95:
699:
28:
149:
107:
126:
765:
drivers and riding mechanics, and sudden catastrophic tire failures caused by track conditions. Cars were fitted with anti-splinter devices to protect their radiators. Other safety devices also hadn't been invented yet (seat belts, roll bars, or fire protection). Drivers often were ejected from their cars and would fall tens of feet (several meters). Drivers and riding mechanics often were driven over by their own or another car.
138:
780:, the situation was also very dangerous and the danger was aggravated by the riders' lack of proper safety equipment. Fans sat above the top of the track, looking down at the racers. When a rider lost control, he could slip up off the track and into the crowd. Many fatalities occurred, often involving spectators. The velodrome at
706:
The first track in Playa del Rey was banked at a 3:1 pitch (about 20 degrees), but later tracks were built with higher banking and some motorcycle tracks were banked up to 60 degrees. Even though the physics of such track designs were intuitively obvious, it was not until construction of the
Beverly
681:
resumed and re-organized the
National Championship system. From the beginning of the 1920 season to the end of 1931, the AAA sanctioned a total of 123 championship racing events on 24 different race tracks, and 82 of those races were run on wooden surfaces. (Of the remainder, 12 were on the bricks
764:
Even when the cars did not crash, racing on a board track was exceedingly dangerous due to flying wood splinters and debris, and due to the primitive tire technology and head protection of the era. In one oral history taken from a driver, he told a tale of wooden shards driven into the faces of
184:
Interest in motorsport was exploding during this period and by 1929, at least 24 board tracks had been built around the country, although by 1931, 20 of the 24 had been shut down or abandoned, and from 1932 on there were no more championship-level races run on boards. The tracks were relatively
826:
An additional factor was that as speeds increased, overtaking became more difficult - the fastest car would almost always win the race, as long as it held together long enough to finish. This led to spectators turning their attention to the less-predictable racing that was taking place on dirt
822:
of new lumber per 1.25 miles (2.01 km) of track, which would have cost around $ 125,000 at the prices prevalent at the time. Thus, during the last decade of the board tracks, carpenters would repair the tracks from below, sometimes even during a race, while the cars raced overhead at
670:(population 83,000 in 1910) had turned out 35,000 to see a race the year before. To attract both competitors and fans, race promoters offered what were then considered sensational amounts of prize money - a total purse of $ 25,000 was not unusual around the time of World War I.
707:
Hills track in 1919 that builders began to incorporate engineering knowledge that had been known to railroads for decades. At
Beverly Hills, designer Art Pillsbury, who eventually worked on more than half of the championship-caliber board tracks nationwide, first employed the
118:
817:
A major contributor to the demise of board tracks was the high cost of maintenance. There was no suitable wood preservative available, and depending on climate, tracks needed new boards every five years on average. Resurfacing required as much as a million
794: mi (200 m) oval banked at 45 degrees (generating lap times of 8 seconds or less) and built from 1 in × 12 in (25 mm × 300 mm) lumber on edge, was "unquestionably the deadliest". On September 8, 1912, "Texas Cyclone"
1482:
You used to get hit with some terrific blocks and knots of wood. We all came in with pieces of wood bigger than kitchen matches driven into our face and foreheads. They'd go in, hit the bone and then spread out. Then you had to remove them, of
808:
because dirt was safer. The national organization overseeing motorcycle racing banned all competitions on board tracks shorter than 1-mile (1.6 km) in 1919. One by one, the manufacturers withdrew their support due to the negative publicity.
81:
in the early 1930s, board track racing disappeared rapidly. However, several of its most notable aspects have continued to influence
American motorsports up to the present day, including: A technical emphasis on raw speed produced by the steep
73:
Board tracks proliferated in part because they were inexpensive to construct, but they lacked durability and required a great deal of maintenance to remain usable. Many of the tracks survived for as little as three years before being abandoned.
711:, and the effect on car handling was pronounced. According to Pillsbury, a correctly engineered track could be driven without steering input from the driver – the car would steer itself, simply due to the track geometry.
176:
used for bicycle racing, this track and others like it were constructed with 2-inch (51 mm) x 4-inch (100 mm) boards, often with turns banked at up to 45 degrees. In some cases, such as the track at
181:, banking was 50 degrees or more. Longer tracks were later built – some up to 2 miles (3.2 km) long by 1915 - and lap speeds exceeding 100 miles per hour became commonplace.
86:; ample track width to allow steady overtaking between competitors; and the development of extensive grandstands or stadium-style spectator seating surrounding many of the courses.
