361:
35:
550:
754:. It is estimated that the species comprises 200–400 individuals in total, with a breeding population of approximately a hundred birds around Haha-jima and a further hundred birds on South Iwo Jima. In 2020, the breeding population in the Haha-jima Islands was 1/10 of that twenty-five years before. As a subspecies, the Ogasawara greenfinch is classed as Critically Endangered on the
562:
The main breeding season is from April to June. Clutch sizes, of 3–4 eggs, are smaller than those of the
Japanese greenfinch (3–6 eggs), though the eggs themselves are somewhat larger, weighing on average 1.99 grams (0.070 oz) as opposed to 1.8 grams (0.063 oz). Its diet largely comprises
575:; since the seeds of the latter are considerably larger than the grass seeds that comprise the majority of the diet of the Japanese greenfinch, it is thought that the larger beak of the Ogasawara greenfinch has evolved in response.
766:
656:, and Haha-jima. Outside the breeding season, it may be found on islands beyond its breeding grounds, and it forages also in more open spaces, including agricultural land and among the grasses in the settlements of
541:
observed that, compared with the
Oriental greenfinch, the Ogasawara greenfinch has less yellow, while its crown and nape are olive rather than grey or brown. The males have more vibrant colours.
517:, from which the species has been recently split, the wings are shorter and overall body size smaller, but the beak is longer. In particular, compared with the Japanese greenfinch (
712:)). As a restricted-range species, it is particularly vulnerable to extreme weather events such as typhoons and localized droughts, while the small population size threatens
881:[Japan's Endemic Birds to Increase by a Species!? — An Endangered Species that has Evolved Independently on Ocean Islands, the Ogasawara Greenfinch] (in Japanese).
1610:
1585:
1101:
513:
The
Ogasawara greenfinch has a total length of around 13–14 centimetres (5.1–5.5 in) and weighs some 17.5–19.5 grams (0.62–0.69 oz). Compared with the
1708:
1665:
887:
739:) are also linked to predation during periods of foraging on the ground, and management of these mammal species has been recommended, alongside
434:
261:
1453:
1713:
1532:
1501:
1437:
1416:
1385:
1186:
1076:
1039:
755:
600:
349:
769:. Extinctions amongst other local restricted-range endemics following human settlement in the nineteenth century include those of the
882:
668:
Reduced numbers of the then subspecies were already reported at the end of the 1920s. The
Ogasawara greenfinch is now extinct in the
256:) and some authorities consider it as such, but a 2020 analysis found it likely to represent a distinct species that diverged from
1693:
1703:
607:
shrubs with a height of less than 2 metres (6 ft 7 in), and it now breeds only on the small satellite islands around
1105:
460:
1215:
688:. In response, a Population and Habitat Viability Assessment (PHVA) has been conducted (Japan's fourth after those for the
617:
1296:
977:
Saitoh, Takema; Kawakami, Kazuto; Red'kin, Yaroslav A.; Nishiumi, Isao; Kim, Chang-Hoe; Kryukov, Alexey P. (May 2020).
1135:
Mémoires présentés à l'Académie impériale des
Sciences de St.-Pétersbourg par divers Savans et lus dans ses assemblées
380:
1554:
1245:
762:
786:
289:
34:
1495:
571:
554:
1384:[Paper Published Recommending Independent Species Status for the Ogasawara Greenfinch] (in Japanese).
1698:
807:
565:
369:
1410:
1633:
1220:[Do you know the Ogasawara Greenfinch?] (in Japanese). Tokyo Zoological Park Society. 18 June 2021
802:
530:
514:
415:
360:
249:
1180:
1126:
1033:
392:
376:
345:
139:
1075:[On the Verge of Extinction! Japan's Endemic Species, the Ogaswara Greenfinch] (in Japanese).
934:
740:
705:
689:
445:
563:
seeds, for which it forages both on the ground and in shrubs and trees. Among preferred species are
1070:
437:
399:
388:
1336:
983:
297:
165:
29:
634:
876:
612:
1449:
1379:
1341:"Ecological Adaptations of the Oriental Greenfinch Carduelis sinica on the Ogasawara Islands"
1142:
1010:
1002:
914:
858:
778:
758:
713:
623:
337:
1560:
1359:
992:
747:
725:
669:
657:
649:
549:
456:
384:
365:
685:
596:
522:
441:
313:
265:
264:
now recognizes it as such, making it the eleventh endemic species in Japan (alongside the
241:
1581:
1606:
1526:
849:
770:
677:
645:
584:
534:
305:
281:
1687:
1160:
840:
673:
592:
538:
403:
237:
229:
156:
1130:
844:
1656:
1164:
697:
329:
273:
221:
1239:
979:"Cryptic Speciation of the Oriental Greenfinch Chloris sinica on Oceanic Islands"
1286:
521:), the beak is "longer, deeper, and thicker". In males, the average wing, tail,
464:
459:(formerly known as the Parry Islands), on 14 June 1889 in the collection of the
352:, as of December 2021, the Ogaswara greenfinch is Japan's most endangered bird.
