1780:
2123:. The Bohemian Germans' property was confiscated by the Czech authorities, and according to contemporary estimates, amounted to a third of the Czechoslovak national income. Germans who were valued for their skills were allowed to stay to pass on their knowledge to the Czech migrants. The expulsion severely depopulated the area and from then on, locales were referred to in only their Czech equivalents regardless of their previous demographic makeup. The resettlement of the formerly German-settled areas allowed many poorer people to acquire property, thus "equalizing" Czechoslovak society.
2485:
3235:...should be modern Saxony, where remnants of Serbs (Sorbs) are still living. The name 'Boiki' has been much disputed over by specialists ... has proved that the 'place called Boiki' can only be Bohemia. Grégoire (L'Origine, 98) rejects Skok's proposal to read 'Boioi', and suggests 'Boimi'. C.'s account contains one serious inexactitude: namely, the statement that the Serbs lived 'in a place called by them Boiki'. Although we have documentary proof of the existence of Croats in Bohemia, we have none to suggest that Serbs lived there. Bohemia was in fact another neighbor of White Serbia
982:
180:
4028:
3993:
98:
116:
1661:
1933:
1534:
3203:
very unlikely, however, because the location is too far east for the Serbs, nor has any indication been found that the name of the Boikos was ever in such wide usage. So all we are left with to suggest the existence of a Rus' Croatia in the
Carpathians is the Primary Chronicle ... Published by H. Jireiek, the Karten zur Geschichte (1897) also show the 'Boiki' on the Dnister (map 4). It is more likely that Boiki is a distorted variant of the name Boiohem, or Bohemia, as most scholars now believe...
1420:
4064:
123:
197:
2506:
4039:
4014:
105:
1819:
1959:. Czech political leaders however claimed the entire Bohemian lands, including majority German-speaking areas, for Czechoslovakia. By the end of October, bilingual towns had been occupied by Czech forces. By end of November, many purely German-speaking towns had been occupied. German or Austrian troops, bound by the cease-fire agreement, did not support Bohemian German self-defense, while the Czechoslovak army, having status of an
2143:
1287:
3450:: "Die Ausweitung des Konfliktes zum förmlichen Krieg zwischen Deutschösterreich und der Tschechoslowakei war jedoch mit den gesamtsataatlichen Zielen unvereinbar. Deutschösterreich unterstand den Bedingungen des Wafenstillstandes, während andereseits die Tschehslowakei zu den verbündeten Siegersaaten zählte und daher ihre Armee als Ententeheer laut Waffenstilland Beweungsfreiheit in ganz Österreich-Ungarn genoss
168:
4079:
212:
4053:
1008:
1925:
2326:
3434:: "Schon am 30. Oktober 1918 erreichten den Statsrat erste Meldungen über die teschcische und südslawische Besetzung zweisprachiger Orte entlang der Sprachgrenze. Kaum war der Entschluß zu den Provinzgründungen publik, da begann die tschechische Besetzung von mehrheitlich- oder ausschließlich-deutschen Orten an der Peripherie des deutschen Anspruchsgebiets"
3418:: "Czech political leaders claimed the entire Bohemian crown lands, including majority German-speaking areas, for Czechoslovakia. In the nineteenth century, Czech nationalist activists had used Bohemia’s historical status as an independent kingdom to argue for Bohemian states rights (Staatsrecht/státní pravo) within the Habsburg Empire"
1912:, ostensibly creating equality between the Austrian and Hungarian halves of the empire. An attempt by the Czechs to create a tripartite monarchy (Austria-Hungary-Bohemia) failed in 1871. The "state-rights program" remained the official platform of all Czech political parties (except for social democrats) until 1918.
1901:) became the official political program of both Czech liberal politicians and the majority of Bohemian aristocracy ("state rights program"), while parties representing the German minority and small part of the aristocracy proclaimed their loyalty to the centralist Constitution (so-called "Verfassungstreue").
1814:
In the so-called "renewed constitution" of 1627, German was established as a second official language in the Czech lands. Czech formally remained the first language in the kingdom, but both German and Latin were widely spoken among the ruling classes, although German became increasingly dominant, and
1271:
sharply declined, as it did in
Bavaria. The influence of the central Fraganeo-Czechs grew, as a result of the important cultic center in their territory. They were Slavic-speaking, thus contributed to the transformation of diverse neighboring populations into a new nation named and led by them with a
3202:
The second detail in
Constantine's account, which supposedly points to the eastern Carpathians, is his reference to a 'place called Boiki (Boiki)' on the border with the White Serbs; for a long time this was considered – and some consider it still – to be a reference to the Ukrainian Boikos. That is
1775:
of Prague, were executed on the Prague's Old Town Square on 21 June 1621, and the rest were exiled from the country; their lands were then given to
Catholic loyalists (mostly of Bavarian and Saxon origin). That ended the pro-reformation movement in Bohemia and also ended the role of Prague as ruling
2185:
provided for higher administrative units to be established, providing for the possibility of
Bohemia as an administrative unit, but did not specify the form they would take. A constitutional act in 1997 rejected the restoration of self-governing historical Czech lands, and decided for the regional
1915:
Under the state-rights program, appealing to the stability of
Bohemia's borders over many centuries, the Czech emancipation movement claimed the right to the whole of the Bohemian lands over the Germans' right to the lands, amounting to a third of Bohemia, where they formed the majority.
2305:
cities, which were also under
Bohemian rule, and had closer economic interests with those cities since. Žitava was not formally annexed from Bohemia to Upper Lusatia, however, it shared the history of Upper Lusatia since, and was annexed from the Kingdom of Bohemia by the
2115:, Soviet and Romanian troops captured the region, which was then restored to Czechoslovakia. After the war ended in 1945, after initial plans to cede lands to Germany or to create German-speaking cantons had been abandoned, the vast majority of the Bohemian Germans were
2244:
regions. In addition to their use in the names of the regions, the historical land names remain in use in names of municipalities, cadastral areas, railway stations or geographical names. The distinction and border between the Czech lands is also preserved in
1565:
prior to the journey. Hus was invited to attend the council to defend himself and the Czech positions in the religious court, but with the emperor's approval, he was executed on 6 July 1415. The execution of Hus, as well as five consecutive papal
1137:, after they had suffered defeat to Roman forces in Germany. He took advantage of the natural defenses provided by its mountains and forests. They were able to maintain a strong alliance with neighboring tribes, including (at different times) the
1636:
was elected to ascend to the
Bohemian throne. He is remembered for his attempt to set up a pan-European "Christian League", which would form all the states of Europe into a community based on religion. In the process of negotiating, he appointed
1581:
of
Trocnov. As the leader of the Hussite armies, he used innovative tactics and weapons, such as howitzers, pistols, and fortified wagons, which were revolutionary for the time, and established Žižka as a great general who never lost a battle.
