons were caught annually. Even if their number was low in the mid-1990s in New-Zealand, the population has increased and seems to stay constant. It has a very good, pink and firm flesh
475:
In New
Zealand spawning occurs around multiple places throughout both the North and South Islands along shallow and mid-shelf coastal waters. Spawning time ranges all the way from spring to autumn – September to May – and ovulating females have been reported all year round, but peak spawning time is
722:
A study of a captive female red gurnard and discovered four separate types of sound it can produce in two separate aural categories: grunt and growl. Its vocalizations were heard every hour around the clock with increases at dawn and dusk, and growls were made at night. The sounds were not found to
449:
As a benthic marine fish, the bluefin gurnard prefers shallow coastal waters and may be found from the edge of continental shelves to estuaries and brackish rivers) with soft bottoms of sand, sandy-shell, or mud. This is because they 'walk' slowly over the seabed using their first three free-rays.
404:
The bluefin gurnard can be found throughout many central tropical and temperate Indo-West
Pacific waters. It is commonly found along the coasts of New Zealand, Australia, South Africa, and many islands in the South Pacific. It is unsure whether or not previous records from Japan, Korea, China, and
463:
Bluefin gurnard eggs develop for 7 days before hatching, and grow rapidly until they reach maturity at 2–3 years old. After reaching maturity growth slows considerably and they move into deeper water where bluefin gurnards found in deeper strata were older and longer on average than those found
382:
The bluefin gurnard's large, fan-like pectoral fins are one of two pairs with 13-14 soft rays and its pelvic fin has 5 soft rays and a single spine. The pectoral fins' first three rays are modified and separated from the rest of the fin. They are used as sensory organs, sometimes referred to as
715:
a nocturnal vocalisation emitted at night and singly, whereas the grunts is produced when the animals are grouped. Grunts sounds last 0.2 seconds and can be heard without any advice, their frequency range are from 250 to 300 Hz. The fish is believed to be the loudest species in the family
450:
They can bury themselves in the substrate, with only the top of their head, their nostrils and eyes exposed in order to surprise prey (Lang, 2000). It is found from shallow waters one meter deep but generally inhabits 100-200m but may have maximum depths of up to 300m.
378:
There are 8-10 gill rakers and 70-80 scales on its lateral line, which is uninterrupted. Its two tall, triangular dorsal fins have a total of 15-16 soft rays and 9-10 spines. There is no adipose fin. The anal fin has 14-16 soft rays and no spines.
374:
It has a boxy, bony head which is protected by backwards-facing spines along the front of the snout and around the eye as well as on the hind margin of the operculum and tapers into a laterally elongated body with 33-35 vertebrae.
1147:) from trawl surveys off west coast South Island in 2003, 2005, and 2007, with comparisons to earlier surveys in the time series (Report). New Zealand Fisheries Assessment Report 2011/46.
541:
larvae which can be found in viscera, intestines, or other body cavities. The parasites found in the bluefin gurnard can be summarised into two different groups: Digenea and
Nematoda.
413:
The bluefin gurnard is the most common gurnard in New-Zealand. It is found in all the coastal waters around both the north and south islands except the southern fiords, and also
500:
The bluefin gurnard is an opportunistic feeder, preying principally on crustaceans, but pretty much any small macrofauna such as shrimp/prawns, crabs, crayfish, lobster,
2779:
2818:
2895:
827:
1465:
2753:
83:
2792:
1244:
Bulman C.; Althaus F.; He X.; Bax N.J.; Williams A. (2001). "Diets and trophic guilds of demersal fishes of the south-eastern
Australian shelf".
2915:
2841:
1441:
526:
The bluefin gurnard's predators are not well-known. This fish has been found to have been included in the stomach contents of fur seals in
1316:
507:
Along the
Australian shores, the bluefin gurnard seems to be one of the apex predators with dogfishes, dories, lings and other flatheads.
1607:
1025:
1113:
799:
2867:
2910:
975:
841:
2797:
362:
303:
at depths down to 200 metres (660 ft). The fish is one of the most important commercial fish species in New
Zealand.
1083:
2714:
2701:
2552:
2125:
467:
Males are smaller than females at around 26 cm and 33 cm respectively and they may live for over 12 years.
2823:
2132:
2559:
2538:
2531:
2076:
2013:
1894:
1717:
2524:
2905:
2900:
2594:
2580:
2503:
2048:
2041:
2020:
1756:
518:
414:
2461:
2153:
2034:
1992:
1908:
1158:
Clearwater, S.J. & Pankhurst, N.W. (1994). "Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology of Female Red Gurnard,
2629:
2475:
2468:
2447:
2399:
2284:
2118:
2055:
1936:
1873:
510:
A possible use for its large pectoral fins may be to make it appear larger to scare off potential predators.
