1615:
a misunderstanding and mistrasmission of the text in all the census lists of Exodus and
Numbers (not to mention other texts)" and produces several inconsistencies in the book of Numbers that cannot be resolved. Most scholars who hold this view posit a much lower number for the fighting men of Israel, closer to 20,000. Another theory is that of an error in transmission, with J.W. Wenham arguing that "biblical texts are often corrupted by the simple addition of zeroes to the numbers", although the flaw in this suggestion "is that the mistake in zeroes would easily occur only where numbers were represented by figures rather than by words", and there is "little or no evidence that figures were used in the biblical texts during the biblical period." Based on the nature of the book and the many accounts of tax payment and records of animals and persons, it is most likely that Numbers is referring to an actual account of a numerical tally of the Israelite people. A more likely explanation for the large number stated in the book is that the actual numerical metrics cannot really be established today. This requires us to take the values given as they are, as any other alternatives raises more problems than solutions. In his commentary on the book of Numbers,
1548:
1586:(meaning treaties, legally binding agreements) stretching from Genesis to Deuteronomy and beyond. The first is the covenant between God and Noah immediately after the Deluge in which God agrees never again to destroy the Earth with water. The next is between God and Abraham, and the third between God and all Israel at Mount Sinai. In this third covenant, unlike the first two, God hands down an elaborate set of laws (scattered through Exodus, Leviticus, and Numbers), which the Israelites are to observe; they are also to remain faithful to Yahweh, the god of Israel, meaning, among other things, that they must put their trust in his help.
1630:"No one system answers all the questions or solves all the problems. In short, we lack the materials in the text to solve this problem. When all is said and done, one must admit that the answer is elusive. Perhaps it is best to take these numbers as R.K. Harrison has done — as based on a system familiar to the ancients but unknown to moderns. According to Harrison the figures are to be taken as "symbols of relative power, triumph, importance, and the like and are not meant to be understood either strictly literally or as extant in a corrupt textual form."
1598:
to Israel's sin of unfaithfulness. In the final section, the
Israelites of the new generation follow Yahweh's instructions as given through Moses and are successful in all they attempt. The last five chapters are exclusively concerned with land: instructions for the extermination of the Canaanites, the demarcation of the boundaries of the land, how the land is to be divided, holy cities for the Levites and "cities of refuge", the problem of pollution of the land by blood, and regulations for inheritance when a male heir is lacking.
42:
1442:
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1315:, on Canaan's eastern border. The Israelites blame Moses for the lack of water. Moses is ordered by God to speak to a rock but initially disobeys, and is punished by the announcement that he shall not enter Canaan. The king of Edom refuses permission to pass through his land and they go around it. Aaron dies on Mount Hor. The Israelites are bitten by
1308:'s men and are stricken with the plague, with 14,700 perishing. Aaron and his family are declared by God to be responsible for any iniquity committed in connection with the sanctuary. The Levites are again appointed to help in the keeping of the Tabernacle. The Levites are ordered to surrender to the priests a part of the tithes taken to them.
1611:
Israelites does not conform to modern historical knowledge of the period or archaeological evidence. Some scholars see the book of
Numbers as unhistorical, and the figures given as either greatly exaggerated or simply fabricated, opting instead to focus on Numbers as a theological book and not a historical one.
1219:
1206:), linked by two travel sections; an alternative is to see it as structured around the two generations of those condemned to die in the wilderness and the new generation who will enter Canaan, making a theological distinction between the disobedience of the first generation and the obedience of the second.
1614:
On the other hand, some
Biblical scholars speculate that the literature is not referring to the actual number, and that the word for "thousand" is actually referring to a noun signifying a group or clan. However, this interpretation poses a problem, as it undermines the validity of the text, "assumes
1597:
The
Israelites then set out to conquer the land, but almost immediately they refuse to enter it, and Yahweh condemns the whole generation who left Egypt to die in the wilderness. The message is clear: failure was not due to any fault in the preparation, because Yahweh had foreseen everything, but due
1610:
The book of
Numbers records in some detail the population of the fighting men in Israel, providing a figure of approximately 600,000 soldiers. This would translate to a total population of 1.5 to 2.5 million Israelites. However, scholars have proposed multiple alternatives, as such a large number of
1601:
A large part of the theological theme in
Numbers is the righteousness and holiness of God being met with human rebellion. The two censuses not only show the different response of two generations but rather that God had remained faithful despite the rebellion of the Israelites. The theme of the book
1248:
is exempted from military service and therefore not included in the census. Moses consecrates the
Levites for the service of the Tabernacle in the place of the first-born sons, who hitherto had performed that service. The Levites are divided into three families, the Gershonites, the Kohathites, and
1146:
into the land. Upon hearing the spies' fearful report concerning the conditions in Canaan, the
Israelites refuse to take possession of it. God condemns them to death in the wilderness until a new generation can grow up and carry out the task. Furthermore, there were some who rebelled against Moses
1593:
The theme of descendants marks the first event in
Numbers, the census of Israel's fighting men: the huge number which results (over 600,000) demonstrates the fulfillment of God's promise to Abraham of innumerable descendants, as well as serving as God's guarantee of victory in Canaan. As chapters
1589:
It is important to note that among the reasons this law was given was to establish the Israelite people as Yahweh's people. The laws and instructions were as much for identity as they were for obedience. Yahweh by providing all the different instructions and laws was affirming that the Israelite
1209:
Despite the strong chronological order and the clear distinction of the three geographic locations, the key theme of censuses among the Israelites and the parallels between the old and new generation seem to be a better fit for this book if seen as a theological account rather than a purely
1482:(i.e., after c. 520 BC), based on preexisting written and oral traditions, as well as contemporary geographical and political realities. The five books are often described as being drawn from four "sources", generally regarded as the works of schools of writers rather than individuals: the
1579:. The promise has three elements: posterity (i.e., descendants – Abraham is told that his descendants will be as innumerable as the stars), divine-human relationship (Israel is to be God's chosen people), and land (the land of Canaan, cursed by Noah immediately after the Deluge).
1594:
1–10 progress, the theme of God's presence with Israel comes to the fore: these chapters describe how Israel is to be organized around the Sanctuary, God's dwelling-place in their midst, under the charge of the Levites and priests, in preparation for the conquest of the land.
1429:. Moses recalls the stations at which the Israelites halted during their forty years' wanderings and instructs the Israelites to exterminate the Canaanites and destroy their idols. The boundaries of the land are spelled out; the land is to be divided under the supervision of
1354:
to curse the Israelites. However, God tells Balaam not to curse them, and when Balaam attempts to travel to Balak with the Moabite officials God sends an angel to stop his donkey. Realising that he cannot curse the Israelites, Balaam blesses them instead, and foresees
2973:
1297:, two of the spies, report that the land is abundant and is "flowing with milk and honey", but the other spies say that it is inhabited by giants, and the Israelites refuse to enter the land. Yahweh decrees that the Israelites will be punished for their loss of
1538:
do point to the plausibility of a pre-exilic written tradition of the passage from Numbers 6 and Deuteronomy 7. Although this does not decisively prove that there was a canonical written tradition it does point to a possibility of such a tradition.
1268:
The Israelites set out from Sinai. The people murmur against God and are punished by fire; Moses complains of their stubbornness and God orders him to choose seventy elders to assist him in the government of the people.
