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revenues. Other products include sulphuric acid and aluminium fluoride. Boliden owns and operates two zinc and two copper smelters and one lead smelter. The
Kokkola zinc smelter in Finland is the second largest in Europe and the fifth largest in the world, and mainly produces an alloy used in the galvanising of thin sheet metal. The Odda zinc smelter, which produces zinc for the steel industry and aluminium fluoride for Norway's aluminium industry, is located on the west coast of Norway. The Rönnskär copper smelter is located in the Swedish town of Skelleftehamn and its main products are copper, zinc clinker, lead and precious metals. The smelter, which produces sulphuric acid as a by-product of its operations, also produces metals from electronic scrap and other secondary materials. The Harjavalta copper smelter, located on the west coast of Finland, produces copper cathodes that are mainly sold to manufacturers of semi-finished goods. Other important products include gold, silver and sulphuric acid. The Bergsöe lead smelter outside Landskrona in southern Sweden extracts lead from scrap car batteries. Bergsöe is one of Europe's four biggest players in the lead recycling industry. Approximately 60 per cent of the plant's lead production is sold to the European battery industry, with the remainder used in the manufacture of roofing sheet.
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prove, over the course of several decades, to be Europe's biggest and richest gold mine. The deposit also included copper and large amounts of silver. The town of
Boliden quickly grew up around the mine. The leading light in the development of the Boliden company was Oscar Falkman (1877–1961), who was the driving force behind the exploration work that began in the second decade of the 20th century, and which was accelerated due to the metal shortage that arose in the wake of World War I. Falkman continued in the role of Boliden's President until 1941. Boliden AB was also part of the financier Ivar Kreuger's business empire until 1932. The Rönnskär smelter was built to process the Boliden ore, and commenced smelting operations in 1930. The world's longest ore tramway, between Boliden's mine in Kristineberg and Boliden became operational in 1943. The ore tramway was 96 km long and by the time it was shut down, 44 years later, it had transported 12 million tonnes of concentrate. Operations started at the Aitik mine, outside Gällivare, in 1968. This open pit mine would develop, over the years, into one of Europe's biggest copper mines. During its first year of operations, it produced approximately 9,000 tonnes of copper, 160 kg of gold and 7 tonnes of silver.
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operates Europe's biggest zinc mine at Tara in
Ireland. Tara became part of Boliden in early 2004, but production began there in 1977, since when over 60 million tonnes of ore have been mined. Boliden also owns Garpenberg, which is Sweden's oldest mine still in operation. Mining at Garpenberg, or extracting metals from the ground, began as early as 375 bc. The mineral-rich Skellefte field lies within the Boliden Area, where almost 30 mines have been opened since production began in the 1920s and where Boliden currently operates the Renström and Kristineberg underground mines and the Maurliden open pit mine. Boliden also owns and operates the Aitik open pit mine, which is one of Europe's biggest copper mines. Metal grades at Aitik are low, but this is compensated for by high productivity levels and efficient milling processes that also exploit the ore's gold and silver content. An expansion project that will double Aitik's ore production to 36 million tonnes per annum by 2014 began in 2007 and will be completed in 2010.
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plays out like a live action Monty Python animation, colonial-era
British soldiers pack a huge brass drum outfitted with trumpet horns of varying sizes with chained black slaves. The door is closed, and a fire is lit beneath the drum, which begins to revolve slowly (it is emblazoned with the name of Swedish mining giant Boliden) and to emit a kind of music. All this, it is revealed, is being enacted for the entertainment of a group of elderly rich, champagne-sipping white people in evening wear."
