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The export market for
Australian wool suffered a severe price slump in the 1840s. Low demand for cattle and sheep to stock new pastoral runs and the small local market for beef, mutton or lamb meant cattle and sheep had little value in the colonies. Boiling-down works provided a vital source of
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on 19 June 1843. It was reprinted in various other colonial newspapers and is credited with kick-starting the production of tallow as a new export industry in rural
Australia. Even when the wool price recovered, boiling down works helped maintain a minimum price for sheep of around five
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This plant was coal powered. It had six
Babcock and Wilcox 96-horsepower tubular boilers supplying steam for the various engines. In the freezing room, the two compound engines could produce 400 horsepower each and each machine could circulate 170,000 cubic feet of air per hour.
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Workers of the
Meatworks came from the local area or nearby towns. Due to the large amount of workers at the factories, there were often industrial disputes with local employees about working hours and other matters including industrial strikes. One worker joined the
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Cattle and sheep were separately processed. The carcases were transported around the factory by an overhead tramway. The tramway then transported meat to a cooling room, then to the freezing, canning or preserving rooms as required.
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and was important for the early economy. In 1942, the
Meatworks processed 5,478,000 cans of preserved meat for the season (62,675 cattle and 23,481 sheep) which was more than the Ross River meatworks (42,000 cattle) and the
168:-Coleman and Haslam machines, which circulated cold air and removed moisture and impure air at the same time. Electric lighting was installed 31 years prior to the provision of public electric lighting in
99:, where Fulton developed a technique for boiling-down sheep for tallow around in 1843-44 when squatters slaughtered their otherwise worthless sheep in the thousands due to a rural depression.
267:
Cashman, Richard I., 'Langlands, Henry (1794–1863)', Australian
Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, accessed 17 September 2012
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experimented with boiling down sheep in large cauldrons to extract the tallow (fat for soap and candle making). He publicised his experiments in an article that appeared in
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Boiling down was industrialised in the 1840s, providing the rural sector with a valuable export commodity. It was particularly significant as it came during the 1840s
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106:. From a very small quantity of 50 tons of tallow produced in 1843, to 430 in tons in 1844, over 4500 tons, worth ÂŁ130,000 were produced in 1850 in Victoria alone.
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Overlanders and
Boiling Down, citing Nissen J.A., Creating the landscape: A history of settlement and land use in Mt Crosby, Master of Arts Thesis, U of Q, 1999
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In
Victoria, Joseph Raleigh is credited with one of the first large scale boiling-down works, when in 1840 he erected a plant near the Stoney Creek Backwash in
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153:(opened June 1892) in August 1892 was described by industry experts as works as "superior to any in the colony - actively engaged in the meat export trade".
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was described as a “Boiling-down establishment capable of boiling down 900 to 1000 sheep daily.” (Maitland
Mercury 4 January 1868).
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43:. It was a common activity on farms and pastoral properties to produce tallow to be made into soap and candles for domestic use.
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when the pastoral industry was at a standstill and sheep and cattle otherwise had little value in the colonies.
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in 1847, followed by John
Campbell and John Smith, creating a self-contained village of Town Marie.
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172:. It was powered by a Crompton dynamo and installed by Barton and White electrical engineers.
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effluent (cattle/sheep blood-rich) was pumped into a local creek, affecting fish stocks.
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each. Pastoralist George Russell built a boiling works at Golf Hill Station, in the
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located in the Hunter Valley was one of the early sites for boiling down. By 1868,
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Robert King opened the first boiling down works in the Bremer River area of
337:. Newcastle, NSW: The Administrator of the Estate of Cecily Joan Mitchell.
460:"Tent town, 1914-1915, Alligator Creek expansion by Swift Co., Townsville"
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Little is said about the environmental impact of boiling down works. The
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K. L. Fry, “Boiling down in the 1840s: A Grimy Means to a Solvent End,”
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StateLibQld 2 15810 Woolscouring and Boiling Down Works, Longreach, 1898
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StateLibQld 2 40883 Armstrong's Boiling Down Works, Charleville, 1898
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226:(Geelong Historical Society), 45 (4), December 2010, p.126
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at the age of 13 years old and worked there for 58 years.
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Howard, Mark, "The export trade in tallow, 1843-1851,"
95:operated an iron foundry at 131 Flinders St West,
35:was the term used in Australia for the process of
435:"Question of Payment To Alligator Creek Employee"
164:The refrigeration machinery was a combination of
382:"Ross River Meatworks Chimney (entry 602719)"
8:
279:"Onmydoorstep, Raleigh's Boiling Down Works"
306:, Black Inc., 2005 - Melbourne (Vic.) p.158
39:the fat from animal carcasses to produce
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237:Clyde Company Papers, 1841-45, Vol III
63:when sheep were selling for as low as
357:"RECORD MEAT PACK AT ALLIGATOR CREEK"
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304:Bearbrass: Imagining Early Melbourne
316:BOILING DOWN WORKS, Ipswich Council
205:No. 25 (Nov., 1973), pp. 1–18
14:
239:, Oxford University Press, p.519
333:Mitchell, Cecily Joan (1973).
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390:. Queensland Heritage Council
505:Meat processing in Australia
387:Queensland Heritage Register
69:Western District (Victoria)
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495:Manufacturing in Australia
510:Australian sheep industry
190:Alligator Creek meatworks
178:Alligator Creek meatworks
136:Merinda meatworks (Bowen)
127:Alligator Creek meatworks
81:The Sydney Morning Herald
321:October 8, 2013, at the
129:was opened in 1877 near
464:Townsville City Council
254:April 23, 2013, at the
410:"STRIKE AT MEAT WORKS"
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414:Sydney Morning Herald
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235:Brown, P. L. (1958)
184:Environmental Impact
151:Ross River Meatworks
97:Melbourne, Australia
93:Langlands and Fulton
111:Ipswich, Queensland
48:economic depression
146:Factory Operations
142:(29,000 cattle).
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33:Boiling down
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484:Categories
469:2024-06-20
445:2024-06-20
420:2024-06-20
367:2024-06-20
289:2013-06-17
210:References
170:Townsville
131:Townsville
121:Windermere
104:Yarraville
89:per head.
54:Beginnings
439:Telegraph
394:15 August
87:shillings
61:squatters
37:rendering
319:Archived
252:Archived
65:sixpence
41:tallow
140:Bowen
138:, at
396:2015
339:ISBN
166:Bell
76:Yass
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