1841:
movement, in cooperation with part of the
Bohemian aristocracy, started a campaign for restoration of the kingdom's historic rights, whereby Czech was to regain its historical role and replace German as the language of administration. The
1116:
into southern France, which was one of the events leading to the interventions of Julius Caesar's Gaulish campaign of 58 BC. The emigration of the Helvetii and Boii left southern Germany and Bohemia a lightly inhabited "desert" into which
2153:
In February 1948, the non-communist members of the government resigned in protest against arbitrary measures by the communists and their Soviet protectors in many of the state's institutions. Gottwald and the communists responded with a
1226:
ones. These are precursors of today's Czechs, but the exact amount of Slavic immigration is a subject of debate. The Slavic influx was divided into two or three waves. The first wave came from the southeast and east, when the Germanic
2321:
In 1945, some 4000 Czechs were registered in Zittau, and formed a Czech National Committee. The Czechs made an attempt to reintegrate the city with Bohemia, and thus Czechoslovakia, but the efforts were decisively rejected in 1948.
3693:
2158:
and installed a pro-Soviet authoritarian state. In 1949, Bohemia ceased to be an administrative unit of Czechoslovakia, as the country was divided into administrative regions that did not follow the historical borders.
1306:(r. 870–894). After Svatopluk's death Great Moravia was weakened by years of internal conflict and constant warfare, ultimately collapsing and fragmenting because of the continual incursions of the invading nomadic
1589:
took over the command for the army, and under his lead the Hussites were victorious for another ten years, to the sheer terror of Europe. The Hussite cause gradually splintered into two main factions, the moderate
1121:
peoples arrived, speaking Germanic languages, and became dominant over remaining Celtic groups. To the south, over the Danube, the Romans extended their empire, and to the southeast, in present-day Hungary, were
1641:
to tour the European courts and to conduct the talks. However, the negotiations were not completed because George's position was substantially damaged over time by his deteriorating relationship with the Pope.
3982:
1252:
1485:
From the 13th century on, settlements of Germans developed throughout Bohemia, making Bohemia a bilingual country. The German settlers particularly brought mining technology to the mountainous regions of the
1180:). Many Suebic tribes from the Bohemian region took part in such movements westwards, even settling as far away as Spain and Portugal. With them were also tribes who had pushed from the east, such as the
418:
3428:
Hans Mommsen; Dušan Kováč; Jiří Malíř, eds. (2001). "Im Widerstreit der Selbstbestimmungsansprüche: Vom Habsburgerstaat zur Tschechoslowakei - die Deutschen der böhmischen Länder 1918 bis 1919".
2088:
Any open opposition to German occupation was brutally suppressed by the Nazi authorities, and many Czech patriots were executed as a result. In 1942, the Czechoslovak resistance carried out the
3444:
Hans Mommsen; Dušan Kováč; Jiří Malíř, eds. (2001). "Im Widerstreit der Selbstbestimmungsansprüche: vom Habsburgerstaat zur Tschechoslowakei–die Deutschen der böhmischen Länder 1918 bis 1919".
2116:
1858:, many Czech nationalists called for autonomy for Bohemia from Habsburg Austria, but the revolutionaries were defeated. At the same time, German-speaking towns elected representatives for the
1655:
1651:
397:
756:
Bohemia had an area of 52,065 km (20,102 sq mi), and today is home to about 6.9 million of the Czech Republic's 10.9 million inhabitants. Bohemia was bordered in the south by
534:
until the end of World War II, after which Bohemia became part of the restored Czechoslovakia. In 1969, the Czech lands (including Bohemia) were given autonomy within Czechoslovakia as the
3087:
3076:
3690:
3975:
3665:
2997:
557:), which do not follow the borders of the historical Czech lands (or the regions from the 1960 and 2000 reforms). However, the three lands are mentioned in the preamble of the
1701:
Bohemia enjoyed religious freedom between 1436 and 1620 and became one of the most liberal countries of the Christian world during that period. In 1609, Holy Roman Emperor
2078:
4151:
3968:
2979:
3466::"By mid-December, the borderlands were firmly under Czechoslovak control. A Czechoslovak state with the historic borders of the Bohemian crown was a fait accomplit"
2968:
2890:
196:
3148:
2836:
2112:
4063:
2194:
at the time, remained one of the main advocates of the land system, claiming that the primary reason for its refusal was the fear of possible Moravian separatism.
2191:
1882:
elected conservative representatives. The old Bohemian Diet, one of the last remnants of the independence, was dissolved, although Czech experienced a rebirth as
2422:", the area should go over to Czechoslovakia instead of being assigned to Poland, as no relevant Polish minority lived in the area. Pressure brought on by the
857:. Afterward, many of the Boii retreated north across the Alps. Much later Roman authors refer to the area they had once occupied (the "desert of the Boii" as
2050:
1752:
Protestant, was elected by the Bohemian nobility to replace Ferdinand on the Bohemian throne and was known as the Winter King. Frederick's wife, the popular
4038:
4013:
3719:, List of railway stations, České dráhy (Czech railways) – search for "v Čechách" (17×), "na Moravě" (15×), "Český", "České", "Moravský", "Moravské", etc.
2085:, in which men and women, mostly Polish and Jewish, but also Czechs, Russians, and other people, were similarly imprisoned and subjected to forced labor.
1281:
504:
3014:
1855:
1411:
in 1241. Germans settled primarily along the northern, western, and southern borders of Bohemia, although many lived in towns throughout the kingdom.
2404:
4146:
3329:
3480:(in Czech). Paris Karviná in association with the Masaryk Democratic Movement, Prague. pp. 111–112, 124–125, 128, 129, 132, 140–148, 184–209.
1239:'s tribal confederation. His death marked the end of the old "Slavonic" confederation, the second attempt to establish such a Slavonic union after
2054:
1384:
1450:
His reign brought Bohemia to its peak both politically and in total area, resulting in his being the first king of Bohemia to also be elected as
1372:
of the Holy Roman Empire, with the promise that he hold it as a vassal once he reoccupied Prague with a German army in 1004, ending the rule of
4027:
1854:, who introduced minor language concessions, showed promise for the Czech movement, but many of these reforms were later rescinded. During the
1325:. The alliance was facilitated by Bohemia's conversion to Christianity, in the 9th century. Continuing close relations were developed with the
179:
3084:
3073:
2915:
2002:, Czechoslovakia became a liberal democratic republic, but serious issues emerged regarding the Czech majority's relationship with the native
3933:
3916:
3901:
3731:
3510:
3485:
3183:
2070:
1757:
1264:
means "people of-"). Christianity first appeared in the early 9th century, but became dominant only much later, in the 10th or 11th century.
3311:
Wielu spośród nich osiedlili królowie węgierscy u zachodnich granic swego królestwa; morze Ciemne = Bałtyk; Boiki = Bohemia, czyli Czechy...
