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corrects the main problem of combinations being too sharp. By using the fourth valve by itself to replace the first and third combination, or the fourth and second valves in place of the first, second and third valve combinations, the notes requiring these fingerings are more in tune. The fourth valve used in combination with, rather than instead of, the first three valves fills in the missing notes in the bottom octave allowing the player to play chromatically down to the fundamental pitch of the instrument. For the reason given in the preceding paragraph some of these notes will tend to be sharp and must by "lipped" into tune by the player.
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147:
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43:
2360:. With the comfort of the player in mind, companies have provided harnesses that sometimes use a strap joined to the tuba with two rings, a 'sack' to hold the bottom of the tuba, or numerous straps holding the larger parts of tubing on the tuba. The strap(s) goes over the shoulder like a sash or sit at the waist, so the musician can play the instrument in the same position as when sitting.
1059:, was a bass instrument shaped in a wavy form to make the tone holes accessible to the player. Tone holes change the pitch by providing an intentional leak in the bugle of the instrument, but this system has a pronounced effect on the timbre. By using valves instead, the tuba could produce a smoother tone, which led to its popularity. Tubas were mostly used by French composers, especially
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237:
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to air flow when compared to a non-compensating tuba. This is due to the need for the air to flow through the valves twice. It also makes the instrument heavier. But many prefer this approach to having additional valves – or to the manipulation of tuning slides while playing – to achieve improved intonation within an ensemble.
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2918:
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The
Blaikley design plumbs the instrument so that if the fourth valve is used, the air is sent back through a second set of branches in the first three valves to compensate for the combination of valves. This does have the disadvantage of making the instrument significantly more "stuffy" or resistant
2096:
The valves add tubing to the main tube of the instrument, thus lowering its fundamental pitch. The first valve lowers the pitch by a whole step (two semitones), the second valve by a semitone, and the third valve by three semitones. Used in combination, the valve tubing is too short and the resulting
2070:
Piston valves require more maintenance than rotary valves – they require regular oiling to keep them freely operating, while rotary valves are sealed and seldom require oiling. Piston valves are easy to disassemble and re-assemble, while rotary valve disassembly and re-assembly is much more difficult
2011:
No standards exist for these designations, and their use is up to manufacturers who usually use them to distinguish among the instruments in their own product line. The size designation is related to the larger outer branches and not to the bore of the tubing at the valves, though the bore is usually
1883:
rotary-valved tubas pitched in the same octave as euphoniums. The "Small Swiss Tuba in C" is a tenor tuba pitched in C, and provided with 6 valves to make the lower notes in the orchestral repertoire possible. The French C tuba was the standard instrument in French orchestras until overtaken by F and
2163:
Some tubas have a compensating system to allow accurate tuning when using several valves in combination, simplifying fingering and removing the need to constantly adjust slide positions. The most popular of the automatic compensation systems was invented by
Blaikley (Bevan, 1874) and was patented by
1831:
tuba often plays an octave above the contrabass tubas in brass bands, and the F tuba is commonly used by professional players as a solo instrument and, in
America, to play higher parts in the classical repertoire (or parts that were originally written for the F tuba, as is the case with Berlioz). In
2128:
The fourth valve is used in place of combinations of the first and third valves, and the second and fourth used in combination are used in place of the first three valves in combination. The fourth valve can be tuned to lower the pitch of the main tube accurately by five semitones, and thus its use
2132:
A fifth and sixth valve, if fitted, are used to provide alternative fingering possibilities to improve intonation, and are also used to reach into the low register of the instrument where all the valves will be used in combination to fill the first octave between the fundamental pitch and the next
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can be manually screwed on next to the valves. The tuba is then usually rested on the left shoulder (although some tubas allow use of the right shoulder), with the bell facing directly in front of the player. Some marching tubas are made only for marching, and cannot be converted into a concert
2142:
tuba and a fourth above the CC tuba, so it needs additional tubing length beyond that provided by four valves to play securely down to a low F as required in much tuba music. The fifth valve is commonly tuned to a flat whole step, so that when used with the fourth valve, it gives an in-tune low
2022:
tubas are common in
American grade schools for use by young tuba players for whom a full size instrument might be too cumbersome. Though smaller and lighter, they are tuned and keyed identically to full-size tubas of the same pitch, although they usually have 3 rather than 4 or 5 valves.
1113:
is also seen instead of a tuba in the orchestral repertoire. The name is translated from "corno in basso" in German. The original design was inspired by the ophicleide and the bassoon. The cimbasso is rare today, but it is sometimes used in historically accurate performances.
2168:, which also, later still, produced Besson instruments). The patent on the system limited its application outside of Britain, and to this day, tubas with compensating valves are primarily popular in the United Kingdom and countries of the former British Empire.
1920:
exist but are extremely rare (there are at least four known examples). One four-valve example was exhibited by maker
Bohland & Fuchs in 1928, its bell 50 inches in diameter, its height 110 inches, its weight 200 pounds. Two were built by Gustave Besson in
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available note on the open tube. The fifth and sixth valves also give the musician the ability to trill more smoothly or to use alternative fingerings for ease of playing. This type of tuba is what is most found in orchestras and wind bands around the world.
1672:, resembles a helicon with the bell pointed up (in the original models as the J. W. Pepper prototype and Sousa's concert instruments) and then curved to point forward (as developed by Conn and others). Some ancestors of the tuba, such as the military
1659:
because of their popularity in the early days of recorded music, as their sound could more easily be directed at the recording microphone. When wrapped to surround the body for cavalry bands on horseback or marching, it is traditionally known as a
1746:
tuba sounding one octave and a major sixth below the written pitch. This allows musicians to change instruments without learning new fingerings for the same written music. Consequently, when its music is written in treble clef, the tuba is a
1701:, and others with different tapers or no taper. Around the start of the Civil War, saxhorns manufactured for military use in the USA were commonly wrapped with the bell pointing backwards over the player's shoulder, and these were known as
1039:
of the instrument and still have a complete selection of notes. Prior to the invention of valves, brass instruments were limited to notes in the harmonic series, and were thus generally played very high with respect to their
2084:
tuba) usually has three valves. Among advanced players, four and five valve tubas are by far the most common choices, with six-valve tubas being relatively rare except among F tubas, which mostly have five or six valves.
