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426:. Forbes initially intended to raise her himself. However, Sara was later taken to meet Queen Victoria and she told her majesty about her horrible life, that for a couple of years she was kept in a small cage next to other unfortunate prisoners who she watched from time to time be taken out and slaughtered in rituals of the King of Dahomey. Her jailers often taunted her with the truth that she was being saved for ceremonial purposes too, and when it suited him, King Gezo intended to sacrifice her as a gift to his royal ancestors' tomb.
383:“Ek-onee-noo-ah-toh” or "watering of the graves." The people in the baskets were dressed in white garments, were to be slaughtered and their blood dripped on the graves of high ranking Dahomans. Some of the intended victims had been held in captivity for over two years for this tradition. They were being carried while their hands and feet were tied together. As the victims were dragged through the ranks, the Dahomans poked and jabbed them with knives and spears.
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a man with a sword hanging on the wall, her fear turned into panic. She yelled, "Cut head off!" as she quickly ran her hand down her narrow throat. "Cut head off!" Sara knew from her years in captivity that swords were meant for head cuts. It was necessary to reassure the trembling girl that the man brandishing the sword was not real and would not hurt her.
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411:. Forbes was aware of Aina's potential deadly fate in Dahomey, and as he wrote in his journal, refusing Aina "would have been to have signed her death-warrant, which probably would have been carried into execution forthwith." Captain Forbes accepted Aina on behalf of Queen Victoria and embarked on his journey back to Britain.
450:
founded in 1845 (at first named CMS Grammar School). In the school register, her name appears only as Sally
Bonetta, pupil number 24, June 1851, who married Captain Davies in England in 1862 and was the ward of Queen Victoria. She returned to England in 1855, when she was 12. She was entrusted to the
429:
Queen
Victoria was touched by her story and she requested that Sara have her photo taken after their visit, Sara was taken to the English-based studio of American photographer John J. Mayall. Sara was afraid of the photographer because she had no idea what he intended. When she noticed a portrait of
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He had never witnessed a ritual this vicious and violent. He was certain that this was the worst moment he had ever encountered in all the years fighting the slave trade. He then noticed the girl, Aina. She was so tiny, so still. As they carried her closer to the pit, the drums became more intense.
399:
background because of the tribal markings on her face and that she had not been sold to
European slave traders. Describing Aina in his journal, he wrote: "one of the captives of this dreadful slave-hunt was this interesting girl. It is usual to reserve the best born for the high behests of royalty
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had some profit but little power. Commander Forbes was frustrated and angry. The
Dahomian holiday ceremonies continued concurrently with Commander Forbes's continuous discussions with King Ghezo. Forbes started to count the number of soldiers under King Ghezo. He felt that the Dahomian monarch was
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Commander Forbes watched in horror as a man from the basket tipped over to a pit and the man viciously fell down. As he hit the ground, he was instantly attacked and his head cut off. Forbes tried but failed to make King Ghezo stop the ritual. Forbes then offered him money. The King eventually
394:
Forbes panicked and assured King Ghezo that Queen
Victoria wouldn't honor a king that would kill a child, so the king offered Aina to be a gift for Queen Victoria. Forbes estimated that Aina was enslaved by King Ghezo for two years. Although her actual ancestry is unknown, Forbes came to the
382:
Commander Forbes then heard a scream and then looked to a group of
Dahomans who were waving their guns and carrying people in little baskets. Forbes was informed by an interpreter that those he saw being taken in little baskets were going to be executed. The ceremony was called the
391:
Forbes was appalled. He found it hard to comprehend how a king could ritually murder a child. However, Gezo found it extremely easy to sacrifice the girl. It was explained that she was an Egbado, a
Dahoman enemy. Her blood on the King's ancestors' tombs would be a tribute to them.
346:
quotes King Ghezo telling the
British, "The slave trade has been the ruling principle of my people. It is the source of their glory and wealth. Their songs celebrate their victories and the mother lulls the child to sleep with notes of triumph over an enemy reduced to slavery."