2435:
1112:
known to the Romans for their migrations and settlement in northern Italy and other places. Another part of the nation moved west with the
3673:
3280:
These, he says, descended from the unbaptized Serbs who were also called "white" and lived in a place called by them "Boiki" (Bohemia)...
2031:
1909:
531:
2994:
2182:
2097:
2089:
2062:
558:
3107:
2938:
1834:
and the centralization of rule, which essentially meant the merging of the Royal Bohemian Chancellery with the Austrian Chancellery.
3879:
3362:
3261:
3142:
3061:
1431:
accepted the invitation to the Bohemian throne with the marriage to the Přemyslid heiress, Elizabeth and the crowning subsequent of
1091:
372:
97:
2066:
1256:, Bavaria, 800–850) divide the population of Bohemia into the Merehani, Marharaii, Beheimare (Bohemani), and Fraganeo. (The suffix
3929:
2030:, a puppet state of Nazi Germany. From 1939 to 1945, Bohemia (without the Sudetenland), together with Moravia, formed the German
1898:
1725:
1407:. The mid-13th century had the beginning of substantial German immigration, as the court sought to replace losses from the brief
1321:
The Přemyslids secured their frontiers after the collapse of the Moravian state by entering into a state of semivassalage to the
3960:
2410:
The last attempt occurred in May 1945, when Czechoslovakia tried to annex the area. The Czechs argued that because of the small
2027:
3642:
Wołek, Karol (2020). "The liberation of the German concentration camp in Holýšov, Czech Republic, by the Polish Armed Forces".
1691:
1683:
1779:
1638:
115:
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1851:
1440:
1029:
3333:
3298:
3267:
3222:
3189:
2426:
led to a ceasing of military operations, with the Czech minority being expelled to Germany and Czechoslovakia. According to
1974:
As a result, the totality of Bohemia (as the largest and most populous land) became the core of the newly formed country of
104:
3830:
1360:. Bohemia would remain a largely autonomous state under the Holy Roman Empire for several decades. The jurisdiction of the
981:
2965:
2310:
in 1635. The coat of arms of Zittau is a remnant of the city's ties to both Bohemia and Lower Silesia, as it contains the
2225:
2101:
1847:
1741:
1702:
1562:
202:
511:, defying claims of the German-speaking inhabitants that regions with German-speaking majority should be included in the
211:
4141:
1745:
1721:
1444:
1369:
1349:
850:
527:
325:
2827:
2484:
2026:. The remnants of Bohemia and Moravia were then annexed by Germany in 1939, while the Slovak lands became the separate
3866:
2755:
1311:
1072:
453:
3712:
2222:
2214:
1044:
3947:
3751:
Metzig, Gregor M. (2010). "Sigismund I. und der Oberlausitzer Sechsstädtebund in den Hussitenkriegen (1419–1437)".
2770:
2765:
2108:
1956:
1208:
972:
828:
512:
2061:
POWs, and the Ilag IV camp for interned civilians from western Allied countries in the region. There were also 17
1018:
2787:
2776:
1408:
1322:
976:
854:
543:
457:
122:
4078:
2441:
Capitalizing on interest regarding the Kladsko area in the Czech national psyche, a special tourist area in the
3036:
2811:
1764:
1756:
and subsequently, Elizabeth of Bohemia, known as the Winter Queen or Queen of Hearts, was the daughter of King
1660:
1365:
1051:
1025:
936:
535:
411:
225:
31:
2782:
1932:
1625:, declaring peace and freedom between Catholics and Utraquists. It lasted for only a short period of time, as
553:). Since then, administrative reforms have replaced self-governing lands with a modified system of "regions" (
3557:
1617:
Despite an apparent victory for the Catholics, the Bohemian Utraquists were still strong enough to negotiate
2202:
1533:
1380:
1373:
888:
184:
1525:
of Charles University and a prominent reformer and religious thinker, influenced the rise of modern Czech.
2058:
1894:
1843:
1838:
1633:
424:
71:
1058:
4052:
2431:
2294:
2241:
2233:
2042:
1960:
1396:
1154:
304:
3375:
Arnold Suppan (2008). ""Germans" in the Austrian Empire and in the Monarchy". In Ingrao; Szabo (eds.).
1419:
879:
28 (written at the end of the first century AD), and later mentions of the same name are in Strabo and
796:(also part of the Czech Republic). Bohemia's borders were mostly marked by mountain ranges such as the
2807:
1517:, influencing the foundations of modern standard German. At the same time and place, the teachings of
167:
2571:
2307:
1883:
1859:
1753:
1737:
1671:
1550:
1392:
1315:
1291:
1244:
314:
4097:
2505:
1040:
3871:
3617:
3169:
2912:
2210:
2018:
in 1938, the border regions of Bohemia historically inhabited predominantly by ethnic Germans (the
1995:
1905:
1687:
1618:
1514:
1428:
880:
3728:
3505:. Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. pp. 128, 362, 417, 565.
3503:
The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV
3178:. Translated by Marta Skorupsky. Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies Press. pp. 161–162.
3028:
1999:
1222:
tribes arrived from the east, and their language began to replace the older Germanic, Celtic, and
2517:
2388:
1890:
1784:
1772:
1451:
1345:
1330:
1199:, is from the fourth century, and she was thought to have lived in or near Pannonia. The Suebian
816:
484:
3529:
3399:
Als die Deutschen weg waren Was nach der Vertreibung geschah: Ostpreußen, Sudetenland, Schlesien
2442:
2237:
1614:
in 1434. Sigismund said after the battle that "only the Bohemians could defeat the Bohemians."
