591:
215:
203:
191:
179:
167:
115:
768:
1013:. Although the ground was unsuitable for cavalry, Lambert nevertheless attacked, driving their outposts back to Winnington Bridge, where they attempted a stand, before retreating after a "fierce but brief" battle. The rebel cavalry was quickly routed, while their infantry escaped into some nearby enclosures. The government army made no effort to pursue them and losses were minimal on both sides; Lambert reported 30 rebels killed at Winnington Bridge, the only notable casualty being Captain Edward Morgan of
149:
137:
103:
1026:
370:
484:
39:
845:
803:
859:
817:
831:
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775:
964:
exiles, or retreating towards North Wales, Booth resorted to "wandering about in mid-Cheshire to the dismay of his fellow leaders". Lambert responded to an attempt to open negotiations by demanding he surrender; when a second approach was made by a group of
Presbyterian ministers, it simply confirmed his opponents wanted to avoid fighting.
674:
1088:
Although Booth was created 1st Baron
Delamer, the failure of their uprising only a few months prior to the Restoration meant that he and many other Cheshire insurgents saw relatively little reward for their efforts. This disappointment, along with local distaste for Charles's religious policies after
892:
Since he was assured of
Royalist support, Booth focused on appealing to fellow Presbyterians, combined with attacks on the Rump's corruption, and a promise to the "undeceived part of the Army" to increase their pay. This approach was relatively successful; unlike other parts of the country, he gained
439:
Underlying these concerns was a growing fear that a "social and religious revolution was imminent". There was a widespread perception the Army and Rump
Parliament were actively supporting religious radicals and undermining the gentry's traditional leading role in society. This was heightened when in
700:
While not necessarily a setback nationally, realisation the government had been alerted probably discouraged many from joining on 1 August, as did a "dismal letter of foreboding" from the Sealed Knot received by local conspirators on 31 July. Local risings began as ordered on 1 August, but it soon
633:
as "Cromwell's hangmen". This record of opposition to the regime, social position and wealth combined to make him an attractive figure to the "Great Trust". After meeting
Mordaunt several times in London, he joined the conspiracy and returned to Cheshire in May; by July, he had secured a number of
963:
Learning of
Lambert's approach, Booth appeared uncertain on how to respond, but first attempted to appeal to his soldiers directly by issuing a new communication, the "Express". Faced with the choice of confronting Lambert's veterans, returning to Chester to await the arrival of Charles and his
752:
In
Cheshire, Booth seems to have considered cancelling the rising, but as 31 July was a Sunday, many Presbyterian clergy had called on their congregations to join him. This meant men were already being assembled and arms gathered, giving the leaders little choice but to continue; Booth mustered
1036:
Most of the gentry leaders fled, and then surrendered, following the battle. Chester surrendered to
Lambert on 21 August, followed by Liverpool shortly afterwards; the rest of Cheshire and Lancashire were back in government hands within a week. The last to submit were the remaining North Wales
761:, Booth's colleague during the First English Civil War. He was advised of the letters intercepted on 28 July, but made little effort to stop the rising; Birch was instrumental in the appointment of Newcome to the Manchester Collegiate Church in 1656, and his sympathies may have been divided.
533:
who argued since there was no guarantee when or where external help would arrive, a decentralised series of local risings would be most flexible. It envisaged uniting impoverished ex-Royalists with disaffected
Presbyterians, suggesting Charles encourage the latter by promising "to settle all
1048:
after a suspicious innkeeper noted his 'female' guest asking for a barber and a razor: by the end of August he was in custody in London. Mordaunt himself evaded efforts to locate him and escaped the country in
September. Despite news of the failures outside Cheshire, Charles travelled to
497:
With Charles growing increasingly impatient, Hyde secured his own position at court and control of the conspiracy by supporting it. Based on his advice, on 1 March 1659 Charles created the "Great Trust and Commission", which comprised the six members of the Sealed Knot plus
565:
By July 1659 Mordaunt felt there was a good chance of success with "confusion now so great dayly and hourely considerable people turn to the King"; in addition to those already mentioned, his agents also claimed support from influential moderate Presbyterians such as
947:
to suppress it. Two regiments of foot left London on 5 August; Lambert followed the next day with the cavalry and made rapid progress, despite heavy rain and initial near-mutiny among his men due to lack of pay. A brigade of 1,500 foot and horse under Colonels
436:, and deep political divisions meant it was unable to provide stable government. In May 1659, the Army removed Richard Cromwell and re-seated the Rump Parliament; political uncertainty created a situation Royalist agents and the Stuart exiles hoped to exploit.