1101:
contrabass tuba were pitched in F and C (see below on pitch systems). Sax's instruments gained dominance in France, and later in
Britain and America, as a result of the movements of popular instrument makers such as
2208:
or privileged tones. Adding the six semitones provided by the three valves, these alternative resonances let the instrument play chromatically down to the fundamental of the open bugle (which is a 29 Hz
1947:
by
Bohland & Fuchs probably during 1910 or 1911 and was destined for the World Exhibition in New York in 1913. Two players are needed; one to operate the valves and one to blow into the mouthpiece.
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1956:
In addition to the length of the instrument, which dictates the fundamental pitch, tubas also vary in overall width of the tubing sections. Tuba sizes are usually denoted by a quarter system, with
1442:
2074:
Tubas generally have from three to six valves, though some rare exceptions exist. Three-valve tubas are generally the least expensive and are almost exclusively used by amateurs, and the
1632:, meaning the bore diameter increases as a function of the tubing length from the mouthpiece to the bell. The conical bore causes the instrument to produce a preponderance of even-order
2222:. Thus, even three-valved instruments with good alternative resonances can produce very low sounds in the hands of skilled players; instruments with four valves can play even lower.
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2067:
around the same time. Pistons may either be oriented to point to the top of the instrument (top-action) or out the front of the instrument (front-action or side-action).
1933:
contrabass tuba, on the suggestion of John Philip Sousa. The monster instruments were not completed until just after Sousa's death. Later, in the 1950s, British musician
2204:, 39 Hz), which is between the fundamental and the second harmonic (an octave higher than the fundamental). These alternative resonances are often known as
1770:
tubas respectively, based on a traditional distortion of a now-obsolete octave naming convention. The fundamental pitch of a CC tuba is 32 Hz, and for a BB
2297:
There are many types of tubas that are manufactured in Europe, the United States, and Asia. In Europe, the predominant models that are professionally used are
1730:
Most music for the tuba is written in bass clef in concert pitch, so tuba players must know the correct fingerings for their specific instruments. Traditional
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1081:, like Wieprecht, was interested in marketing families of instruments ranging from soprano to bass, and developed a series of brass instruments known as
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2337:, an instrument that is easier to carry since it was invented specifically for this and almost always cheaper than a true marching tuba. The earlier
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as 1-2-4-5-6. In CC tubas with five valves, the fifth valve may be tuned as a flat whole step or as a minor third depending on the instrument.
2012:
reported in instrument specifications. The quarter system is also not directly related to bell size, though there is typically a correlation.
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1988:, which is a replica of the large York tubas owned by the Chicago Symphony Orchestra). Grand orchestral tubas are generally described as
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1044:. Harmonics starting three octaves above the fundamental pitch are about a whole step apart, making a useful variety of notes possible.
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954:. As with all brass instruments, the sound is produced by lip vibration – a buzz – into a
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made his fifth trombonist double on tuba, namely on ballads to make use of the tuba's distinct warm, enveloping sound.
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Some tubas have a strong and useful resonance that is not in the well-known harmonic series. For example, most large B
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for indoor performances. In this context, the tuba was sometimes called "brass bass", as opposed to the double bass
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on 12 September 1835 for a "bass tuba" in F1. The original
Wieprecht and Moritz instrument used five valves of the
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valves. Rotary valves, invented by Joseph Riedl, are based on a design included in the original valve patents by
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tubas are the contrabass tuba of choice in German, Austrian, and
Russian orchestras. In the United States, the BB
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was the first to use true rotary valves, starting in the 1840s or 1850s. Modern piston valves were developed by
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2149:. The sixth valve is commonly tuned as a flat half step, allowing the F tuba to play low G as 1-4-5-6 and low G
1126:
usually has a single tuba, though an additional tuba may be requested. It serves as the bass of the orchestral
1604:. The key of a tuba depends on the fundamental pitch of the instrument, or fundamental note in the series of
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3570:
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2218:). The addition of valves below that note can lower the instrument a further six semitones to a 20 Hz E
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tuba by three semitones. Thus, the first and third valves used in combination lower the pitch by something
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2537:"tuba noun - Pronunciation | Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary at Oxford Learner's Dictionaries"
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1622:
tuba is approximately 18 feet (5.5 m) long, while that of a C tuba is 16 feet (4.9 m), of an E
1431:
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used a bowl-shaped brass instrument mouthpiece but had keys and tone holes similar to those of a modern
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958:. It first appeared in the mid-19th century, making it one of the newer instruments in the modern
190:
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since the genre's inception. In the earliest years, bands often used a tuba for outdoor playing and a
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tuba, 29 Hz. The CC tuba is used as an orchestral and concert band instrument in the U.S., but BB
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1984:(examples: the Conn 36J Orchestra Grand Bass from the 1930s, and the current model Hirsbrunner HB-50
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1138:. It provides the bass of brass quintets and choirs (though many small brass ensembles will use the
3829:
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of five semitones, and the first three valves used in combination are nearly a quarter tone sharp.
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2751:"Bohland & Fuchs Show Largest Brass Bass Horn." Music Trade Review, 87:8 (25 August 1928), 16.
