2860:
469:
2866:
150:
2884:
127:
574:
swallowed to assist in the digestion of plant material. However, the rocks apparently swallowed by this specimen are much larger, coarser, and less numerous than most gastroliths, and were unlikely to have been used for the same purpose as those swallowed by herbivores. Instead, it has been suggested
464:
Similar to most enantiornitheans, bohaiornithids possessed teeth rather than a beak as in modern birds, although they could be distinguished from other enantiornitheans due to the structure of their teeth. Their teeth were large, robust and somewhat conical, but had sharply pointed tips which curved
589:
Bohaiornithids had foot proportions which were between those expected of arboreal and terrestrial birds, but their long claws make terrestrial habits unlikely. Nevertheless, bohaiornithids lacked many of the specialized foot features which allow modern birds to perch and climb tree trunks. Although
554:, with the feathers being used by male members of a species for courtship display. A subadult specimen of an indeterminate bohaiornithid described in 2017 preserved feathers on various parts of the head and body which were analyzed and determined to have been
1594:
Li, Zhiheng; Zhou, Zhonghe; Wang, Min; Clarke, Julia A. (2014). "A new specimen of large-bodied basal
Enantiornithine Bohaiornis from the Early Cretaceous of China and the inference of feeding ecology in Mesozoic birds".
500:
Most adult bohaiornithids would have been rather similar in size and appearance to each other, and the family lacked the longevity and physical diversity of some other enantiornithean groups, such as the long-snouted
1682:
Wang, Yan; Wang, Min; O'Connor, Jingmai K.; Wang, Xiaoli; Zheng, Xiaoting; Zhang, Xiaomei (2016). "A new Jehol enantiornithine bird with three-dimensional preservation and ovarian follicles".
440:
age, 125–120 million years ago. Bohaiornithidae was first coined by Wang and colleagues in 2014. They defined it as the natural group formed by all descendants of the common ancestor of the
497:. A bohaiornithid's second (innermost) toes were thicker than their other toes, while their third (middle) toes were long and thin and all of their toe claws were very long and curved.
575:
that they were swallowed to help clean the digestive tract, a usage which has been reported in living birds of prey as well as other carnivorous animals with high-fat diets, such as
544:, and a few possessed a pair of long, ribbon-like tail feathers with barbs only at the tips. These specialized feathers are known in many enantiornithean specimens (as well as
465:
backwards. The first few teeth of the premaxillae are smaller than the rest of the teeth, but the other teeth in the front of the mouth were larger than those in the back.
586:
However, these rocks were later found to be mineral concretions, probably formed from the same mineral as the fossil specimen. Thus, they are not indicative of diet.
1533:
Zhang, Z.; Chiappe, L. M.; Han, G.; Chinsamy, A. (2013). "A large bird from the Early
Cretaceous of China: New information on the skull of enantiornithines".
2992:
2987:
1735:
1428:
2982:
570:
was preserved with several rocks concentrated in the stomach region. Rocks in the stomach of birds and other animals are often believed to be
2997:
1467:
A new diverse enantiornithine family (Bohaiornithidae fam. nov.) from the Lower
Cretaceous of China with information from two new species
493:(shoulder blades) slightly curve downwards, created a convex top edge and concave lower edge. Bohaiornithids also had gradually tapering
590:
long claws are known in modern birds of prey, bohaiornithids had short tarsometatarsals (ankle bones) which were dissimilar to most
2859:
149:
2865:
1429:"The first enantiornithine bird from the Lower Cretaceous LongjiangFormation in the Great Khingan Range of Inner Mongolia"
1728:
489:(wishbone) are wide and rounded in bohaiornithids, as opposed to the tapering tips in other enantiornitheans. Their
2887:
1832:
1466:
481:
Bohaiornithids also had lateral trabeculae (a pair of long and thin bony projections on the rear edge of the
2977:
1721:
2904:
2355:
2949:
2406:
1570:"A review of gastrolith function with implications for fossil vertebrates and a revised classification"
1436:
2292:
2936:
2306:
1886:
1666:
A new enantiornithine from the Yixian
Formation with the first recognized avian enamel specialization
1975:
1492:
Peteya, Jennifer A.; Clarke, Julia A.; Li, Quanguo; Gao, Ke-Qin; Shawkey, Matthew D. (2017-01-01).