653:, largely because of the strength of local Catholicism and its association with Royalism. However, in July 1659 Parliament passed a new Militia Act further reducing the power of the old elite, while it was falsely claimed local 'religious schismatics', or
1061:
While nearly all the leadership in the Cheshire rising were captured, apart from Whitley, the political background meant they went largely unpunished. Belasyse was arrested on 16 August; accused by Booth of being the main ringleader, he was held in the
642:; in 1646, he was 'one of the most powerful and influential men in England', but he retired to London, leaving a power vacuum. Other factors were the continuing erosion of the gentry's status under the Commonwealth, and the deeply unpopular
1976:
330:, sometimes described as the final battle of the Civil War. Liverpool and Chester surrendered soon after; although Booth was captured and briefly imprisoned, he escaped punishment. The Commonwealth collapsed in 1660, leading to
637:
Although not generally considered a disaffected area, circumstances combined to make Cheshire a suitable recruiting ground. During the First Civil War, Booth's main local rival for leadership of the Parliamentarian cause was
935:, the area's principal town, drawing in other local sympathisers. Unlike Booth, many of his followers were Royalists, and in contrast to the cautious "Declaration", Myddelton openly proclaimed Charles as King on 7 August.
688:
Despite the ongoing political instability, the government intelligence service continued to function and was aware of a planned revolt. As early as 9 July, orders were issued to local militias, while the Navy blockaded
480:, another of its leaders. By 1659, Hyde, Ormond and the Sealed Knot felt the Commonwealth was collapsing on its own but a faction known as the "Action Party" argued this only be achieved immediately by an uprising.
885:, where he issued a "Declaration" and a second manifesto titled "A Letter to a Friend". This omitted any mention of Charles, stating only that the rebels wanted the readmission of excluded members of the
994:
and on 18 August, he almost caught Booth's forces by surprise; they were saved only by a rapid withdrawal ordered by Roger Whitley. Lambert's scouts made contact with Booth's rearguard in the
896:
On 3 August sympathisers in Chester allowed Booth into the city; as more recruits came in, his force grew to around 3,000. The governor, Captain Thomas Croxton, and his militia took refuge in
582:
stating that "the time draws near for action". Fearing further delays would result in the plans being discovered by the government, Mordaunt issued an order for a general rising on 1 August.
506:. Realising his colleagues had little enthusiasm for a revolt they viewed as both unwise and unnecessary, Mordaunt began recruiting others. They included former Royalist officers like
590:
693:, the port through which Charles was most likely to sail for England. On 28 July, the authorities received confirmation of the plan when they intercepted letters from Mordaunt to
649:
These issues were mirrored in the adjacent county of Lancashire. Local Presbyterians continued to pray for Charles II after doing so was banned in 1650, but remained loyal in
303:, only the element led by Booth was initially successful; other local risings either failed to take place or were quickly suppressed. Booth seized the important city of
1089:
1661, meant that the lasting legacy of Booth's Uprising was perhaps the creation of the nucleus of an anti-court "Country" party based in the region. Booth's son
464:, who opposed alliances with other opponents of the Commonwealth, including politically moderate Presbyterians. Its effectiveness was undermined as one member,
1044:
Booth fled south after Winnington Bridge, travelling in a carriage and disguising himself in women's clothes as "Lady Dorothy". He was eventually arrested at
1066:. Most low-status prisoners were quickly released and none of those of higher social rank, including Booth, were brought to trial or lost their estates.
535:
1696:
767:
701:
became clear numbers were far below those expected. Several rendezvous points were already patrolled by the county militia; 120 horsemen assembled in
872:
503:
917:
758:
511:
1981:
607:
499:
300:
171:
44:
744:, where they declared for Charles and briefly tried to raise additional forces, but here as elsewhere the rebels were quickly suppressed.