1406:, in retaliation for the Baal-Peor incident. Specifically, all Midianite men and boys and women who are not virgins are killed. Virgin Midianite women and girls are spared, but kept as prizes for the Israelite army.
1393:
A new census gives the total number of men from twenty years and upward as 601,730, and the number of the Levites from the age of one month and upward as 23,000. The land shall be divided by lot. The daughters of
1390:, he enters their tent and runs a spear through them. God rewards him by giving his descendants an everlasting priesthood. God also tells the Israelites to consider the Midianites their enemies.
1526:, now the last book of the Torah, began as the set of religious laws that make up the bulk of the book, was extended in the early part of the 6th century BCE to serve as the introduction to the
1178:: God has promised the Israelites that they shall become a great (i.e. numerous) nation, that they will have a special relationship with him, and that they shall take possession of the land of
1244:, to number those able to bear arms—of all the men twenty years and older and to appoint princes over each tribe. A total of 603,550 Israelites are found to be fit for military service. The
1103:
containing verses from Numbers have been dated as far back as the late seventh or early sixth century BC. These verses are the earliest known artifacts to be found in the Hebrew Bible text.
3885:
1498:. There is an ongoing dispute over the origins of the non-Priestly source(s), but it is generally agreed that the Priestly source is post-exilic. Below is an outline of the hypothesis:
1130:. The people are counted and preparations are made for resuming their march. The Israelites begin the journey, but complain about the hardships along the way and about the authority of
1602:
should seem to be more centrally focused on the faithfulness and holiness of God as this is a common theme that runs through the whole of the Pentateuch, not just the book of Numbers.
1359:
whom he identifies as 'the Star of Jacob' who will defeat Israel's enemies. This angers Balak, but Balaam informs Balak that he cannot say anything except what God tells him to say.
2468:
Write That They May Read: Studies in Literacy and Textualization in the Ancient Near East and in the Hebrew Scriptures: Essays in Honour of Professor Alan R. Millard
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as his successor. Prescriptions for the observance of the feasts and the offerings for different occasions are enumerated. Moses orders the Israelites to
3061:
4461:
3516:
1147:
and for these acts, God destroyed approximately 15,000 of them through various means. The book ends with the new generation of Israelites in the
4369:
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4379:
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2802:
2781:
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2712:
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2668:
2647:
2626:
2597:
2576:
2555:
2517:
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2475:
2452:
2431:
2408:
2387:
2366:
2343:
2320:
2299:
2276:
2255:
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1304:
God orders Moses to make plates to cover the altar. The children of Israel murmur against Moses and Aaron on account of the destruction of
41:
1547:
4176:
1619:
acknowledged that even among his contemporaries, "certain sceptics" had questioned the veracity of the figures quoted, but defended the
1011:
1530:(the books from Joshua to Kings), and later still was detached from that history, extended and edited again, and attached to the Torah.
4497:
4171:
4032:
4139:
2538:
2107:
4257:
4134:
3985:
3563:
968:
31:
4517:
4550:
4576:
4471:
3054:
2952:
2915:
4466:
2942:
2927:
1738:
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3556:
958:
2872:
4154:
3470:
1758:
4186:
4165:
4159:
1421:. Moses grants their request after they promise to help in the conquest of the land west of the Jordan. The land
4571:
4181:
4149:
4144:
3880:
3274:
3047:
2186:
1037:
2948:
1675:, on Numbers 13–15: Mixed report of the scouts and Israel's response, libations, bread, idol worship, fringes
4507:
4487:
4359:
4216:
4077:
3817:
3334:
1527:
1182:. Numbers also demonstrates the importance of holiness, faithfulness, and trust: despite God's presence and
1004:
4343:
4226:
4211:
4201:
3793:
3248:
823:
4292:
4231:
4221:
4129:
2903:
1663:
1479:
741:
257:
1723:, on Numbers 33–36: Stations of the Israelites' journeys, instructions for conquest, cities for Levites
1659:, on Numbers 4–7: Priestly duties, the camp, unfaithfulness, and the Nazirite, Tabernacle consecration
4581:
4492:
4412:
4124:
4037:
3947:
3713:
3600:
3532:
2962:
1753:
1640:
1535:
1316:
1100:
925:
722:
437:
4586:
4434:
4399:
4196:
3875:
3658:
3628:
3480:
3192:
3157:
3119:
3084:
3018:
1691:, on Numbers 19–21: Red heifer, water from a rock, Miriam's and Aaron's deaths, victories, serpents
1583:
1450:
1422:
1115:
879:
619:
570:
500:
122:
4004:
1707:, on Numbers 25–29: Phinehas, second census, inheritance, Moses' successor, offerings and holidays
4326:
4241:
4047:
4042:
3927:
3890:
3870:
3800:
1620:
1564:
1370:, worshipping a deity known as Baal-Peor. God sends a plague in retaliation, and Moses tells the
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905:
874:
490:
1441:
4527:
4336:
4331:
4272:
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4014:
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3475:
3233:
3177:
3104:
3003:
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2819:
2798:
2777:
2756:
2735:
2723:
2708:
2687:
2679:
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2643:
2622:
2593:
2572:
2551:
2534:
2513:
2492:
2471:
2448:
2442:
2427:
2419:
2404:
2400:
The Bible Unearthed: Archaeology's New Vision of Ancient Israel and the Origin of Sacred Texts
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2031:
2025:
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1763:
1703:
1647:
1426:
1175:
934:
800:
790:
560:
317:
307:
102:
2812:
Van Seters, John (1998). "The Pentateuch". In Steven L. McKenzie, Matt Patrick Graham (ed.).
2463:
2398:
2331:
4512:
4407:
4389:
4321:
4309:
4267:
4206:
4191:
4082:
3970:
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3708:
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3455:
3429:
3349:
3218:
3187:
3114:
2658:
2587:
2464:"Earliest Literary Allusions to Homer and the Pentateuch from Ischia in Italy and Jerusalem"
2377:
2198:
1715:, on Numbers 30–32: Vows, Midian, dividing booty, land for Reuben, Gad, and half of Manasseh
1286:
1143:
1092:(5th century BC). The name of the book comes from the two censuses taken of the Israelites.
948:
785:
717:
668:
629:
585:
376:
302:
233:
4304:
4282:
4236:
3783:
3743:
3718:
3648:
3608:
3399:
3339:
3223:
3162:
3089:
2879:
2847:
1687:
1679:
1671:
1667:, on Numbers 8–12: Levites, journeying by cloud and fire, complaints, questioning of Moses
1502:
1491:
1463:
1379:
1371:
1350:, king of Moab decides to fight the Israelites as well, and summons a local diviner named
1278:
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and is shut out of camp for seven days, at the end of which the Israelites proceed to the
1241:
1167:
1081:
805:
765:
727:
693:
609:
550:
322:
282:
243:
188:
82:
1582:
The theme of the divine-human relationship is expressed, or managed, through a series of
1366:, the more they intermarry with the local Moabites, and the more they participate in the
1683:, on Numbers 16–18: Korah's rebellion, plague, Aaron's staff buds, duties of the Levites
1567:
of the five books as the partial fulfilment of a promise made by God to the patriarchs,
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4522:
4456:
4119:
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4109:
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3866:
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3856:
3841:
3836:
3812:
3773:
3723:
3703:
3673:
3653:
3638:
3633:
3613:
3579:
3496:
3439:
3238:
2728:
2466:. In Block, Daniel I.; Deuel, David C.; Collins, C. John; Lawrence, Paul J. N. (eds.).