344:)). There are fewer than 400 individuals in the population and it is considered
106:
751:
653:
411:
321:
245:
116:
1146:
1006:
862:
639:
628:
453:
1131:"Uber die Vogel der Inselgruppe von Boninsima beobachtet zu Anfang May 1828"
728:
724:), and the rat's presence is thought to be linked to the local extinctions.
717:
604:
533:, the Ogasawara greenfinch is an olive-green, with patches of yellow on the
210:
86:
46:
1014:
1650:
681:
608:
588:
419:
387:
in a paper read on 28 April 1830, but he did not distinguish it from the
225:
185:
66:
1670:
1244:[Don't let the Ogasawara Greenfinch go Extinct!] (in Japanese).
569:(as an alien tree, this has recently been eradicated) and in particular
492:
for short. Among the Bonin islanders, it as also sometimes known as the
433:, and styled the Ogasawara greenfinch. The split was implemented in the
449:
375:
The presence of the greenfinch on the Bonin
Islands was first noted by
348:
by the
Japanese government, necessitating protection. According to the
1364:
1340:
997:
978:
716:. The Ogasawara greenfinch only breeds on islands where there are no
429:, a paper of 2020 recommended it again be raised to species rank, as
56:
1627:
1446:
Red Data Book 2014 — Threatened
Wildlife of Japan — Volume 2, Birds
548:
359:
233:
217:
96:
1476:[On the birds of the Ogasawara Islands and Iwo Islands].
767:
Act on
Conservation of Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora
1185:[A Pamphlet on the Ogasawara Greenfinch] (in Japanese).
526:
213:
76:
1631:
1531:[List of National Endangered Species] (in Japanese).
1038:[Pamphlet on the Ogasawara Greeninch] (in Japanese).
1102:"Bird type specimens: Passerines>Fringilla>kittlitzi"
935:"Chloris sinica kittlitzi (Ogasawara Greenfinch) - Avibase"
1448:] (in Japanese). Gyōsei Corporation. pp. 72 f.
1346:[Ecological Adaptations of the Oriental Greenfinch
529:
lengths are a little longer than in females. Like the
1640:
599:Islands. Its preferred habitat for breeding is the
463:. In its native Japan, the greenfinch goes by the
452:(BNHM 1898.11.1.60) collected on "Nakondo-Shima"
379:at the beginning of May 1828 and reported to the
1478:Bulletin of the Biogeographical Society of Japan
883:Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute
440:update of January 2021, in recognition of the "
1611:International Union for Conservation of Nature
1586:International Union for Conservation of Nature
1559:[Ogasawara Greenfinch] (in Japanese).
1415:[Ogasawara Greenfinch] (in Japanese).
498:
485:
472:
8:
1467:
1465:
1381:小笠原諸島のオガサワラカワラヒワを独立種とすることを提唱する研究成果を論文発表しました
1331:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1057:
878:日本固有の鳥が1種増える！？ ―海洋島で独自に進化を遂げた希少種オガサワラカワラヒワ―
1628:
1028:
1026:
1024:
20:
1363:
996:
972:
970:
968:
966:
964:
962:
960:
958:
956:
954:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1263:
398:. The Bonin Island greenfinch was first
1405:
1403:
915:"Species Updates – IOC World Bird List"
819:
1521:
1519:
1352:Japanese Journal of Ornithology 日本鳥学会誌
1210:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1096:
1094:
835:
833:
831:
829:
827:
825:
823:
260:about 1.06 million years ago, and the
1442:レッドデータブック2014 —日本の絶滅のおそれのある野生生物— 2 鳥類
909:
907:
262:International Ornithological Congress
7:
1709:Natural history of the Bonin Islands
1169:. London: R. H. Porter. p. 128.
791:Nycticorax caledonicus crassirostris
537:and tail-feathers, and a pink beak.
416:Oriental (or grey-capped) greenfinch
1386:Yamashina Institute for Ornithology
1187:Yamashina Institute for Ornithology
1077:Yamashina Institute for Ornithology
1040:Yamashina Institute for Ornithology
845:"On the Birds of the Bonin Islands"
350:Yamashina Institute for Ornithology
694:Prionailurus bengalensis euptilura
583:The Ogasawara greenfinch is a non-
14:
1472:Momiyama Tokutarō 籾山徳太郎 (1930).
750:programme, to reduce the risk of
558:seeds are a preferred food source
1166:The Birds of the Japanese Empire
33:
1500:[Birds] (in Japanese).
1350:on the Ogasawara Islands].