610:
in 1646. Part of the Presbyterian faction that dominated the Long Parliament and many of the pre-war county elites, Booth was excluded in
602:
Mordaunt initially discounted a Cheshire rising due to the lack of credible Royalist leaders in the area. An alternative was provided by
1090:
1070:
909:
721:
457:
1038:
639:
487:
477:
1971:
1927:
1744:
461:
1094:
603:
465:
285:
183:
1986:
900:; without siege artillery Booth was unable to dislodge them, and after leaving 700 men to blockade the castle, he marched on
706:
622:
515:
740:, but fled when it became clear the insurgency was failing. Charles White and others from the Nottinghamshire group reached
440:
mid 1659 the country's militia committees were put into the hands of those regarded as "persons of no degree or quality".
429:
973:
323:
574:. While the degree of support was likely exaggerated by Mordaunt, the exiled court also became involved; in July the
1966:
1873:
1041:, who withdrew into Chirk Castle; they eventually surrendered to Sankey's "Irish Brigade" at the end of the month.
928:
710:
630:
417:
207:
30:
1961:
507:
389:
and his supporters in Parliament, argued only his death could bring peace. Their proposal he be prosecuted for
378:
350:
and Parliamentarian moderates to restore him to the English throne. The moderates, who generally supported a
650:
413:
351:
343:
148:
136:
107:
102:
75:
1670:
Tracts relating to the civil war in Cheshire, 1641–1659; including Sir George Booth's rising in that county
944:
359:
319:
141:
1856:
1699:. Civil War Petitions: Conflict, Welfare and Memory during and after the English Civil Wars, 1642 – 1710
1074:
406:
277:
1069:
While Mordaunt was undeterred by failure, his plans were rendered irrelevant by the actions of General
657:, were preparing a revolt. Many viewed the combination as confirmation of social revolution, including
662:
579:
346:, Charles I retained significant political power; this allowed him to create an alliance with Scots
1102:
1098:
1005:
Early on 19 August, most of Booth's force was drawn up in battle order on high, broken ground near
626:
575:
358:, who wanted to retain a state church; they were opposed in Parliament by a minority of religious
1821:
1813:
1078:
1006:
559:
453:
331:
281:
986:
on 15th, while Booth fell back on Chester; the same day two warships blockaded the mouth of the
1287:
1025:
1932:
1805:
1749:
1730:
987:
882:
611:
567:
562:, while a series of diversionary actions were planned elsewhere, including one in Cheshire.
425:
394:
373:
Charles I at his trial, January 1649; many MPs strongly opposed his prosecution for treason.
293:
289:
1063:
1045:
995:
913:
886:
714:
702:
643:
398:
386:
355:
219:
119:
1834:
923:
A second contingent under Randolph Egerton left Chester and crossed the Welsh border to
979:
897:
893:
the support of "almost all the local gentry and nobility", including former Royalists.
733:
547:
519:
421:
382:
369:
732:
before dispersing. Mordaunt, who escaped arrest on 28 July, gathered around 30 men on
534:
differences in Religion". Mordaunt was unable to secure commitment from Major-General
1955:
1825:
1077:
appointed Belasyse his representative during the negotiations with Monck that led to
953:
949:
694:
677:
658:
646:, one of the Major-Generals who governed the area from 1655 until his death in 1656.
530:
523:
195:
153:
1029:
1010:
924:
615:
606:, who fought for Parliament throughout the First Civil War, and was elected MP for
473:
469:
1944:
1761:
1073:
in late 1659–60, which led to the readmission of MPs like Booth excluded in 1648.
448:
A series of poorly planned Royalist revolts after 1648 led to the creation of the
381:, Charles continued attempts to instigate another armed uprising. Elements of the
491:
452:, a small group of aristocrats responsible for co-ordinating future activity in
449:
347:
1936:
1789:
Cheshire 1630–1660: County Government and Society During the English Revolution
1697:"The War Hero, the Eccentric and the Turncoat: the Men Behind Three Signatures"
483:
1753:
990:, preventing aid reaching the rebels by sea. Lambert advanced rapidly towards
901:
754:
729:
725:
681:
595:
551:
288:, it took place during the political turmoil that followed the resignation of
71:
1796:
Morrill, John (1985). "Sir William Brereton and England's Wars of Religion".