2601:
2587:
2545:
2510:
2167:
2104:
2083:
2027:
1999:
1985:
1887:
1880:
1859:
1838:
1600:
340:
323:
2440:
2248:
2230:
2146:
2069:
1978:
1943:
1662:
2669:
2622:
2615:
2496:
2489:
2482:
2202:
2195:
2188:
2181:
2174:
2139:
2062:
2006:
1964:
1957:
1929:
1922:
1915:
1901:
1852:
2608:
2566:
2517:
2372:
2345:
2336:
2160:
2097:
1637:
1575:
Retrieved from https://itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=167052#null
2719:
2454:
2417:
2390:
2381:
2318:
2312:
1845:
347:
190:
2408:
2327:
2275:
2090:
1971:
1690:
2354:
2293:
2239:
2221:
1696:
1656:
2872:
2833:
2363:
2302:
2111:
1726:
1671:
1527:
1354:
1288:
823:
441:, the west coast of the North Island, and the north and northwest coasts of the South Island.
2573:
2257:
1950:
1048:
Elder, R. D. (1976). "Studies on age, growth, reproduction and population dynamics of red gurnard,
760:
686:
312:
48:
1866:
1680:
1593:
1585:
216:
78:
2784:
2854:
2727:
2266:
1791:
1555:
1437:
1409:
1109:
1021:
971:
911:
836:
276:
39:
533:
Some parasites can be found in the red gurnard. Nematoda larvae can infect this fish such as
2859:
2810:
2706:
1798:
1646:
1545:
1535:
1447:
1399:
1362:
1296:
1253:
1224:
1171:
755:
422:
269:
1189:
1777:
1629:
1582:), retrieved 13/03/2019 from http://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=218122
527:
434:
418:
331:
265:
167:
155:
135:
864:"Order Perciformes (Part 12): Suborder Triglioidei: Families Triglidae and Peristediidae"
695:
1531:
1358:
1292:
391:
1784:
1550:
1511:
438:
319:
207:
125:
2889:
2805:
2648:
2431:
1749:
1488:
795:
746:
741:
426:
292:
68:
63:
30:
2732:
1829:
1816:
1735:
288:
1367:
1342:
1540:
1301:
1272:
2766:
1770:
1742:
300:
2692:
1710:
1162:(Lesson and Garnot) (Family Triglidae), from the Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand".
2213:
1617:
1451:
716:
501:
430:
316:
296:
272:
145:
95:
1559:
1413:
1229:
1213:"Ecological studies on the bottom fish in the Hyuga Nada – I. Red Gurnard"
1212:
2740:
2686:
1809:
808:
336:
115:
690:
A commercial price tag for gurnard from a 1950s fish shop in New Zealand
544:
2758:
1434:
Secrets of the Sea: The Story of New Zealand's Native Sea Creatures
915:
492:
261:
2745:
1404:
1383:
1175:
2771:
2640:
863:
105:
2663:
1257:
1018:
Coastal fishes of New Zealand – Identification – Biology – Behaviour
484:
1143:
Lyon, W.S. & Horn, P.L. (2011). Length and age of red gurnard (
946:
New Zealand fishes – Identification, natural history and fisheries
862:
Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (10 June 2021).
685:
543:
517:
491:
483:
390:
361:
327:
1343:"Checklist of parasites of New Zealand fishes and of their hosts"
354:, a name Cuvier said was used locally for this fish New Zealand.
2846:
1510:
Radford C.A.; Ghazali S.M.; Montgomery J.C.; Jeffs A.G. (2016).
2667:
1589:
1084:"NIWA research vessel surveying fish in Tasman and Golden Bays"
1516:) in Captivity: Sound Structure, Context and Vocal Activity"
1388:
sp. among inshore fish species of southwestern Australia"
1382:
Lymbery A. J.; Doupé R.G.; Munshi M. A.; Wong T. (2002).
1317:"It's good news for seals and it's good news for fishers"
1571:
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). (2019).
1273:"Unusual stability of diet of the New Zealand fur seal (
1217:
Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries
1106:
The fishes of New-Zealand (Volume 3)-Systematic Accounts
425:. There are large population hotspots around the
998:(4 ed.). David Bateman Ltd, Auckland. p. 71.
1347:
New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research
1281:
New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research
1512:"Vocalization Repertoire of Female Bluefin Gurnard (
1164:
Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research
2676:
2639:
2430:
2212:
1828:
1808:
1725:
1709:
1628:
1104:Roberts D.C.; Stewart A.L.; Struthers C.D. (2015).
826:; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.).
1436:. HarperCollins Publishers Ltd. pp. 96–101.
649:two types, in stomach, intestine and body cavity
868:The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database
530:, but does not represent an entire diet.
1020:. Craig Potton Publishing, Nelson. p. 82.
908:Top Catch: Hook up New Zealand's top 12 species
968:Collins guide to the sea fishes of New Zealand
761:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T154895A4661163.en
694:The bluefin gurnard is a traditional food for
548:Helicometra, a parasite found in the intestine
405:the Hawaiian Islands are mis-identifications.
1601:
901:
899:
897:
895:
893:
891:
889:
887:
885:
740:Acero, A.; Fricke, R.; and Murdy, E. (2010).
8:
989:
987:
870:. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara
335:this species is classified in the nominate
2664:
1608:
1594:
1586:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1336:
1334:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1093:
790:
788:
786:
784:
782:
780:
778:
57:
38:
29:
20:
1578:World Register of Marine Species (2008),
1549:
1539:
1403:
1366:
1300:
1228:
1130:Atlas of the Living Resources of the Seas
1011:
1009:
1007:
1005:
759:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1037:
961:
959:
957:
955:
551:
1489:"Diversity of sound production in fish"
1468:. Ministry for Primary Industries. 2018
1271:Allum L.L. & Maddigan F.W. (2012).
1192:. Ministry for Primary Industries. 2008
1132:. FAO Fisheries Department, Rome. 1981.
1077:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1054:New Zealand Fisheries Research Bulletin
732:
636:viscera, mesenteries, under peritoneum
311:The bluefin gurnard was first formally
1341:Hewitt G. C. & Hine P. M. (1972).
1082:MacGibbon, D. & Hurst, R. (2017).
996:Powell's Native Animals of New Zealand
939:
937:
935:
933:
931:
929:
927:
925:
910:. Random House New Zealand, Auckland.
1211:Furukawa, I. & Ikeda, M. (1953).
223:
7:
2834:325ea614-4e77-4ce3-bb8f-a9c638af4134
2896:IUCN Red List least concern species
1573:Chelidonichthys kumu (Cuvier 1829).
747:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
366:Chelidonichthys kumu (Cuvier, 1829)
275:, the gurnards and sea robins. Its
1580:Chelidonichthys kumu (Cuvier, 1829
1432:Vennell, Robert (5 October 2022).
1277:) at Banks Peninsula, New Zealand"
514:Predators, Parasites, and Diseases
14:
326:given as New Zealand. Within the
2294:Gulf of Mexico barred searobin (
1246:CSIRO Marine Freshwater Research
82:
1108:. Te Papa Press. p. 1108.
842:California Academy of Sciences
1:
2133:Lepidotrigla punctipectoralis
1368:10.1080/00288330.1977.9515410
287:. It is found in the western
2916:Taxa named by Georges Cuvier
1541:10.1371/journal.pone.0149338
1392:Diseases of Aquatic Organism
1319:. Department of Conservation
1302:10.1080/00288330.2011.604336
966:Ayling T.; Cox G.J. (1982).
561:Location in the red gurnard
395:Cape Peninsula, South Africa
2560:Pterygotrigla multipunctata
2553:Pterygotrigla multiocellata
2539:Pterygotrigla macrorhynchus
2532:Pterygotrigla macrolepidota
2126:Lepidotrigla pleuracanthica
2014:Lepidotrigla lepidojugulata
606:Tubulovesiculu angusticauda
2932:
2525:Pterygotrigla leptacanthus
1750:Chelidonichthys gabonensis
2595:Pterygotrigla ryukyuensis
2077:Lepidotrigla multispinosa
2049:Lepidotrigla marisinensis
2042:Lepidotrigla macrobrachia
2021:Lepidotrigla longifaciata
1895:Lepidotrigla brachyoptera
1799:Chelidonichthys lastoviza
1718:Bovitrigla acanthomoplate
1487:Amorim, M. Clara (2006).
222:
215:
196:
189:
79:Scientific classification
77:
55:
46:
37:
28:
23:
2581:Pterygotrigla polyommata
2504:Pterygotrigla hemisticta
2462:Pterygotrigla cajorarori
2154:Lepidotrigla sayademalha
2035:Lepidotrigla longipinnis
1993:Lepidotrigla kanagashira
1909:Lepidotrigla calodactyla
1792:Chelidonichthys spinosus
1785:Chelidonichthys queketti
1778:Chelidonichthys obscurus
1771:Chelidonichthys lucernus
1757:Chelidonichthys ischyrus
1736:Chelidonichthys capensis
1052:, in the Hauraki Gulf".