1344:
After a decisive victory of the Holy Roman Empire and Bohemia over invading Magyars in the 955
3912:
3897:
3875:
3760:
3647:
3506:
3481:
3358:
3257:
3179:
3138:
3057:
2884:
2744:
2538:
2470:
2415:
2392:
2342:
2198:
2171:
2167:
2120:
1831:
1801:
1706:
1695:
1622:
1522:
1432:
1361:
1338:
492:
488:
445:
437:
288:
3462:
Changing Places: Society, Culture, and Territory in the Saxon-Bohemian Borderlands, 1870-1946
3414:
Changing Places: Society, Culture, and Territory in the Saxon-Bohemian Borderlands, 1870-1946
3130:
1889:
In 1861, a new elected Bohemian Diet was established. The renewal of the old Bohemian Crown (
1694:
of Austria became the new king of Bohemia, and the country became a constituent state of the
4136:
2458:
2229:
2163:
2136:
2015:
1611:
1586:
1561:. The verdict was passed despite the fact that Hus was granted formal protection by Emperor
1215:
990:
926:
476:
432:
340:
2934:
2617:
1610:
and yearning for order, the Utraquists were able to eventually defeat the Taborites in the
3735:
3716:
3697:
3247:
3103:
3091:
3080:
3001:
2983:
2972:
2919:
2831:
2760:
2726:
2712:
2698:
2678:
2663:
2649:
2635:
2621:
2607:
2589:
2575:
2556:
2542:
2528:
2298:
2093:
2003:
1952:
1827:
1733:
1606:
and found the more radical views of the Taborites distasteful. Additionally, with general
1603:
1162:
930:
875:
858:
805:
797:
496:
403:
172:
2493:
2396:
2380:
2206:
1578:
549:
Until 1948, Bohemia was an administrative unit of Czechoslovakia as one of its "lands" (
3992:
2850:
2474:
2462:
2454:
2446:
2400:
2360:
2352:
2266:
2246:
2218:
2178:
2142:
1975:
1964:
1455:
1357:
1219:
1109:
838:
539:
508:
449:
390:
382:
230:
217:
57:
4130:
4071:
2976:
2384:
2376:
2372:
2311:
2302:
2290:
2074:
1987:
1983:
1709:
at the time, himself a Roman Catholic, was moved by the Bohemian nobility to publish
1666:
1607:
1506:
1471:
1467:
1310:. Bohemia's initial incorporation into the Moravian Empire resulted in the extensive
1299:
1065:
801:
761:
757:
480:
465:
1818:
1286:
1195:. The last known mention of the Kingdom of the Marcomanni, concerning a queen named
1172:, two new Suebic groupings appeared to the west of Bohemia in southern Germany, the
3430:
Der Erste Weltkrieg und die Beziehungen zwischen Tschechen, Slowaken, und Deutschen
2423:
2419:
2187:
2147:
2038:
2023:
1863:
1768:
1626:
1571:
1510:
1334:
1326:
1161:
and sometimes in conflict with it; for example, in the second century, they fought
1158:
956:
946:
834:
516:
237:
152:
3446:
Der Erste Weltkrieg und die Beziehungen zwischen Tschechen, Slowaken und Deutschen
2552:
137:
3346:
Serbów balkañskich znajdowala siç w kraju zwanym u nich Boiki (Bohemia=Czechy)...
3323:
3292:
3251:
3216:
3173:
2119:
by the order of the re-established Czechoslovak central government, based on the
2104:
in Saxony and Silesia, and Allied POWs from camps in Austria reached the region.
1494:), famous coins called Joachimsthalers were coined, which gave their name to the
3997:
3942:
3838:
2750:
2694:
2315:
2286:
2057:, British, Belgian, Serbian, Dutch, Slovak, Soviet, Romanian, Italian and other
2046:
2019:
1948:
1491:
1314:. A native monarchy arose to the throne, and Bohemia came under the rule of the
1303:
1268:
1169:
1007:
520:
500:
82:
3803:
1924:
3221:. Pázmány Péter Tudományegyetemi Görög Filoĺ́ogiai Intézet. pp. 130–131.
2585:
2524:
2489:
2445:
has been designated as the Kladsko Borderland Tourist Area (tourism district;
2348:
2325:
1830:
approved administrative reform in 1749. It included the indivisibility of the
1729:
1599:
1479:
1399:(king from 1253 to 1278) conquered a short-lived empire that contained modern
1240:
1223:
1204:
1200:
1146:
1130:
17:
4112:
4099:
3764:
3651:
2293:
in 1319–1346). Žitava was a Bohemian royal city, granted city rights by King
1826:
The formal independence of Bohemia was further jeopardized when the Bohemian
1218:, Bohemia was partially repopulated around the sixth century, and eventually
3938:
2427:
2092:, and in reprisal German forces murdered the population of a whole village,
1749:
1591:
1538:
1475:
1177:
1134:
295:
3691:
Dnešním politikům chybí odvaha, tvrdí Petr Pithart. Z uprchlíků strach nemá
2824:
2599:
1963:
army, could freely operate. The absorption of the German-speaking areas in
1570:
against followers of Hus, forced the Bohemians to defend themselves in the
3954:
3709:
3175:
History of Ukraine-Rus'. Volume 1: From Prehistory to the Eleventh Century
2371:
was culturally and traditionally a part of Bohemia but was also a part of
2181:
in 1993, the territory of Bohemia remained in the Czech Republic. The new
2166:
became the first saint from a Central European country to be canonized by
2722:
2708:
2689:
2659:
2139:, the communist leader, became prime minister of a coalition government.
2132:
1991:
1955:
demanded that the regions with German-speaking majority be included in a
1595:
1567:
1542:
1404:
1379:
The first to use the title of "King of Bohemia" were the Přemyslid dukes
1228:
1196:
1192:
1173:
1150:
1113:
561:: "We, citizens of the Czech Republic in Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia..."
142:
3582:
2853:
between adjectives referring to Bohemia and to the Czech Republic; i.e.
4045:
2566:
2399:
River was the focus of several attempts to reincorporate the area into
2274:
1979:
1875:
1867:
1554:
1518:
1487:
1463:
1459:
1400:
1353:
1318:, which would rule the Czech lands for the next several hundred years.
1307:
1235:
568 AD). Soon after, from the 630s to 660s, the territory was taken by
1181:
1123:
1032: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
986:
922:
870:
793:
789:
781:
773:
769:
765:
461:
283:
452:. Bohemia can also refer to a wider area consisting of the historical
2674:
2645:
2603:
2411:
2368:
2330:
2282:
2262:
2100:
of prisoners of several subcamps of the Flossenbürg, Gross-Rosen and
1558:
1499:
1495:
960:
862:
813:
785:
777:
321:
300:
242:
147:
2131:
The Communist Party won the most votes in free elections, but not a
1577:
The uprising against imperial forces was led by a former mercenary,
3945:
discussion with Norman Davies, Karin Friedrich and Robert Pynsent (
3789:(in German). Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel. p. 546–547, 643.
3172:(1997) . Andrzej Poppe; Frank E. Sysyn; Uliana M. Pasiczny (eds.).
2077:
and of several other ethnicities, were imprisoned and subjected to
2631:
2509:
Lands of the Bohemian Crown (until 1635), map by Josef Pekař, 1921
2504:
2483:
2324:
2141:
1931:
1923:
1879:
1817:
1778:
1675:
1659:
1532:
1418:
1285:
1253:
Descriptio civitatum et regionum ad septentrionalem plagam Danubii
1185:
1142:
1138:
1118:
980:
963:, who settled in the area during the sixth or seventh century AD.
953:
842:
3501:
Megargee, Geoffrey P.; Overmans, Rüdiger; Vogt, Wolfgang (2022).
2513:
1871:
1388:
1236:
1105:
846:
809:
578:
3964:
1001:
515:. Between 1938 and 1945, these border regions were annexed to
355:
3583:"Buchenwald war überall - Projekt »Netzwerk der Außenlager«"
573:
2201:, and its administration is divided between Prague and the
1267:
The 9th century was crucial for the future of Bohemia. The
364:
361:
346:
3700:, Lidovky.cz, 17 October 2015, interview with Petr Pithart
1728:(later Holy Roman Emperor) began oppressing the rights of
3646:(in Polish). Vol. 2, no. 13. pp. 117–118.