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Business Area Mines conducts exploration, mining and milling operations in Sweden, Finland, and
Ireland. Its main products are zinc and copper concentrate, with some lead, gold and silver content. The goods produced are sold both to the Group's own smelters and to external customers. Boliden owns and
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includes a controversial scene which, according to the director, refers to
Boliden's involvement in dumping dangerous toxins in the Chilean city Arica in the 1980s. In a review of the film, film critic Jessica Kiang describes the scene: "And in probably the most unsettling and memorable scene, which
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Bindler, R., Karlsson, J., Rydberg, J., Karlsson, B., Berg
Nilsson, L., Biester, H., Segerström, U. (2017): Copper-ore mining in Sweden since the pre-Roman Iron Age: lake-sediment evidence of human activities at the Garpenberg ore field since 375 BCE. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 12,
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in Spain so far. Extensive investigations revealed defects in both the dam's original construction and in subsequent construction projects. The company reacted quickly to the situation and immediately began a comprehensive programme of reclamation work. In 2006, Boliden lost the demand against the
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at a site which was converted to a low-cost residential area in the 1990s on the instructions of the social services. The original export documents had specified that the metallic residues were 'non-toxic' and residents were unaware of the waste's presence or potential for harm. As a result, many
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On July 4, 2021 SVT screened the documentary ARICA. Two
Swedish Green Party MP’s, Maria Gardfjell, vice chair in the parliament’s environmental and agricultural committee, and Amanda Palmstierna, member of the parliament’s EU-committee, made a statement confirming the comments made in June by the
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2005 Kvarnberget is the name given to a new mineralisation discovered in
Garpenberg. Decision to invest in expansion of the Harjavalta smelter. Feasibility study of possible expansion of the Aitik mine. Boliden sells its shares in Breakwater Resources and Lundin Mining. First edition of Boliden's
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In the mid-1980s, Boliden exported a total of 19,139 tonnes of metallic residues containing high concentrations of arsenic, mercury, cadmium and lead, from the Rönnskär smelter to a
Chilean company, Promel, for processing. Boliden paid Promel for processing work that was never carried out and the
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On 10 December 1924, a sensational ore deposit was discovered at Fågelmyran, just over 30 km northwest of Skellefteå. Test drilling revealed what was then Europe's richest ore. The first Boliden ore was extracted in the spring of 1926 at what would become the Boliden mine – a mine that would
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Business Area Smelters refines both metal concentrate and secondary materials to produce base and precious metals at smelters in Sweden, Finland and Norway. The main metals are zinc and copper but the production of lead, gold and silver also makes a substantial contribution to the Business Area's
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2020 On 2 September, Boliden Mineral AB, represented by the law firm Mannheimer Swartling Advokatbyrå AB, filed a complaint to the Disciplinary Committee of the Swedish Bar Association against lawyers Mr Johan Öberg and Mr Göran Starkebo. The complaint, seeking to make them personally liable for
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In March 2021, Beatriz Balbin, Chief of the Special Procedures Branch of OHCHR (Office of the High Commissioner on Human Rights at the United Nations) wrote to the managing director of Boliden to convey alleged ongoing breaches of human rights, including ‘intimidation and threat human rights
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Overland, I., Bourmistrov, A., Dale, B., Irlbacher-Fox, S., Juraev, J., Podgaiskii, E., Stammler, F., Tsani, S., Vakulchuk, R. and Wilson, E.C. 2021. The Arctic Environmental Responsibility Index: A method to rank heterogenous extractive industry companies for governance purposes.
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2006 Decision to invest in an expansion of the Aitik mine. Agreement with OM Group Inc (OMG) regarding the refining of nickel concentrate at Harjavalta. Successful exploration resulted in increases to Garpenberg's ore reserves. A new lead section was also opened at Bergsöe.
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companies that built the dam Aznalcóllar. The Spanish Supreme Court also confirmed that Boliden should pay 43,7 million euros to the Spanish government. The recovery costs of Aznalcóllar are estimated to be 240 million euro; Boliden has not assumed any part of these costs.
697:, for processing. However, the waste was reportedly left unprocessed and unprotected at the site until 1998. Starting in 1989, housing developments were built nearby, but Chilean authorities concluded in 2009 that the area should be evacuated as it remained contaminated."
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In late 2003, Boliden bought smelters and a mine from the Finnish steel group, Outokumpu, and as a result, the Kokkola and Harjavalta/Pori smelters in Finland and the Odda smelter in Norway became part of Boliden. The purchase also included the Tara zinc mine in Ireland.
