784:
720:
758:
732:
261:
242:
200:
796:
230:
219:
186:
47:
744:
772:
619:, skirmishing with bodies of Korean troops along the way. After the fall of Fort Monocacy, the Americans rested for the night and became the first western military forces to camp on Korean soil. On June 11, the main engagement occurred, the five warships began bombarding the four remaining forts while the shore party attacked from land. About 300 Koreans, armed with matchlock rifles, swords, and clubs held
885:
129:
583:
could potentially be fired upon by any armed foreign vessels. It is possible that the U.S. naval vessels were unaware of this fact. Joseon forces stationed on the island had orders to fire at foreign vessels that appeared to be readying to enter the Han, and so at the approach of the two
American ships into controlled waters, the USS
719:
582:
were tasked to reconnoiter the waters of the Han River estuary. Parts of
Ganghwa Island and several of its forts faced the estuary. Foreign vessels were forbidden entrance to the Han River because the river's course provided direct access to Joseon's capital city of Hanyang (modern Seoul), which
783:
640:
In the end, 243 Koreans were counted dead (350 according to Korean sources), twenty captured and a few wounded. Over forty cannons ranging from two to 24-pounders were also taken and within the next few days the forts were dismantled, with the exception of
599:). Rear Admiral Rodgers demanded an apology from the Joseon government and set a time limit of 10 days for receipt of the apology. None came, and so nine days later the U.S. expedition carried out Rogers' threat and assaulted Ganghwa Island.
1112:
353:
1122:
731:
346:
637:, who was stabbed by a spear as he led the charge. One by one the Americans climbed over the fort's walls. Fierce close-quarters combat ensued but lasted only fifteen minutes until the fort was secure.
471:
in the early 1850s. When
American forces arrived in Korea, the originally peaceful mission turned into a battle when guns from a Korean fort suddenly opened fire on the Americans. The battle to capture
757:
725:
A posed photograph of a council of war of United States Navy officers off Korea aboard the
Asiatic Squadron flagship USS Colorado in preparation for the June 1871 United States expedition to Korea.
339:
1067:
630:
blasted the Korean citadel's walls, and the
Americans then charged up the ramparts. The Koreans, running low on ammunition, began throwing rocks and slinging their swords, fatally injuring
1102:
76:
771:
708:
features of the Battle of
Ganghwa Island, one of the characters, Jang Seung-gu, fought in the battle as a teenager and witnessed his father killed in the fighting.
552:
223:
1087:
795:
743:
1077:
895:
1097:
433:
693:
1003:
928:
844:
705:
653:
1107:
692:
Although the battle was a military victory for the
American forces, the Koreans refused to sign a trade treaty with the United States
1072:
823:
386:
98:
675:
862:
1117:
949:(March 2003). "Whose "Barbarism"? Whose "Treachery"? Race and Civilization in the Unknown United States-Korea War of 1871".
31:
59:
685:; he and six others were also awarded the Medal of Honor. Only three Americans were killed and ten were wounded. USS
615:
which was taken without serious resistance. Next, the
Americans proceeded north a short distance where they captured
69:
63:
55:
1082:
818:
497:
411:
381:
30:
This article is about the
American intervention in Korea in 1871. For the French military expedition in 1866, see
1092:
689:
was grounded on rocks off Fort McKee during the battle, but she was re-floated and sustained only slight damage.
611:
and began bombarding the fort there. The shore party was landed by boats which immediately launched an attack on
80:
453:
373:
416:
396:
35:
1062:
406:
559:
234:
563:
646:
608:
17:
802:
624:
535:
508:
616:
974:
525:
489:
671:
planted the
American flag on top of the Korean fort, an act which earned him the medal as well.