244:. It was formerly considered a
1:
1297:Tokyo Metropolitan Government
648:. Previously it bred also on
761:, and has been designated a
410:. Subsequently treated as a
381:Imperial Academy of Sciences
1714:Taxa named by Henry Seebohm
1533:Ministry of the Environment
1502:Ministry of the Environment
1438:Ministry of the Environment
1417:Ministry of the Environment
1354:(in English and Japanese).
763:National Endangered Species
756:Ministry of the Environment
236:, where it is found on the
1730:
1291:[Red Data Book Tokyo:
423:Carduelis sinica kittlitzi
174:Carduelis sinica kittlitzi
1182:「オガサワラカワラヒワ」のパンフレットができました
1035:「オガサワラカワラヒワ」のパンフレットができました
787:Bonin nankeen night heron
775:Carpodacus ferreorostris
499:
486:
473:
446:morphological differences
391:, recording it under the
290:Japanese green woodpecker
171:
164:
145:
138:
30:Scientific classification
28:
23:
1555:
1527:
1496:
1473:
1441:
1411:
1380:
1342:
1293:Chloris sinica kittlitzi
1287:
1240:
1216:
1181:
1071:
1034:
877:
572:Wikstroemia pseudoretusa
555:Wikstroemia pseudoretusa
427:Chloris sinica kittlitzi
270:Syrmaticus soemmerringii
178:Chloris sinica kittlitzi
1694:Birds described in 1890
1248:Japan. 15 December 2020
808:Ogasawara National Park
566:Casuarina equisetifolia
442:deep genetic divergence
1704:Endemic birds of Japan
1106:Natural History Museum
803:List of birds of Japan
559:
461:Natural History Museum
372:
250:grey-capped greenfinch
1295:] (in Japanese).
1072:絶滅寸前！日本の固有種オガサワラカワラヒワ
702:Hypotaenidia okinawae
603:, in particular arid
552:
364:Nakōdo Island in the
363:
346:critically endangered
318:Apalopteron familiare
278:Hypotaenidia okinawae
205:), also known as the
1474:小笠原諸島並びに硫黄列島産の鳥類について
706:Japanese wood pigeon
690:Tsushima leopard cat
519:Chloris sinica minor
468:Ogasawara-kawarahiwa
302:Dendrocopos noguchii
207:Ogasawara greenfinch
1343:小笠原諸島におけるカワラヒワの生態適応
1217:オガサワラカワラヒワを知っていますか？
939:avibase.bsc-eoc.org
674:Chichi-jima Islands
664:Conservation status
531:Oriental greenfinch
515:Oriental greenfinch
448:". There are three
408:Fringilla kittlitzi
389:European greenfinch
182:Fringilla kittlitzi
1607:"Bonin Woodpigeon"
1358:(2): 95–110, 136.
1241:オガサワラカワラヒワを絶滅させない！
1127:Kittlitz, F.H. von
984:Zoological Science
783:Columba versicolor
735:) and feral cats (
601:dry lowland forest
560:
373:
334:Larvivora komadori
298:Okinawa woodpecker
1681:
1680:
1642:Chloris kittlitzi
1634:Taxon identifiers
1561:Ogasawara Village
1535:. 24 January 2022
1455:978-4-324-09896-7
1365:10.3838/jjo.46.95
1189:. 2 December 2021
1079:. 2 December 2021
1042:. 2 December 2021
779:Bonin wood pigeon
733:Rattus norvegicus
714:genetic diversity
670:Muko-jima Islands
587:or resident bird
457:Muko-jima Islands
431:Chloris kittlitzi
396:Fringilla chloris
366:Muko-jima Islands
338:Japanese accentor
230:Ogasawara Islands
202:Chloris kittlitzi
193:
192:
149:Chloris kittlitzi
131:C. kittlitzi
24:Bonin greenfinch
1721:
1674:
1673:
1661:
1660:
1659:
1629:
1622:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1603:
1597:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1582:"Bonin Grosbeak"
1578:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1551:
1545:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1523:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1492:
1486:
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1469:
1460:
1459:
1434:
1428:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1407:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1376:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1348:Carduelis sinica
1337:Nakamura Hiroshi
1333:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1283:
1258:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1212:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1177:
1171:
1170:
1157:
1151:
1150:
1123:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1098:
1089:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1067:
1052:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1030:
1019:
1018:
1000:
998:10.2108/zs190111
974:
949:
948:
946:
945:
931:
925:
924:
922:
921:
911:
902:
901:
899:
897:
891:
873:
867:
866:
837:
748:captive breeding
710:Columba janthina
643:
632:
621:
504:
502:
501:
491:
489:
488:
478:
476:
475:
385:Saint Petersburg
326:Turdus celaenops
197:Bonin greenfinch
151:
38:
37:
21:
1729:
1728:
1724:
1723:
1722:
1720:
1719:
1718:
1684:
1683:
1682:
1677:
1669:
1664:
1655:
1654:
1649:
1636:
1626:
1625:
1615:
1613:
1605:
1604:
1600:
1590:
1588:
1580:
1579:
1575:
1565:
1563:
1557:
1553:
1552:
1548:
1538:
1536:
1529:
1525:
1524:
1517:
1507:
1505:
1504:. 27 March 2020
1498:
1494:
1493:
1489:
1480:(in Japanese).