1747:
1711:
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1508:
1467:
1383:
1367:
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1119:
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312:
223:
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92:
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943:
835:
780:
775:
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524:
417:
400:
297:
292:
287:
267:
1186:, Israel lacks in faith and the possession of the land is left to a new generation.
4545:
4445:
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4276:
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277:
272:
49:
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2702:
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2507:
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4024:
3942:
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3678:
3506:
3294:
2221:
1616:
1551:
A Plague Inflicted on Israel While Eating the Quail (illustration from the 1728
1523:
1475:
1195:
1107:
920:
915:
855:
850:
658:
386:
1080:. The book has a long and complex history; its final form is possibly due to a
4417:
3369:
3243:
3129:
2866:
2839:
1410:
1403:
1398:, who had no sons, are to share in the allotment. God orders Moses to appoint
1395:
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to kill anyone participating in this practice. When one of Aaron's grandsons,
1273:
and Aaron insult Moses at Hazeroth, which angers God; Miriam is punished with
1230:
1159:
1123:
1111:
541:
212:
157:
140:
2889:
2150:
2045:
3932:
3465:
3414:
3389:
1514:
1471:
1320:
910:
17:
2117:
2030:. Michael A. Grisanti, Eugene H. Merrill. Nashville: B & H Pub. Group.
1520:
Numbers is a Priestly redaction (i.e., editing) of a non-Priestly original.
2334:. In Coogan, Michael David; Brettler, Marc Zvi; Newsom, Carol Ann (eds.).
4439:
4009:
3996:
3975:
3922:
3917:
3424:
3409:
3149:
2977:
2336:
The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books
1375:
1335:
963:
953:
900:
895:
2203:
1257:, while the Gershonites and Merarites were headed by Aaron's other son,
4451:
4316:
3404:
3354:
3289:
2933:
2921:
2859:
2639:
Reverberations of Faith: A Theological Handbook of Old Testament Themes
1568:
1487:
1483:
1430:
1414:
1356:
1331:
1274:
1258:
1250:
1085:
340:
1194:
Most commentators divide Numbers into three sections based on locale (
4422:
4299:
3683:
3548:
3384:
3379:
3364:
3359:
3329:
3309:
3304:
3284:
3228:
3182:
3172:
3109:
3099:
3010:
2330:
Coogan, Michael David; Brettler, Marc Zvi; Newsom, Carol Ann (2007).
1733:
1445:
1418:
1399:
1351:
1343:
1290:
1282:
1270:
1245:
1226:
1222:
1179:
1139:
663:
366:
2958:
1860:
1218:
4262:
3583:
3537:
3501:
3460:
3394:
3374:
3344:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3279:
3202:
3197:
3139:
3134:
3124:
3039:
2992:
1768:
1746:(only appears twice in the Book of Numbers and seven times in the
1719:
1576:
1572:
1546:
1517:
is entirely Priestly and dates from the exilic/post-exilic period.
1511:
is an anthology drawn from nearly all periods of Israel's history.
1459:
1440:
1387:
1347:
1305:
1298:
1294:
1254:
1237:
1217:
1183:
1135:
1131:
1096:
1077:
65:
1249:
the Merarites, each under a chief. The Kohathites were headed by
1164:
journey to take possession of the land God promised their fathers
3299:
3269:
3253:
2444:
The Task of Old Testament Theology: Substance, Method, and Cases
1312:
1203:
3552:
3043:
2618:
Treasures Old and New: Essays in the Theology of the Pentateuch
2268:
Reading the Old Testament: An Introduction to the Hebrew Bible
1623:
of the text by invoking the miraculous "interference of God".
2660:
Sources of the Pentateuch: Texts, Introductions, Annotations
2027:
The World and the Word: an Introduction to the Old Testament
1634:
1334:. Here, the Israelites find themselves in conflict with the
1311:
Miriam dies at Kadesh Barnea and the Israelites set out for
1166:. As such it draws to a conclusion the themes introduced in
3419:
1339:
1289:
are sent out into Canaan and come back to report to Moses.
1261:. Preparations are then made for resuming the march to the
2815:
The Hebrew Bible Today: An Introduction to Critical Issues
2168:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2160:
1458:
The majority of modern biblical scholars believe that the
1817:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1832:
1830:
1326:
The Israelites arrive on the plains of Moab, across the
2422:. In Dunn, James D. G.; Rogerson, John William (eds.).
1942:
1940:
1635:
Judaism's weekly Torah portions in the Book of Numbers
2568:
Numbers (Brazos Theological Commentary on the Bible)
2069:
2067:
1931:
1919:
1425:
is divided among the tribes of Reuben, Gad, and the
1301:
by having to wander in the wilderness for 40 years.
1126:. The task before them is to take possession of the
1095:
Numbers is one of the better-preserved books of the
4480:
4398:
4352:
4250:
4095:
4058:
4023:
3994:
3956:
3901:
3808:
3792:
3590:
3525:
3489:
3448:
3262:
3211:
3148:
3077:
2397:Finkelstein, Israel; Silberman, Neil Asher (2002).
2357:. In Freedman, David Noel; Myers, Allen C. (eds.).
2290:. In Freedman, David Noel; Myers, Allen C. (eds.).
499:
489:
479:
456:
446:
436:
426:
416:
385:
375:
365:
242:
232:
222:
197:
187:
177:
167:
121:
111:
101:
91:
81:
2727:
1417:request Moses to assign them the land east of the
2488:Reading the Pentateuch: A Historical Introduction
1505:is made up of Priestly and non-Priestly material.
1433:, Joshua, and twelve princes, one of each tribe.
1122:and God has taken up residence among them in the
1699:, on Numbers 22–25: Balaam's donkey and blessing
2684:The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Ancient Israel
1651:, on Numbers 1–4: First census, priestly duties
3564:
3055:
1590:people were his and would bear his identity.
1490:(frequently treated as a single source), the
1005:
8:
2657:Campbell, Antony F; O'Brien, Mark A (1993).
2592:. Continuum International Publishing Group.
1626:According to Timothy R. Ashley's analysis:
2589:The Pentateuch: A Social-Science Commentary
1265:. Various ordinances and laws are decreed.
1158:Numbers is the culmination of the story of
1076:and the fourth of five books of the Jewish
1049:
3805:
3571:
3557:
3549:
3062:
3048:
3040:
2983:
1982:
1448:and the Angel (illustration from the 1493
1012:
998:
829:
699:
534:
353:
153:
59:
36:
2770:Knierim, Rolf P; Coats, George W (2005).
2216:
2214:
2202:
2019:
2017:
2015:
1821:
2886:'s translation and commentary at Ort.org
2869:(Jewish Publication Society translation)
2791:Kugler, Robert; Hartin, Patrick (2009).
2228:. Ada, MI: Baker Book House. p. 22.
2006:
1836:
1160:Israel's exodus from oppression in Egypt
2890:Bamidbar – Numbers (Judaica Press)
1970:
1958:
1895:
1795:
933:
887:
740:
702:
523:
470:
399:
356:
256:
211:
156:
48:
2547:Introduction to Reading the Pentateuch
2172:
2085:
1994:
1883:
1871:
1802:
1774:What hath God wrought (disambiguation)
1362:The longer the Israelites stay on the
1319:for speaking against God and Moses. A
476:
413:
362:
219:
164:
78:
2058:
1848:
7:
2850: – English at Mechon-Mamre.org)
2752:A Complete Introduction to the Bible
2187:"Large Numbers in the Old Testament"
2135:. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker Books.