1733:
The books state that she was the Acting
Principal of CMS Female Institution in 1870, the school was founded in 1869, the first principal was Mrs Annie Roper wife of Reverend Roper of CMS Mission Ijaiye, Mrs Forbes Davies was succeeded by Rev & Mrs Henry Townsend
359:
arrived to West Africa on a
British diplomatic mission, where he unsuccessfully attempted to negotiate with King Ghezo to end Dahomey's participation in the Atlantic slave trade. As was customary, Captain Forbes and King Ghezo exchanged gifts with each other.
534:, the grandson of Samuel Ajayi Crowther, had a daughter together: Sarah Abigail Idowu Macaulay Adadevoh, named after her maternal grandmother Sara and her paternal grandmother Abigail. A descendant of Sara's through her line was the Ebola heroine
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the Royal Navy had standing orders to evacuate in the event of an uprising in Lagos. Victoria Matilda Davies, Bonetta's first daughter, was named after Queen Victoria, who was also her godmother. She married the successful Lagos doctor
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allowed him to bargain for some of the victims. However, King Gezo's interpreters clarified that the custom of watering the ancestors' graves was an ancient one and could not be discontinued without dishonouring the Dahomey people.
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in the British middle class. In 1851, Sara developed a chronic cough, which was attributed to the climate of Great Britain. Her guardians sent her to school in Africa in May of that year, when she was aged eight. She attended the
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Forbes Bonetta’s life and story also form the basis of the novel, “The Other Princess : A Novel of Queen Victoria’s Goddaughter” by Denny S. Bryce, published by HarperCollins October 3, 2023.
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342:. After the British abolition of slavery, King Ghezo fought against British attempts to curtail Dahomey's exportation of slaves. Biographer and historian of Africa
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513:(1863), Arthur Davies (1871), and Stella Davies (1873). Sara Forbes Bonetta continued to enjoy such a close relationship with Queen Victoria that she and Bishop
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In 1848, Oke-Odan was invaded and captured by the army of Dahomey. Aina's parents died during the attack and other residents were either killed or sold into the
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498:, in August 1862, after a period spent in the town preparing for the wedding. During her subsequent time in Brighton, she lived at 17 Clifton Hill in the
319:, refused to pay annual tributes to Oyo. During Oyo's war with Dahomey, Oyo was weakened and destabilised by the Islamic jihads launched by the growing
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338:. Aina ended up in the court of King Ghezo of Dahomey as a young child slave. Dahomey was a major West African power that immensely profited from the
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Dahomey and the Dahomans; being the journals of two missions to the king of Dahomey, and residence at his capital, in the year 1849 and 1850
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businessman of considerable wealth, and after their wedding the couple moved back to their native Africa, where they had three children:
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Queen Victoria was impressed by the young princess's "exceptional intelligence", and had the girl, whom she called Sally, raised as her
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Picture World: Image, Aesthetics, and Victorian New Media, Rachel Teutolsky, Oxford University Press, 2020, p. 267
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835:"Bonetta [married name Davies], (Ina) Sarah Forbes [Sally] (C. 1843–1880), Queen Victoria's ward"
756:"Bonetta [married name Davies], (Ina) Sarah Forbes [Sally] (C. 1843–1880), Queen Victoria's ward"
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Island, a Portuguese island in the Atlantic Ocean. In her memory, her husband erected an over-eight-foot granite
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459:. The house survives. In January 1862, she was invited to and attended the wedding of Queen Victoria's daughter
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446:(CMS) in January 1849 as an institution for young women and girls who were relatives of the boys in the
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The making of Good Wives, Good Mothers, Leading Lights of Society. The Story of St Anne's School Ibadan
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into various small states. Dahomey's army began to expand eastwards into Oyo's former and defenseless
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commemorating Forbes Bonetta was placed on Palm Cottage in 2016, as part of the television series
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attempting to show his power and give the impression that his army was larger and more powerful.