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A tuba with its tubing wrapped for placing the instrument on the player's lap is usually called a
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tuba when the first valve is depressed. The third valve is long enough to lower the pitch of a BB
1916:
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A person who plays the tuba is called a tubaist, a tubist, or simply a tuba player. In a
British
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75:
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Standard tubas can also be played whilst standing and marching, which is the usual practice in
2175:
Most modern professional-grade euphoniums also now feature Blaikley-style compensating valves.
1106:(who moved from France to Britain) and Henry Distin (who eventually found his way to America).
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3321:
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most of Europe, the F tuba is the standard orchestral instrument, supplemented by the CC or BB
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marching bands) and for adult amateurs. Many professionals in the U.S. play CC tubas, with BB
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being pressed. Tubas in different keys use different lengths of tubing. The main tube of a B
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During the American Civil War, most brass bands used a branch of the brass family known as
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tuba 13 feet (4.0 m), and of an F tuba 12 feet (3.7 m). The instrument has a
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1158:, and those ensembles generally have two to four tubas. It is also a solo instrument.
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1685:, which, by today's standards, have a narrower bore taper than tuba—the same as true
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1980:. Larger piston tubas, particularly those with front action, are sometimes known as
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contrabass tuba. The term "tenor tuba" is often used more specifically to refer to B
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Detwiler, Dave. "Heritage: Marching Through the Early History of the Sousaphone".
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for use in his comedic music festivals. Also, a tuba pitched in FFF was made in
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The lowest note in the widely known repertoire is a 16 Hz double-pedal C
2115:
tuba by three semitones, but it is not long enough to lower the pitch of an A
1966:
designating a normal, full-size tuba. Larger rotary instruments are known as
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commissioned the London firm of Paxman to create a subcontrabass tuba in EEE
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rather than by buzzing the lips. The fundamental of this pitch borders on
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except as a convenience when comparing it to other sizes of the saxhorn.
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1906:, though the rest of the work is scored for this instrument as well.
1804:
also common, and many train in the use of all four pitches of tubas.
1686:
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Tuba by Wieprecht & Moritz as described in Prussian patent No.19.
841:
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469:
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1676:, had unusual valve and bore arrangements compared to modern tubas.
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have been written for the tuba by many notable composers, including
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external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into
2411:
In modern jazz, it is not unknown for their players to take solos.
1723:
tuba, has a narrower bore and as such cannot be called by the name
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parts for the tuba are usually written in treble clef, with the B
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2274:
1788:
tuba is the most common in schools (largely due to the use of BB
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2891:
William, Pryor. "New Orleans Jazz and the Trad Jazz Movement".
2341:
is still used by bands in Europe and other parts of the world.
2313:
are some of the most well known brands from the United States.
2088:
2911:
2071:
and is generally left to qualified instrument repair persons.
1717:
bass, even though it shared the same tube length as a modern E
1085:. The instruments developed by Sax were generally pitched in E
950:) is the largest and lowest-pitched musical instrument in the
36:
3719:
List of euphonium, baritone horn and tenor horn manufacturers
3010:
1888:. One popular example of the use of the French C tuba is the
1146:
as the lowest voice). It is the principal bass instrument in
936:
904:
3000:
2301:(Germany) and Miraphone (Germany). Asian brands include the
1028:. The first tenor tuba was invented in 1838 by Moritz's son
235:
3020:
1842:, for example, specifically notates the low tuba parts for
1075:. These pieces are now normally performed on F or CC tuba.
1035:
The addition of valves made it possible to play low in the
942:
910:
901:
3005:
1592:
Tubas are found in various pitches, most commonly in F, E
3011:
Tubenet Sean Chisham's popular Tubenet discussion forum
2936:
2931:
may not follow Knowledge (XXG)'s policies or guidelines
2398:
jazz scene. The tuba was used most frequently with the
1196:
Well known and influential parts for the tuba include:
1063:, who famously used the ophicleide in his compositions
2685:
Meucci, Renato. "Historical Account on the Cimbasso".
2565:. New York, NY: Dover Publications, Inc. p. 530.
1740:
tuba sounding two octaves and one step below and the E
1130:
section and it can reinforce the bass voices of the
1097:, while the Wieprecht "basstuba" and the subsequent
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Official site for the annual TubaChristmas concerts
1852:
tubas in most regions. In the United Kingdom, the E
930:
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67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2345:players, however, generally use marching tubas or
2136:The bass tuba in F is pitched a fifth above the BB
3016:Brass-Forum.co.uk UK based brass discussion forum
2321:Some tubas are capable of being converted into a
151:A bass tuba in F with front-action piston valves
2435:albums, including the sessions compiled as the
1998:tubas. Smaller instruments may be described as
1811:Comparison of euphonium (left) and tuba (right)
3745:
3056:
863:
8:
3001:The International Tuba-Euphonium Association
2996:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
1861:The euphonium is sometimes referred to as a
1825:(a fourth above the contrabass tubas). The E
1572:Tuba section (known as "bass section") in a
139:
3752:
3738:
3730:
3063:
3049:
3041:
2391:. Many musicians played both instruments.
2305:(Japan) and Jupiter Instruments (Taiwan).
2097:pitch tends to be sharp. For example, a BB
1705:, and came in sizes from cornets down to E
870:
856:
369:
2967:Learn how and when to remove this message
2427:use a sousaphone as the bass instrument.
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
1751:but not when the music is in bass clef.
3021:Brassmusic.Ru — Russian Brass Community
2528:
1838:only when the extra weight is desired.
377:
2237:, which is often played using a timed
2189:tubas have a strong resonance at low E
1189:tubas are used and are referred to as
1055:. Another forerunner to the tuba, the
1024:that was the forerunner of the modern
138:
2394:This practice was mostly used in the
2257:The tuba is generally constructed of
1655:) instead of upward are often called
7:
3026:Tuba/Sousaphone as blues instruments
2587:"tuba definition - Latin Dictionary"
2325:style, known as "marching tubas". A
65:adding citations to reliable sources
2372:"Kaiserbass" (tuba in B♭) and
2281:. Unfinished brass will eventually
2402:groups and prominent in the album
2063:family of instruments promoted by
1668:, named after American bandmaster
993:, they are known as bass players.