1711:
798:
was killed at a motordrome in Newark, New Jersey in an accident which also killed another racer and four spectators, and injured ten more. The deaths made the front page of
830:
Though board tracks disappeared from the
National Championship scene in 1932, a few smaller tracks did continue to operate for some years afterward. For instance, the
1163:
749:
both suffered fatal accidents at the facility in the same years as their
Indianapolis 500 wins – Keech's occurring only seventeen days after, on June 15, 1929.
891:
1130:
804:, and the press started calling the short 1/4 and 1/3 mile circuits "murderdromes". The 1913 motorcycle championship races were moved to a
718:
on drivers, but not necessarily greater safety. Driver fatalities continued to mount on board tracks into the 1920s, and included four
1708:
1749:
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1225:
1096:
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982:
674:
549:
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67:
185:
inexpensive to construct compared to more permanent facilities – the total facility cost of the 2-mile (3.2 km)
240:
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111:
94:
1734:
194:
157:
1116:
621:
567:
1744:
608:
169:
1739:
662:
Racing on these tracks often drew large crowds of paying spectators. In 1915, a crowd of 80,000 was reported in
626:
500:
392:
222:
773:
that racing on boards was "a great sensation, tearing around a board speedway dodging holes and flying timber."
369:
253:
603:
518:
423:
311:
178:
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217:
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464:
356:
280:
235:
27:
723:
536:
482:
459:
405:
125:
55:
666:, three weeks after only 60,000 had attended the Indianapolis 500. Relatively small and isolated
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1435:
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781:
667:
410:
351:
338:
99:
148:
106:
936:
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978:
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835:
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663:
374:
47:
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866:
758:
750:
719:
572:
554:
477:
320:
78:
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1613:
531:
441:
333:
298:
186:
153:
141:
137:
293:
1728:
1530:
1063:
726:, and three in the same years in which the driver won at Indianapolis. Winner of the
43:
1625:
722:
winners, three of which occurred at the
Altoona track (another Pillsbury design) in
117:
31:
Race teams grid-up for the start of a race at
Baltimore-Washington Speedway in 1925.
1314:
766:
730:
975:
So-Cal Speed Shop: The Fast Tale of the
California Racers Who Made Hot Rod History
861:
795:
687:
83:
63:
1164:"Collection: Marvin D. Boland Collection Series: SPEEDWAY-011 (Unique: 38123)"
856:
819:
39:
1118:
American Auto Racing: The
Milestones and Personalities of a Century of Speed
871:
746:
738:
189:
was just $ 100,000 in 1915, compared to the $ 700,000 spent in 1909 just to
173:
1497:"BOARD TRACKS : Before Indianapolis, L.A.'s Toothpick Ovals Were King"
17:
715:
316:
262:
1269:
1699:
258:
714:
The effects of these changes were higher cornering speeds and higher
51:
46:
during the 1910s and 1920s. Competition was conducted on circular or
1068:. New York Public Library: S.J. Clarke Publishing Company. pp.
1533:(June 2016). "Wall Smacker". Speedway Illustrated. pp. 62–65.
839:
697:
147:
136:
124:
116:
105:
93:
26:
1147:
Population History of Western U.S. Cities & Towns, 1850-1990
1065:
Tacoma: Its History and Its Builders; a Half Century of Activity
168:, built in 1910 in the area that would later become the city's
1628:, Daniel K. Statnekov; Chapter 15; Retrieved December 10, 2007
129:
Some early board tracks were circular. This is a view of the
62:, before being adapted for use by various different types of
1702:, a silent short film of motorcycle racing on the boards in
1525:
1523:
1521:
1519:
757:, perished that same autumn, on November 25, 1920, in a
164:
The first board track for motor racing was the circular
733:
died in an Altoona race on September 4, 1923, while co-
70:
races were contested at such venues during the 1920s.
1110:
1108:
838:
until at least 1939, and Castle Hill Speedway in the
1315:"Chapter 4 - Pioneers of American Motorcycle Racing"
943:. Chilton Company, Incorporated. 1916. p. 1097.
172:
district. Based on the same technology as European
110:1912 Indian Board Track Racer, on display at the
1401:Davidson, Donald (2005-05-29). "On the Boards".
921:Davidson, Donald (2005-05-29). "On the Boards".
1367:
1365:
1363:
1333:
1331:
1674:The Golden Age of Bicycle Racing in New Jersey
996:
994:
1028:
1026:
8:
1542:
1540:
1457:
1455:
1308:
1306:
144:(left) racing a car on a board track in 1915
1585:"Six killed by motor cyclist jumping track"
1430:Dunkelberger, Steve; Neary, Walter (2005).
121:Motorcycles racing on a board track in 1911
1115:Martin, James A.; Saal, Thomas F. (2004).