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The Boliden toxic waste scandal was discussed in Swedish parliament where the Minister of Environment, Per Bolund (Green Party) indicated his willingness to discuss assistance to Chile to clean up the affected areas in Arica, saying:
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1998 The Spanish Los Frailes mine closes as a result of the tailings dam failure, causing extensive damage in the environment, near Doñana National Park. The Rönnskär +200 expansion – an investment of SEK 1.9 billion – is approved.
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The company grew during the first few years of the 1970s thanks to a joint venture with the German company, Preussag. This led to the expansion of Boliden's lead smelting and refining capacity, and in 1976, Boliden launched a
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1990 The concentrator at Boliden is expanded and modernised. The Outokumpu Group is incorporated, and the zinc smelter becomes known as Outokumpu Zinc Oy and the copper and nickel smelters as Outokumpu Harjavalta Metals Oy.
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In August 2021, Boliden ranked second among mining companies in Bloomberg Intelligence's low-carbon ranking. In 2017, Boliden was rated the world's second most climate-friendly mining firm with regards to carbon dioxide.
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Letters relating to the case, which dates back to Boliden’s export of 19,139 tonnes of toxic waste containing high concentrations of arsenic, mercury, cadmium and lead from Sweden to Chile between 1984 and 1985.
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costs incurred by Boliden in defending the ARICA case was considered by the United Nations to be a threat equivalent to the first SLAPP (Strategic Lawsuit Against Public Participation) in Swedish history.
471:. Trelleborg launched a major restructuring of the Boliden Group in 1996, and the new company, Boliden Limited, was formed in Toronto. Two years later, Boliden Ltd. bought the Canadian company Westmin.
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2021 Boliden was ranked no. 18 out of 120 oil, gas, and mining companies involved in resource extraction north of the Arctic Circle in the Arctic Environmental Responsibility Index (AERI).
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The quote was immediately referred to in Chilean media and followed by a demand from a senate majority to the president to address Sweden with a request, as Per Bolund had asked for.
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1984 Boliden began shipping 19,139 tonnes of toxic waste, containing high concentrations of arsenic, mercury and lead, from its smelter in Sweden, to Arica in northern Chile.
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people came to harm. In the autumn of 2009, the Chilean government announced that the 7,000 or so residents of the area would be evacuated. The waste was exported before the
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industrial conglomerate acquired a controlling interest in Boliden. The same year also saw Boliden acquire the Spanish company, Apirsa S.L., which extracted zinc from the
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The Boliden controversy in Chile stirred debate in the Swedish news in 2013, after 700 Chilean victims suffering from arsenic poisoning filed a lawsuit against Boliden.
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389:(Office of the High Commissioner on Human Rights at the United Nations) wrote to the managing director of Boliden to convey concerns of alleged ongoing breaches of
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829:(Direct + Indirect) for 31 December 2020 at 897 Kt (-20 /-2.2% y-o-y). There has been a consistent declining trend in reported emissions since 2016.
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689:. According to Business & Human Rights Resource Centre, "Boliden shipped approximately 20,000 tonnes of smelter sludge to the Polygono area in
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about the ARICA case, with a resident of Arica gathering a sample of contaminated soil, putting it in an envelope and mailing it back to Boliden.
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1931 The two mining companies – Västerbottens Gruvaktiebolag and Skellefteås Gruvaktiebolag – are merged to form Bolidens Gruvaktiebolag.
443:, for processing metals. 1976 also saw Boliden launch the first flash smelting furnace for lead, applying Kaldo technology, at Rönnskär.
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In 1999, Boliden implemented a restructuring programme at Group level and the Boliden share was listed on the Stockholm stock exchange.
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That means that we are developing techniques and solutions and we are of course willing to assist Chile if such aid is asked for.
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The then Chilean Minister of Foreign Affairs, Andres Allamand, announced in public that Sweden would be contacted in the matter.
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2016 Boliden was ranked as being among the 13th best of 92 oil, gas, and mining companies on indigenous rights in the Arctic.
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between 1984 and 1985. The waste derived from Boliden's Rönnskär arsenic plant in Sweden and was sold to a Chilean company,
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In 2020, Boliden Mineral AB became the first company in Sweden to issue a Strategic Lawsuit Against Public Participation.