642:
620:
612:
1038:
1009:
999:
982:
966:
934:
924:
518:
120:
914:
777:
Sujagi flag, captured at Fort McKee in the attacks on the Salee River Forts, June 10 and 11,
958:
542:
468:
464:
445:
266:
250:
946:
331:
1031:
863:"TWE Remembers: The Korean Expedition of 1871 and the Battle of Ganghwa (Shinmiyangyo)"
672:
661:
473:
157:
570:
with over 300 men and dozens of artillery pieces. While negotiations were going on at
1056:
891:
567:
477:
441:
191:
1022:
668:
549:
548:
were assigned to the operation, all together mounting 85 guns under the command of
515:
1018:
918:
789:
A "Corean" official bearing the first despatches on board the Colorado., 06/1871
682:
401:
246:
1042:
1013:
986:
634:
631:
970:
938:
665:
556:
750:
American servicemen after capturing Fort DĹŹkjin (Fort Monocacy) on June 10
910:
650:
501:
978:
679:
532:
505:
128:
1033:
Korea: Tradition & Transformation: A history of the Korean people
737:
Officers of the USS Colorado, sitting at left front is Lt Hugh McKee.
657:
571:
493:
460:
437:
204:
1113:
Naval engagements of the Korean Conflict involving the United States
962:
920:
The Savage Wars Of Peace: Small Wars And The Rise Of American Power
607:
The battle began on June 10, when the American squadron arrived of
996:
Sinmiyangyo: The 1871 Conflict Between the United States and Korea
764:
Korean casualties, after the attack on Fort Sondolmok (Fort McKee)
449:
335:
40:
623:
which was the heart of Korean defenses. The cannons of the
1123:
United States Marine Corps in the 18th and 19th centuries
845:"In 1871, America 'Invaded' Korea. Here's What Happened"
915:"3. Empire Emerging: From Korea, 1871, to Somoa, 1899"
1030:
1068:Amphibious operations involving the United States
678:personally shot and killed the Korean commander
574:, on June 1, 1871, two of the U.S. vessels, the
459:as well as to establish a trade treaty with the
68:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
113:
492:expedition involved over 1,400 personnel, 542
452:to ascertain what happened to the crew of the
347:
34:. For the Japanese intervention in 1875, see
8:
480:was the largest engagement of the conflict.
896:Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships
354:
340:
332:
110:
1103:Military expeditions of the United States
923:. New York: Basic Books. pp. 56–59.
99:Learn how and when to remove this message
890:This article incorporates text from the
387:United States expedition to Korea (1871)
835:
715:
434:1871 United States expedition to Korea
412:Donghak Peasant Revolution (1894–1895)
363:Foreign interventions in Korea (1800s)
1088:History of United States expansionism
843:Roblin, Sebastien (18 January 2018).
587:was engaged by one of the forts; the
7:
597:Bombardment of the Selee River Forts
18:Bombardment of the Selee River Forts
1078:Battles involving the United States
595:returned fire and silenced it (the
417:First Sino-Japanese War (1894–1895)
407:Port Hamilton incident (1885–1887)
25:
824:List of Medal of Honor recipients
562:. Korean forces included the six
382:French expedition to Korea (1866)
883:
794:
782:
770:
756:
742:
730:
718:
664:for doing so. Under heavy fire,
259:
240:
228:
217:
198:
184:
127:
45:
27:1871 Joseon–United States battle
998:. Irvine, CA: Seoul Selection.
397:Ganghwa Island incident (1875)
1:
1098:Korea–United States relations
1045:– via Internet Archive.
566:, of various sizes, and four
469:pressured Japan into adopting
320:40 artillery pieces captured
318:20 captured (later released)
32:French campaign against Korea
867:Council on Foreign Relations
444:. In May of that year, five
951:Journal of American History
504:made up the landing party.
326:4 shore batteries destroyed
1139:
819:Battle of Santiago de Cuba
29:
1108:Military history of Korea
1037:. Elizabeth, NJ: Hollym.
994:Duvernay, Thomas (2020).
801:Officers and crew of the
369:
303:
276:
210:
176:
140:
134:A map of the Corean Forts
126:
118:
1073:Battles involving Joseon
1029:Nahm, Andrew C. (1989).
54:This article includes a
704:The opening episode of
645:, on the other side of
448:warships set sail from
83:more precise citations.