943:
Parliament responded quickly to news of the rising, appointing Major-General
999:
991:
957:
571:
363:
327:
308:
673:
420:
in government, and continuing instability led to Cromwell's appointment as
38:
1053:
in order to join Booth, but learned of his defeat shortly before sailing.
1050:
983:
433:
402:
67:
1734:
424:
in 1653. After his death in September 1658, he was succeeded by his son
362:, who opposed any form of state church, and political radicals like the
1014:
932:
905:
881:
Booth advanced towards Chester and on the 2nd held a new rendezvous at
654:
555:
543:
390:
312:
304:
1977:
Plots, conspiracies and insurrections during the Interregnum (England)
1817:
1032:, in 1725; the final rebel outpost to surrender, at the end of August.
757:
on 1 August. The senior government officer in Lancashire was Colonel
737:
690:
539:
1288:
Second Report of the Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts 1871
956:
were recalled from Ireland; they arrived at the North Wales port of
1809:
1082:
1024:
741:
672:
589:
482:
416:
failed to restore the monarchy, many Parliamentarians opposed the
393:
was opposed by the majority of MPs, many of whom were excluded by
368:
1661:
Second Report of the Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts
614:, then re-elected in 1652 and retained his seat throughout the
397:
in December 1648; even then, only 83 of the 210 members of the
1742:
Kelsey, David (2004). "Booth, George, first Baron Delamer ".
1585:
1583:
401:
voted in favour. After Charles was executed in January 1649,
1172:
1170:
1168:
978:
The foot regiments from London mustered with the cavalry at
931:. Myddelton joined Egerton and led the rebels from Chirk to
684:; Mordaunt's instructions to him were intercepted on 28 July
1462:
1460:
1119:
1117:
476:, while he also had a long-standing personal dispute with
1541:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1411:
1409:
1407:
960:, although one transport with 30 cavalry sank en route.
334:
of the monarchy, and Booth was rewarded with a peerage.
276:, was an unsuccessful attempt in August 1659 to restore
1640:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1394:
1392:
1891:
Politics and War in the Three Stuart Kingdoms, 1637–49
1679:
The Lancashire Gentry and the Great Rebellion, 1640–60
1211:
1209:
697:
with final instructions for the rising at Gloucester.
728:, but only 50 men joined him: they marched as far as
299:Intended as part of a national revolt organised by
912:, head of a prominent Royalist family, as well as
904:with the majority of the rebels. He was joined at
1836:The Royalist Army in Northern England, Volume II
1714:The Foundations of Modern Wales: Wales 1642–1780
1721:Jones, J. R. (1957). "Booth's Rising of 1659".
665:, who was a prominent supporter of the rising.
23:
1017:, Flintshire, killed covering their retreat.
8:
1931:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1748:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
876:Booth's Uprising, August 1659; key locations
542:, but focused efforts on strategic ports at
927:, home of former Parliamentarian commander
518:, and moderate Presbyterians including Sir
428:; a significant element of the broad-based
1925:Whitehead, David (2004). "Birch, Thomas".
37:
20:
1918:Royalist Conspiracy in England, 1649–1660
1613:
1490:
1451:
1227:
1176:
1123:
844:
586:The conspiracy in Cheshire and Lancashire
315:also joined, but found himself isolated.
1589:
1574:
1037:insurgents under Myddelton's eldest son
625:on suspicion of involvement in the 1655
1928:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1900:Culture and Power in England, 1585–1685
1745:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1545:
1502:
1415:
1371:
1359:
1347:
1335:
1311:
1263:
1113:
1085:by Parliament to escort him to London.
318:On 19 August, a government force under
1625:
1601:
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1200:
1188:
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1514:
1478:
1466:
1439:
1398:
1383:
1299:
1251:
1159:
1147:
1135:
1081:in May 1660, while Booth was sent to
680:, former Parliamentarian governor of
405:hopes centred on his son, the exiled
7:
1780:1659: The Crisis of the Commonwealth
1723:Bulletin of the John Rylands Library
889:, or elections to a new Parliament.