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1997 Boliden establishes its head office in Toronto. The share is listed on the Toronto and Montreal stock exchanges.
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378:, where gold was found in 1924. It was once Europe's largest and richest gold mine, but has since 1967 been defunct.
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1943 The 96-kilometre ore tramway between Kristineberg and Boliden opens. Tin and lead smelting starts at Bergsöe.
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1970 Production of aluminium fluoride begins at Odda. In Ireland, Tara discovers the big zinc and lead deposit.
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1952 Construction of a sulphuric acid plant at Rönnskär to exploit the sulphur dioxide-bearing chimney gases.
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2000 Harjavalta's nickel operations are sold. Maurliden mine opens. The new Rönnskär complex is inaugurated.
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at Apirsa's Los Frailes mine burst and 4.5 million cubic metres of tailings sand drained out into the nearby
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and is also accused of threatening human rights defenders following the disposal of toxic waste in Chile.
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1967 The Boliden mine is closed down. Outokumpu decides to establish its own zinc smelter in Kokkola.
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1987 The Swedish industrial conglomerate, Trelleborg AB, takes a controlling interest in Boliden.
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In August 2021, Boliden joined up with several of the world's other major mining companies and
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1225:"Boliden Apirsa pierde la demanda contra las empresas que hicieron la balsa de Aznalcóllar"
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1955 The world's deepest railway – between the Långsele and Boliden mines – is completed.
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Chile pedirá al gobierno sueco repatriar desechos tóxicos de basural industrial en Arica
718:“We have … much sanitation work of our own, on which we are spending lots of resources.
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2013 796 residents of Arica brought a legal case against Boliden in the Swedish courts
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370:'s mining and smelting assets within zinc and copper. The company name comes from the
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copper mine (a major mine within the company) was featured on a 2007 episode of the
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1405:"Venice Review: Roy Andersson's 'A Pigeon Sat On A Branch Reflecting On Existence'"
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1942 Lead plant built at Rönnskär. Paul Bergsöe & Son AB formed in Landskrona.
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1201:"Forskare bringar rätsida på när gruvdriften i Bergslagen egentligen startade"
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In 2021, the topical satirical show Svenska Nyheter (Swedish News) included a
810:, a Swedish documentary by William Johansson and Lars Edman released in 2009.
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1988 The Spanish mining company, Apirsa SL, becomes a subsidiary of Boliden.
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June 2021, a feature documentary film ARICA was released in Swedish cinemas
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1925 Västerbottens Gruvaktiebolag and Skellefteå Gruvaktiebolag are formed.
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prohibiting the export of environmentally hazardous waste came into force.
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1283:"Ranking Oil, Gas and Mining Companies on Indigenous Rights in the Arctic"
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In 2020, Boliden Mineral AB became the first company in Sweden to issue a
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1939 Outokumpu Oy starts extracting zinc concentrate from Outokumpu ore.
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1946 Boliden publishes Sweden's first in-house magazine, "Smältdegeln" .
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1169:"Digging deep: Which miners are facing up to the low-carbon challenge?"
542: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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Senado exige al Gobierno repatriar residuos tóxicos a Suecia | Crónica
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1995 Harjavalta is expanded, increasing copper and nickel production.
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1117:"Rio Tinto and BHP join Komatsu's alliance for zero-emission mining"
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In the mid-1980s, Boliden was involved in a dumping controversy in
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1143:"Most Miners Are Falling Short of Carbon Cuts Needed for UN Goal"
938:"The 1998 dam breach at the Los Frailes mine in Spain - Boliden"
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residues were, instead, stored on the outskirts of the city of
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1455:"SVT Humor - Arica - Svenska nyheter (S8 EP3) | Facebook"
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1957 Boliden acquires the Garpenberg mine from Zinkgruvor AB.
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In 2001, Boliden's head office was relocated back to Sweden.
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1985 Boliden ceased shipping toxic waste to northern Chile.
356:, with operations in Sweden, Finland, Norway, and Ireland.