3831:"Story Landscape – Kladsko Borderland, Glatz Borderlan"
3738:(Geomorphologic areas of the Czech Republic), KČT Tábor
3135:
The Baiuvarii and Thuringi: An ethnographic Perspective
3017:(in Czech). Czech Statistical Office. 21 December 2015.
2073:, Soviet and Jewish, but also French, Yugoslav, Czech,
952:
The Czech name "Čechy" is derived from the name of the
1928:
Bohemia (westernmost area) in Czechoslovakia 1918–1938
1656:
History of the Lands of the Bohemian Crown (1648–1867)
1652:
History of the Lands of the Bohemian Crown (1526–1648)
1602:
began to lay the groundwork for an agreement with the
1447:, Central Europe's first university, two years later.
1368:
was granted fief of the Kingdom of Bohemia by Emperor
1104:
Bohemia, like neighboring Bavaria, is named after the
1387:(1158), but their heirs would return to the title of
1298:
Bohemia was made a part of the early Slavic state of
985:
An 1892 map showing Bohemia proper outlined in pink,
468:, in which case the smaller region is referred to as
373:
3048:
3046:
2960:
2958:
2956:
1482:, and several small towns scattered around Germany.
1207:, via the Elbe and Pannonia to Italy, recorded in a
343:
3787:
Geschichte des Oberlausitzer Adels und seiner Güter
3015:"Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869–2011"
2190:, former Czech prime minister and president of the
1767:in 1620, 27 Bohemian estates leaders together with
808:; the Bohemian-Moravian border roughly follows the
358:
352:
349:
311:
294:
282:
274:
266:
261:
253:
248:
236:
224:
63:
44:
3357:Petr Charvát: "Zrod Českého státu" , March 2007,
3004:, 1/1993 Sb. (Constitution of the Czech Republic)
2874:The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001–05
883:. The name appears to consist of the tribal name
542:, which became a separate state in 1993 with the
3892:Panek, Jaroslav; Tuma, Oldrich (2nd ed., 2019).
3297:. Państwowe Wydawn. Naukowe. 1999. p. 163.
1490:. In the mining town of Sankt Joachimsthal (now
1133:and other Suebic groups were led by their king,
3887:Bohemia and Moravia: An Architectural Companion
2808:"Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2024"
1157:, which was sometimes partly controlled by the
921:was apparently isolated to the area where King
3397:von Arburg, Adrian. "Abschied und Neubeginn".
1176:(in the Helvetian desert), and the Bavarians (
3976:
2966:Krajské uspořádání? Vadí i po čtrnácti letech
2391:in 1763. Referred to as "Little Prague", the
1815:Czech was spoken in much of the countryside.
1629:declared the compacts to be invalid in 1462.
1443:, became King of Bohemia in 1346. He founded
8:
3464:. University of Michigan Press. p. 103.
3416:. University of Michigan Press. p. 100.
2889:. The Macmillan Company. 1902. p. 331.
2837:Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary
2414:minority present in the western part of the
1908:in 1866, Hungarian politicians achieved the
1557:was sentenced to be burnt at the stake as a
1391:. The title of king became hereditary under
564:
526:The remainder of Czech territory became the
201:Bohemia (green) overlapped with the current
1998:into one state. Under its first president,
1936:Linguistic map of interwar Czechoslovakia (
1705:, who made Prague again the capital of the
1203:, who moved over many generations from the
934:
49:
4006:
3983:
3969:
3961:
1423:The coat of arms of the Kingdom of Bohemia
1282:History of Bohemia in the High Middle Ages
563:
41:
3955:Travel Destinations and Sights in Bohemia
3753:Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung
3685:
3683:
3392:
3390:
3388:
3386:
2496:, which is referred to as "Little Prague"
1092:Learn how and when to remove this message
4152:Historical regions in the Czech Republic
3054:The Celts: Origins, Myth, and Inventions
3029:"Results of the 2021 Census - Open data"
2285:were initially a part of Bohemia in the
2186:system that has been in use since 2000.
1793:in 1618 with other Bohemian Crown lands
1621:in 1436. That happened in the so-called
507:, the whole of Bohemia became a part of
3379:. Purdue University Press. p. 156.
2799:
1191:Other groups pushed southwards towards
538:. In 1990, the name was changed to the
483:, later an independent principality, a
293:
281:
260:
257:52,065 km (20,102 sq mi)
247:
235:
223:
193:
161:
88:
27:Historical region in the Czech Republic
3909:The Coasts of Bohemia: A Czech History
3798:
3796:
3746:
3744:
2929:
2927:
2069:, in which both men and women, mostly
1272:united "slavic" ethnic consciousness.
1168:In late classical times and the early
849:. The Romans defeated the Boii at the
431:
3780:
3778:
3776:
3774:
3552:
3550:
3524:
3522:
3330:Poznań Society of Friends of Learning
1870:chose leftist representatives, while
1758:James I of England and VI of Scotland
1537:The radical Hussites became known as
788:, respectively), in the northeast by
530:and was subsequently occupied as the
410:
389:
310:
273:
265:
252:
208:
7:
3930:Province of Bohemia official website
3137:, Boydell & Brewer, p. 18,
2436:Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Prague
2405:Polish–Czechoslovak border conflicts
1860:first German Parliament at Frankfurt
1837:At the end of the 18th century, the
1030:adding citations to reliable sources
925:'s kingdom was centered, within the
841:with various peoples, including the
3336:from the original on 3 October 2023
3301:from the original on 3 October 2023
3270:from the original on 3 October 2023
3225:from the original on 3 October 2023
3192:from the original on 3 October 2023
3151:from the original on 3 October 2023
2893:from the original on 3 October 2023
2501:Historical administrative divisions
2297:in 1255. In 1346, it co-formed the
2032:Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
1910:Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867
1904:After the defeat of Austria in the
1129:In the area of modern Bohemia, the
532:Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
3110:from the original on 18 April 2003
2183:Constitution of the Czech Republic
2090:assassination of Reinhard Heydrich
2010:German occupation and World War II
1312:Christianization of the population
559:Constitution of the Czech Republic
25:
3256:. Adolf M. Hakkert. p. 326.
2941:from the original on 20 June 2012
2453:). The area, entirely within the
2418:, which was called the region's "
1458:controlled such diverse lands as
1364:was definitively reasserted when
491:, and subsequently a part of the
444:) is the westernmost and largest
39:Historical land in Czech Republic
4077:
4062:
4051:
4037:
4026:
4012:
3991:
3607:Megargee; Overmans; Vogt, p. 274
3253:Byzantium in the seventh century
2451:turistická oblast Kladské pomezí
2434:, the area remained part of the
1899:Duchy of Upper and Lower Silesia
1763:After Frederick's defeat in the
1435:(in the Czech Republic known as
1006:
837:were competing for dominance in
792:(in Poland), and in the east by
339:
210:
195:
178:
166:
121:
114:
103:
96:
4147:Geography of the Czech Republic
3562:Gross-Rosen Museum in Rogoźnica
3131:"The Boii, Bavaria and Bohemia"
1776:city of the Holy Roman Empire.