1946:
1907:
1559:David A. Clines, in his influential
1386:has married a Midianite woman named
1323:is made to ward off these serpents.
1041:
4503:Other books referenced in the Bible
4462:New Testament manuscript categories
2680:"The Formation of the Hebrew Bible"
2102:. Philadelphia: Westminster Press.
2073:
1563:(1978), identified the overarching
4033:Testaments of the Three Patriarchs
1932:Coogan, Brettler & Newsom 2007
1088:source made sometime in the early
25:
1478:—reached its present form in the
2968:
2359:Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible
2292:Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible
1920:Finkelstein & Silberman 2002
1138:. They arrive at the borders of
40:
32:Book of Numbers (disambiguation)
4518:Biblical and Quranic narratives
2818:. Westminster John Knox Press.
2512:. Westminster John Knox Press.
1084:redaction (i.e., editing) of a
27:Fourth book of the Hebrew Bible
2531:The Torah: A Modern Commentary
2226:Calvin's Commentaries Volume 2
1151:ready for the crossing of the
1:
2953:Authorized King James Version
2749:Gilbert, Christopher (2009).
2470:. Wipf and Stock Publishers.
2462:Lawrence, Paul J. N. (2020).
2131:Bellinger, W. H. Jr. (2012).
1404:massacre the people of Midian
2943:New Revised Standard Version
2928:New Revised Standard Version
2794:An Introduction to the Bible
2722:Fretheim, Terence E (1998).
2636:Brueggemann, Walter (2002).
2615:Blenkinsopp, Joseph (2004).
2315:. Sheffield Academic Press.
2185:Wenham, J. W. (1967-05-01).
1739:Book of the Wars of the Lord
1561:The Themes of the Pentateuch
1346:, both of whom they defeat.
1072:) is the fourth book of the
2976:public domain audiobook at
2734:. Oxford University Press.
2682:. In Niditch, Susan (ed.).
2418:Houston, Walter J. (2003).
2338:. Oxford University Press.
2312:The Theme of the Pentateuch
2100:The Early History of Israel
4603:
4498:English Bible translations
3886:Song of the Three Children
3471:Ordeal of the bitter water
2892:translation at Chabad.org
2873:Numbers (The Living Torah)
2485:McDermott, John J (2002).
2265:Bandstra, Barry L (2004).
2244:Ashley, Timothy R (1993).
1638:
29:
4536:
3025:
3015:
3008:
3000:
2986:
2704:Introduction to the Bible
2701:Dawes, Gregory W (2005).
2686:. John Wiley & Sons.
2642:. Westminster John Knox.
2586:Van Seters, John (2004).
2424:Eerdmans Bible Commentary
1229:, and furnishings of the
2726:. In John Barton (ed.).
2565:Stubbs, David L (2009).
2544:Ska, Jean-Louis (2006).
2506:Olson, Dennis T (1996).
2441:Knierim, Rolf P (1995).
2353:Dozeman, Thomas (2000).
2309:Clines, David A (1997).
2098:Vaux, Roland de (1978).
4360:Intertestamental period
3335:Daughters of Zelophehad
2867:Numbers at Mechon-Mamre
2730:Oxford Bible Commentary
2678:Carr, David M. (2016).
2332:"Editors' Introduction"
1528:Deuteronomistic history
1240:, in the wilderness of
4344:Apocalyptic literature
3981:Paralipomena of Baruch
3249:Stations of the Exodus
2403:. Simon and Schuster.
1759:Ordeal of bitter water
1632:
1556:
1455:
1427:half-tribe of Manasseh
1233:
1069:
959:Paralipomena of Baruch
4508:Additional Scriptures
4472:New Testament uncials
2949:Numbers at Wikisource
2379:The Evolution of Adam
2024:Rooker, Mark (2011).
1628:
1550:
1444:
1317:fiery flying serpents
1221:
4577:5th-century BC books
4493:Bible version debate
4467:New Testament papyri
4413:Samaritan Pentateuch
4038:Testament of Abraham
3976:1, 2, and 3 Meqabyan
3533:Ketef Hinnom scrolls
2963:Douay-Rheims Version
2935:oremus Bible Browser
2923:oremus Bible Browser
2707:. Liturgical Press.
2376:Enns, Peter (2012).
2286:Carr, David (2000).
1754:Ketef Hinnom scrolls
1641:Weekly Torah portion
1536:Ketef Hinnom scrolls
1114:have received their
1101:Ketef Hinnom scrolls
954:1, 2, and 3 Meqabyan
30:For other uses, see
4435:Muratorian fragment
4370:New Testament canon
4365:Old Testament canon
4258:Chapters and verses
3876:Additions to Daniel
3842:Additions to Esther
3481:Water of lustration
2959:Numbers at drbo.org
2247:The Book of Numbers
2204:10.53751/001c.30680
1553:Figures de la Bible
1451:Nuremberg Chronicle
1099:. Fragments of the
880:Additions to Daniel
846:Additions to Esther
4048:Testament of Jacob
4043:Testament of Isaac
3928:Prayer of Manasseh
3891:Bel and the Dragon
3871:Letter of Jeremiah
2916:King James Version
2878:2011-08-01 at the
2663:. Fortress Press.
2288:"Genesis, Book of"
2133:Leviticus, Numbers
1557:
1480:post-Exilic period
1456:
1423:east of the Jordan
1234:
1202:and the plains of
1170:and played out in
1106:Numbers begins at
1036:, lit. 'numbers';
906:Prayer of Manasseh
875:Letter of Jeremiah
4559:
4558:
4528:Textual criticism
4091:
4090:
4015:Psalms of Solomon
3958:Orthodox Tewahedo
3546:
3545:
3476:Priestly Blessing
3234:Kibroth Hattaavah
3038:
3037:
3016:Succeeded by
2912:at GospelHall.org
2825:978-0-664-25652-4
2804:978-0-8028-4636-5
2783:978-0-8028-2231-4
2762:978-0-8091-4552-2
2755:. Paulist Press.
2741:978-0-19-875500-5
2714:978-0-8146-2835-5
2693:978-0-470-65677-8
2670:978-1-4514-1367-0
2649:978-0-664-22231-4
2628:978-0-8028-2679-4
2599:978-0-567-08088-2
2578:978-1-4412-0719-7
2557:978-1-57506-122-1
2519:978-0-664-23736-3
2498:978-0-8091-4082-4
2491:. Pauline Press.
2477:978-1-7252-5210-3
2454:978-0-8028-0715-1
2433:978-0-8028-3711-0
2410:978-0-7432-2338-6
2389:978-1-58743-315-3
2368:978-90-5356-503-2
2355:"Exodus, Book of"
2345:978-0-19-528880-3
2322:978-0-567-43196-7
2301:978-90-5356-503-2
2278:978-0-495-39105-0
2257:978-0-8028-2523-0
2175:, pp. 65–66.
2142:978-0-8010-4560-8
2037:978-1-4336-7374-0
1922:, pp. 68–69.