301:John Mordaunt, 1st Viscount Mordaunt
172:John Mordaunt, 1st Viscount Mordaunt
45:John Mordaunt, 1st Viscount Mordaunt
998:, before camping for the night at
802:
724:was to mount a surprise attack on
717:, but were pursued and dispersed.
598:thought to be of Sir George Booth.
578:wrote to the North Wales Royalist
472:working for Cromwell's spymaster,
14:
1688:The Great Civil War in Lancashire
858:
816:
920:and another political moderate.
857:
843:
830:
829:
815:
801:
787:
773:
766:
514:, brother of Sealed Knot member
213:
201:
189:
177:
165:
147:
135:
113:
101:
788:
774:
1690:. Manchester University Press.
1681:. Manchester University Press.
982:on 14 August. Lambert reached
753:several hundred supporters at
550:, with other major risings at
444:The Great Trust and Commission
377:Although defeated in the 1648
58:1 August 1659 – 24 August 1659
1:
1668:Atkinson, James, ed. (1909).
529:The strategy was designed by
432:supported the restoration of
430:Third Protectorate Parliament
1982:Military history of Cheshire
1945:UK public library membership
1909:North Wales in the Civil War
1874:"Great Trust and Commission"
1771:Memoirs of Edmund Ludlow Esq
1762:UK public library membership
663:Manchester Collegiate church
621:However, he was barred from
490:, one of the leaders of the
307:, while local commanders at
974:Battle of Winnington Bridge
661:, Presbyterian minister of
634:promises of local backing.
629:, while he referred to the
2003:
1798:Journal of British Studies
1791:. Oxford University Press.
971:
31:Wars of the Three Kingdoms
1916:Underdown, David (1971).
1842:(PHD). University of York
1712:Jenkins, Geraint (1987).
502:, younger brother of the
250:
228:
125:
94:
50:
36:
28:
1857:"Booth's Uprising, 1659"
1773:. Becket & de Hondt.
1677:Blackwood, B.G. (1979).
747:
379:Second English Civil War
16:1659 uprising in England
1972:17th-century rebellions
1907:Tucker, Norman (1958).
1769:Ludlow, Edmund (1771).
1695:Hopper, Andrew (2020).
1686:Broxap, Ernest (1910).
1097:who supported the 1688
669:The national insurgency
414:Third English Civil War
352:constitutional monarchy
344:First English Civil War
274:Cheshire Rising of 1659
108:Commonwealth of England
1937:10.1093/ref:odnb/66520
1898:Smuts, Robert (1999).
1872:Plant, David (2008b).
1855:Plant, David (2008a).
1833:Newman, Peter (1978).
1787:Morrill, John (1974).
1033:
1009:north and west of the
685:
599:
494:
374:
342:Despite defeat in the
126:Commanders and leaders
1987:Charles II of England
1889:Scott, David (2003).
1778:Mayers, Ruth (2004).
1754:10.1093/ref:odnb/2877
1028:
709:and Charles White of
676:
593:
486:
407:Charles II of England
372:
278:Charles II of England
251:Casualties and losses
929:Sir Thomas Myddelton
873:class=notpageimage|
713:, intending to take
640:Sir William Brereton
504:Earl of Peterborough
418:role of the military
208:Sir Thomas Myddelton
1735:10.7227/BJRL.39.2.6
1577:, pp. 167–172.
1529:, pp. 291–292.
1517:, pp. 441–442.
1469:, pp. 438–439.
1374:, pp. 274–280.
1350:, pp. 303–304.
1266:, pp. 303–305.
1150:, pp. 188–200.
1138:, pp. 158–160.
1099:Glorious Revolution
1093:became a committed
1021:End of the uprising
939:Government response
627:Penruddock uprising
1672:. Chetham Society.
1592:, pp. 167–72.
1034:
686:
600:
495:
488:Lord John Belasyse
478:Lord John Belasyse
466:Sir Richard Willis
375:
322:defeated Booth at
282:North West England
86:Government victory
1967:Conflicts in 1659
1943:(Subscription or
1760:(Subscription or
1179:, pp. 75–76.