1684:Louis II of Hungary and Bohemia
1017:needs additional citations for
911:), indicating a Proto-Germanic
3911:. Princeton University Press.
2301:along with five most dominant
2102:Buchenwald concentration camps
2083:Gross-Rosen concentration camp
2067:Flossenbürg concentration camp
2045:for Jews, the Dulag Luft Ost,
1474:, Brandenburg, an area around
869:. The earliest mention was by
833:In the second century BC, the
505:independent Czechoslovak state
1:
3432:. Klartext. pp. 197–198.
3294:Acta archaeologica Carpathica
3215:Gyula Moravcsik, ed. (1949).
2913:Co vlastně slavíme 28. října?
1937:
1822:Detailed map of Bohemia, 1742
941:also mentioned the region as
203:regions of the Czech Republic
3894:A History of the Czech Lands
2975:, Deník.cz, 2 January 2014,
2886:The Cambridge Modern History
2457:, was formerly known as the
2379:in 1278–1290 and 1327–1341.
1886:developed among the Czechs.
1746:Electorate of the Palatinate
1713:, which confirmed the older
1445:Charles University in Prague
851:Battle of Placentia (194 BC)
528:Second Czechoslovak Republic
503:and the establishment of an
3867:Lands of the Bohemian Crown
3644:The Warsaw Institute Review
3558:"Subcamps of KL Groß-Rosen"
3534:KZ-Gedenkstätte Flossenbürg
3476:Preclík, Vratislav (2019).
3056:. Tempus Publishing, 2003.
2849:There is no distinction in
2756:Lands of the Bohemian Crown
2041:, the Germans operated the
1352:of Bohemia was granted the
1211:a time spent in "Bainaib".
472:as a means of distinction.
454:Lands of the Bohemian Crown
216:Location of Bohemia in the
4168:
3710:Seznam železničních stanic
2771:History of the Czech lands
2766:Province of German Bohemia
2387:since its conquest by the
2340:
2281:) in modern south-eastern
2006:and Hungarian minorities.
1978:, which combined Bohemia,
1732:in Bohemia, the resulting
1649:
1337:, eventually becoming the
1329:, which devolved from the
1279:
973:History of the Czech lands
970:
829:Name of the Czech Republic
826:
513:Republic of German-Austria
29:
4004:
3715:27 September 2016 at the
3696:27 September 2016 at the
3587:aussenlager-buchenwald.de
3460:Murdock, Caitlin (2010).
3412:Murdock, Caitlin (2010).
2971:27 September 2016 at the
2788:List of Bohemian monarchs
2777:Kingdom Come: Deliverance
2383:has been again a part of
2375:under rule of the Polish
2236:region, and parts of the
2228:, as well as most of the
2096:. In the spring of 1945,
2081:, and 16 subcamps of the
1724:and then King of Bohemia
1409:Mongol invasion of Europe
977:History of Czechoslovakia
933:in his 10th-century work
855:Battle of Mutina (193 BC)
749:
591:—
544:breakup of Czechoslovakia
209:
194:
162:
136:From top, left to right:
89:
80:
3785:Knothe, Hermann (1879).
3729:Geomorfologické celky ČR
3448:. Klartext. p. 203.
3377:The Germans and the East
3248:Andreas Nikolaou Stratos
3218:De administrando imperio
3090:24 February 2021 at the
3079:25 February 2021 at the
3037:Czech Statistical Office
2918:12 November 2017 at the
2830:23 November 2018 at the
2812:Czech Statistical Office
1765:Battle of White Mountain
1682:After the death of King
1664:Bohemia as the heart of
1545:that became their center
1290:The coat of arms of the
937:De Administrando Imperio
536:Czech Socialist Republic
32:Bohemia (disambiguation)
3666:"Portál veřejné správy"
3622:Liberation Route Europe
3106:. Thelatinlibrary.com.
3072:Pliny 3.146 and Strabo
3000:26 January 2018 at the
2982:27 January 2018 at the
2314:and the Lower Silesian
2197:Bohemia thus remains a
1736:led to outbreak of the
1563:Sigismund of Luxembourg
776:), and in the north by
441:
428:
278:130/km (340/sq mi)
64:
3618:"Liberation of Pilsen"
3129:Green, Dennis (2014),
2995:Ústava České republiky
2977:compare maps and texts
2730:
2716:
2702:
2682:
2667:
2653:
2639:
2625:
2611:
2593:
2579:
2560:
2546:
2532:
2516:of Bohemia during the
2510:
2497:
2492:, the capital city of
2478:
2466:
2450:
2364:
2356:
2333:
2278:
2270:
2150:
1944:
1929:
1895:Margraviate of Moravia
1844:enlightened absolutism
1839:Czech National Revival
1823:
1811:
1679:
1639:Zdeněk Lev of Rožmitál
1549:During the ecumenical
1546:
1509:intermediated between
1454:. Under his rule, the
1424:
1295:
994:
935:
895:"home" (whence Gothic
407:
386:
50:
3934:Czech Catholic Church
3907:Sayer, Derek (1998).
3829:interactive, inCUBE.
2783:Lech, Czech, and Rus'
2508:
2487:
2432:Roman Catholic Church
2328:
2295:Ottokar II of Bohemia
2145:
2051:prisoner-of-war camps
2043:Theresienstadt Ghetto
1935:
1927:
1821:
1782:
1663:
1594:and the more fanatic
1585:After Žižka's death,
1536:
1422:
1395:(1198). His grandson
1327:East Frankish Kingdom
1289:
984:
971:Further information:
565:Historical population
313: • Summer (
3889:. Faber & Faber.
3885:Knox, Brian (1962).
3863:Agnew, Hugh (2004).
3835:www.kladskepomezi.cz
3676:on 28 December 2019.
3332:. 2003. p. 13.
2308:Electorate of Saxony
2107:In May 1945, Allied
1884:romantic nationalism
1551:Council of Constance
1541:, after the town of
1478:called New Bohemia,
1439:) in 1310. His son,
1374:Bolesław I of Poland
1302:, under the rule of
1026:improve this article
929:. Byzantine Emperor
275: • Density
30:For other uses, see
4142:Geography of Europe
4109: /
3896:. Karolinum Press.
3865:The Czechs and the
3170:Mykhailo Hrushevsky
3104:"Tacitus: Germania"
2367:) in south-western
2174:" later that year.