25:
1858:is the standard orchestral tuba.
1754:The lowest pitched tubas are the
3878:
2916:
2333:Most marching bands opt for the
1362:Homenaje a Federico García Lorca
926:
894:
352:
329:
145:
41:
2786:Winter, James (1975). "Brass".
1871:, one octave higher than the BB
1815:The next smaller tubas are the
191:Hornbostel–Sachs classification
52:needs additional citations for
3637:Drum and bugle corps (classic)
2541:Oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com
2285:and thus must be periodically
2261:, which is either unfinished,
2247:its overtones define the pitch
1299:Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg
1:
3642:Drum and bugle corps (modern)
2829:"Instruments and Equipment".
2693:: 44–45 – via ProQuest.
2447:. New York City-based tubist
2103:tuba becomes (in effect) an A
1259:: All symphonies, except the
1012:Patent No. 19 was granted to
2289:to maintain its appearance.
2092:Tuba with four rotary valves
1846:which are played on CC or BB
2078:(a marching version of a BB
2031:Tubas are made with either
1014:Wilhelm Friedrich Wieprecht
966:, and largely replaced the
210:Wilhelm Friedrich Wieprecht
4084:
4058:German musical instruments
3704:Pitch of brass instruments
2641:"Vienna Symphonic Library"
2451:performed frequently with
2379:The tuba has been used in
1764:, referred to as CC and BB
1703:over-the-shoulder saxhorns
29:
4063:Marching band instruments
3876:
2307:Holton Instrument Company
2179:Resonance and false tones
1927:, one octave below the BB
1903:Pictures at an Exhibition
1210:Pictures at an Exhibition
1175:British style brass bands
318:
252:
234:
201:sounded by lip vibration)
144:
2311:King Musical Instruments
1732:British-style brass band
1612:) available without any
1574:British style brass band
2993:Encyclopædia Britannica
2831:Music Educators Journal
2788:Music Educators Journal
2561:Forsyth, Cecil (1982).
2470:Brass instrument valves
2431:played tuba on several
2249:in the listener's ear.
1443:Symphonic Metamorphosis
1233:Also sprach Zarathustra
1018:Johann Gottfried Moritz
214:Johann Gottfried Moritz
4068:Orchestral instruments
4053:Contrabass instruments
3488:Marching baritone horn
3006:International Tuba Day
2421:Dirty Dozen Brass Band
2376:
2093:
1982:grand orchestral tubas
1970:and are often denoted
1812:
1749:transposing instrument
1711:basses. However, the E
1589:
1564:Types and construction
1480:Ralph Vaughan Williams
1222:Night on Bald Mountain
1104:Gustave Auguste Besson
1006:
240:
4007:Low-frequency effects
3673:Classical trombonists
3270:Double bell euphonium
3031:More Thoughts on Tuba
2762:"Compensating System"
2371:
2091:
1810:
1576:, consisting of two E
1571:
1426:Symphonie fantastique
1358:La noche de los mayas
1311:Ride of the Valkyries
1066:Symphonie fantastique
1004:
239:
32:Tuba (disambiguation)
3775:Acoustic bass guitar
2937:improve this article
2837:(9): 101–102. 1969.
2667:, Scriveners, 1978.
2591:Latin-Dictionary.org
2495:List of tuba players
2490:Helicon (instrument)
2455:. Starting in 1955,
2343:Drum and bugle corps
2253:Materials and finish
1896:'s orchestration of
1496:Alexander Arutiunian
1343:An American in Paris
1167:drum and bugle corps
348:High range of a Tuba
61:improve this article
30:For other uses, see
3830:Contrabass trombone
2949:footnote references
2729:"Trombone and Tuba"
2354:British brass bands
2159:Compensating valves
1917:subcontrabass tubas
1865:and is pitched in B
1819:, pitched in F or E
1758:, pitched in C or B
1349:Silvestre Revueltas
1030:Carl Wilhelm Moritz
1022:Berlinerpumpen type
794:Electronic keyboard
379:Musical instruments
373:Part of a series on
325:Low range of a Tuba
247:Related instruments
141:
3622:British brass band
3493:Marching euphonium
3260:Subcontrabass tuba
2480:Subcontrabass tuba
2425:Rebirth Brass Band
2377:
2303:Yamaha Corporation
2094:
1884:C tubas since the
1813:
1693:but distinct from
1651:pointing forward (
1590:
1460:: Symphonies Nos.
1381:: Symphonies Nos.