968:Winnington Bridge
851:Winnington Bridge
722:Charles Lyttelton
456:. It reported to
324:Winnington Bridge
270:Booth's Rebellion
263:
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43:Lead conspirator
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1911:. Gee & Son.
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748:Booth's Uprising
604:Sir George Booth
568:Alexander Popham
354:, included many
294:The Protectorate
290:Richard Cromwell
268:, also known as
266:Booth's Uprising
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1804:(24): 311–332.
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1222:
1214:
1207:
1199:
1195:
1187:
1183:
1175:
1166:
1158:
1154:
1146:
1142:
1134:
1130:
1122:
1115:
1111:
1079:The Restoration
1064:Tower of London
1059:
1046:Newport Pagnell
1023:
996:Delamere Forest
976:
970:
941:
914:Gilbert Ireland
887:Long Parliament
879:
878:
877:
875:
869:
868:
867:
866:
862:
854:
853:
852:
848:
840:
839:
838:
834:
826:
825:
824:
820:
812:
811:
810:
806:
798:
797:
796:
792:
784:
783:
782:
778:
750:
720:In Shropshire,
703:Sherwood Forest
671:
644:Charles Worsley
588:
446:
412:While the 1651
399:Rump Parliament
387:Oliver Cromwell
340:
332:the Restoration
243:
224:
220:Gilbert Ireland
214:
212:
202:
200:
190:
188:
178:
176:
166:
164:
158:
146:
134:
114:
112:
100:
78:
42:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2000:
1998:
1990:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1954:
1953:
1950:
1949:
1922:
1913:
1904:
1895:
1886:
1869:
1852:
1830:
1810:10.1086/385837
1793:
1784:
1775:
1766:
1739:
1729:(2): 416–443.
1718:
1709:
1692:
1683:
1674:
1665:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1649:
1647:, p. 442.
1630:
1618:
1616:, p. 281.
1614:Underdown 1971
1606:
1604:, p. 161.
1594:
1579:
1567:
1565:, p. 441.
1550:
1548:, p. 309.
1531:
1519:
1507:
1495:
1491:Blackwood 1979
1483:
1481:, p. 437.
1471:
1456:
1452:Whitehead 2004
1444:
1442:, p. 435.
1432:
1420:
1418:, p. 307.
1403:
1401:, p. 434.
1388:
1386:, p. 433.
1376:
1364:
1362:, p. 319.
1352:
1340:
1338:, p. 302.
1328:
1316:
1314:, p. 303.
1304:
1302:, p. 430.
1292:
1280:
1268:
1256:
1254:, p. 428.
1244:
1232:
1230:, p. 235.
1228:Underdown 1971
1220:
1205:
1193:
1181:
1177:Blackwood 1979
1164:
1162:, p. 134.
1152:
1140:
1128:
1126:, p. 283.
1124:Underdown 1971
1112:
1110:
1107:
1058:
1055:
1022:
1019:
980:Market Drayton
972:Main article:
969:
966:
940:
937:
898:Chester Castle
871:
870:
864:
863:
856:
855:
850:
849:
842:
841:
836:
835:
828:
827:
822:
821:
814:
813:
808:
807:
800:
799:
794:
793:
786:
785:
780:
779:
772:
771:
765:
764:
763:
749:
746:
734:Banstead Downs
670:
667:
631:Major-Generals
587:
584:
520:William Waller
462:Earl of Ormond
445:
442:
422:Lord Protector
383:New Model Army
339:
336:
261:
260:
257:
253:
252:
248:
247:
244:
242:
241:
238:
234:
231:
230:
226:
225:
223:
222:
210:
198:
186:
174:
161:
159:
157:
156:
144:
131:
128:
127:
123:
122:
110:
97:
96:
92:
91:
88:
87:
84:
80:
79:
66:
64:
60:
59:
56:
48:
47:
34:
33:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1999:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1957:
1946:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1929:
1923:
1919:
1914:
1910:
1905:
1901:
1896:
1892:
1887:
1876:. BCW Project
1875:
1870:
1859:. BCW Project
1858:
1853:
1838:
1837:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1794:
1790:
1785:
1781:
1776:
1772:
1767:
1763:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1746:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1719:
1715:
1710:
1698:
1693:
1689:
1684:
1680:
1675:
1671:
1666:
1663:. HMSO. 1871.