1996:Carpathian Ruthenia
1906:Austro-Prussian War
1711:Maiestas Rudolphina
1634:George of Poděbrady
1619:freedom of religion
1515:East Central German
1429:House of Luxembourg
881:Velleius Paterculus
566:
3957:at Amazing Czechia
3734:2 May 2016 at the
2518:Kingdom of Bohemia
2511:
2498:
2389:Kingdom of Prussia
2334:
2151:
2022:) were annexed to
1945:
1930:
1891:Kingdom of Bohemia
1856:Revolution of 1848
1824:
1812:
1785:Kingdom of Bohemia
1773:Charles University
1715:Confessio Bohemica
1690:in 1526, Archduke
1680:
1547:
1452:Holy Roman Emperor
1425:
1415:Luxembourg dynasty
1366:Jaromír of Bohemia
1356:by German emperor
1346:Battle of Lechfeld
1331:Carolingian Empire
1296:
995:
768:), in the west by
267: • Total
254: • Total
4092:
4091:
4087:
4086:
3917:978-0-69105-760-6
3902:978-8-02462-227-9
3512:978-0-253-06089-1
3487:978-80-87173-47-3
3185:978-1-895571-19-6
2745:Bohemian Rhapsody
2403:, one of several
2343:County of Kladsko
2199:historical region
2172:Velvet Revolution
2168:Pope John Paul II
2121:Potsdam Agreement
1802:Holy Roman Empire
1740:in 1618. Elector
1738:Thirty Years' War
1696:Habsburg monarchy
1672:Sebastian Münster
1646:Habsburg Monarchy
1623:Compacts of Basel
1433:John I of Bohemia
1362:Holy Roman Empire
1339:Holy Roman Empire
1316:Přemyslid dynasty
1294:(until 1253–1262)
1292:Přemyslid dynasty
1102:
1101:
1094:
1076:
754:
753:
493:Habsburg monarchy
489:Holy Roman Empire
446:historical region
433:[ˈtʃɪska]
412:[ˈbøːmən]
332:
331:
16:(Redirected from
4159:
4124:
4123:
4121:
4120:
4119:
4114:
4110:
4107:
4106:
4105:
4102:
4081:
4066:
4055:
4041:
4030:
4016:
4007:
3995:
3985:
3978:
3971:
3962:
3951:, 11 April 2002)
3870:. Hoover Press,
3851:
3850:
3848:
3846:
3837:. Archived from
3826:
3820:
3819:
3817:
3815:
3808:Hrádek nad Nisou
3800:
3791:
3790:
3782:
3769:
3768:
3748:
3739:
3726:
3720:
3707:
3701:
3687:
3678:
3677:
3672:. Archived from
3662:
3656:
3655:
3639:
3633:
3632:
3630:
3628:
3614:
3608:
3605:
3599:
3598:
3596:
3594:
3579:
3573:
3572:
3570:
3568:
3554:
3545:
3544:
3542:
3540:
3526:
3517:
3516:
3498:
3492:
3491:
3473:
3467:
3465:
3457:
3451:
3449:
3441:
3435:
3433:
3425:
3419:
3417:
3409:
3403:
3402:
3394:
3381:
3380:
3372:
3366:
3355:
3349:
3348:
3343:
3341:
3328:. Vol. 44.
3320:
3314:
3313:
3308:
3306:
3289:
3283:
3282:
3277:
3275:
3244:
3238:
3237:
3232:
3230:
3212:
3206:
3205:
3199:
3197:
3166:
3160:
3159:
3158:
3156:
3126:
3120:
3119:
3117:
3115:
3100:
3094:
3070:
3064:
3050:
3041:
3040:
3039:. 27 March 2021.
3025:
3019:
3018:
3011:
3005:
2992:
2986:
2962:
2951:
2950:
2948:
2946:
2931:
2922:
2909:
2903:
2902:
2900:
2898:
2881:
2875:
2872:
2866:
2847:
2841:
2822:
2816:
2815:
2804:
2479:Adršpašské skály
2347:The area around
2203:Central Bohemian
2164:Agnes of Bohemia
2137:Klement Gottwald
2016:Munich Agreement
1953:German Bohemians
1942:
1939:
1862:. Towns between
1809:
1807:
1799:
1797:
1792:
1790:
1771:, rector of the
1754:Elizabeth Stuart
1688:Battle of Mohács
1612:Battle of Lipany
1587:Prokop the Great
1216:Migration Period
1097:
1090:
1086:
1083:
1077:
1075:
1034:
1010:
1002:
991:Austrian Silesia
940:
927:Hercynian forest
784:(in Germany and
750:Source: Censuses
580:
575:
567:
435:
422:
421:
420:
414:
401:
400:
399:
393:
391:[ˈtʃɛxɪ]
377:
371:
370:
367:
366:
363:
360:
357:
354:
351:
348:
345:
318:
214:
199:
182:
170:
138:Karlštejn Castle
125:
118:
107:
100:
75:
67:
61:
53:
42:
21:
4167:
4166:
4162:
4161:
4160:
4158:
4157:
4156:
4127:
4126:
4117:
4115:
4111:
4108:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4096:
4095:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4075:
4067:
4057:
4049:
4032:
4024:
4000:
3989:
3926:
3860:
3858:Further reading
3855:
3854:
3844:
3842:
3841:on 3 April 2012
3828:
3827:
3823:
3813:
3811:
3802:
3801:
3794:
3784:
3783:
3772:
3750:
3749:
3742:
3736:Wayback Machine
3727:
3723:
3717:Wayback Machine
3708:
3704:
3698:Wayback Machine
3688:
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3548:
3538:
3536:
3528:
3527:
3520:
3513:
3500:
3499:
3495:
3488:
3478:Masaryk a legie
3475:
3474:
3470:
3459:
3458:
3454:
3443:
3442:
3438:
3427:
3426:
3422:
3411:
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3395:
3384:
3374:
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3356:
3352:
3339:
3337:
3322:
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3317:
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3228:
3226:
3214:
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3209:
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3145:
3128:
3127:
3123:
3113:
3111:
3102:
3101:
3097:
3092:Wayback Machine
3083:, but also see
3081:Wayback Machine
3074:7.1 290 and 292
3071:
3067:
3051:
3044:
3033:Public Database
3027:
3026:
3022:
3013:
3012:
3008:
3002:Wayback Machine
2993:
2989:
2984:Wayback Machine
2973:Wayback Machine
2963:
2954:
2944:
2942:
2933:
2932:
2925:
2920:Wayback Machine
2910:
2906:
2896:
2894:
2883:
2882:
2878:
2873:
2869:
2848:
2844:
2832:Wayback Machine
2823:
2819:
2806:
2805:
2801:
2796:
2761:Flag of Bohemia
2740:
2503:
2443:Náchod District
2345:
2339:
2299:Lusatian League
2260:
2255:
2133:simple majority
2129:
2049:and Stalag 359
2028:Slovak Republic
2012:
1940:
1922:
1832:Habsburg Empire
1805:
1804:
1795:
1794:
1788:
1787:
1734:Bohemian Revolt
1658:
1650:Main articles:
1648:
1604:Catholic Church
1531:
1529:Hussite Bohemia
1437:Jan Lucemburský
1417:
1323:Frankish rulers
1284:
1278:
1276:Přemysl dynasty
1269:manorial system
1250:Other sources (
1163:Marcus Aurelius
1098:
1087:
1081:
1078:
1035:
1033:
1023:
1011:
1000:
998:Ancient Bohemia
989:in yellow, and
979:
969:
931:Constantine VII
831:
825:
806:Giant Mountains
798:Bohemian Forest
497:Austrian Empire
417:
416:
415:
396:
395:
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375:
342:
338:
312:
220:
205:
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83:Historical land
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3924:External links
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3052:Collis, John.