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Swedish multinational metals, mining and smelting company
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Released in 2014, Swedish director Roy Andersson's film
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mine, some 30 km northwest of the Swedish town of
765:, caused by negligence on the part of Boliden-Apirsa.
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1969 Operations begin at the zinc smelter in Kokkola.
919:, caused by negligence on the part of Boliden-Apirsa.
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1977 Production starts at the Irish zinc mine, Tara.
1927:
Non-renewable resource companies established in 1931
1359:"Swedish mining company sued for poisoning in Chile"
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https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bse.2698
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Boliden is linked to a major environmental disaster
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588:in-house magazine, "Boliden Magazine", published.
1430:"Toxic Swedish mining waste is shipped to Chile"
793:A Pigeon Sat on a Branch Reflecting on Existence
659:1940 Operations start at the Kristineberg mine.
1361:. Radio Sweden. Radio Sweden. 16 September 2013
1048:"Outokumpu to take 49 percent stake in Boliden"
677:1924 Gold discovered at Fågelmyran in Boliden.
668:1930 Operations start at the Rönnskär smelter.
383:Strategic Lawsuit Against Public Participation
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1174:. CDP Worldwide. 19 July 2017. Archived from
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650:1945 Copper production starts at Harjavalta.
8:
1634:"Boliden's Sustainability Report for 2020Q4"
1607:"Boliden's Sustainability Report for 2020Q4"
1580:"Boliden's Sustainability Report for 2020Q4"
1553:"Boliden's Sustainability Report for 2020Q4"
1526:"Boliden's Sustainability Report for 2019Q4"
1499:"Boliden's Sustainability Report for 2018Q4"
1472:"Boliden's Sustainability Report for 2020Q4"
21:
1338:Business & Human Rights Resource Centre
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366:In 2003, in a major deal, Boliden acquired
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620:1979 Boliden buys Paul Bergsöe & Son.
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724:We have had no such request from Chile.”
558:Learn how and when to remove this message
1054:. Euromoney Global Ltd. 8 September 2003
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632:1968 Mining operations start at Aitik.
1382:"Roy Andersson: "Boliden ska skämmas""
393:, including ‘intimidation and threat
1252:Business Strategy and the Environment
671:1929 Zinc production begins at Odda.
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1937:Companies listed on Nasdaq Stockholm
1079:. Boliden AB. 12 May 2014. p. 3
837:(Direct + Indirect) (in kilotonnes)
748:Minister of Environment Per Bolund.
540:adding citations to reliable sources
1403:Kiang, Jessica (2 September 2014).
752:Giftskandalen i Arica är hänsynslös
1380:Andersson, Roy (7 November 2014).
1023:"Report of the Special Rapporteur"
467:open pit mine, 45 km west of
324:multinational metals, mining, and
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1907:Copper mining companies of Sweden
1897:Companies in the OMX Stockholm 30
1434:Environmental Defender Law Centre
1074:"From past to present: 1924-2014"
404:to advance zero-emission mining.
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955:McKenzie, Deborah (2 May 1998).
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1917:Gold mining companies of Sweden
1149:. Bloomberg L.P. 17 August 2021
1115:Rani, Archana (3 August 2021).
527:needs additional citations for
385:. UN Human Rights experts from
259:101.957 billion kr (2023) />
276:56.420 billion kr (2023) />
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1932:1931 establishments in Sweden
1673:Mining technology description
1457:– via www.facebook.com.
757:Arica - en svensk giftskandal
242:6.074 billion kr (2023) />
225:8.287 billion kr (2023) />
1922:Companies based in Stockholm
1334:"Boliden lawsuit (re Chile)"
1268:"Boliden lawsuit (Re Chile)"
769:In media and popular culture
103:; 100 years ago
744:(6m13s into the reportage)
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1902:Mining companies of Sweden
1231:. ElPais. 24 November 2006
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912:List of Swedish companies
328:company headquartered in
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1281:Overland, Indra (2016).