468:
429:
2143:
1665:
1402:
537:. The smallest and youngest bohaiornithid specimens were about half the size of the largest ones.
337:
2634:
2502:
2459:
2385:
1859:
1699:
1647:
1612:
1550:
144:
2954:
2641:
2362:
1388:
348:
2334:
1569:
2178:
2038:
1515:
551:
452:
421:
1406:, supporting the possibility that those two genera are also examples of the family, although
2003:
1691:
1639:
1604:
1542:
1505:
702:
433:
39:
1494:"The plumage and colouration of an enantiornithine bird from the early cretaceous of china"
505:. The only specimens of bohaiornithids believed to have reached adulthood (the holotype of
2557:
2550:
2534:
2341:
2242:
1996:
1817:
1801:
712:
502:
288:
2762:
2687:
2655:
2600:
2579:
2486:
2434:
2278:
2031:
1954:
1932:
1898:
1744:
1260:
808:
640:
546:
485:) which not only extended backwards, but also outwards. The tips of each branch of the
414:
369:
249:
136:
579:. The description of this specimen claimed that it was plausible, but uncertain, that
2971:
2840:
2509:
2468:
2441:
2263:
2101:
2094:
2045:
1651:
1127:
929:
689:
77:
1703:
1616:
1554:
2833:
2648:
2227:
2199:
2192:
2136:
2066:
2010:
1392:
in 2016. This study it indicated that previously known bohaiornithid taxa formed a
1236:
984:
591:
441:
359:
277:
1695:
2927:
1643:
1546:
2787:
2746:
2723:
2662:
2593:
2572:
2523:
2495:
2475:
2378:
2327:
2270:
2164:
2157:
2129:
2115:
2108:
2080:
2059:
2017:
1871:
1664:
O’Connor, J.K. Zhang, Y. Chiappe, L.M. Meng, Q. Quanguo, L. & Di, L. (2013)
1162:
960:
784:
751:
655:
555:
522:
379:
52:
2776:
2769:
2696:
2627:
2620:
2420:
2285:
2256:
2213:
2122:
2087:
2052:
1783:
1774:
1277:
1035:
1001:
571:
533:
513:
474:
446:
327:
317:
207:
97:
62:
1519:
17:
2819:
2805:
2754:
2711:
2676:
2586:
2564:
2543:
2516:
2427:
2370:
2320:
2313:
2299:
2234:
2206:
2171:
2150:
2024:
1982:
1968:
1844:
1792:
1212:
1059:
1018:
896:
825:
734:
618:
606:
527:
518:
507:
494:
399:
220:
161:
126:
102:
46:
2921:
2703:
2669:
2413:
2392:
2348:
2249:
2220:
2185:
2073:
1768:
1393:
1179:
1076:
672:
595:
576:
417:
389:
194:
181:
92:
87:
72:
67:
57:
601:
Among birds of prey, bohaiornithids had leg proportions most similar to
2826:
2812:
2448:
2399:
1989:
1510:
1493:
630:
541:
490:
486:
482:
233:
107:
82:
1762:
602:
437:
171:
2898:
1608:
467:
425:
304:
2941:
1713:
609:. However, their teeth suggest a diet of hard-shelled creatures.
517:) were also the largest specimens, and were about the size of a
2902:
1755:
1717:
1630:
O'Connor, Jingmai (2019). "The trophic habits of early birds".
1465:
Wang M., Zhou Z.-H., O’Connor, J.K., and
Zelenkov, N.V. (2014)
629:
2013. The cladogram is based on a data matrix that includes 56
1427:
Wang, X.; Ju, S.; Wu, W.; Liu, Y.; Guo, Z.; Ji, Q. (2022).
1386:
phylogenetic analysis was reused during the description of
625:
2014, which itself was an updated version of O’Connor
621:
below was found in the phylogenetic analysis of Wang
1410:
is notoriously difficult to place phylogenetically.