3042:
3020:
3006:
2987:
2964:Petr Jeřábek:
2952:
2923:
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2814:. 17 May 2024.
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2499:
2488:A panorama of
2471:Adršpach rocks
2455:Czech Republic
2416:Kłodzko Valley
2401:Czechoslovakia
2395:region on the
2393:Kłodzko Valley
2341:Main article:
2338:
2335:
2329:A panorama of
2303:Upper Lusatian
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2247:local dialects
2242:South Moravian
2234:South Bohemian
2223:Hradec Králové
2215:Ústí nad Labem
2179:Velvet Divorce
2146:Bohemian city
2128:
2127:Recent history
2125:
2014:Following the
2011:
2008:
1976:Czechoslovakia
1965:Czechoslovakia
1921:
1918:
1720:After Emperor
1647:
1644:
1530:
1527:
1456:Bohemian crown
1416:
1413:
1358:Otto the Great
1280:Main article:
1277:
1274:
1231:left Bohemia (
1209:tribal history
1100:
1099:
1014:
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1005:
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865:called it) as
845:-Celtic tribe
839:northern Italy
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509:Czechoslovakia
475:Bohemia was a
470:Bohemia proper
458:Bohemian kings
450:Czech Republic
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26:
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14:
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4072:Czech Silesia
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3880:0-8179-4491-5
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3804:"20. století"
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3670:portal.gov.cz
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2696:
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2684:
2680:
2676:
2673:Podbrdsko at
2672:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2658:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2644:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2630:
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2515:
2507:
2500:
2495:
2491:
2486:
2482:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2467:Jiráskův kraj
2464:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2439:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2408:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2385:Lower Silesia
2382:
2378:
2377:Piast dynasty
2374:
2373:Lower Silesia
2370:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2344:
2336:
2332:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2317:
2313:
2312:Bohemian lion
2309:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2291:Lower Silesia
2289:(and briefly
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2257:
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2250:
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2140:
2138:
2134:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2105:
2103:
2099:
2098:death marches
2095:
2091:
2086:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2035:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2009:
2007:
2005:
2001:
2000:Tomáš Masaryk
1997:
1993:
1990:(present-day
1989:
1988:Upper Hungary
1985:
1984:Czech Silesia
1981:
1977:
1972:
1970:
1969:fait accompli
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1934:
1926:
1919:
1917:
1913:
1911:
1907:
1902:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1887:
1885:
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1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
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1845:
1840:
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1820:
1816:
1803:
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1777:
1774:
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1761:
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1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
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1716:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1699:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1668:
1667:Europa regina
1662:
1657:
1653:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1615:
1613:
1609:
1608:war-weariness
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1580:
1575:
1573:
1569:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1544:
1540:
1535:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1507:Prague German
1503:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1483:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1472:Lower Lusatia
1469:
1468:Upper Lusatia
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1421:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1385:Vladislaus II
1382:
1377:
1375:
1371:
1370:King Henry II
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1342:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1319:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1300:Great Moravia
1293:
1288:
1283:
1275:
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1125:
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1115:
1111:
1110:Celtic nation
1107:
1096:
1093:
1085:
1082:November 2022
1074:
1071:
1067:
1064:
1060:
1057:
1053:
1050:
1046:
1043: –
1042:
1038:
1037:Find sources:
1031:
1027:
1021:
1020:
1015:This section
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1004:
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822:
820:
818:
815:
811:
807:
803:
802:Ore Mountains
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
762:Lower Austria
759:
748:
744:
741:
738:
737:
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730:
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726:
722:
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605:
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529:
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522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
481:Great Moravia
478:
473:
471:
467:
466:Czech Silesia
463:
459:
456:ruled by the
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
434:
430:
426:
425:Upper Sorbian
419:
413:
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398:
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106:
99:
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79:
73:
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2397:Nysa Kłodzka
2381:Kłodzko Land
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2176:
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2161:
2155:
2152:
2148:Karlovy Vary
2130:
2113:Czechoslovak
2106:
2087:
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2039:World War II
2036:
2024:Nazi Germany
2013:
1973:
1968:
1967:was hence a
1957:German state
1946:
1914:
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1762:
1726:Ferdinand II
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1700:
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1511:Upper German
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1381:Vratislav II
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1159:Roman Empire
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1024:Please help
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3998:Czech lands
3948:In Our Time
3943:BBC Radio 4
3589:(in German)
3114:19 November
2911:Jiří Pehe:
2857:means both
2751:Bohemianism
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2461:'s Region (
2316:Piast Eagle
2287:Middle Ages
2156:coup d'état
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2020:Sudetenland
1949:World War I
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1920:Interbellum
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1800:within the
1742:Frederick V
1730:Protestants
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1692:Ferdinand I
1505:Meanwhile,
1383:(1085) and
1350:Boleslaus I
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521:Sudetenland
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4131:Categories
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3814:5 November
3810:(in Czech)
3627:5 November
3593:5 November
3567:5 November
3539:5 November
3530:"Subcamps"
3365:, in Czech
2794:References
2626:Leitmeritz
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2580:Königgrätz
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1041:"Bohemia"
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296:Time zone
270:6,880,000
3872:Stanford
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3190:Archived
3149:archived
3108:Archived
3088:Archived
3077:Archived
2998:Archived
2980:Archived
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2939:Archived
2916:Archived
2897:17 March
2891:Archived
2859:Bohemian
2828:Archived
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2238:Vysočina
2117:expelled
2109:American
2063:subcamps
1992:Slovakia
1864:Karlsbad
1568:crusades
1498:and the
1492:Jáchymov
1405:Slovenia
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1193:Pannonia
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1151:Semnones
1114:Helvetii
876:Germania
853:and the
499:. After
495:and the
438:Silesian
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4137:Bohemia
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4021:Bohemia
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967:History
923:Marobod
871:Tacitus
794:Moravia
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770:Bavaria
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485:kingdom
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893:haimaz
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2361:Latin
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