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1537:"Plaque commemorating Sarah Forbes Bonetta who was under the protection of Queen Victoria - BBC"
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1490:"Sarah Forbes Bonetta (Sarah Davies) (1843-1880), Goddaughter of Queen Victoria:Image archive"
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1746:. Kamal Simpson talks to Clare Gittings about Sarah Forbes Bonetta, who was photographed by
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in Western Lagos, where he had started a cocoa farm. The inscription on the obelisk reads:
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Lithograph of Forbes Bonetta, after a drawing by Frederick E. Forbes, from his 1851 book
1468:"The Nineteenth Century: 1862 - Sarah Forbes Bonetta - The African Princess in Brighton"
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1408:"Some early Nigerian doctors and their contribution to modern medicine in West Africa"
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She was later commanded by the Queen to marry Captain James Pinson Labulo Davies at
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of Dahomey. She was given as a "gift" to Captain Frederick E. Forbes of the British
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546:; a separate branch, the Randle family of Lagos, remains prominent in contemporary
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989:"Black and Asian History and Victorian Britain / Sarah Forbes Bonetta and Family"
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WIFE OF THE HON J.P.L. DAVIES WHO DEPARTED THIS LIFE AT MADEIRA AUGUST 15TH 1880
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near the Anglican Holy Trinity Church, Rua Quebra Costas Funchal, Madeira.
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Captain Forbes renamed her Sara Forbes Bonetta, after himself and his ship
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offered Forbes a footstool, rich country cloth, a keg of rum, ten heads of
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526:, becoming the stepmother of his son, Nigerian businessman and socialite
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375:
1567:"Sarah Forbes Bonetta: Portrait of Queen Victoria's goddaughter on show"
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The New Encyclopaedia of Brighton: (based on the original by Tim Carder)
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At her majesty's request : an African princess in Victorian England
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made it clear that he would not stop the slave trade. He believed that
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Forbes Bonetta was portrayed by Zaris-Angel Hator in the 2017 British
809:
The Life of James Pinson Labulo Davies: A Colossus of Victorian Lagos
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and his wife Elizabeth, who lived at Palm Cottage, Canterbury Street
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Dahomey was notorious for mass executing its captives in spectacular
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238:
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was under subjugation by Oyo, and it was a historical enemy of the
1669:
At Her Majesty's Request: An African Princess in Victorian England
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Register of Burials, Church Archives, Holy Trinity Church, Funchal
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village in West Africa which recently became independent from the
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266:
234:
36:
964:
The Slave Trade: The Story of the Atlantic Slave Trade: 1440-1870
323:. The Oyo Empire began to disintegrate by the 1830s, fragmenting
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442:(AWMS) in Freetown, Sierra Leone. The school was founded by the
250:
1598:"New portrait of Queen Victoria's African goddaughter unveiled"
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Forbes Bonetta's life and story formed the basis for the novel
1355:
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1133:"Queen Victoria and the African Princess | MUSEYON BOOKS"
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in West Africa, who was orphaned during a war with the nearby
1693:. Y Books & Associated Bookmakers of Nigeria Ltd, 1989.
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and the immolation on the tombs of the deceased nobility…".
1223:. Lund Humphries, University of Michigan. pp. 62, 86.
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and Sara Forbes Bonetta, photographed in London in 1862 by
303:(present-day southwestern Nigeria) after its collapse. The
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A newly commissioned portrait of Forbes Bonetta by artist
1474:. Brighton and Hove Black History Project. Archived from
1336:(1st ed.). Brighton: Brighton & Hove Libraries.
1024:"Sarah Forbes Bonetta, Queen Victoria's African Protégée"
311:. Oyo and Dahomey began to engage in a war in 1823 after
229:; c. 1843 – 15 August 1880), was ward and goddaughter of
1629:"Victoria creator "challenging" perspectives of the era"
288:
Originally named Aina (or Ina), she was born in 1843 in
1719:
Sarah Forbes Bonetta: Queen Victoria's African Princess
1220:
Black Victorians: Black People in British Art 1800–1900
1093:"Princess Omoba Aina (Sarah Forbes Bonetta) of Nigeria"
1070:. Internet Archive. New York : Scholastic Press.