1271:The Rite of Spring
1239:Eine Alpensinfonie
1161:Tubas are used in
1007:
523:String instruments
261:Subcontrabass tuba
241:
4030:
4029:
3780:Bass (voice type)
3727:
3726:
3683:Euphonium players
3072:Brass instruments
2987:"Bombardon"
2977:
2976:
2969:
2438:Birth of the Cool
2347:Contrabass bugles
2166:Boosey and Hawkes
2041:Friedrich Blühmel
1670:John Philip Sousa
1653:pavillon tournant
1647:. Tubas with the
1530:(Tuba Concerto),
1409:Fountains of Rome
1404:Ottorino Respighi
1245:Till Eulenspiegel
1201:Modest Mussorgsky
1072:Benvenuto Cellini
1042:fundamental pitch
880:
879:
458:Brass instruments
368:
367:
357:
334:
137:
136:
129:
111:
16:(Redirected from
4075:
3882:
3810:Bass synthesizer
3754:
3747:
3740:
3731:
3678:Jazz trombonists
3658:(all) Trumpeters
3596:Axial flow valve
3508:Contrabass bugle
3065:
3058:
3051:
3042:
2997:
2989:
2972:
2965:
2961:
2958:
2952:
2920:
2919:
2912:
2901:
2900:
2888:
2882:
2881:
2869:
2863:
2862:
2826:
2820:
2819:
2783:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2772:
2758:
2752:
2749:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2739:
2725:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2715:
2701:
2695:
2694:
2682:
2676:
2663:Clifford Bevan,
2661:
2655:
2654:
2652:
2651:
2637:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2627:
2613:
2607:
2606:
2604:
2602:
2593:. Archived from
2583:
2577:
2576:
2558:
2552:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2533:
2475:Contrabass bugle
2453:Henry Threadgill
2214:
2213:
2200:
2199:
2194:
2193:
2188:
2187:
2154:
2153:
2148:
2147:
2141:
2140:
2120:
2119:
2114:
2113:
2108:
2107:
2102:
2101:
2083:
2082:
2057:François Périnet
2045:Heinrich Stölzel
2021:
2020:
2016:
2007:
2006:
2002:
1997:
1996:
1992:
1986:Grand Orchestral
1979:
1978:
1974:
1965:
1964:
1960:
1942:
1941:
1932:
1931:
1926:
1925:
1914:
1913:
1886:Second World War
1882:
1881:
1876:
1875:
1870:
1869:
1857:
1856:
1851:
1850:
1837:
1836:
1830:
1829:
1824:
1823:
1803:
1802:
1793:
1792:
1787:
1786:
1781:
1780:
1775:
1774:
1769:
1768:
1763:
1762:
1756:contrabass tubas
1745:
1744:
1739:
1738:
1722:
1721:
1716:
1715:
1710:
1709:
1627:
1626:
1621:
1620:
1603:
1602:
1597:
1596:
1587:
1586:
1581:
1580:
1332:Romeo and Juliet
1323:Sergei Prokofiev
1188:
1187:
1182:
1181:
1173:(see below). In
1096:
1095:
1090:
1089:
949:
948:
945:
944:
941:
938:
935:
932:
925:
917:
916:
913:
912:
909:
906:
903:
900:
893:
872:
865:
858:
370:
359:
358:
336:
335:
271:Contrabass bugle
158:Brass instrument
149:
142:
132:
125:
121:
118:
112:
110:
69:
45:
37:
27:Brass instrument
21:
4083:
4082:
4078:
4077:
4076:
4074:
4073:
4072:
4033:
4032:
4031:
4026:
3994:
3988:
3889:
3883:
3874:
3763:
3758:
3728:
3723:
3692:
3663:Jazz trumpeters
3646:
3605:
3601:Harmonic series
3517:Parts/technique
3512:
3469:
3413:
3372:Soprano helicon
3342:Baroque trumpet
3337:Natural trumpet
3278:
3229:Alto/Tenor horn
3113:Fanfare trumpet
3074:
3069:
2980:
2973:
2962:
2956:
2953:
2934:
2925:This section's
2921:
2917:
2910:
2905:
2904:
2890:
2889:
2885:
2871:
2870:
2866:
2843:10.2307/3392572
2828:
2827:
2823:
2800:10.2307/3394871
2785:
2784:
2780:
2770:
2768:
2760:
2759:
2755:
2750:
2746:
2737:
2735:
2727:
2726:
2722:
2713:
2711:
2703:
2702:
2698:
2684:
2683:
2679:
2665:The Tuba Family
2662:
2658:
2649:
2647:
2639:
2638:
2634:
2625:
2623:
2621:Merriam-Webster
2615:
2614:
2610:
2600:
2598:
2597:on 22 June 2015
2585:
2584:
2580:
2573:
2560:
2559:
2555:
2545:
2543:
2535:
2534:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2505:Tuba repertoire
2465:
2400:Louis Armstrong
2366:
2319:
2295:
2255:
2228:
2221:
2217:
2211:
2210:
2203:
2197:
2196:
2191:
2190:
2185:
2184:
2181:
2164:Boosey (later,
2161:
2151:
2150:
2145:
2144:
2138:
2137:
2117:
2116:
2111:
2110:
2105:
2104:
2099:
2098:
2080:
2079:
2029:
2018:
2014:
2013:
2004:
2000:
1999:
1994:
1990:
1989:
1976:
1972:
1971:
1962:
1958:
1957:
1954:
1939:
1938:
1935:Gerard Hoffnung
1929:
1928:
1923:
1922:
1911:
1910:
1879:
1878:
1873:
1872:
1867:
1866:
1854:
1853:
1848:
1847:
1844:Kontrabasstuba,
1834:
1833:
1827:
1826:
1821:
1820:
1800:
1799:
1794:sousaphones in
1790:
1789:
1784:
1783:
1778:
1777:
1772:
1771:
1766:
1765:
1760:
1759:
1742:
1741:
1736:
1735:
1719:
1718:
1713:
1712:
1707:
1706:
1657:recording tubas
1624:
1623:
1618:
1617:
1600:
1599:
1594:
1593:
1584:
1583:
1578:
1577:
1566:
1544:Jennifer Higdon
1528:Bruce Broughton
1449:Johannes Brahms
1432:Hungarian March
1338:George Gershwin
1251:Ein Heldenleben
1228:Richard Strauss
1185:
1184:
1179:
1178:
1120:
1093:
1092:
1087:
1086:
1037:harmonic series
999:
929:
920:
919:
897:
888:
887:
876:
847:
846:
837:
829:
828:
779:
769:
768:
739:aka Kettledrums
652:
642:
641:
525:
515:
514:
460:
450:
449:
390:
364:
363:
362:
361:
360:
353:
350:
341:
340:
339:
338:
337:
330:
327:
196:
152:
133:
122:
116:
113:
70:
68:
58:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4081:
4079:
4071:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4035:
4034:
4028:
4027:
4025:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
4002:Bass amplifier
3998:
3996:
3990:
3989:
3987:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3949:Unfigured bass
3946:
3941:
3936:
3934:Basso continuo
3931:
3926:
3921:
3920:
3919:
3914:
3904:
3899:
3897:Alternate bass
3893:
3891:
3885:
3884:
3877:
3875:
3873:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3860:Pedal keyboard
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3805:Bass saxophone
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3771:
3769:
3765:
3764:
3759:
3757:
3756:
3749:
3742:
3734:
3725:
3724:
3722:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3700:
3698:
3694:
3693:
3691:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3654:
3652:
3648:
3647:
3645:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3613:
3611:
3607:
3606:
3604:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3537:
3536:
3531:
3520:
3518:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3479:
3477:
3471:
3470:
3468:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3421:
3419:
3415:
3414:
3412:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3375:
3374:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3313:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3292:
3286:
3284:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3276:
3275:
3274:
3273:
3272:
3262:
3250:
3249:
3248:
3247:
3246:
3241:
3231:
3226:
3214:
3213:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3175:
3174:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3141:
3140:
3139:
3137:Soprano cornet
3127:
3126:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3108:Pocket trumpet
3105:
3100:
3095:
3082:
3080:
3076:
3075:
3070:
3068:
3067:
3060:
3053:
3045:
3039:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2984:, ed. (1911).