970:. Collins. p. 197.
906:Eichelsheim, J. (2010).
812:. February 2022 version.
798:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
702:with a low rate of fat.
570:Stephanostomum australis
2630:Pterygotrigla urashimai
2476:Pterygotrigla elicryste
2469:Pterygotrigla draiggoch
2448:Pterygotrigla andertoni
2168:Lepidotrigla spiloptera
2119:Lepidotrigla pectoralis
2056:Lepidotrigla microptera
2000:Lepidotrigla kishinouyi
1937:Lepidotrigla dieuzeidei
1874:Lepidotrigla argyrosoma
1743:Chelidonichthys cuculus
1493:Communication in Fishes
948:. Reed. pp. 80–81.
2911:Fish described in 1829
2602:Pterygotrigla saumarez
2588:Pterygotrigla robertsi
2546:Pterygotrigla megalops
2511:Pterygotrigla hoplites
2355:Bluespotted searobin (
2105:Lepidotrigla omanensis
2084:Lepidotrigla musorstom
2028:Lepidotrigla longimana
1986:Lepidotrigla jimjoebob
1965:Lepidotrigla guentheri
1923:Lepidotrigla cavillone
1888:Lepidotrigla bispinosa
1881:Lepidotrigla bentuviai
1860:Lepidotrigla annamarae
1839:Lepidotrigla abyssalis
1663:Naked-belly searobin (
1275:Arctocephalus forsteri
994:Powell A.W.B. (1947).
828:"Species in the genus
742:"Chelidonichthys kumu"
691:
582:Plagioporus preporatus
549:
523:
497:
489:
396:
367:
315:in 1829 by the French
295:, being common around
2455:Pterygotrigla arabica
2441:Pterygotrigla amaokai
2249:Two-beaked searobin (
2231:Whitesnout searobin (
2147:Lepidotrigla russelli
2070:Lepidotrigla mulhalli
1979:Lepidotrigla japonica
1944:Lepidotrigla eydouxii
1622:(Sea robins, gurnard)
1230:10.2331/suisan.19.390
824:Eschmeyer, William N.
754:: e.T154895A4661163.
689:
547:
521:
495:
487:
394:
365:
2707:Chelidonichthys_kumu
2678:Chelidonichthys kumu
2623:Pterygotrigla tagala
2616:Pterygotrigla spirai
2497:Pterygotrigla hafizi
2490:Pterygotrigla guezei
2483:Pterygotrigla gomoni
2391:Shortwing searobin (
2364:Blackwing searobin (
2203:Lepidotrigla venusta
2196:Lepidotrigla vaubani
2189:Lepidotrigla vanessa
2182:Lepidotrigla umbrosa
2175:Lepidotrigla spinosa
2140:Lepidotrigla robinsi
2112:Lepidotrigla papilio
2063:Lepidotrigla modesta
2007:Lepidotrigla larsoni
1958:Lepidotrigla grandis
1930:Lepidotrigla deasoni
1916:Lepidotrigla carolae
1902:Lepidotrigla cadmani
1853:Lepidotrigla alcocki
1764:Chelidonichthys kumu
1697:Splitnose searobin (
1514:Chelidonichthys kumu
1160:Chelidonichthys kumu
1145:Chelidonichthys kumu
1050:Chelidonichthys kumu
802:Chelidonichthys kumu
594:Helicometra grandora
522:New Zealand fur seal
454:Life cycle/Phenology
400:Natural global range
257:Chelidonichthys kumu
200:Chelidonichthys kumu
2609:Pterygotrigla soela
2574:Pterygotrigla picta
2567:Pterygotrigla pauli
2518:Pterygotrigla jacad
2409:Long-ray searobin (
2400:Lumptail searobin (
2346:Bluewing searobin (
2328:Bandtail searobin (
2303:Galapagos gurnard (
2258:Northern searobin (
2161:Lepidotrigla sereti
2098:Lepidotrigla oglina
1951:Lepidotrigla faurei
1647:Streamer searobin (
1638:Shortfin searobin (
1532:2016PLoSO..1149338R
1359:1972NZJMF...6...69H
1293:2012NZJMF..46...91A
1190:"Red Gurnard (GUR)"
1016:Francis M. (2012).