1779:Wilderness of Sin
1764:Priestly Blessing
1364:plains of Shittim
1281:on the border of
1116:laws and covenant
1022:
1021:
982:
981:
976:
975:
935:Orthodox Tewahedo
861:Wisdom of Solomon
813:
812:
519:
518:
513:
512:
509:
508:
466:
465:
395:
394:
331:
330:
252:
251:
207:
206:
131:
130:
16:(Redirected from
4594:
4408:Dead Sea Scrolls
4390:Dating the Bible
4268:Historical books
3905:Eastern Orthodox
3818:Eastern Orthodox
3806:
3799:
3573:
3566:
3559:
3550:
3517:Textual variants
3456:Covenant of salt
3430:The Twelve Spies
3219:Cities of Refuge
3064:
3057:
3050:
3041:
3001:Preceded by
2988:Book of Numbers
2984:
2980:Various versions
2972:
2971:
2829:
2808:
2787:
2766:
2745:
2733:
2718:
2697:
2674:
2653:
2632:
2603:
2582:
2571:. Brazos Press.
2561:
2523:
2502:
2481:
2458:
2437:
2414:
2393:
2372:
2349:
2326:
2305:
2282:
2261:
2230:
2229:
2218:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2191:Tyndale Bulletin
2182:
2176:
2170:
2155:
2154:
2128:
2122:
2121:
2095:
2089:
2083:
2077:
2071:
2062:
2056:
2050:
2049:
2021:
2010:
2009:, p. 28–29.
2004:
1998:
1992:
1986:
1980:
1974:
1968:
1962:
1956:
1950:
1944:
1935:
1929:
1923:
1917:
1911:
1905:
1899:
1893:
1887:
1881:
1875:
1874:, p. 19–20.
1869:
1863:
1861:Numbers 13:31–33
1858:
1852:
1846:
1840:
1834:
1825:
1819:
1806:
1800:
1210:historical one.
1063:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1043:
1014:
1007:
1000:
830:
826:
824:Deuterocanonical
700:
696:
652:
588:
544:
535:
529:
477:
414:
407:
363:
354:
349:
345:
220:
165:
154:
149:
145:
79:
74:
70:
60:
54:
44:
37:
21:
4602:
4601:
4597:
4596:
4595:
4593:
4592:
4591:
4572:Book of Numbers
4562:
4561:
4560:
4555:
4532:
4476:
4394:
4385:Christian canon
4348:
4283:Prophetic books
4246:
4177:2 Thessalonians
4172:1 Thessalonians
4087:
4054:
4019:
3990:
3952:
3911:
3897:
3825:
3797:
3796:
3788:
3599:
3595:
3586:
3577:
3547:
3542:
3521:
3485:
3444:
3400:Nadab and Abihu
3340:Eldad and Medad
3258:
3224:Desert of Paran
3207:
3144:
3073:
3071:Book of Numbers
3068:
3030:
3021:
3006:
2996:
2989:
2969:
2880:Wayback Machine
2857:
2844: – Numbers
2836:
2826:
2811:
2805:
2790:
2784:
2769:
2763:
2748:
2742:
2721:
2715:
2700:
2694:
2677:
2671:
2656:
2650:
2635:
2629:
2614:
2611:
2609:Further reading
2606:
2600:
2585:
2579:
2564:
2558:
2550:. Eisenbrauns.
2543:
2520:
2505:
2499:
2484:
2478:
2461:
2455:
2440:
2434:
2417:
2411:
2396:
2390:
2382:. Baker Books.
2375:
2369:
2352:
2346:
2329:
2323:
2308:
2302:
2285:
2279:
2264:
2258:
2243:
2239:
2234:
2233:
2220:
2219:
2212:
2184:
2183:
2179:
2171:
2158:
2143:
2130:
2129:
2125:
2110:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2084:
2080:
2072:
2065:
2057:
2053:
2038:
2023:
2022:
2013:
2005:
2001:
1993:
1989:
1983:Van Seters 2004
1981:
1977:
1969:
1965:
1957:
1953:
1945:
1938:
1930:
1926:
1918:
1914:
1906:
1902:
1894:
1890:
1882:
1878:
1870:
1866:
1859:
1855:
1847:
1843:
1835:
1828:
1820:
1809:
1801:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1730:
1643:
1637:
1608:
1545:
1492:Priestly source
1474:, Numbers, and
1439:
1279:desert of Paran
1216:
1192:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1038:Biblical Hebrew
1026:Book of Numbers
1018:
978:
977:
827:
822:
815:
814:
697:
692:
685:
684:
683:
653:
648:
641:
640:
639:
589:
584:
577:
576:
575:
545:
540:
527:
515:
514:
405:
351:
347:
341:
333:
332:
327:
151:
147:
141:
133:
132:
76:
72:
66:
52:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4600:
4598:
4590:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4564:
4563:
4557:
4556:
4554:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4537:
4534:
4533:
4531:
4530:
4525:
4523:Synod of Hippo
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4484:
4482:
4478:
4477:
4475:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4457:Masoretic Text
4454:
4449:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4404:
4402:
4396:
4395:
4393:
4392:
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4377:
4372:
4367:
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4356:
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4350:
4349:
4347:
4346:
4341:
4340:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4314:
4313:
4312:
4307:
4297:
4296:
4295:
4293:Minor prophets
4290:
4288:Major prophets
4280:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4254:
4252:
4248:
4247:
4245:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4101:
4099:
4093:
4092:
4089:
4088:
4086:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4074:
4073:
4066:Pseudepigrapha
4062:
4060:
4059:Classification
4056:
4055:
4053:
4052:
4051:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4029:
4027:
4021:
4020:
4018:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4005:Psalms 152–155
4001:
3999:
3992:
3991:
3989:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3962:
3960:
3954:
3953:
3951:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3914:
3912:
3910:
3909:
3906:
3902:
3899:
3898:
3896:
3895:
3894:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3873:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3828:
3826:
3824:
3823:
3820:
3815:
3809:
3803:
3790:
3789:
3787:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3659:1–2 Chronicles
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3605:
3603:
3588:
3587:
3578:
3576:
3575:
3568:
3561:
3553:
3544:
3543:
3541:
3540:
3535:
3529:
3527:
3523:
3522:
3520:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3497:Numbers Rabbah
3493:
3491:
3487:
3486:
3484:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3452:
3450:
3446:
3445:
3443:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3266:
3264:
3260:
3259:
3257:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3239:Levitical city
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3215:
3213:
3209:
3208:
3206:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3154:
3152:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3081:
3079:
3075:
3074:
3069:
3067:
3066:
3059:
3052:
3044:
3036:
3035:
3023:
3022:
3017:
3014:
3007:
3002:
2998:
2997:
2990:
2987:
2982:
2981:
2974:Bible: Numbers
2966:
2956:
2946:
2931:
2919:
2906:
2899:translations:
2894:
2893:
2887:
2870:
2862:translations:
2856:
2853:
2852:
2851:
2835:
2834:External links
2832:
2831:
2830:
2824:
2809:
2803:
2788:
2782:
2767:
2761:
2746:
2740:
2719:
2713:
2698:
2692:
2675:
2669:
2654:
2648:
2633:
2627:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2604:
2598:
2583:
2577:
2562:
2556:
2541:
2527:Plaut, Gunther
2524:
2518:
2503:
2497:
2482:
2476:
2459:
2453:
2438:
2432:
2415:
2409:
2394:
2388:
2373:
2367:
2350:
2344:
2327:
2321:
2306:
2300:
2283:
2277:
2262:
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2240:
2238:
2235:
2232:
2231:
2210:
2177:
2156:
2141:
2123:
2108:
2090:
2078:
2063:
2051:
2036:
2011:
1999:
1987:
1975:
1973:, p. 102.