1475:
1471:
1470:
1463:
1456:
1443:
1440:, ed. (2014).
1436:
1435:
1431:
1421:
1419:
1413:
1409:
1408:
1401:
1391:
1389:
1382:
1378:
1377:
1373:
1344:
1335:
1334:
1311:
1301:
1299:
1289:
1285:
1284:
1261:
1251:
1249:
1242:
1238:
1237:
1233:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1214:
1213:
1202:
1192:
1190:
1183:
1179:
1178:
1174:
1159:
1158:
1154:
1125:
1124:
1120:
1110:
1108:
1100:
1099:
1092:
1082:
1080:
1073:
1069:
1068:
1055:
1045:
1043:
1036:
1032:
1031:
1022:
976:
975:
952:
943:
941:
933:
932:
928:
919:
917:
913:
912:
905:
895:
893:
885:
879:
875:
874:
870:
839:
838:
821:
816:
799:
765:under the 1992
686:Volcano Islands
666:
637:
626:
615:
581:
547:
511:
496:
483:
470:
465:vernacular name
438:World Bird List
358:
342:Prunella rubida
314:Bonin white-eye
310:Garrulus lidthi
266:Copper pheasant
242:Volcano Islands
180:
176:
160:
153:
147:
134:
32:
17:
16:Species of bird
12:
11:
5:
1727:
1725:
1717:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1699:Chloris (bird)
1696:
1686:
1685:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1675:
1662:
1646:
1644:
1638:
1637:
1632:
1624:
1623:
1598:
1573:
1546:
1515:
1487:
1461:
1454:
1429:
1399:
1371:
1309:
1259:
1231:
1200:
1172:
1161:Seebohm, Henry
1152:
1118:
1090:
1053:
1020:
991:(3): 280–294.
950:
926:
903:
868:
857:(V): 95–108 .
841:Seebohm, Henry
818:
817:
815:
812:
811:
810:
805:
798:
795:
771:Bonin grosbeak
678:North Iwo Jima
665:
662:
646:South Iwo Jima
580:
577:
546:
543:
510:
507:
357:
354:
282:Amami woodcock
191:
190:
169:
168:
162:
161:
154:
143:
142:
136:
135:
128:
126:
122:
121:
114:
110:
109:
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100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
84:
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79:
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69:
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59:
54:
50:
49:
44:
40:
39:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1726:
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1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
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1672:
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1630:
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1608:
1602:
1599:
1587:
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1574:
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1534:
1530:
1522:
1520:
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1503:
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1479:
1468:
1466:
1462:
1457:
1451:
1447:
1439:
1433:
1430:
1418:
1414:
1406:
1404:
1400:
1387:
1383:
1375:
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1366:
1361:
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1345:
1338:
1332:
1330:
1328:
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1324:
1322:
1320:
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1314:
1310:
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1266:
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1247:
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1232:
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1211:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1201:
1188:
1184:
1176:
1173:
1168:
1167:
1162:
1156:
1153:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1122:
1119:
1107:
1103:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1078:
1074:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1054:
1041:
1037:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1021:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
999:
994:
990:
986:
985:
980:
973:
971:
969:
967:
965:
963:
961:
959:
957:
955:
951:
940:
936:
930:
927:
916:
910:
908:
904:
892:. 27 May 2020
889:
884:
880:
872:
869:
864:
860:
856:
852:
851:
846:
842:
836:
834:
832:
830:
828:
826:
824:
820:
813:
809:
806:
804:
801:
800:
796:
794:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
757:
753:
749:
745:
743:
738:
734:
730:
727:
723:
722:Rattus rattus
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
663:
661:
659:
655:
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535:secondaries
509:Description
306:Lidth's jay
107:Carduelinae
103:Subfamily:
1688:Categories
1657:Q105333929
1556:オガサワラカワラヒワ
1412:オガサワラカワラヒワ
1388:. May 2020
1288:オガサワラカワラヒワ
944:2021-01-23
920:2021-01-23
814:References
752:extinction
729:brown rats
718:black rats
635:Imōto-jima
474:オガサワラカワラヒワ
420:trinominal
412:subspecies
322:Izu thrush
246:subspecies
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863:0019-1019
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650:Muko-jima
613:Mukō-jima
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605:evergreen
585:migratory
400:described
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450:syntypes
393:binomial
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356:Taxonomy
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186:protonym
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