445:Habitat preferences
252:Pacific red gurnard
49:Conservation status
2418:Bighead searobin (
2382:Leopard searobin (
2337:Mexican searobin (
2313:Prionotus murielae
2276:Bristly searobin (
2267:Striped searobin (
1867:Lepidotrigla argus
1846:Lepidotrigla alata
1819:Eutrigla gurnardus
692:
682:In a human context
550:
524:
498:
490:
397:
368:
2883:
2882:
2855:Open Tree of Life
2670:Taxon identifiers
2661:
2660:
2373:Common searobin (
2285:Bigeye searobin (
2240:Bean's searobin (
2091:Lepidotrigla nana
1972:Lepidotrigla hime
1691:Bellator ribeiroi
1681:Horned searobin (
1672:Barred searobin (
1623:
1443:978-1-77554-179-0
1405:10.3354/dao051157
1176:10.1071/MF9940131
837:Catalog of Fishes
679:
678:
618:Derogenes various
480:Diet and foraging
409:New Zealand range
268:belonging to the
266:ray-finned fishes
244:
243:
238:
230:
72:
2923:
2876:
2875:
2863:
2862:
2850:
2849:
2837:
2836:
2827:
2826:
2814:
2813:
2801:
2800:
2788:
2787:
2775:
2774:
2762:
2761:
2749:
2748:
2736:
2735:
2723:
2722:
2710:
2709:
2697:
2696:
2695:
2665:
2402:P. stephanophrys
2287:P. longispinosus
2222:Spiny searobin (
1657:Bellator farrago
1621:
1610:
1603:
1596:
1587:
1564:
1563:
1553:
1543:
1507:
1501:
1500:
1484:
1478:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1462:
1456:
1455:
1429:
1418:
1417:
1407:
1379:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1338:
1329:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1313:
1307:
1306:
1304:
1268:
1262:
1261:
1241:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1186:
1180:
1179:
1155:
1149:
1148:
1140:
1134:
1133:
1126:
1120:
1119:
1101:
1088:
1087:
1079:
1062:
1061:
1045:
1032:
1031:
1013:
1000:
999:
991:
982:
981:
963:
950:
949:
944:Lang P. (2000).
941:
920:
919:
903:
880:
879:
877:
875:
859:
853:
852:
850:
848:
820:
814:
813:
792:
773:
772:
770:
768:
763:
737:
552:
423:Kermadec Islands
291:and the western
236:
228:
202:
87:
86:
66:
61:
60:
42:
33:
24:Bluefin gurnard
21:
2931:
2930:
2926:
2925:
2924:
2922:
2921:
2920:
2906:Fish of Oceania
2901:Chelidonichthys
2886:
2885:
2884:
2879:
2871:
2866:
2858:
2853:
2845:
2840:
2832:
2830:
2822:
2817:
2809:
2804:
2796:
2791:
2783:
2778:
2770:
2765:
2757:
2752:
2744:
2739:
2731:
2726:
2718:
2713:
2705:
2700:
2691:
2690:
2685:
2672:
2662:
2657:
2649:Piper gurnard (
2635:
2426:
2208:
1824:
1804:
1727:Chelidonichthys
1721:
1705:
1665:B. gymnostethus
1624:
1614:
1568:
1567:
1526:(2): e0149338.
1509:
1508:
1504:
1486:
1485:
1481:
1471:
1469:
1464:
1463:
1459:
1444:
1431:
1430:
1421:
1381:
1380:
1376:
1353:(1–2): 69–114.
1340:
1339:
1332:
1322:
1320:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1270:
1269:
1265:
1258:10.1071/MF99152
1243:
1242:
1238:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1195:
1193:
1188:
1187:
1183:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1142:
1141:
1137:
1128:
1127:
1123:
1116:
1103:
1102:
1091:
1081:
1080:
1065:
1047:
1046:
1035:
1028:
1015:
1014:
1003:
993:
992:
985:
978:
965:
964:
953:
943:
942:
923:
905:
904:
883:
873:
871:
861:
860:
856:
846:
844:
830:Chelidonichthys
822:
821:
817:
794:
793:
776:
766:
764:
739:
738:
734:
729:
712:
684:
528:Banks Peninsula
516:
488:Polychaete worm
482:
473:
461:
456:
447:
435:Banks Peninsula
411:
402:
389:
371:or even white.