2982:Chisholm, Hugh
2975:
2974:
2929:external links
2924:
2922:
2915:
2909:
2908:External links
2906:
2903:
2902:
2883:
2864:
2821:
2778:
2753:
2744:
2720:
2696:
2677:
2656:
2632:
2608:
2578:
2571:
2553:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2518:
2513:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2365:
2362:
2358:military bands
2318:
2315:
2294:
2291:
2267:electro-plated
2254:
2251:
2239:flutter tongue
2226:
2219:
2215:
2201:
2180:
2177:
2160:
2157:
2028:
2025:
2008:instruments.
1953:
1952:Size vs. pitch
1950:
1565:
1562:
1512:Martin Ellerby
1508:Joseph Hallman
1488:Edward Gregson
1473:
1472:
1458:Anton Bruckner
1455:
1453:Symphony No. 2
1446:
1438:Paul Hindemith
1435:
1421:Hector Berlioz
1418:
1401:
1376:
1365:
1346:
1335:
1327:Fifth Symphony
1320:
1317:Faust Overture
1294:Richard Wagner
1291:
1280:
1263:
1254:
1225:
1163:marching bands
1156:military bands
1119:
1116:
1061:Hector Berlioz
998:
995:
878:
877:
875:
874:
867:
860:
852:
849:
848:
845:
844:
838:
835:
834:
831:
830:
827:
826:
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
791:
789:Clavicytherium
786:
780:
775:
774:
771:
770:
767:
766:
761:
756:
750:
745:
740:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
653:
648:
647:
644:
643:
640:
639:
634:
629:
624:
619:
614:
609:
604:
599:
594:
589:
584:
579:
574:
563:
562:
557:
552:
547:
542:
537:
526:
521:
520:
517:
516:
513:
512:
507:
502:
497:
492:
487:
482:
477:
472:
467:
461:
456:
455:
452:
451:
448:
447:
442:
437:
432:
427:
422:
417:
412:
407:
402:
397:
391:
386:
385:
382:
381:
375:
374:
366:
365:
351:
346:
345:
344:
343:
342:
328:
323:
322:
321:
320:
319:
316:
315:
311:
310:
309:
308:
303:
298:
293:
288:
283:
278:
273:
268:
263:
258:
250:
249:
243:
242:
232:
231:
225:
224:
221:
217:
216:
207:
203:
202:
193:
187:
186:
185:
184:
179:
174:
167:
165:Classification
161:
160:
154:
153:
150:
135:
134:
49:
47:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4080:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4040:
4038:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3999:
3997:
3991:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3909:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3894:
3892:
3886:
3881:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3850:Keyboard bass
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3825:Contrabassoon
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3815:Bass trombone
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3785:Bass clarinet
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3772:
3770:
3766:
3762:
3755:
3750:
3748:
3743:
3741:
3736:
3735:
3732:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3709:Brass section
3707:
3705:
3702:
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3699:
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3689:
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3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
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3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3655:
3653:
3649:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3632:Brass quintet
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3614:
3612:
3608:
3602:
3599:
3597:
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3584:
3582:
3579:
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3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3546:Hand-stopping
3544:
3542:
3539:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3526:
3525:
3522:
3521:
3519:
3515:
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3407:
3405:
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3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3373:
3370:
3369:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3352:Slide trumpet
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3311:
3310:Tenor cornett
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3297:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3287:
3285:
3281:
3271:
3268:
3267:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3257:
3256:
3255:
3251:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3236:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3224:Baritone horn
3222:
3221:
3220:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
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3188:
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3032:
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3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2995:
2994:
2988:
2983:
2979:
2978:
2971:
2968:
2960:
2950:
2946:
2945:inappropriate
2942:
2938:
2932:
2930:
2923:
2914:
2913:
2907:
2898:
2894:
2893:IAJRC Journal
2887:
2884:
2879:
2875:
2868:
2865:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2836:
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2822:
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2813:
2809:
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2801:
2797:
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2730:
2724:
2721:
2710:
2706:
2700:
2697:
2692:
2688:
2681:
2678:
2674:
2673:9780684154770
2670:
2666:
2660:
2657:
2646:
2642:
2636:
2633:
2622:
2618:
2612:
2609:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2582:
2579:
2574:
2572:0-486-24383-4
2568:
2564:
2563:Orchestration
2557:
2554:
2542:
2538:
2532:
2529:
2522:
2517:
2514:
2512:(music event)
2511:
2510:Tubachristmas
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