1662:
1658:
1657:
1653:
1646:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1631:
1628:, p. 14.
1627:
1622:
1619:
1615:
1610:
1607:
1603:
1598:
1595:
1591:
1590:Atkinson 1909
1586:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1575:Atkinson 1909
1571:
1568:
1564:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1523:
1520:
1516:
1511:
1508:
1505:, p. 40.
1504:
1499:
1496:
1493:, p. 75.
1492:
1487:
1484:
1480:
1475:
1472:
1468:
1463:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1448:
1445:
1441:
1436:
1433:
1429:
1424:
1421:
1417:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1395:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1380:
1377:
1373:
1368:
1365:
1361:
1356:
1353:
1349:
1344:
1341:
1337:
1332:
1329:
1325:
1320:
1317:
1313:
1308:
1305:
1301:
1296:
1293:
1290:, p. 87.
1289:
1284:
1281:
1278:, p. 94.
1277:
1272:
1269:
1265:
1260:
1257:
1253:
1248:
1245:
1241:
1236:
1233:
1229:
1224:
1221:
1218:, p. 95.
1217:
1212:
1210:
1206:
1203:, p. 13.
1202:
1197:
1194:
1190:
1185:
1182:
1178:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1156:
1153:
1149:
1144:
1141:
1137:
1132:
1129:
1125:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1067:
1065:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1040:
1031:
1027:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1003:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
975:
967:
965:
961:
959:
955:
951:
946:
938:
936:
934:
930:
926:
921:
919:
915:
911:
910:Earl of Derby
907:
903:
899:
894:
890:
888:
884:
874:
769:
762:
760:
756:
745:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
718:
716:
712:
708:
707:Richard Byron
704:
698:
696:
695:Edward Massey
692:
683:
679:
678:Edward Massey
675:
668:
666:
664:
660:
659:Henry Newcome
656:
652:
647:
645:
641:
635:
632:
628:
624:
619:
617:
613:
612:December 1648
609:
605:
597:
592:
585:
583:
581:
580:Sir John Owen
577:
573:
569:
563:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
532:
531:Roger Whitley
527:
525:
524:Edward Massey
521:
517:
513:
512:James Compton
509:
508:William Legge
505:
501:
500:John Mordaunt
493:
489:
485:
481:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
443:
441:
437:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
410:
408:
404:
400:
396:
395:Pride's Purge
392:
388:
384:
380:
371:
367:
365:
361:
357:
356:Presbyterians
353:
349:
345:
337:
335:
333:
329:
325:
321:
316:
314:
310:
306:
302:
297:
295:
291:
287:
283:
280:. Centred on
279:
275:
271:
267:
258:
255:
254:
249:
245:
239:
236:
235:
233:
232:
227:
221:
211:
209:
199:
197:
196:Roger Whitley
187:
185:
175:
173:
163:
162:
160:
155:
154:Jerome Sankey
150:
145:
143:
138:
133:
132:
130:
129:
124:
121:
111:
109:
104:
99:
98:
93:
85:
82:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
62:
61:
57:
54:
53:
49:
46:
40:
35:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1926:
1917:
1908:
1902:. Macmillan.
1899:
1893:. Macmillan.