1963:
1961:, p. 443.
1951:
1949:, p. 492.
1936:
1924:
1912:
1900:
1898:, p. 381.
1888:
1886:, p. 2–3.
1876:
1864:
1853:
1841:
1826:
1822:McDermott 2002
1807:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1782:
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1776:
1771:
1766:
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1756:
1751:
1748:Book of Psalms
1741:
1736:
1729:
1726:
1725:
1724:
1716:
1708:
1700:
1692:
1684:
1676:
1668:
1660:
1652:
1639:Main article:
1636:
1633:
1607:
1606:Census numbers
1604:
1544:
1541:
1532:
1531:
1521:
1518:
1512:
1506:
1462:—the books of
1438:
1435:
1378:, finds out a
1368:local religion
1321:brazen serpent
1215:
1212:
1191:
1188:
1149:plains of Moab
1090:Persian period
1020:
1019:
1017:
1016:
1009:
1002:
994:
991:
990:
984:
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980:
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883:
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868:
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809:
808:
803:
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793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
745:
744:
742:Minor prophets
738:
737:
736:
735:
730:
725:
720:
715:
707:
706:
704:Major prophets
698:
691:
690:
687:
686:
682:
681:
676:
671:
666:
661:
655:
654:
647:
646:
643:
642:
638:
637:
632:
627:
622:
620:1–2 Chronicles
617:
612:
607:
602:
597:
591:
590:
583:
582:
579:
578:
574:
573:
568:
563:
558:
553:
547:
546:
539:
538:
531:
530:
528:(Christianity)
521:
520:
517:
516:
511:
510:
507:
506:
505:Divre Hayyamim
503:
497:
496:
493:
487:
486:
483:
473:
472:
468:
467:
464:
463:
460:
454:
453:
450:
444:
443:
440:
434:
433:
430:
424:
423:
420:
410:
409:
397:
396:
393:
392:
389:
383:
382:
379:
373:
372:
369:
359:
358:
352:
339:
338:
335:
334:
329:
328:
326:
325:
320:
315:
310:
305:
300:
295:
290:
285:
280:
275:
270:
264:
261:
260:
254:
253:
250:
249:
246:
240:
239:
236:
230:
229:
226:
216:
215:
209:
208:
205:
204:
201:
195:
194:
191:
185:
184:
181:
175:
174:
171:
161:
160:
152:
139:
138:
135:
134:
129:
128:
125:
119:
118:
115:
109:
108:
105:
99:
98:
95:
89:
88:
85:
77:
64:
63:
56:
55:
46:
45:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4599:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4569:
4567:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4538:
4535:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4485:
4483:
4479:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4447:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4430:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4405:
4403:
4401:
4397:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4357:
4355:
4351:
4345:
4342:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4319:
4318:
4315:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4302:
4301:
4298:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4285:
4284:
4281:
4278:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4255:
4253:
4249:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4167:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4140:2 Corinthians
4138:
4136:
4135:1 Corinthians
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4102:
4100:
4098:
4097:New Testament
4094:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4078:New Testament
4076:
4072:
4069:
4068:
4067:
4064:
4063:
4061:
4057:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4035:
4034:
4031:
4030:
4028:
4026:
4022:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4002:
4000:
3998:
3993:
3987:
3986:Broader canon
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3963:
3961:
3959:
3955:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3915:
3913:
3907:
3904:
3903:
3900:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3878:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3829:
3827:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3810:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3795:
3791:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3699:Song of Songs
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3606:
3604:
3602:
3598:
3597:Old Testament
3593:
3589:
3585:
3581:
3574:
3569:
3567:
3562:
3560:
3555:
3554:
3551:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3530:
3528:
3524:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3512:Star Prophecy
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3494:
3492:
3488:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3453:
3451:
3447:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3267:
3265:
3261:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3216:
3214:
3210:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3155:
3153:
3151:
3147:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3065:
3060:
3058:
3053:
3051:
3046:
3045:
3042:
3034:
3033:
3032:Old Testament
3029:
3024:
3020:
3013:
3012:
3005:
2999:
2995:
2994:
2985:
2979:
2975:
2967:
2964:
2960:
2957:
2954:
2950:
2947:
2944:
2941:
2937:
2936:
2932:
2929:
2925:
2924:
2920:
2917:
2913:
2911:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2891:
2888:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2874:
2871:
2868:
2865:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2854:
2849:
2845:
2843:
2838:
2837:
2833:
2827:
2821:
2817:
2816:
2810:
2806:
2800:
2796:
2795:
2789:
2785:
2779:
2775:
2774:
2768:
2764:
2758:
2754:
2753:
2747:
2743:
2737:
2732:
2731:
2725:
2720:
2716:
2710:
2706:
2705:
2699:
2695:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2676:
2672:
2666:
2662:
2661:
2655:
2651:
2645:
2641:
2640:
2634:
2630:
2624:
2620:
2619:
2613:
2612:
2608:
2601:
2595:
2591:
2590:
2584:
2580:
2574:
2570:
2569:
2563:
2559:
2553:
2549:
2548:
2542:
2540:
2539:0-8074-0055-6
2536:
2532:
2528:
2525:
2521:
2515:
2511:
2510:
2504:
2500:
2494:
2490:
2489:
2483:
2479:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2460:
2456:
2450:
2446:
2445:
2439:
2435:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2416:
2412:
2406:
2402:
2401:
2395:
2391:
2385:
2381:
2380:
2374:
2370:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2351:
2347:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2328:
2324:
2318:
2314:
2313:
2307:
2303:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2284:
2280:
2274:
2271:. Wadsworth.
2270:
2269:
2263:
2259:
2253:
2249:
2248:
2242:
2241:
2236:
2227:
2223:
2217:
2215:
2211:
2205:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2181:
2178:
2174:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2157:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2138:
2134:
2127:
2124:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2109:0-664-20762-6
2105:
2101:
2094:
2091:
2088:, p. 62.
2087:
2082:
2079:
2076:, p. 38.
2075:
2070:
2068:
2064:
2061:, p. 14.
2060:
2055:
2052:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2033:
2029:
2028:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2007:Bandstra 2004
2003:
2000:
1997:, p. 29.
1996:
1991:
1988:
1985:, p. 93.
1984:
1979:
1976:
1972:
1967:
1964:
1960:
1955:
1952:
1948:
1943:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1928:
1925:
1921:
1916:
1913:
1909:
1904:
1901:
1897:
1892:
1889:
1885:
1880:
1877:
1873:
1868:
1865:
1862:
1857:
1854:
1850:
1845:
1842:
1839:, p. 58.
1838:
1837:Lawrence 2020
1833:
1831:
1827:
1824:, p. 21.