800:The smelting victims in
459:At the end of 1986, the
825:Boliden reported Total
332:. The company produces
488:environmental disaster
474:On 25 April 1998, the
395:human rights defenders
1912:Zinc mining companies
1851:Svenska Handelsbanken
995:"Joint communication"
804:is also the topic of
135:Karl-Henrik Sundström
1791:Hennes & Mauritz
536:improve this article
486:, causing the worst
484:Doñana National Park
1123:. Verdict Media Ltd
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282:Number of employees
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1646:on 1 October 2021.
1619:on 1 October 2021.
1592:on 1 October 2021.
1565:on 1 October 2021.
1538:on 1 October 2021.
1511:on 1 October 2021.
1484:on 1 October 2021.
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441:Kaldo type furnace
291:5,664 (2023) />
72:SE0000869646
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1254:. 30, 1623–1643.
1181:on 24 August 2021
1121:Mining Technology
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815:12 minute segment
784:Really Big Things
779:Discovery Channel
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821:Carbon footprint
807:Toxic Playground
681:Dumping in Chile
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178:precious metals
148:(President and
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1449:
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1433:
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1409:The Playlist
1408:
1398:
1386:. Retrieved
1375:
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1353:
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1337:
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1312:
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1287:ResearchGate
1286:
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1228:
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1176:the original
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1146:
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1120:
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1068:
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1051:
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1005:. Retrieved
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534:Please help
529:verification
526:
503:
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496:
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482:river, near
476:tailings dam
473:
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399:
391:human rights
380:
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266:Total equity
249:Total assets
116:Headquarters
36:Company type
18:
1801:Investor AB
1751:Atlas Copco
1746:AstraZeneca
1002:boliden.com
548:August 2021
465:Aznalcóllar
318:New Boliden
1891:Categories
1796:Hexagon AB
1786:Getinge AB
1766:Electrolux
1741:Assa Abloy
1736:Alfa Laval
1235:12 October
924:References
461:Trelleborg
376:Skellefteå
314:Boliden AB
232:Net income
131:Key people
43:Aktiebolag
22:Boliden AB
1185:24 August
1153:24 August
1127:24 August
1105:ohchr.org
1103:Info Note
1083:24 August
1058:24 August
1027:ohchr.org
860:Dec 2020
480:Guadiamar
368:Outokumpu
330:Stockholm
190:iron sand
120:Stockholm
51:Traded as
1856:Swedbank
1806:Kinnevik
1771:Ericsson
1384:. DN. DN
1293:2 August
890:See also
857:Dec 2019
854:Dec 2018
851:Dec 2017
848:Dec 2016
845:Dec 2015
842:Dec 2014
421:Smelters
361:in Spain
326:smelting
303:.boliden
158:Products
140:Chairman
84:Industry
1846:Skanska
1831:Skanska
1816:Sandvik
1761:Boliden
1756:Autoliv
1649:Alt URL
1622:Alt URL
1595:Alt URL
1568:Alt URL
1541:Alt URL
1514:Alt URL
1487:Alt URL
1439:4 April
1414:4 April
1388:4 April
1365:4 April
1343:4 April
1318:4 April
1289:. Arran
1229:El País
781:series
469:Seville
430:History
402:Komatsu
372:Boliden
322:Swedish
320:) is a
296:Website
196:Revenue
106: (
98:Founded
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1811:Nordea
1776:Essity
1720:Sweden
1214:99-108
966:22 May
695:Promel
352:, and
350:silver
346:nickel
338:copper
208:(2023)
170:nickel
162:Copper
124:Sweden
92:Mining
88:Metals
1876:Volvo
1871:Telia
1866:Tele2
1836:Sinch
1644:(PDF)
1637:(PDF)
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802:Arica
775:Aitik
728:Video
691:Arica
687:Chile
449:Arica
412:Mines
387:OHCHR
1441:2015
1416:2015
1390:2015
1367:2015
1345:2015
1320:2015
1309:"DN"
1295:2018
1237:2010
1187:2021
1155:2021
1129:2021
1085:2021
1060:2021
1034:2023
1009:2023
968:2022
883:897
773:The
354:gold
342:lead
334:zinc
305:.com
174:lead
166:zinc
108:1924
101:1924
90:and
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301:www
186:PGM
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