395:
385:
375:
365:
355:
344:
333:
323:
313:
284:
2911:
2786:
2722:
2686:
2610:
2533:
2485:
2458:
1952:
1897:
1870:
1843:
1816:
1632:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
1461:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1453:
633:taxa, scored based on 262 morphological traits.
594:with the exception of members of the subfamily
540:Many bohaiornithids have been found preserving
1729:
8:
605:, and thus it is conceivable that they were
583:was ecologically similar to birds of prey.
2899:
2738:
1960:
1949:
1876:
1849:
1822:
1813:
1752:
1736:
1722:
1714:
125:
31:
1509:
1419:
525:enantiornitheans with the exception of
521:, which is much larger than most other
7:
1487:
1485:
1483:
428:. All known specimens come from the
1252:
1228:
1204:
1154:
1147:
1119:
1051:
976:
952:
945:
921:
875:
868:
800:
776:
726:
719:
708:
647:
636:
2993:Early Cretaceous first appearances
2988:Early Cretaceous dinosaurs of Asia
1684:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
1670:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
1535:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
25:
472:A reconstruction of the skull of
2883:
2882:
2864:
2858:
148:
413:is a group of early predatory
1:
2983:Prehistoric dinosaur families
1696:10.1080/02724634.2015.1054496
1577:Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
566:A referred adult specimen of
2998:Early Cretaceous extinctions
1644:10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.03.006
1547:10.1080/02724634.2013.762708
550:), and may be an example of
511:and a referred specimen of
27:Extinct family of dinosaurs
3014:
2878:
2856:
2741:
1963:
1948:
1929:
1879:
1852:
1825:
1812:
1751:
1274:
1257:
1250:
1233:
1226:
1209:
1202:
1176:
1159:
1152:
1145:
1124:
1117:
1073:
1056:
1049:
1032:
1015:
998:
981:
974:
957:
950:
943:
926:
919:
893:
880:
873:
866:
822:
805:
798:
781:
774:
748:
731:
724:
717:
706:
686:
669:
652:
645:
310:
303:
283:
276:
145:Scientific classification
143:
133:
124:
34:
2733:Cau & Arduini, 2008)
1597:Journal of Paleontology
1568:Wings, Oliver (2007).
1471:Vertebrata PalAsiatica
478:
436:, dating to the early
2950:Paleobiology Database
1433:Acta Geologica Sinica
471:
2356:Piscivorenantiornis
430:Jiufotang Formation
134:Fossil specimen of
2460:Iberomesornithidae
1511:10.1111/pala.12270
479:
2965:
2964:
2905:Taxon identifiers
2896:
2895:
2874:
2873:
2854:
2853:
2850:
2849:
2039:Cuspirostrisornis
1944:
1943:
1940:
1939:
1925:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1379:
1378:
1370:
1369:
1361:
1360:
1352:
1351:
1343:
1342:
1334:
1333:
1325:
1324:
1316:
1315:
1307:
1306:
1298:
1297:
1289:
1288:
1191:
1190:
1106:
1105:
1097:
1096:
1088:
1087:
908:
907:
855:
854:
846:
845:
837:
836:
763:
762:
552:sexual dimorphism
453:Shenqiornis mengi
422:Cretaceous Period
408:
407:
272:
16:(Redirected from
3005:
2958:
2957:
2945:
2944:
2932:
2931:
2930:
2900:
2886:
2885:
2869:
2868:
2862:
2798:
2797:
2739:
2735:
2734:
2293:Microenantiornis
2004:Castignovolucris
1961:
1950:
1877:
1850:
1823:
1814:
1807:
1806:
1753:
1738:
1731:
1724:
1715:
1708:
1707:
1679:
1673:
1662:
1656:
1655:
1627:
1621:
1620:
1591:
1585:
1584:
1574:
1565:
1559:
1558:
1530:
1524:
1523:
1513:
1489:
1478:
1463:
1448:
1447:
1445:
1444:
1435:. Archived from
1424:
1253:
1229:
1205:
1155:
1148:
1120:
1052:
977:
953:
946:
922:
876:
869:
801:
777:
727:
720:
709:
703:Euenantiornithes
648:
637:
434:Yixian Formation
397:
387:
377:
367:
357:
346:
335:
325:
315:
286:
266:
261:
248:
153:
152:
129:
119:
49:
40:Early Cretaceous
38:Temporal range:
32:
21:
3013:
3012:
3008:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3003:
3002:
2968:
2967:
2966:
2961:
2953:
2948:
2940:
2935:
2926:
2925:
2920:
2913:Bohaiornithidae
2907:
2897:
2892:
2870:
2863:
2846:
2791:
2790:
2782:
2728:
2727:
2726:
2718:
2682:
2612:Bohaiornithidae
2606:
2558:Dapingfangornis
2551:Camptodontornis
2535:Longipterygidae
2529:
2481:
2454:
2342:Paraprotopteryx
2307:Monoenantiornis
2243:Largirostrornis
1997:Brevirostruavis
1957:
1936:
1913:
1893:
1866:
1839:
1833:Avemetatarsalia
1818:Avemetatarsalia
1808:
1802:Ornithothoraces
1758:
1757:
1747:
1742:
1712:
1711:
1690:(2): e1054496.