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2434:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2409:
2407:
2406:
2401:
2397:
2392:
2390:
2389:(string bass)
2386:
2382:
2375:
2370:
2363:
2361:
2359:
2355:
2350:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2331:
2328:
2324:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2293:Manufacturers
2292:
2290:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2235:Encounters II
2232:
2231:William Kraft
2223:
2207:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2169:
2167:
2158:
2156:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2124:
2090:
2086:
2077:
2072:
2068:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2026:
2024:
2009:
1987:
1983:
1969:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1936:
1919:
1918:
1907:
1905:
1904:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1864:
1859:
1845:
1841:
1818:
1809:
1805:
1797:
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1733:
1728:
1726:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1683:
1677:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1664:. The modern
1663:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1637:
1635:
1631:
1615:
1611:
1608:(also called
1607:
1575:
1570:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1558:
1553:
1549:
1548:Tuba Concerto
1545:
1541:
1540:David Carlson
1537:
1536:Roger Steptoe
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1516:Philip Sparke
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1492:John Williams
1489:
1485:
1484:Tuba Concerto
1481:
1477:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1444:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1433:
1428:
1427:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1416:
1415:Pines of Rome
1411:
1410:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1379:Gustav Mahler
1377:
1375:
1374:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1363:
1359:
1355:
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1347:
1345:
1344:
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1318:
1313:
1312:
1307:
1306:
1301:
1300:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1289:
1284:
1283:Edgard Varèse
1281:
1279:
1278:
1273:
1272:
1267:
1264:
1262:
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1252:
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1240:
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1234:
1229:
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1218:
1217:
1212:
1211:
1206:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1159:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1148:concert bands
1145:
1144:bass trombone
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1107:
1105:
1100:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1074:
1073:
1068:
1067:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1045:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1003:
996:
994:
992:
991:military band
988:
983:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
947:
923:
915:
891:
885:
873:
868:
866:
861:
859:
854:
853:
851:
850:
843:
840:
839:
833:
832:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
781:
778:
773:
772:
765:
762:
760:
757:
754:
753:Tubular bells
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
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703:
700:
698:
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693:
690:
688:
685:
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680:
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668:
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663:
660:
658:
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654:
651:
646:
645:
638:
635:
633:
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
600:
598:
595:
593:
590:
588:
585:
583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
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569:
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567:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
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536:
533:
532:
531:
530:
524:
519:
518:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
465:Baritone horn
463:
462:
459:
454:
453:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
405:Contrabassoon
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
392:
389:
384:
383:
380:
376:
372:
371:
349:
326:
317:
312:
307:
304:
302:
299:
297:
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
282:
279:
277:
276:Baritone horn
274:
272:
269:
267:
264:
262:
259:
257:
254:
253:
251:
248:
244:
238:
233:
230:
229:Playing range
226:
222:
218:
215:
211:
208:
204:
200:
194:
192:
188:
183:
180:
178:
175:
173:
170:
169:
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166:
162:
159:
155:
148:
143:
131:
128:
120:
109:
106:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78: –
77:
73:
72:Find sources:
66:
62:
56:
55:
50:This article
48:
44:
39:
38:
33:
19:
4048:Bass (sound)
3995:reproduction
3984:Walking bass
3944:Figured bass
3907:Bass effects
3888:Performance/
3870:Washtub bass
3864:
3761:Bass (sound)
3714:Horn section
3668:Horn players
3627:Balkan brass
3534:Rotary valve
3529:Piston valve
3460:Tibetan horn
3327:Natural horn
3305:Mute cornett
3253:
3252:
3216:
3177:
3143:
3129:
3085:
2991:
2963:
2957:January 2018
2954:
2939:by removing
2926:
2896:
2892:
2886:
2877:
2874:ITEA Journal
2873:
2867:
2834:
2830:
2824:
2794:(2): 34–37.
2791:
2787:
2781:
2769:. Retrieved
2765:
2756:
2747:
2736:. Retrieved
2732:
2723:
2712:. Retrieved
2709:Philharmonia
2708:
2699:
2690:
2687:ITEA Journal
2686:
2680:
2664:
2659:
2648:. Retrieved
2644:
2635:
2624:. Retrieved
2620:
2611:
2599:. Retrieved
2595:the original
2590:
2581:
2562:
2556:
2544:. Retrieved
2540:
2531:
2449:Marcus Rojas
2442:
2436:
2410:
2403:
2393:
2388:
2378:
2351:
2332:
2320:
2299:Meinl-Weston
2296:
2256:
2234:
2224:
2182:
2174:
2170:
2162:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2122:
2095:
2073:
2069:
2030:
2010:
1985:
1981:
1967:
1955:
1915:
1908:
1901:
1892:movement in
1889:
1862:
1860:
1843:
1816:
1814:
1755:
1753:
1729:
1724:
1702:
1680:
1678:
1673:
1656:
1652:
1644:
1643:or simply a
1641:concert tuba
1640:
1638:
1630:conical bore
1609:
1591:
1556:
1532:John Golland
1504:James Barnes
1474:
1441:
1430:
1424:
1413:
1407:
1371:
1368:Gustav Holst
1352:
1341:
1331:
1315:
1309:
1303:
1297:
1286:
1275:
1269:
1257:Shostakovich
1249:
1243:
1237:
1231:
1220:
1214:
1208:
1195:
1190:
1169:and in many
1160:
1121:
1108:
1077:
1070:
1064:
1046:
1034:
1026:piston valve
1008:
984:
971:
964:concert band
952:brass family
883:
881:
682:Glockenspiel
565:
564:
527:
509:
314:Sound sample
123:
117:October 2019
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
71:
59:Please help
54:verification
51:
3964:Lament bass
3912:Bass chorus
3835:Double bass
3800:Bass pedals
3795:Bass guitar
3768:Instruments
3171:Wagner tuba
3166:Vienna horn
3161:German horn
3156:French horn
2766:Dwerden.com
2516:Wagner tuba
2457:Stan Kenton
2444:Miles Ahead
2433:Miles Davis
2429:Bill Barber
2417:brass bands
2413:New Orleans
2396:New Orleans
2385:double bass
2206:false tones
2065:Adolphe Sax
1968:kaisertubas
1796:high school
1552:Marcus Paus
1500:Eric Ewazen
1373:The Planets
1152:brass bands
1079:Adolphe Sax
804:Harpsichord
582:Bass guitar
550:Hurdy-gurdy
540:Double bass
485:French horn
410:Cor anglais
286:Wagner tuba
206:Inventor(s)
4037:Categories
3954:Partimento
3617:Brass band
3566:Pedal tone
3556:Mouthpiece
3551:Embouchure
3503:Sousaphone
3498:Trombonium
3483:Mellophone
3418:Indigenous
3409:Jazzophone
3399:Saxotromba
3389:Sudrophone
3379:Ophicleide
3300:Cornettino
3283:Antiquated
3234:Flugelhorn
3185:Contrabass
3093:Contrabass
2771:4 February
2738:2024-09-08
2714:2023-12-08
2650:2017-09-22
2626:2012-05-26
2601:4 February
2523:References
2500:Roman tuba
2485:Sousaphone
2335:sousaphone
2317:Variations
2243:infrasound
2123:just short
2076:sousaphone
1909:Larger BBB
1898:Mussorgsky
1863:tenor tuba
1817:bass tubas
1699:euphoniums
1666:sousaphone
1582:and two BB
1557:Tuba Mirum
1520:Kalevi Aho
1277:Petroushka
1266:Stravinsky
1261:Fourteenth
1171:jazz bands
1049:ophicleide
987:brass band
968:ophicleide
956:mouthpiece
784:Clavichord
759:Vibraphone
755:aka Chimes
727:Snare drum
697:Lithophone
650:Percussion
495:Tenor horn
490:Mellophone
480:Flugelhorn
425:Nadaswaram
296:Ophicleide
256:Sousaphone
87:newspapers
4017:Subwoofer
3974:Slap bass
3959:Jazz bass
3924:Bass note
3917:Fuzz bass
3902:Bass clef
3845:Guitarrón
3840:Euphonium
3790:Bass drum
3610:Ensembles
3591:Water key
3576:Valve oil
3332:Post horn
3265:Euphonium
3244:Kuhlohorn
3205:Superbone
2941:excessive
2859:221060268
2816:221063884
2733:www.uv.es
2645:Vsl.co.at
2419:like the
2263:lacquered
2047:in 1818.
1691:baritones
1674:bombardon
1634:harmonics
1606:overtones
1598:, C, or B
1524:Josef Tal
1476:Concertos
1354:Sensemayá
1305:Lohengrin
1183:and two B
1140:euphonium
1136:woodwinds
1124:orchestra
1053:saxophone
960:orchestra
824:Virginals
799:Harmonium
777:Keyboards
764:Xylophone
748:Tubaphone
717:Mridangam
707:Marímbula
657:Bass drum
475:Euphonium
440:Saxophone
388:Woodwinds
266:Euphonium
220:Developed
199:aerophone
182:Aerophone
18:Bombardon
4012:Sub-bass
3979:Walkdown
3969:Ostinato
3929:Bassline
3890:notation
3855:Octobass
3586:Leadpipe
3475:Marching
3435:Vuvuzela
3210:Cimbasso
3179:Trombone
3118:Firebird
2899:: 61–65.
2880:: 27–29.
2546:18 April
2463:See also
2423:and the
2405:Hot Five
2330:model.
2327:leadpipe
2323:marching
2287:polished
2212:♭
2198:♭
2192:♭
2186:♭
2152:♭
2146:♭
2139:♭
2118:♭
2112:♭
2106:♭
2100:♭
2081:♭
2059:for the
2053:Graslitz
1945:Kraslice
1940:♭
1930:♭
1924:♭
1912:♭
1880:♭
1874:♭
1868:♭
1855:♭
1849:♭
1835:♭
1828:♭
1822:♭
1801:♭
1791:♭
1785:♭
1779:♭
1773:♭
1767:♭
1761:♭
1743:♭
1737:♭
1720:♭
1714:♭
1708:♭
1695:trumpets
1682:saxhorns
1625:♭
1619:♭
1610:partials
1601:♭
1595:♭
1585:♭
1579:♭
1186:♭
1180:♭
1111:cimbasso
1094:♭
1088:♭
1083:saxhorns
1010:Prussian
743:Triangle
732:Steelpan
692:Handbell
667:Carillon
612:Shamisen
602:Mandolin
500:Trombone
415:Clarinet
395:Bagpipes
306:Cimbasso
197:(Valved
3820:Bassoon
3688:Tubists
3651:Players
3425:Alphorn
3404:Bazooka
3394:Saxtuba
3384:Serpent
3367:Helicon
3362:Sackbut
3347:Buccina
3295:Cornett
3290:Clarion
3239:Fiscorn
3218:Saxhorn
3200:Soprano
3123:Flumpet
3103:Piccolo
3087:Trumpet
2935:Please
2927:use of
2851:3392572
2808:3394871
2339:helicon
2283:tarnish
2229:in the
2061:saxhorn
2049:Červený
2017:⁄
2003:⁄
1993:⁄
1975:⁄
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1057:serpent
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702:Marimba
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627:Ukulele
622:Tambura
587:Guzheng
566:Plucked
505:Trumpet
435:Piccolo
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291:Helicon
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