1823:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1799:
1796:
1789:
1784:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1749:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1727:
1722:
1721:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1709:
1706:
1705:
1701:
1698:
1697:
1693:
1690:
1689:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1669:
1666:
1665:
1661:
1658:
1657:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1645:
1644:
1642:
1631:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1618:
1612:
1605:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1585:
1580:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1554:
1549:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1534:However, the
1529:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1499:
1497:
1496:Deuteronomist
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1453:
1452:
1447:
1443:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1407:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1391:
1389:
1385:
1382:prince named
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1360:
1358:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1309:
1307:
1302:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1266:
1264:
1263:Promised Land
1260:
1256:
1252:
1247:
1246:tribe of Levi
1243:
1239:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1213:
1211:
1207:
1205:
1201:
1200:Kadesh-Barnea
1197:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1156:
1154:
1150:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1128:Promised Land
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1093:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1047:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1015:
1010:
1008:
1003:
1001:
996:
995:
993:
992:
989:
986:
985:
970:
969:Broader canon
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
941:
940:
939:
936:
932:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
893:
892:
891:
888:Orthodox only
886:
881:
878:
876:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
833:
832:
831:
825:
819:
818:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
748:
747:
746:
743:
739:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
710:
709:
708:
705:
701:
695:
689:
688:
680:
679:Song of Songs
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
656:
651:
645:
644:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
592:
587:
581:
580:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
548:
543:
537:
536:
533:
532:
526:
525:Old Testament
522:
504:
502:
498:
494:
492:
491:Ezra–Nehemiah
488:
484:
482:
478:
475:
474:
469:
461:
459:
455:
451:
449:
445:
441:
439:
435:
431:
429:
425:
422:Shir Hashirim
421:
419:
418:Song of Songs
415:
412:
411:
408:
404:
398:
390:
388:
384:
380:
378:
374:
370:
368:
364:
361:
360:
355:
350:
344:
337:
336:
324:
321:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
286:
284:
281:
279:
276:
274:
271:
269:
266:
265:
263:
262:
259:
255:
247:
245:
241:
237:
235:
231:
227:
225:
221:
218:
217:
214:
210:
202:
200:
196:
192:
190:
186:
182:
180:
176:
172:
170:
166:
163:
162:
159:
155:
150:
144:
137:
136:
126:
124:
120:
116:
114:
110:
106:
104:
100:
96:
94:
90:
86:
84:
80:
75:
73:(Instruction)
69:
62:
61:
58:
57:
51:
47:
43:
39:
38:
33:
19:
4446:Vetus Latina
4444:
4427:
4380:Jewish canon
4375:Antilegomena
4277:Poetic Books
4273:Wisdom books
4251:Subdivisions
4164:
3869: /
3794:Deuterocanon
3714:Lamentations
3694:Ecclesiastes
3623:
3601:(protocanon)
3592:Hebrew Bible
3350:The Gatherer
3168:Behaalotecha
3070:
3026:
3011:Hebrew Bible
3009:
2991:
2939:
2934:
2922:
2910:Online Bible
2909:
2895:
2884:Aryeh Kaplan
2858:
2855:Translations
2841:
2814:
2797:. Eerdmans.
2793:
2776:. Eerdmans.
2772:
2751:
2729:
2703:
2683:
2659:
2638:
2621:. Eerdmans.
2617:
2588:
2567:
2546:
2530:
2508:
2487:
2467:
2447:. Eerdmans.
2443:
2426:. Eerdmans.
2423:
2399:
2378:
2361:. Eerdmans.
2358:
2335:
2311:
2294:. Eerdmans.
2291:
2267:
2250:. Eerdmans.
2246:
2225:
2222:Calvin, John
2197:(1): 19–53.
2194:
2190:
2180:
2132:
2126:
2099:
2093:
2081:
2054:
2026:
2002:
1990:
1978:
1971:Houston 2003
1966:
1959:Dozeman 2000
1954:
1934:, p. 6.
1927:
1915:
1910:, p. 5.
1903:
1896:Knierim 1995
1891:
1879:
1867:
1856:
1851:, p. 9.
1844:
1805:, p. 1.
1798:
1744:Inverted nun
1718:
1710:
1702:
1694:
1686:
1678:
1670:
1664:Behaalotecha
1662:
1654:
1646:
1629:
1625:
1613:
1609:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1581:
1560:
1558:
1552:
1533:
1457:
1449:
1408:
1392:
1361:
1328:River Jordan
1325:
1310:
1303:
1287:Twelve spies
1267:
1235:
1208:
1193:
1157:
1153:Jordan River
1144:twelve spies
1110:, where the
1105:
1094:
1074:Hebrew Bible
1070:Liber Numeri
1045:
1033:
1025:
1023:
988:Bible portal
873: /
723:Lamentations
674:Ecclesiastes
565:
448:Ecclesiastes
438:Lamentations
402:
342:
142:
112:
67:
50:Hebrew Bible
18:Book of Num.
4582:Torah books
4551:WikiProject
4429:Diatessaron
4400:Manuscripts
4353:Development
4155:Philippians
4025:Beta Israel
3943:4 Maccabees
3938:3 Maccabees
3852:2 Maccabees
3847:1 Maccabees
3629:Deuteronomy
3526:Manuscripts
3507:Sifri Zutta
3295:Ammishaddai
3019:Deuteronomy
2420:"Leviticus"
2173:Ashley 1993
2086:Clines 1997
1995:Clines 1997
1884:Ashley 1993
1872:Stubbs 2009
1803:Ashley 1993
1617:John Calvin
1524:Deuteronomy
1476:Deuteronomy
1437:Composition
1236:God orders
1196:Mount Sinai
1184:his priests
1108:Mount Sinai
1042:בְּמִדְבַּר
921:4 Maccabees
916:3 Maccabees
856:2 Maccabees
851:1 Maccabees
571:Deuteronomy
123:Deuteronomy
4587:The Exodus
4566:Categories
4488:Authorship
4418:Septuagint
4263:Pentateuch
4242:Revelation
4166:Laodiceans
4160:Colossians
3649:1–2 Samuel
3370:Kohathites
3244:Mount Seir
2993:Pentateuch
2940:Anglicized
2059:Olson 1996
1849:Olson 1996
1785:References
1494:, and the
1411:Reubenites
1396:Zelophehad
1342:, king of
1231:Tabernacle
1162:and their
1112:Israelites
1097:Pentateuch
1059:In desert
610:1–2 Samuel
586:Historical
542:Pentateuch
501:Chronicles
471:Historical
348:(Writings)
148:(Prophets)
4327:Johannine
4187:2 Timothy
4182:1 Timothy
4150:Ephesians
4145:Galatians
3933:Psalm 151
3801:apocrypha
3779:Zechariah
3769:Zephaniah
3654:1–2 Kings
3619:Leviticus
3466:Nehushtan
3415:Nethaneel
3390:Merarites
3028:Christian
3004:Leviticus
2897:Christian
2724:"Numbers"
2151:793844579
2046:782868195
1947:Carr 2000
1908:Enns 2012
1790:Citations
1621:inerrancy
1584:covenants
1515:Leviticus
1472:Leviticus
1380:Simeonite
1253:, son of
1190:Structure
1176:Leviticus
1142:and send
1124:sanctuary
1086:Yahwistic
1032:Ἀριθμοί,
911:Psalm 151
801:Zechariah
791:Zephaniah
694:Prophetic
615:1–2 Kings
561:Leviticus
406:(Scrolls)
318:Zechariah
308:Zephaniah
248:Yekhezqel
238:Yirmeyahu
228:Yeshayahu
103:Leviticus
53:(Judaism)
4541:Category
4440:Peshitta
4337:Catholic
4332:Pastoral
4317:Epistles
4310:Synoptic
4197:Philemon
4010:2 Baruch
3997:Peshitta
3971:Jubilees
3923:2 Esdras
3918:1 Esdras
3813:Catholic
3764:Habakkuk
3709:Jeremiah
3689:Proverbs
3669:Nehemiah
3490:Analysis
3425:Phinehas
3410:Nehemiah
3193:Pinechas
3158:Bemidbar
3150:Parashah
3078:Chapters
2978:LibriVox
2876:Archived
2842:Bamidbar
2533:(1981),
2224:(1996).