682:of Indianapolis, and the other 29 were on
199:
1616:, Dave Tharp, Retrieved December 10, 2007
1464:The Golden Age of the American Racing Car
1374:The Golden Age of the American Racing Car
1340:The Golden Age of the American Racing Car
1283:The Golden Age of the American Racing Car
1243:The Golden Age of the American Racing Car
1214:The Golden Age of the American Racing Car
1085:The Golden Age of the American Racing Car
1035:The Golden Age of the American Racing Car
1033:Borgeson, Griffith (1998). "Apendix II".
1003:The Golden Age of the American Racing Car
977:. MotorBooks International. p. 128.
973:Christensen, Mark; Thacker, Tony (2005).
1372:Borgeson, Griffith (1998). "Chapter 3".
1338:Borgeson, Griffith (1998). "Chapter 3".
1241:Borgeson, Griffith (1998). "Chapter 3".
1212:Borgeson, Griffith (1998). "Chapter 3".
1083:Borgeson, Griffith (1998). "Chapter 5".
1001:Borgeson, Griffith (1998). "Chapter 3".
823:120 mph (190 km/h) or faster.
54:. This type of track was first used for
1709:Beverly Hills Board Track Racing (1921)
1170:. Tacoma Public Library. Archived from
882:
1626:Pioneers of American Motorcycle Racing
1403:2005 Indianapolis 500 Official Program
1313:Statnekov, Daniel K. (June 28, 2003).
1168:Tacoma Public Library - Image Archives
923:2005 Indianapolis 500 Official Program
7:
1718:, a film about motorcycle racing at
156:were sometimes higher than those at
1551:. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 30.
1419:. R.T. Miller, Jr. Publisher. 1922.
1676:. The History Press. p. 106.
1651:. Rooftop Publishing. p. 63.
1637:"The Miller Dynasty", Mark L. Dees
1062:Hunt, Herbert (1916). "Volume 2".
25:
1405:. Indy Publications. p. 171.
925:. Indy Publications. p. 169.
702:Car raced at several board tracks
675:Automobile Association of America
98:Construction of a board track at
1495:Glick, Shav (October 14, 1987).
941:Automotive Industries, Volume 35
890:Gnerre, Sam (January 12, 2011).
66:. The majority of the American
1193:"Astor Cup will be 250 miles".
937:"1916 - A 100 M.P.H. Speed Era"
622:Pittsburgh-Bridgeville Speedway
954:"Speedway Practice - Feb. 5".
152:Qualifying speeds at two-mile
1:
1649:The Bronx: In Bits and Pieces
1549:Harley-Davidson Motor Company
550:Baltimore-Washington Speedway
842:ran midgets into the 1940s.
709:Searle Spiral Easement Curve
559:1.125 miles (1.811 km)
361:1.125 miles (1.811 km)
112:California Automobile Museum
1462:Borgeson, Griffith (1998).
1281:Borgeson, Griffith (1998).
195:Indianapolis Motor Speedway
193:the 2.5-mile (4.0 km)
58:, wherein they were called
1766:
1672:Gabriele, Michael (2011).
1201:: 461. September 14, 1916.
609:Northampton Township, Ohio
577:1.25 miles (2.01 km)
541:1.25 miles (2.01 km)
523:1.25 miles (2.01 km)
505:1.25 miles (2.01 km)
487:1.25 miles (2.01 km)
469:1.25 miles (2.01 km)
451:1.25 miles (2.01 km)
433:1.25 miles (2.01 km)
397:1.25 miles (2.01 km)
303:1.25 miles (2.01 km)
50:with surfaces composed of
1750:Motorcycle racing by type
1700:The Board Track In Motion
1614:1918 Indian 8-Valve Racer
656:
649:0.5 miles (0.80 km)
631:0.5 miles (0.80 km)
627:Bridgeville, Pennsylvania
613:0.5 miles (0.80 km)
501:Pineville, North Carolina
393:Beverly Hills, California
370:Cincinnati Motor Speedway
245:0.5 miles (0.80 km)
223:Playa del Rey, California
892:"Los Angeles Motordrome"
604:Akron-Cleveland Speedway
595:1.5 miles (2.4 km)
379:2.0 miles (3.2 km)
343:2.0 miles (3.2 km)
325:2.0 miles (3.2 km)
267:2.0 miles (3.2 km)
133:, the first of its kind.
1153:: Scarecrow, 1996, 333.
1123:McFarland & Company
962:: 46. February 1, 1920.
813:The end of board tracks
761:race at Beverly Hills.