538:. Many of Sara's other descendants now live in either
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conclusion that Aina was likely to have come from a
331:territory, capturing Egbado slaves in the process.
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1169:. ABC-CLIO Biographical Companions. p. 307.
355:In July 1850, Captain Frederick E. Forbes of the
1193:A History of Modern Britain: 1714 to the Present
1272:"Queen Victoria adopted my great-great grandma"
530:. Bonetta's second daughter Stella Davies and
8:
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844:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
765:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
735:, the class that Forbes Bonetta married into
678:Sara Forbes Bonetta photographed in 1862 by
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1124:
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729:, the class that Forbes Bonetta belonged to
723:, the class that Forbes Bonetta belonged to
582:IN MEMORY OF PRINCESS SARAH FORBES BONETTA
709:Sarah Forbes Bonetta's gravestone, Madeira
47:
31:
1431:
811:. Kachifo Limited/Prestige. p. 138.
802:
800:
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1689:Kemi Morgan and Christine Bullock, eds,
1309:. Church Missionary Society. p. 6.
1166:Queen Victoria: A Biographical Companion
1158:
1156:
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1018:
1016:
1014:
937:"The Story of Africa| BBC World Service"
915:. New York: PublicAffairs. p. 193.
624:in October 2020 as part of an effort by
1707:. Phoenix Visions World Limited, 2020.
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1091:Kujawinski, Bethany (23 October 2020).
883:
879:
877:
841:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
762:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
745:
668:
628:to recognise black history in England.
1496:from the original on 30 September 2007
1313:from the original on 19 September 2023
1196:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 235.
606:Black and British: A Forgotten History
249:as a child, and was later enslaved by
85:15 August 1880 (aged 36–37)
1783:19th-century deaths from tuberculosis
1639:from the original on 26 February 2021
1492:. London: National Portrait Gallery.
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7:
898:Dahomey and Its Neighbors: 1708-1818
53:Sara Forbes Bonetta photographed by
1608:from the original on 7 October 2020
1577:from the original on 7 October 2020
1387:from the original on 19 August 2014
1377:"Bonetta, Sarah Forbes (1843–1880)"
1303:"Queen Victoria's African Protégée"
1813:English people of Nigerian descent
1798:Annie Walsh Memorial School alumni
1627:Gordon, Naomi (20 December 2017).
1547:from the original on 18 April 2022
1270:Jordan, Nicola (16 October 2016).
1237:from the original on 23 April 2022
233:. She was believed to have been a
25:
1752:National Portrait Gallery, London
1448:from the original on 21 June 2019
1307:Church Missionary Quarterly Token
562:on 15 August 1880 in the city of
1818:English people of Yoruba descent
1758:The Lost Child (BBC documentary)
1744:"In focus: Sarah Forbes Bonetta"
1375:Braimah, Ayodale (5 June 2014).
1282:from the original on 29 May 2018
1139:from the original on 4 June 2021
1034:from the original on 4 June 2021
702:
686:
671:
1863:Tuberculosis deaths in Portugal
1472:Brighton and Hove Black History
1217:Marsh, Jan (19 November 2009).
592:Her grave is number 206 in the
368:shells, and a caboceers stool.
153:
1596:Brown, Mark (6 October 2020).
961:Thomas, Hugh (16 April 2013).
1:
1868:Women in 19th-century warfare
900:. Cambridge University Press.
1843:People from colonial Nigeria
868:UK public library membership
789:UK public library membership
558:Sara Forbes Bonetta died of
257:and became a goddaughter of
1828:Kidnapped Nigerian children
1788:19th-century Nigerian women
1097:editions.covecollective.org
1064:Myers, Walter Dean (1999).