1681:
1680:
1676:
1663:
1659:
1629:
1628:
1624:
1593:
1592:
1588:
1572:
1567:
1566:
1562:
1532:
1531:
1527:
1491:
1490:
1481:
1464:
1451:
1442:
1440:
1426:
1425:
1421:
1416:
1380:
1371:
1362:
1353:
1344:
1335:
1326:
1317:
1308:
1299:
1290:
1192:
1141:Bohaiornithidae
1107:
1098:
1089:
909:
856:
847:
838:
764:
713:Longipterygidae
615:
564:
475:Bohaiornis guoi
462:
447:Bohaiornis guoi
420:from the early
415:enantiornithean
411:Bohaiornithidae
299:
292:
289:Bohaiornis guoi
265:
263:Bohaiornithidae
259:
246:
147:
120:
118:
117:
116:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
44:
43:
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3011:
3009:
3001:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2978:Bohaiornithids
2970:
2969:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2959:
2946:
2933:
2917:
2915:
2909:
2908:
2903:
2894:
2893:
2891:
2890:
2879:
2876:
2875:
2872:
2871:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2851:
2848:
2847:
2845:
2844:
2837:
2830:
2823:
2816:
2809:
2801:
2799:
2796:Chiappe, 1992)
2784:
2783:
2781:
2780:
2773:
2766:
2763:Enantiophoenix
2759:
2751:
2742:
2736:
2720:
2719:
2717:
2716:
2708:
2700:
2692:
2690:
2688:Gobipterygidae
2684:
2683:
2681:
2680:
2673:
2666:
2659:
2656:Parabohaiornis
2652:
2645:
2638:
2631:
2624:
2616:
2614:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2604:
2601:Shengjingornis
2597:
2590:
2583:
2580:Longirostravis
2576:
2569:
2561:
2554:
2547:
2539:
2537:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2527:
2520:
2513:
2506:
2499:
2491:
2489:
2487:Pengornithidae
2483:
2482:
2480:
2479:
2472:
2464:
2462:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2452:
2445:
2438:
2435:Yuanjiawaornis
2431:
2424:
2417:
2410:
2403:
2396:
2389:
2382:
2375:
2367:
2359:
2352:
2345:
2338:
2331:
2324:
2317:
2310:
2303:
2296:
2289:
2282:
2279:Longchengornis
2275:
2267:
2260:
2253:
2246:
2239:
2231:
2224:
2217:
2210:
2203:
2196:
2189:
2182:
2175:
2168:
2161:
2154:
2147:
2140:
2133:
2126:
2119:
2112:
2105:
2098:
2091:
2084:
2077:
2070:
2063:
2056:
2049:
2042:
2035:
2032:Cruralispennia
2028:
2021:
2014:
2007:
2000:
1993:
1986:
1979:
1976:Alethoalaornis
1972:
1964:
1958:
1955:Enantiornithes
1953:
1946:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1933:Enantiornithes
1930:
1927:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1911:
1910:
1909:
1903:
1901:
1899:Enantiornithes
1895:
1894:
1892:
1891:
1890:
1889:
1880:
1874:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1864:
1863:
1862:
1853:
1847:
1841:
1840:
1838:
1837:
1836:
1835:
1826:
1820:
1810:
1809:
1805:
1804:
1795:
1786:
1777:
1771:
1765:
1756:
1749:
1748:
1745:Enantiornithes
1743:
1741:
1740:
1733:
1726:
1718:
1710:
1709:
1674:
1657:
1622:
1609:10.1666/13-052
1586:
1560:
1525:
1479:
1449:
1418:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1377:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1368:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1359:
1358:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1341:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1332:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1323:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1314:
1313:
1310:
1309:
1305:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1296:
1295:
1292:
1291:
1287:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1261:Parabohaiornis
1256:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1232:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1208:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1189:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1158:
1153:
1151:
1146:
1144:
1137:
1136:
1133:
1132:
1123:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1104:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1095:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1086:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1055:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1007:
1006:
997:
994:
993:
990:
989:
980:
975:
973:
970:
969:
966:
965:
956:
951:
949:
944:
942:
939:
938:
935:
934:
925:
920:
918:
915:
914:
911:
910:
906:
905:
902:
901:
892:
889:
888:
885:
884:
879:
874:
872:
867:
865:
862:
861:
858:
857:
853:
852:
849:
848:
844:
843:
840:
839:
835:
834:
831:
830:
821:
818:
817:
814:
813:
809:Longirostravis
804:
799:
797:
794:
793:
790:
789:
780:
775:
773:
770:
769:
766:
765:
761:
760:
757:
756:
747:
744:
743:
740:
739:
730:
725:
723:
718:
716:
707:
705:
699:
698:
695:
694:
685:
682:
681:
678:
677:
668:
665:
664:
661:
660:
651:
646:
644:
641:Enantiornithes
635:
614:
613:Classification
611:
563:
560:
547:Confuciusornis
503:longipterygids
461:
458:
406:
405:
404:
403:
393:
383:
373:
370:Parabohaiornis
363:
353:
342:
331:
321:
308:
307:
301:
300:
293:
281:
280:
274:
273:
257:
253:
252:
250:Enantiornithes
244:
237:
236:
231:
224:
223:
218:
211:
210:
205:
198:
197:
192:
185:
184:
179:
175:
174:
169:
165:
164:
159:
155:
154:
141:
140:
137:Zhouornis hani
131:
130:
122:
121:
113:
112:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
50:
37:
35:Bohaiornithids
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3010:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2975:
2973:
2956:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2938:
2934:
2929:
2923:
2919:
2918:
2916:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2901:
2889:
2881:
2880:
2877:
2867:
2861:
2843:
2842:
2841:Soroavisaurus
2838:
2836:
2835:
2831:
2829:
2828:
2824:
2822:
2821:
2817:
2815:
2814:
2810:
2808:
2807:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2795:
2789:
2785:
2779:
2778:
2774:
2772:
2771:
2767:
2765:
2764:
2760:
2757:
2756:
2752:
2749:
2748:
2744:
2743:
2740:
2737:
2732:
2725:
2721:
2714:
2713:
2709:
2706:
2705:
2701:
2699:
2698:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2689:
2685:
2679:
2678:
2674:
2672:
2671:
2667:
2665:
2664:
2660:
2658:
2657:
2653:
2651:
2650:
2646:
2644:
2643:
2639:
2637:
2636:
2632:
2630:
2629:
2625:
2623:
2622:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2613:
2609:
2603:
2602:
2598:
2596:
2595:
2591:
2589:
2588:
2584:
2582:
2581:
2577:
2575:
2574:
2570:
2567:
2566:
2562:
2560:
2559:
2555:
2553:
2552:
2548:
2546:
2545:
2541:
2540:
2538:
2536:
2532:
2526:
2525:
2521:
2519:
2518:
2514:
2512:
2511:
2510:Parapengornis
2507:
2505:
2504:
2500:
2498:
2497:
2493:
2492:
2490:
2488:
2484:
2478:
2477:
2473:
2471:
2470:
2469:Iberomesornis
2466:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2457:
2451:
2450:
2446:
2444:
2443:
2442:Yungavolucris
2439:
2437:
2436:
2432:
2430:
2429:
2425:
2423:
2422:
2418:
2416:
2415:
2411:
2409:
2408:
2404:
2402:
2401:
2397:
2395:
2394:
2390:
2388:
2387:
2383:
2381:
2380:
2376:
2373:
2372:
2368:
2365:
2364:
2360:
2358:
2357:
2353:
2351:
2350:
2346:
2344:
2343:
2339:
2337:
2336:
2332:
2330:
2329:
2325:
2323:
2322:
2318:
2316:
2315:
2311:
2309:
2308:
2304:
2302:
2301:
2297:
2295:
2294:
2290:
2288:
2287:
2283:
2281:
2280:
2276:
2273:
2272:
2268:
2266:
2265:
2264:Liaoningornis
2261:
2259:
2258:
2254:
2252:
2251:
2247:
2245:
2244:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2232:
2230:
2229:
2225:
2223:
2222:
2218:
2216:
2215:
2211:
2209:
2208:
2204:
2202:
2201:
2197:
2195:
2194:
2190:
2188:
2187:
2183:
2181:
2180:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2169:
2167:
2166:
2162:
2160:
2159:
2155:
2153:
2152:
2148:
2146:
2145:
2141:
2139:
2138:
2134:
2132:
2131:
2127:
2125:
2124:
2120:
2118:
2117:
2113:
2111:
2110:
2106:
2104:
2103:
2102:Eoenantiornis
2099:
2097:
2096:
2095:Eocathayornis
2092:
2090:
2089:
2085:
2083:
2082:
2078:
2076:
2075:
2071:
2069:
2068:
2064:
2062:
2061:
2057:
2055:
2054:
2050:
2048:
2047:
2046:Dalingheornis
2043:
2041:
2040:
2036:
2034:
2033:
2029:
2027:
2026:
2022:
2020:
2019:
2015:
2013:
2012:
2008:
2006:
2005:
2001:
1999:
1998:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1978:
1977:
1973:
1971:
1970:
1966:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1951:
1947:
1935:
1934:
1928:
1907:
1906:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1896:
1888:
1884:
1883:
1882:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1869:
1861:
1857:
1856:
1855:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1842:
1834:
1830:
1829:
1828:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1803:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1772:
1770:
1766:
1764:
1760:
1759:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1739:
1734:
1732:
1727:
1725:
1720:
1719:
1716:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1678:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1661:
1658:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1626:
1623:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1603:(1): 99–108.
1602:
1598:
1590:
1587:
1582:
1578:
1571:
1564:
1561:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1529:
1526:
1521:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1498:Palaeontology
1495:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1450:
1439:on 2022-01-21
1438:
1434:
1430:
1423:
1420:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1405:
1404:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1390:
1385:
1375:
1374:
1366:
1365:
1357:
1356:
1348:
1347:
1339:
1338:
1330:
1329:
1321:
1320:
1312:
1311:
1303:
1302:
1294:
1293:
1285:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1279:
1272:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1262:
1255:
1254:
1248:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1238:
1231:
1230:
1224:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1214:
1207:
1206:
1200:
1199:
1196:
1195:
1187:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1174:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1164:
1157:
1156:
1150:
1149:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1129:
1128:Eoenantiornis
1122:
1121:
1115:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1102:
1101:
1093:
1092:
1084:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1078:
1071:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1061:
1054:
1053:
1047:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1037:
1030:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1020:
1013:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1005:
1004:
1003:
996:
995:
992:
991:
988:
987:
986:
979:
978:
972:
971:
968:
967:
964:
963:
962:
955:
954:
948:
947:
941:
940:
937:
936:
933:
932:
931:
930:Eocathayornis
924:
923:
917:
916:
913:
912:
904:
903:
900:
899:
898:
891:
890:
887:
886:
883:
882:IVPP V 18631
878:
877:
871:
870:
864:
863:
860:
859:
851:
850:
842:
841:
833:
832:
829:
828:
827:
820:
819:
816:
815:
812:
811:
810:
803:
802:
796:
795:
792:
791:
788:
787:
786:
779:
778:
772:
771:
768:
767:
759:
758:
755:
754:
753:
746:
745:
742:
741:
738:
737:
736:
729:
728:
722:
721:
714:
711:
710:
704:
701:
700:
697:
696:
693:
692:
691:
690:Iberomesornis
684:
683:
680:
679:
676:
675:
674:
667:
666:
663:
662:
659:
658:
657:
650:
649:
642:
639:
638:
634:
632:
628:
624:
620:
612:
610:
608:
604:
599:
597:
593:
587:
584:
582:
578:
573:
569:
561:
559:
557:
553:
549:
548:
543:
538:
536:
535:
530:
529:
524:
520:
516:
515:
510:
509:
504:
498:
496:
492:
488:
484:
477:
476:
470:
466:
459:
457:
455:
454:
449:
448:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
416:
412:
402:
401:
394:
392:
391:
384:
382:
381:
374:
372:
371:
364:
362:
361:
354:
351:
350:
343:
340:
339:
332:
330:
329:
322:
320:
319:
312:
311:
309:
306:
302:
297:
291:
290:
282:
279:
275:
270:
264:
258:
255:
254:
251:
245:
242:
239:
238:
235:
232:
229:
226:
225:
222:
219:
216:
213:
212:
209:
206:
203:
200:
199:
196:
193:
190:
187:
186:
183:
180:
177:
176:
173:
170:
167:
166:
163:
160:
157:
156:
151:
146:
142:
139:
138:
132:
128:
123:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
48:
45:125–120
41:
33:
30:
19:
18:Bohaiornithid
2912:
2839:
2834:Neuquenornis
2832:
2825:
2818:
2811:
2804:
2793:
2775:
2768:
2761:
2753:
2745:
2730:
2710:
2702:
2695:
2675:
2668:
2661:
2654:
2649:Longusunguis
2647:
2640:
2633:
2626:
2619:
2611:
2599:
2592:
2585:
2578:
2571:
2563:
2556:
2549:
2542:
2522:
2515:
2508:
2501:
2494:
2474:
2467:
2447:
2440:
2433:
2426:
2419:
2412:
2405:
2398:
2391:
2384:
2377:
2369:
2361:
2354:
2347:
2340:
2333:
2326:
2319:
2312:
2305:
2298:
2291:
2284:
2277:
2269:
2262:
2255:
2248:
2241:
2233:
2228:Kizylkumavis
2226:
2219:
2212:
2205:
2200:Ilerdopteryx
2198:
2193:Huoshanornis
2191:
2184:
2177:
2170:
2163:
2156:
2149:
2144:Fortunguavis
2142:
2137:Fortipesavis
2135:
2128:
2121:
2114:
2107:
2100:
2093:
2086:
2079:
2072:
2067:Elektorornis
2065:
2058:
2051:
2044:
2037:
2030:
2023:
2016:
2011:Catenoleimus
2009:
2002:
1995:
1988:
1981:
1974:
1967:
1931:
1797:
1788:
1779:
1687:
1683:
1677:
1669:
1660:
1635:
1631:
1625:
1600:
1596:
1589:
1580:
1576:
1563:
1538:
1534:
1528:
1504:(1): 55–71.
1501:
1497:
1474:
1470:
1441:. Retrieved
1437:the original
1432:
1422:
1408:Fortunguavis
1407:
1403:Fortunguavis
1401:
1397:
1387:
1383:
1381:
1276:
1275:
1259:
1258:
1237:Longusunguis
1235:
1234:
1211:
1210:
1178:
1177:
1161:
1160:
1140:
1126:
1125:
1075:
1074:
1058:
1057:
1034:
1033:
1017:
1016:
1000:
999:
985:Neuquenornis
983:
982:
959:
958:
928:
927:
895:
894:
881:
824:
823:
807:
806:
783:
782:
750:
749:
733:
732:
688:
687:
671:
670:
654:
653:
626:
622:
616:
600:
588:
585:
580:
567:
565:
562:Paleoecology
545:
539:
532:
526:
512:
506:
499:
480:
473:
463:
451:
445:
442:type species
410:
409:
398:
388:
378:
368:
360:Longusunguis
358:
347:
338:Fortunguavis
336:
326:
316:
295:
287:
278:Type species
268:
262:
240:
227:
214:
201:
188:
135:
29:
2788:Avisauridae
2747:Bauxitornis
2724:Avisauridae
2663:Shenqiornis
2635:Gretcheniao
2594:Shanweiniao
2573:Longipteryx
2524:Yuanchuavis
2503:Eopengornis
2496:Chiappeavis
2476:Noguerornis
2386:Pterygornis
2379:Protopteryx
2328:Orienantius
2271:Liaoxiornis
2165:Gracilornis
2158:Grabauornis
2130:Flexomornis
2116:Falcatakely
2109:Explorornis
2081:Enantiornis
2060:Elbretornis
2018:Cathayornis
1887:Maniraptora
1872:Maniraptora
1672:33(1):1-12.