36:Ganghwa Island incident
1118:Sieges involving Korea
432:was fought during the
211:Commanders and leaders
849:The National Interest
560:Winfield Scott Schley
436:, a conflict between
304:Casualties and losses
295:40 artillery pieces
660:, and received the
500:and six 12-pounder
463:similar to the one
700:In popular culture
490:United States Navy
402:Gapsin Coup (1884)
322:5 forts destroyed
56:list of references
1083:Conflicts in 1871
1005:978-1-62412-137-1
930:978-0-465-03866-4
656:captured a large
564:Selee River Forts
430:Battle of Ganghwa
425:
424:
391:Battle of Ganghwa
330:
329:
313:1 gunboat damaged
299:4 shore batteries
172:
171:
121:Korean Expedition
114:Battle of Ganghwa
109:
108:
101:
16:(Redirected from
1130:
1093:June 1871 events
1046:
1036:
1017:
990:
957:(4): 1331–1365.
947:Chang, Gordon H.
942:
887:
886:
877:
876:
874:
873:
859:
853:
852:
840:
798:
786:
774:
760:
746:
734:
722:
446:Asiatic Squadron
364:
356:
349:
342:
333:
288:2 sloops-of-war
271:
265:Eo Jae-sun
264:
263:
262:
255:
245:
244:
243:
233:
232:
231:
222:
221:
220:
203:
202:
201:
194:
190:
188:
187:
168:American victory
148:June 10–11, 1871
142:
141:
136:, Unknown author
131:
111:
104:
97:
93:
90:
84:
79:this article by
70:inline citations
49:
48:
41:
21:
1138:
1137:
1133:
1132:
1131:
1129:
1128:
1127:
1053:
1052:
1050:
1028:
1019:Partial preview
1006:
993:
963:10.2307/3092545
945:
931:
909:
906:
904:Further reading
884:
881:
880:
871:
869:
861:
860:
856:
842:
841:
837:
832:
815:
808:
799:
790:
787:
778:
775:
766:
761:
752:
747:
738:
735:
726:
723:
714:
702:
676:James Dougherty
647:Ganghwa Straits
605:
568:shore batteries
486:
465:Commodore Perry
456:General Sherman
426:
421:
377:incident (1866)
375:General Sherman
365:
362:
360:
325:
324:1 fort damaged
323:
321:
319:
317:
312:
310:
298:
296:
294:
289:
287:
285:
283:
267:
260:
258:
257:
251:
241:
239:
235:Winfield Schley
229:
227:
226:
218:
216:
199:
197:
185:
183:
182:
160:
132:
105:
94:
88:
85:
74:
60:related reading
50:
46:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1136:
1134:
1126:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1055:
1054:
1048:
1047:
1026:
1004:
991:
943:
929:
905:
902:
879:
878:
854:
834:
833:
831:
828:
827:
826:
821:
814:
811:
810:
809:
800:
793:
791:
788:
781:
779:
776:
769:
767:
762:
755:
753:
748:
741:
739:
736:
729:
727:
724:
717:
713:
710:
701:
698:
662:Medal of Honor
609:Point Du Conde
604:
601:
485:
482:
474:Ganghwa Island
461:Hermit Kingdom
423:
422:
420:
419:
414:
409:
404:
399:
394:
384:
379:
370:
367:
366:
361:
359:
358:
351:
344:
336:
328:
327:
314:
306:
305:
301:
300:
291:
279:
278:
274:
273:
237:
213:
212:
208:
207:
195:
179:
178:
174:
173:
170:
169:
166:
162:
161:
158:Ganghwa Island
156:
154:
150:
149:
146:
138:
137:
124:
123:
116:
115:
107:
106:
64:external links
53:
51:
44:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1135:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1063:1871 in Korea
1061:
1060:
1058:
1051:
1044:
1040:
1035:
1034:
1027:
1024:
1020:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1001:
997:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