360:
332:Chelidonichthys
309:
248:bluefin gurnard
211:
204:
198:
185:
169:Chelidonichthys
157:Chelidonichthys
136:Scorpaeniformes
81:
73:
62:
58:
51:
17:
16:Species of fish
12:
11:
5:
2929:
2927:
2919:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2888:
2887:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2877:
2864:
2851:
2838:
2828:
2815:
2802:
2789:
2776:
2763:
2750:
2737:
2724:
2711:
2698:
2682:
2680:
2674:
2673:
2668:
2659:
2658:
2656:
2655:
2645:
2643:
2637:
2636:
2634:
2633:
2626:
2619:
2612:
2605:
2598:
2591:
2584:
2577:
2570:
2563:
2556:
2549:
2542:
2535:
2528:
2521:
2514:
2507:
2500:
2493:
2486:
2479:
2472:
2465:
2458:
2451:
2444:
2436:
2434:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2424:
2415:
2406:
2397:
2388:
2379:
2370:
2361:
2352:
2343:
2334:
2325:
2319:Red searobin (
2316:
2309:
2300:
2291:
2282:
2273:
2264:
2255:
2251:P. birostratus
2246:
2237:
2233:P. albirostris
2228:
2218:
2216:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2206:
2199:
2192:
2185:
2178:
2171:
2164:
2157:
2150:
2143:
2136:
2129:
2122:
2115:
2108:
2101:
2094:
2087:
2080:
2073:
2066:
2059:
2052:
2045:
2038:
2031:
2024:
2017:
2010:
2003:
1996:
1989:
1982:
1975:
1968:
1961:
1954:
1947:
1940:
1933:
1926:
1919:
1912:
1905:
1898:
1891:
1884:
1877:
1870:
1863:
1856:
1849:
1842:
1834:
1832:
1826:
1825:
1817:Grey gurnard (
1814:
1812:
1806:
1805:
1803:
1802:
1795:
1788:
1781:
1774:
1767:
1760:
1753:
1746:
1739:
1731:
1729:
1723:
1722:
1715:
1713:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1703:
1694:
1687:
1678:
1669:
1660:
1653:
1644:
1634:
1632:
1626:
1625:
1615:
1613:
1612:
1605:
1598:
1590:
1584:
1583:
1576:
1566:
1565:
1502:
1479:
1457:
1442:
1419:
1398:(2): 157–159.
1374:
1330:
1308:
1263:
1252:(4): 537–548.
1236:
1203:
1181:
1170:(2): 131–139.
1150:
1135:
1121:
1114:
1089:
1063:
1033:
1027:978-1877517815
1026:
1001:
983:
976:
951:
921:
881:
854:
815:
796:Froese, Rainer
774:
731:
730:
728:
725:
711:
708:
683:
680:
677:
676:
673:
667:
664:
663:
660:
654:
651:
650:
647:
641:
638:
637:
634:
628:
624:
623:
620:
615:
612:
611:
608:
603:
600:
599:
596:
591:
588:
587:
584:
579:
576:
575:
572:
567:
563:
562:
559:
556:
515:
512:
481:
478:
472:
469:
460:
457:
455:
452:
446:
443:
439:Foveaux Strait
431:Hawke Bay
410:
407:
401:
398:
388:
385:
359:
356:
320:Georges Cuvier
308:
305:
242:
241:
240:
239:
237:Cuvier, 1829
234:Trigla peronii
231:
229:Cuvier, 1829
220:
219:
213:
212:
205:
194:
193:
187:
186:
179:
177:
173:
172:
165:
161:
160:
153:
149:
148:
143:
139:
138:
133:
129:
128:
126:Actinopterygii
123:
119:
118:
113:
109:
108:
103:
99:
98:
93:
89:
88:
75:
74:
56:
53:
52:
47:
44:
43:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2928:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2893:
2891:
2874:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2829:
2825:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2703:
2699:
2694:
2688:
2684:
2683:
2681:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2666:
2654:
2652:
2647:
2646:
2644:
2642:
2638:
2632:
2631:
2627:
2625:
2624:
2620:
2618:
2617:
2613:
2611:
2610:
2606:
2604:
2603:
2599:
2597:
2596:
2592:
2590:
2589:
2585:
2583:
2582:
2578:
2576:
2575:
2571:
2569:
2568:
2564:
2562:
2561:
2557:
2555:
2554:
2550:
2548:
2547:
2543:
2541:
2540:
2536:
2534:
2533:
2529:
2527:
2526:
2522:
2520:
2519:
2515:
2513:
2512:
2508:
2506:
2505:
2501:
2499:
2498:
2494:
2492:
2491:
2487:
2485:
2484:
2480:
2478:
2477:
2473:
2471:
2470:
2466:
2464:
2463:
2459:
2457:
2456:
2452:
2450:
2449:
2445:
2443:
2442:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2433:
2432:Pterygotrigla
2429:
2423:
2421:
2416:
2414:
2412:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2398:
2396:
2394:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2380:
2378:
2376:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2362:
2360:
2358:
2353:
2351:
2349:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2317:
2315:
2314:
2310:
2308:
2306:
2301:
2299:
2297:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2274:
2272:
2270:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2211:
2205:
2204:
2200:
2198:
2197:
2193:
2191:
2190:
2186:
2184:
2183:
2179:
2177:
2176:
2172:
2170:
2169:
2165:
2163:
2162:
2158:
2156:
2155:
2151:
2149:
2148:
2144:
2142:
2141:
2137:
2135:
2134:
2130:
2128:
2127:
2123:
2121:
2120:
2116:
2114:
2113:
2109:
2107:
2106:
2102:
2100:
2099:
2095:
2093:
2092:
2088:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2079:
2078:
2074:
2072:
2071:
2067:
2065:
2064:
2060:
2058:
2057:
2053:
2051:
2050:
2046:
2044:
2043:
2039:
2037:
2036:
2032:
2030:
2029:
2025:
2023:
2022:
2018:
2016:
2015:
2011:
2009:
2008:
2004:
2002:
2001:
1997:
1995:
1994:
1990:
1988:
1987:
1983:
1981:
1980:
1976:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1960:
1959:
1955:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1946:
1945:
1941:
1939:
1938:
1934:
1932:
1931:
1927:
1925:
1924:
1920:
1918:
1917:
1913:
1911:
1910:
1906:
1904:
1903:
1899:
1897:
1896:
1892:
1890:
1889:
1885:
1883:
1882:
1878:
1876:
1875:
1871:
1869:
1868:
1864:
1862:
1861:
1857:
1855:
1854:
1850:
1848:
1847:
1843:
1841:
1840:
1836:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1813:
1811:
1807:
1801:
1800:
1796:
1794:
1793:
1789:
1787:
1786:
1782:
1780:
1779:
1775:
1773:
1772:
1768:
1766:
1765:
1761:
1759:
1758:
1754:
1752:
1751:
1747:
1745:
1744:
1740:
1738:
1737:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1719:
1714:
1712:
1708:
1702:
1700:
1695:
1693:
1692:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1661:
1659:
1658:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1640:B. brachychir
1636:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1627:
1619:
1611:
1606:
1604:
1599:
1597:
1592:
1591:
1588:
1581:
1577:
1574:
1570:
1569:
1561:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1515:
1506:
1503:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1483:
1480:
1467:
1466:"Red Gurnard"
1461:
1458:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1439:
1435:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1420:
1415:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1387:
1378:
1375:
1369:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1337:
1335:
1331:
1318:
1312:
1309:
1303:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1276:
1267:
1264:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1240:
1237:
1231:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1207:
1204:
1191:
1185:
1182:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1154:
1151:
1146:
1139:
1136:
1131:
1125:
1122:
1117:
1115:9780994104168
1111:
1107:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1090:
1085:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1034:
1029:
1023:
1019:
1012:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1002:
997:
990:
988:
984:
979:
973:
969:
962:
960:
958:
956:
952:
947:
940:
938:
936:
934:
932:
930:
928:
926:
922:
917:
913:
909:
902:
900:
898:
896:
894:
892:
890:
888:
886:
882:
869:
865:
858:
855:
843:
839:
838:
833:
831:
825:
819:
816:
811:
810:
805:
803:
797:
791:
789:
787:
785:
783:
781:
779:
775:
762:
757:
753:
749:
748:
743:
736:
733:
726:
724:
720:
718:
710:Vocalisations
709:
707:
703:
699:
697:
688:
681:
674:
671:
668:
666:
665:
661:
658:
655:
653:
652:
648:
645:
642:
640:
639:
635:
632:
629:
626:
625:
621:
619:
616:
614:
613:
609:
607:
604:
602:
601:
597:
595:
592:
590:
589:
585:
583:
580:
578:
577:
573:
571:
568:
565:
564:
560:
557:
554:
553:
546:
542:
540:
536:
531:
529:
520:
513:
511:
508:
505:
503:
494:
486:
479:
477:
470:
468:
465:
458:
453:
451:
444:
442:
440:
436:
432:
428:
427:Bay of Plenty
424:
420:
416:
408:
406:
399:
393:
386:
384:
380:
376:
372:
364:
357:
355:
353:
349:
345:
342:
341:specific name
338:
334:
333:
329:
325:
324:type locality
321:
318:
314:
306:
304:
302:
298:
294:
293:Pacific Ocean
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
271:
267:
263:
259:
258:
253:
249:
235:
232:
227:
224:
221:
218:
214:
209:
203:
201:
195:
192:
191:Binomial name
188:
184:
183:
178:
175:
174:
171:
170:
166:
163:
162:
159:
158:
154:
151:
150:
147:
144:
141:
140:
137:
134:
131:
130:
127:
124:
121:
120:
117:
114:
111:
110:
107:
104:
101:
100:
97:
94:
91:
90:
85:
80:
76:
70:
65:
64:Least Concern
54:
50:
45:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
2677:
2650:
2628:
2621:
2614:
2607:
2600:
2593:
2586:
2579:
2572:
2565:
2558:
2551:
2544:
2537:
2530:
2523:
2516:
2509:
2502:
2495:
2488:
2481:
2474:
2467:
2460:
2453:
2446:
2439:
2419:
2410:
2401:
2392:
2383:
2375:P. ruscarius
2374:
2365:
2356:
2348:P. punctatus
2347:
2339:P. paralatus
2338:
2329:
2320:
2311:
2304:
2295:
2286:
2277:
2268:
2260:P. carolinus
2259:
2250:
2241:
2232:
2223:
2201:
2194:
2187:
2180:
2173:
2166:
2159:
2152:
2145:
2138:
2131:
2124:
2117:
2110:
2103:
2096:
2089:
2082:
2075:
2068:
2061:
2054:
2047:
2040:
2033:
2026:
2019:
2012:
2005:
1998:
1991:
1984:
1977:
1970:
1963:
1956:
1949:
1942:
1935:
1928:
1921:
1914:
1907:
1900:
1893:
1886:
1879:
1872:
1865:
1858:
1851:
1844:
1837:
1830:Lepidotrigla
1818:
1815:
1797:
1790:
1783:
1776:
1769:
1763:
1762:
1755:
1748:
1741:
1734:
1716:
1698:
1689:
1683:B. militaris
1682:
1673:
1664:
1655:
1648:
1639:
1579:
1572:
1523:
1519:
1513:
1505:
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182:C. kumu
181:
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2767:iNaturalist
2420:P. tribulus
2393:P. stearnsi
2384:P. scitulus
2321:P. nudigula
1384:"Larvae of
1223:: 390–397.
358:Description
301:New Zealand
226:Trigla kumu
2890:Categories
2411:P. teaguei
2330:P. ophryas
2278:P. horrens
2269:P. evolans
1711:Bovitrigla
1699:B. xenisma
1649:B. egretta
1452:Q114871191
977:0002169878
916:B00AM7FIOO
727:References
670:Capillaria
657:Ascarophis
646:sp. larva
633:sp. larva
598:intestine
586:intestine
574:intestine
279:names are
264:of marine
164:Subgenus:
2357:P. roseus
2296:P. martis
2242:P. beanii
2224:P. alatus
2214:Prionotus
1674:B. loxias
1618:Triglidae
1499:: 71–105.
717:Triglidae
627:NEMATODA
502:amphipods
496:Anchovies
464:inshore.
322:with the
317:zoologist
313:described
297:Australia
285:pūwahaiau
273:Triglidae
176:Species:
146:Triglidae
102:Kingdom:
96:Eukaryota
2785:10573788
2741:FishBase
2693:Q1043905
2687:Wikidata
2366:P. rubio
2305:P. miles
1810:Eutrigla
1630:Bellator
1620:species
1560:26890124
1520:PLOS ONE
1472:16 March
1448:Wikidata
1414:12363088
1196:16 March
809:FishBase
675:stomach
662:stomach
631:Anisakis
622:stomach
610:stomach
566:DIGENEA
558:Species
535:Anisakis
471:Spawning
337:subgenus
307:Taxonomy
281:kumukumu
217:Synonyms
142:Family:
116:Chordata
112:Phylum:
106:Animalia
92:Domain:
69:IUCN 3.1
2759:2336668
2651:T. lyra
1616:Extant
1551:4758638
1528:Bibcode
1355:Bibcode
1323:10 June
1289:Bibcode
1060:: 1–77.
419:Chatham
415:Stewart
262:species
260:) is a
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152:Genus:
132:Order:
122:Class:
67: (
2873:218122
2860:562835
2847:218122
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2798:167052
2641:Trigla
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847:9 June
767:9 June
555:Group
459:Growth
437:, the
421:, and
417:, the
352:koumou
339:. The
270:family
208:Cuvier
2868:WoRMS
2780:IRMNG
2772:97336
2733:5Y2WD
2720:10754
696:Māori
346:is a
328:genus
277:Māori
2842:OBIS
2819:NCBI
2806:IUCN
2793:ITIS
2754:GBIF
2715:BOLD
1556:PMID
1474:2019
1438:ISBN
1410:PMID
1325:2022
1198:2019
1110:ISBN
1022:ISBN
972:ISBN
912:ASIN
876:2022
849:2022
769:2022
752:2010
672:sp.
659:sp.
344:kumu
299:and
283:and
246:The
2746:507
2728:CoL
2702:AFD
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1536:doi
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