1890:
1878:. Retrieved
1861:. Retrieved
1844:. Retrieved
1835:
1801:
1797:
1788:
1779:
1770:
1743:
1726:
1722:
1713:
1701:. Retrieved
1687:
1678:
1669:
1660:
1621:
1609:
1597:
1570:
1546:Morrill 1974
1522:
1510:
1503:Jenkins 1987
1498:
1486:
1474:
1447:
1435:
1423:
1416:Morrill 1974
1379:
1372:Morrill 1974
1367:
1360:Morrill 1985
1355:
1348:Morrill 1974
1343:
1336:Morrill 1974
1331:
1319:
1312:Morrill 1974
1307:
1295:
1283:
1271:
1264:Morrill 1974
1259:
1247:
1235:
1223:
1196:
1184:
1155:
1143:
1131:
1087:
1071:George Monck
1068:
1060:
1043:
1035:
1030:Chirk Castle
1015:Golden Grove
1011:River Weaver
1004:
977:
962:
945:John Lambert
942:
925:Chirk Castle
922:
895:
891:
883:Rowton Heath
880:
759:Thomas Birch
751:
719:
699:
687:
648:
636:
620:
616:Protectorate
601:
594:Portrait by
576:Duke of York
564:
528:
496:
474:John Thurloe
470:double agent
447:
438:
411:
385:, including
376:
360:Independents
341:
320:John Lambert
317:
298:
286:George Booth
273:
269:
265:
264:
142:John Lambert
95:Belligerents
76:Denbighshire
29:Part of the
18:
1846:23 December
1626:Newman 1978
1602:Tucker 1958
1527:Ludlow 1771
1428:Hopper 2020
1324:Kelsey 2004
1276:Mayers 2004
1240:Plant 2008b
1216:Mayers 2004
1201:Newman 1978
1189:Plant 2008a
492:Sealed Knot
458:Edward Hyde
450:Sealed Knot
348:Covenanters
292:as head of
284:and led by
1956:Categories
1947:required.)
1880:18 January
1863:18 January
1764:required.)
1645:Jones 1957
1563:Jones 1957
1515:Jones 1957
1479:Jones 1957
1467:Jones 1957
1440:Jones 1957
1399:Jones 1957
1384:Jones 1957
1300:Jones 1957
1252:Jones 1957
1160:Smuts 1999
1148:Scott 2003
1136:Scott 2003
1109:References
1075:Charles II
902:Manchester
809:Warrington
755:Warrington
730:the Wrekin
726:Shrewsbury
682:Gloucester
623:Parliament
552:Shrewsbury
338:Background
240:1200 horse
72:Lancashire
1920:. Archon.
1826:143990745
1703:24 August
1057:Aftermath
1000:Weaverham
992:Northwich
988:River Dee
958:Beaumaris
918:Liverpool
916:, MP for
865:Liverpool
823:Northwich
711:Newthorpe
572:Wiltshire
560:Worcester
364:Levellers
328:Northwich
309:Liverpool
259:30 killed
237:3000 foot
120:Royalists
1103:James II
1101:against
1051:St. Malo
1007:Hartford
984:Nantwich
837:Nantwich
608:Cheshire
468:, was a
460:and the
434:monarchy
403:Royalist
256:1 killed
229:Strength
68:Cheshire
63:Location
1654:Sources
933:Wrexham
908:by the
906:Bidston
795:Wrexham
781:Chester
655:Quakers
556:Warwick
544:Bristol
516:William
454:England
426:Richard
391:treason
313:Wrexham
305:Chester
272:or the
1941:
1824:
1818:175522
1816:
1758:
1039:Thomas
954:Sankey
950:Axtell
738:Surrey
715:Newark
705:under
691:Ostend
540:London
536:Browne
246:c.4000
83:Result
1840:(PDF)
1822:S2CID
1814:JSTOR
1091:Henry
1083:Breda
742:Derby
326:near
1882:2021
1865:2021
1848:2020
1705:2020
1095:Whig
952:and
651:1651
596:Lely
558:and
548:Lynn
546:and
522:and
311:and
55:Date
1933:doi
1806:doi
1750:doi
1731:doi
736:in
570:in
538:in
1958::
1820:.
1812:.
1800:.
1727:39
1725:.
1633:^
1582:^
1553:^
1534:^
1459:^
1406:^
1391:^
1208:^
1167:^
1116:^
1105:.
1002:.
618:.
554:,
526:.
510:,
409:.
366:.
296:.
74:,
70:,
1939:.
1935::
1884:.
1867:.
1850:.
1828:.
1808::
1802:3
1782:.
1756:.
1752::
1737:.
1733::
1716:.
1707:.
1454:.
1430:.
1326:.
1242:.
1191:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