1638:: 178–195.
1541:(5): 1176.
1477:(1): 31-76.
1163:Shenqiornis
961:Cathayornis
785:Shanweiniao
752:Longipteryx
656:Protopteryx
607:piscivorous
572:gastroliths
460:Description
380:Shenqiornis
2972:Categories
2777:Mystiornis
2770:Halimornis
2697:Gobipteryx
2642:Linyiornis
2628:Bohaiornis
2621:Beiguornis
2421:Xiangornis
2363:Platanavis
2286:Martinavis
2257:Lenesornis
2214:Incolornis
2123:Feitianius
2088:Eoalulavis
2053:Dunhuangia
1908:see below↓
1784:Dinosauria
1775:Sauropsida
1583:(1): 1–16.
1443:2022-01-21
1414:References
1398:Linyiornis
1389:Linyiornis
1278:Bohaiornis
1036:Eoalulavis
1002:Gobipteryx
581:Bohaiornis
568:Bohaiornis
556:iridescent
534:Xiangornis
514:Bohaiornis
495:pygostyles
349:Linyiornis
328:Bohaiornis
318:Beiguornis
208:Saurischia
195:Dinosauria
2928:Q15644506
2820:Intiornis
2806:Avisaurus
2755:Concornis
2712:Vescornis
2677:Zhouornis
2587:Rapaxavis
2565:Evgenavis
2544:Boluochia
2517:Pengornis
2428:Yatenavis
2407:Shangyang
2371:Praeornis
2335:Otogornis
2321:Nanantius
2314:Musivavis
2300:Mirusavis
2235:Kuszholia
2207:Imparavis
2172:Gurilynia
2151:Gobipipus
2025:Cratoavis
1983:Alexornis
1969:Abavornis
1860:Theropoda
1845:Theropoda
1793:Theropoda
1761:Kingdom:
1652:133781513
1520:1475-4983
1382:The Wang
1213:Zhouornis
1060:Concornis
1019:Vescornis
897:Pengornis
826:Rapaxavis
735:Boluochia
619:cladogram
577:pinnipeds
558:in life.
528:Pengornis
508:Zhouornis
418:dinosaurs
400:Zhouornis
221:Theropoda
168:Kingdom:
162:Eukaryota
2942:52571629
2922:Wikidata
2888:Category
2704:Jibeinia
2670:Sulcavis
2414:Sinornis
2393:Qiliania
2349:Parvavis
2250:Lectavis
2221:Junornis
2186:Houornis
2179:Holbotia
2074:Elsornis
1769:Chordata
1767:Phylum:
1763:Animalia
1704:85807045
1617:85084225
1555:84677039
1394:polytomy
1180:Sulcavis
1077:Qiliania
673:Elsornis
596:Perninae
542:feathers
491:scapulae
390:Sulcavis
256:Family:
182:Chordata
178:Phylum:
172:Animalia
158:Domain:
2827:Mirarce
2813:Gettyia
2449:Yuornis
2400:Sazavis
1990:Avimaia
1773:Class:
1143:
715:
643:
631:avialan
603:ospreys
592:raptors
487:furcula
483:sternum
234:Avialae
114:↓
2955:288067
1702:
1650:
1615:
1553:
1518:
1384:et al.
627:et al.
623:et al.
519:pigeon
450:, and
438:Aptian
305:Genera
298:, 2011
296:et al.
271:, 2014
269:et al.
2794:sensu
2731:sensu
1798:Clade
1789:Clade
1780:Clade
1700:S2CID
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