2074:Ska 2006
1728:See also
1704:Pinechas
1648:Bemidbar
1486:and the
1413:and the
1376:Phinehas
1357:a figure
1336:Amorites
1082:Priestly
1046:Bəmīḏbar
1034:Arithmoi
964:Josippon
949:Jubilees
901:2 Esdras
896:1 Esdras
786:Habakkuk
718:Jeremiah
669:Proverbs
630:Nehemiah
485:Daniyyel
403:Megillot
377:Proverbs
371:Tehillim
303:Habakkuk
234:Jeremiah
203:Melakhim
183:Shofetim
173:Yehoshua
117:Bemidbar
87:Bereshit
4513:Studies
4481:Related
4452:Vulgate
4322:Pauline
4300:Gospels
4217:2 Peter
4212:1 Peter
4202:Hebrews
4105:Matthew
3995:Syriac
3881:Susanna
3784:Malachi
3744:Obadiah
3719:Ezekiel
3624:Numbers
3609:Genesis
3582:of the
3405:Nahshon
3380:Levites
3355:Gershon
3290:Ammihud
2904:Numbers
2773:Numbers
2509:Numbers
2237:Sources
2118:3669566
1569:Abraham
1503:Genesis
1488:Elohist
1484:Yahwist
1464:Genesis
1431:Eleazar
1415:Gadites
1332:Jericho
1275:leprosy
1259:Ithamar
1251:Eleazar
1214:Summary
1168:Genesis
1053:
806:Malachi
766:Obadiah
728:Ezekiel
566:Numbers
551:Genesis
452:Qohelet
381:Mishlei
343:Ketuvim
323:Malachi
283:Obadiah
244:Ezekiel
193:Shemuel
143:Nevi'im
127:Devarim
113:Numbers
107:Wayiqra
83:Genesis
4546:Portal
4423:Targum
4232:3 John
4227:2 John
4222:1 John
4130:Romans
4083:Jewish
3908:Others
3867:Baruch
3862:Sirach
3857:Wisdom
3837:Judith
3822:Others
3774:Haggai
3724:Daniel
3704:Isaiah
3684:Psalms
3674:Esther
3639:Judges
3634:Joshua
3614:Exodus
3435:Tirzah
3385:Merari
3365:Joshua
3360:Gilead
3330:Dathan
3310:Balaam
3305:Asriel
3285:Ammiel
3275:Ahihud
3263:People
3229:Eshcol
3212:Places
3183:Chukat
3178:Korach
3173:Shlach
2882:Rabbi
2860:Jewish
2848:Hebrew
2840:במדבר
2822:
2801:
2780:
2759:
2738:
2711:
2690:
2667:
2646:
2625:
2596:
2575:
2554:
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2430:
2407:
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2342:
2319:
2298:
2275:
2254:
2149:
2139:
2116:
2106:
2044:
2034:
1734:Balaam
1688:Chukat
1680:Korach
1672:Shlach
1543:Themes
1509:Exodus
1468:Exodus
1446:Balaam
1419:Jordan
1400:Joshua
1372:judges
1352:Balaam
1344:Bashan
1291:Joshua
1283:Canaan
1271:Miriam
1227:Levite
1223:Priest
1180:Canaan
1172:Exodus
1140:Canaan
1028:(from
871:Baruch
866:Sirach
841:Judith
796:Haggai
733:Daniel
713:Isaiah
664:Psalms
650:Wisdom
635:Esther
600:Judges
595:Joshua
556:Exodus
481:Daniel
458:Esther
442:Eikhah
367:Psalms
357:Poetic
346:
313:Haggai
258:Minor
224:Isaiah
213:Latter
189:Samuel
179:Judges
169:Joshua
158:Former
146:
97:Shemot
93:Exodus
71:
4207:James
4192:Titus
3966:Enoch
3832:Tobit
3759:Nahum
3754:Micah
3749:Jonah
3729:Hosea
3584:Bible
3580:Books
3538:4Q121
3502:Sifre
3461:Manna
3449:Terms
3440:Zimri
3395:Moses
3375:Korah
3345:Eliab
3325:Cozbi
3320:Caleb
3315:Balak
3280:Ahira
3203:Masei
3198:Matot
3188:Balak
3140:33–36
3120:25–30
3115:22–25
3110:19–22
3105:16–18
3100:13–15
1769:Torah
1720:Masei
1712:Matot
1696:Balak
1577:Jacob
1573:Isaac
1565:theme
1460:Torah
1388:Cozbi
1384:Zimri
1348:Balak
1330:from
1306:Korah
1299:faith
1295:Caleb
1255:Aaron
1242:Sinai
1238:Moses
1136:Aaron
1132:Moses
1118:from
1078:Torah
1066:Latin
1030:Greek
944:Enoch
836:Tobit
781:Nahum
776:Micah
771:Jonah
751:Hosea
462:Ester
401:Five
298:Nahum
293:Micah
288:Jonah
268:Hosea
199:Kings
68:Torah
4305:List
4237:Jude
4125:Acts
4120:John
4115:Luke
4110:Mark
4071:list
3948:Odes
3739:Amos
3734:Joel
3664:Ezra
3644:Ruth
3300:Anak
3270:Agag
3254:Zoan
3163:Naso
3095:8–12
2820:ISBN
2799:ISBN
2778:ISBN
2757:ISBN
2736:ISBN
2709:ISBN
2688:ISBN
2665:ISBN
2644:ISBN
2623:ISBN
2594:ISBN
2573:ISBN
2552:ISBN
2535:ISBN
2514:ISBN
2493:ISBN
2472:ISBN
2449:ISBN
2428:ISBN
2405:ISBN
2384:ISBN
2363:ISBN
2340:ISBN
2317:ISBN
2296:ISBN
2273:ISBN
2252:ISBN
2147:OCLC
2137:ISBN
2114:OCLC
2104:ISBN
2042:OCLC
2032:ISBN
1656:Naso
1575:and
1409:The
1338:and
1313:Moab
1293:and
1204:Moab
1174:and
1134:and
1050:lit.
1024:The
926:Odes
761:Amos
756:Joel
625:Ezra
605:Ruth
495:Ezra
428:Ruth
391:Iyov
278:Amos
273:Joel
3798:and
3679:Job
3090:4–7
3085:1–4
2199:doi
1120:God
659:Job
432:Rut
387:Job
4568::
3420:Og
3135:32
3130:31
3125:30
2529:.
2213:^
2195:18
2193:.
2189:.
2159:^
2145:.
2112:.
2066:^
2040:.
2014:^
1939:^
1829:^
1810:^
1571:,
1470:,
1466:,
1340:Og
1285:.
1225:,
1198:,
1155:.
1068::
1064:;
1048:,
1044:,
1040::
4279:)
4275:(
3594:/
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2914:(
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2807:.
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2717:.
2696:.
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2631:.
2602:.
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2560:.
2522:.
2501:.
2480:.
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2371:.
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2120:.
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