926:
922:
921:
916:
912:
908:
907:
903:
901:
900:
897:
894:
893:
892:public domain
868:
864:
858:
855:
850:
846:
839:
836:
829:
825:
822:
820:
817:
816:
812:
807:
806:
797:
792:
785:
780:
773:
768:
765:
759:
754:
751:
745:
740:
733:
728:
721:
716:
711:
709:
707:
699:
697:
695:
690:
688:
684:
681:
677:
674:
670:
667:
663:
659:
655:
654:Charles Brown
652:
648:
644:
638:
636:
633:
629:
628:
622:
618:
617:Fort Monocacy
614:
613:Fort Du Conde
610:
602:
600:
598:
594:
590:
586:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
558:
554:
551:
547:
546:
540:
539:
534:
530:
529:
523:
522:
517:
513:
512:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
483:
481:
479:
475:
470:
466:
462:
458:
457:
451:
447:
443:
442:United States
439:
435:
431:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
392:
388:
385:
383:
380:
378:
376:
372:
371:
368:
357:
352:
350:
345:
343:
338:
337:
334:
315:
308:
307:
302:
292:
281:
280:
275:
272:
270:
256:
254:
248:
238:
236:
225:
215:
214:
209:
206:
196:
193:
192:United States
181:
180:
175:
167:
164:
163:
159:
155:
152:
151:
147:
144:
143:
139:
135:
130:
125:
122:
117:
112:
103:
100:
92:
82:
78:
72:
71:
65:
61:
57:
52:
43:
42:
37:
33:
19:
1049:
1032:
1023:Google Books
995:
954:
950:
919:
898:
889:
882:
870:. Retrieved
866:
857:
848:
838:
804:
763:
749:
706:Mr. Sunshine
703:
691:
686:
669:Cyrus Hayden
639:
626:
606:
596:
592:
588:
584:
579:
575:
553:John Rodgers
550:Rear Admiral
544:
537:
527:
520:
510:
487:
455:
429:
427:
390:
374:
284:6 howitzers
268:
252:
224:John Rodgers
177:Belligerents
133:
119:Part of the
95:
86:
75:Please help
67:
683:Eo Jae-yeon
316:243 killed
311:10 wounded
247:Eo Jae-yeon
89:August 2018
81:introducing
1057:Categories
1043:1285646542
1014:1223098593
987:5545717223
872:2022-12-09
830:References
694:until 1882
643:Fort Palos
635:Hugh McKee
632:Lieutenant
621:Fort McKee
484:Background
293:300 troops
290:2 gunboats
286:1 frigate
282:651 troops
971:0021-8723
939:248251538
911:Boot, Max
666:Carpenter
580:Monocacy,
557:Commander
502:howitzers
309:3 killed
913:(2002).
813:See also
805:Monocacy
687:Monocacy
651:Corporal
627:Monocacy
593:Monocacy
591:and USS
578:and USS
538:Monocacy
533:gunboats
531:and the
511:Colorado
440:and the
297:6 forts
277:Strength
153:Location
979:3092545
712:Gallery
680:General
673:Private
528:Benicia
506:Frigate
498:marines
494:sailors
269:†
253:†
77:improve
1041:
1012:
1002:
985:
977:
969:
937:
927:
888:
658:sujagi
603:Battle
572:Inchon
541:, and
521:Alaska
516:sloops
514:, the
496:, 109
438:Joseon
249:
205:Joseon
189:
165:Result
975:JSTOR
589:Palos
585:Palos
576:Palos
545:Palos
478:forts
450:Japan
62:, or
1039:OCLC
1010:OCLC
1000:ISBN
983:OCLC
967:ISSN
935:OCLC
925:ISBN
803:USS
625:USS
555:and
543:USS
536:USS
526:USS
524:and
519:USS
509:USS
488:The
467:had
428:The
145:Date
1021:at
959:doi
476:'s
454:SS
1059::
1008:.
981:.
973:.
965:.
955:89
953:.
933:.
917:.
865:.
847:.
696:.
649:.
66:,
58:,
1025:.
1016:.
989:.
961::
941:.
899:.
875:.
851:.
393:)
389:(
355:e
348:t
341:v
102:)
96:(
91:)
87:(
73:.
38:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