673:After World War I, the
519:Culver City, California
415:1.0 mile (1.6 km)
312:Sheepshead Bay Speedway
285:1.0 mile (1.6 km)
227:1.0 mile (1.6 km)
100:Uniontown, Pennsylvania
1720:Beverly Hills Speedway
1704:Daytona Beach, Florida
832:Coney Island Velodrome
703:
645:Woodbridge, New Jersey
586:Atlantic City Speedway
568:Fulford–Miami Speedway
447:Santa Rosa, California
429:San Carlos, California
424:San Francisco Speedway
388:Beverly Hills Speedway
218:Los Angeles Motordrome
166:Los Angeles Motordrome
161:
145:
134:
131:Los Angeles Motordrome
122:
114:
103:
77:With the onset of the
56:motorcycle competition
32:
1647:Twomey, Bill (2007).
1574:Magazine, 9/84, p.77.
1547:Scott, Missy (2008).
1417:Illustrated world, 37
1195:Automotive Industries
755:1920 Indianapolis 500
728:1919 Indianapolis 500
701:
591:Hammonton, New Jersey
465:Kansas City, Missouri
357:Hopwood, Pennsylvania
281:Valley Junction, Iowa
151:
140:
128:
120:
109:
97:
68:national championship
30:
1596:. September 12, 1912
776:On the motorcycling
724:Tipton, Pennsylvania
537:Salem, New Hampshire
514:Culver City Speedway
483:Tipton, Pennsylvania
460:Kansas City Speedway
241:Elmhurst, California
640:Woodbridge Speedway
276:Des Moines Speedway
1735:Motorsport by type
1714:2018-10-06 at the
1593:The New York Times
1438:. pp. 73–74.
1436:Arcadia Publishing
801:The New York Times
782:Nutley, New Jersey
769:wrote in his book
704:
496:Charlotte Speedway
411:Fresno, California
352:Uniontown Speedway
339:Tacoma, Washington
236:Oakland Motordrome
162:
146:
135:
123:
115:
104:
36:Board track racing
33:
1745:Open wheel racing
1502:Los Angeles Times
1468:SAE International
1378:SAE International
1344:SAE International
1287:SAE International
1247:SAE International
1218:SAE International
1145:Moffatt, Riley.
1132:978-0-786-41235-8
1089:SAE International
1039:SAE International
1007:SAE International
896:South Bay History
852:Centrifugal force
660:
659:
375:Sharonville, Ohio
48:oval race courses
16:(Redirected from
1757:
1740:Stock car racing
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945:
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927:
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918:
912:
911:
909:
907:
898:. Archived from
887:
793:
792:
788:
759:Thanksgiving Day
753:, winner of the
751:Gaston Chevrolet
720:Indianapolis 500
573:Fulford, Florida
555:Laurel, Maryland
478:Altoona Speedway
200:
79:Great Depression
21:
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1725:
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1716:Wayback Machine
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1270:Champ Car Stats
1268:
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1211:
1210:
1206:
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1174:on 3 March 2016
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1041:. p. 323.
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532:Rockingham Park
442:Cotati Speedway
406:Fresno Speedway
334:Tacoma Speedway
299:Omaha, Nebraska
187:Tacoma Speedway
154:Tacoma Speedway
142:Barney Oldfield
92:
42:popular in the
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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1695:
1694:External links
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1576:
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1531:Berggren, Dick
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1470:. p. 24.
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1380:. p. 23.
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1346:. p. 21.
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1289:. p. 18.
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902:on 9 June 2011
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158:Indianapolis
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862:Sport venue
796:Eddie Hasha
778:motordromes
684:dirt tracks
179:Culver City
64:racing cars
60:motordromes
18:Board track
1729:Categories
1600:2007-12-05
956:Motor West
878:References
857:Plank road
820:board feet
806:dirt track
652:1929–1931
634:1927–1930
616:1926–1930
598:1926–1928
580:1926–1927
562:1925–1926
544:1925–1928
526:1924–1927
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418:1920–1927
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382:1916–1919
364:1916–1922
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328:1915–1919
306:1915–1917
288:1915–1917
270:1915–1918
248:1911–1912
230:1910–1913
174:velodromes
40:motorsport
872:Velodrome
747:Ray Keech
739:Joe Boyer
206:Location
1712:Archived
1508:July 31,
1432:Lakewood
1320:July 26,
846:See also
827:tracks.
716:G-forces
321:New York
317:Brooklyn
263:Illinois
1483:course.
1178:20 July
906:24 July
834:hosted
789:⁄
745:winner
737:winner
664:Chicago
259:Chicago
102:in 1916
90:History
84:banking
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694:Safety
668:Tacoma
1588:(PDF)
840:Bronx
203:Name
1678:ISBN
1653:ISBN
1553:ISBN
1510:2012
1472:ISBN
1440:ISBN
1382:ISBN
1348:ISBN
1322:2007
1291:ISBN
1251:ISBN
1222:ISBN
1180:2012
1127:ISBN
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908:2012
784:, a
743:1929
741:and
735:1924
191:pave
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