594:British Cemetery of Funchal
448:Sierra Leone Grammar School
440:Annie Walsh Memorial School
208:(great-great-granddaughter)
1894:
477:James Pinson Labulo Davies
263:James Pinson Labulo Davies
142:James Pinson Labulo Davies
1823:History of women in Lagos
1808:Burials in Madeira Island
1541:Google Arts & Culture
1424:10.1017/s0025727300019621
1406:Adeloye, Adelola (1974).
1321:– via Google Books.
1301:Higgen, Annie C. (1881).
1163:Rappaport, Helen (2003).
911:Meredith, Martin (2014).
896:Akinjogbin, I.A. (1967).
807:Elebute, Adeyemo (2013).
444:Church Missionary Society
409:Annual Customs of Dahomey
351:Captain Forbes at Dahomey
46:
1705:Heritage Schools Nigeria
1256:Black Presence website,
832:Anim-Addo, Joan (2015).
753:Anim-Addo, Joan (2015).
693:The English Cemetery in
647:Breaking the Maafa Chain
407:rituals as part of the
199:John Randle (physician)
1838:People from Ogun State
1190:Wasson, Ellis (2009).
993:Royal Collection Trust
967:. Simon and Schuster.
913:The Fortunes of Africa
850:10.1093/ref:odnb/75453
771:10.1093/ref:odnb/75453
590:
483:
285:
261:. She married Captain
1803:Black British history
1332:Collis, Rose (2010).
580:
515:Samuel Ajayi Crowther
505:Captain Davies was a
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467:Marriage and children
280:
217:, otherwise known as
129:Sarah Forbes Bonetta
27:West African princess
18:Bonetta Forbes Davies
1750:and featured in the
1717:John Van der Kiste,
1673:. Scholastic Press.
733:Nigerian bourgeoisie
727:Nigerian aristocracy
574:-shaped monument at
517:were the only Lagos
340:Atlantic slave trade
336:Atlantic slave trade
219:Sally Forbes Bonetta
131:Sally Forbes Bonetta
1833:Nigerian princesses
1793:19th-century slaves
1721:. A & F, 2018.
1703:Oyinkan Ade-Ajayi,
1258:Sara Forbes Bonetta
999:on 11 November 2020
721:Black British elite
616:went on display at
488:St Nicholas' Church
215:Sara Forbes Bonetta
101:Cause of death
41:Sara Forbes Bonetta
1573:. 7 October 2020.
1517:, pp. 111–119
635:television series
588:AGED 37 YEARS
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305:Kingdom of Dahomey
286:
247:Kingdom of Dahomey
1873:Yoruba princesses
1663:Walter Dean Myers
1343:978-0-9564664-0-2
1077:978-0-590-48669-9
974:978-1-4767-3745-4
866:(Subscription or
859:978-0-19-861412-8
787:(Subscription or
780:978-0-19-861412-8
566:, the capital of
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554:Death and legacy
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321:Sokoto Caliphate
269:philanthropist.
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654:, published by
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524:Dr. John Randle
511:Victoria Davies
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405:human sacrifice
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344:Martin Meredith
317:King of Dahomey
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171:Victoria Davies
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156: 1862)
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67:Aina (also Ina)
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1241:25 November
1102:10 December
614:Hannah Uzor
496:East Sussex
435:goddaughter
397:high status
1767:Categories
1754:. YouTube.
1713:1916032826
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1317:10 October
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870:required.)
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457:Gillingham
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362:King Ghezo
357:Royal Navy
325:Yorubaland
315:, the new
301:Oyo Empire
273:Early life
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174:(daughter)
121:, Portugal
95:, Portugal
75:Yorubaland
73:Oke Odan,
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1391:14 August
1381:BlackPast
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1003:9 October
697:, Madeira
658:in 2021.
519:indigènes
195:Relatives
1665:(1999).
1637:Archived
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164:Children
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