117:
22:
38:
181:
the command of the port commander's representative. Movement orders for the troops' equipment were sent in advance of the troop movement orders due to the longer time in shipment. The port's embarkation camps thus had facilities ranging from hospitals to firing ranges. The camps were under the direct command of the Port
Commander with responsibility to complete final training, equipping and other preparation of troops in coordination with troopship and convoy schedules. After the war ended in Europe special the ports implemented special steps in the staging areas to separate troops arriving for discharge and those being shipped to the Pacific so that the completely different type of processing required could be done efficiently.
260:
277:
30:
189:(WSA) agents. Troops embarked aboard all vessels except U.S. Naval transports remained under overall command of the port commander until disembarked overseas. That command was exercised by the Transport Commander whose responsibilities extended to all passengers and cargo but did not extend to operation of the ship which remained with the ship's master. On large troop ships the transport command included a permanent staff of administration, commissary, medical and chaplain personnel. The cargo security officers were representatives of the port commander aboard ships only transporting Army cargo.
172:
themselves as only the ports had full information regarding both capacities at the port for troops and supplies, ship loading and capacity and exact sailing information. The port commander controlled movements from points of origin to the port for both troops and supplies giving detailed instructions on preparation of troops before departure from points of origin as the port was required to finish both training and equipping before sailing. To prevent port congestion and conflict between the Army shipping and
198:
simultaneously reported its supply situation unsatisfactory with regard to maintenance and operation supply. In June-July 1942 a meeting between the commands involved resolved the problem by making the Boston Port of
Embarkation responsible for allocating shipping according to priorities of the Greenland Base Command and the Engineers transferred the activity from New Jersey to Boston. The supply situation was resolved by mid December 1942.
57:. During World War II it became an independent Port of Embarkation with the second greatest number of passengers embarked and third greatest tonnage of cargo embarked by east coast Ports of Embarkation. In passengers it was exceeded on the east coast only by New York and in cargo only by New York and the
171:
The days immediately after the Pearl Harbor attack congestion and backlogs at the ports had demonstrated the necessity for port control of incoming shipments of troops and cargo. The commanding officers of the ports of embarkation, port commanders, exercised control far beyond the bounds of the ports
96:
facilities. The New York POE was disestablished on 24 April 1920 and reestablished 6 May 1932. When war began in Europe in 1939 New York had already been reestablished as a POE with sub ports, including Boston, being established within three months of the entry of the United States into World War II.
180:
For troops, the originating location would receive movement orders about five days prior to transport with details of the destination and time of arrival. Those were often adjusted based on factors at the port, including ship schedules. While aboard trains destined for the port the troops were under
192:
A particular function of the fully evolved Port of
Embarkation was the regulation of traffic from point of origin to destination for efficiency and in order to prevent congestion at the port and promote the best use of scarce shipping. An early example at Boston was difficulty with development in
184:
The POE Command extended to the troops and cargo embarked on ships until they were disembarked overseas through "transport commanders" and "cargo security officers" appointed and under the command of the POE aboard all troop and cargo ships under Army control, either owned, bareboat chartered and
197:
was responsible for constructing bases. The Corps maintained a facility for assembly, storage and shipping those supplies and equipment in New Jersey. As a result ships arrived at Boston from New York so loaded with
Engineer material that nothing else could be shipped. The Greenland Base Command
153:
9,481,780 with 160 in
December 1941 then 600,612 in 1942, 1,959,969 in 1943, 3,953,680 in 1944 and 2,967,359 for 1945. Ammunition, excluding that for small arms, and high explosives shipped from the Boston Port of Embarkation totaled 457,626 short tons out of Boston and 435,573 out of Searsport.
152:
The passengers embarked at Boston Port of
Embarkation between December 1941 and December 1945 totaled 768,898 with none in 1941, 26,747 in 1942, 116,476 in 1943, 456,651 in 1944 and 169,024 in 1945. Cargo, in measurement tons of 40 cu ft (1.1 m), for the same period was a total of
176:
shipping, which was handled commercially, a port agency was established in Boston during
October 1941. That agency coordinated with the Traffic Control Division in the Office of the Chief of Transportation. Late in the war, to better coordinate usage of shipping by Army and Navy joint Army-Navy
267:
At the beginning of the war the existing Boston Army Base, completed
October 1918 and previously the Boston Quartermaster Terminal, was converted to function within a port of embarkation by removing the Quartermaster Depot functions that supported operations other than transshipment. The port
128:
and Army port operations, were transferred to the new
Transportation Corps. The Boston sub-port became an independent Port of Embarkation under the Transportation Corps in July 1942 using both Army owned and leased port facilities. Sub-ports of Boston were established at
272:
in Boston harbor. The location was less than ideal and resulted in limitations being placed on ammunition loading. The
Searsport sub-port, with a leased railway pier and focused on ammunition and explosives, was developed to relieve Castle Island.
1041:
355:
Comparable figures for other major ports are of the total 6,376,287 for all ports 2,628,919 returned through the New York POE, 684,270 at Hampton Roads POE and on the west coast 1,120,766 at San Francisco POE and 642,539 st
1046:
201:
One of the more unusual and difficult shipments from the port was one in which a small detachment along with arctic equipment, housing, fuel and weather and communications equipment shipped in support of each of the
284:
Camp Miles Standish was the port's main staging area with a capacity for 23,400 troops. Others included Camp Curtis Guild, Camp McKay, the Maynard Ammunition Storage Depot and other staging areas in Massachusetts.
815:. Volume 4. The Services: Quartermaster, Medical, Military Police, Signal Corps, Chemical Warfare, And Miscellaneous Organizations, 1919–41. Vol. 4. Fort Leavenworth, KS: Combat Studies Institute Press.
21:
116:
156:
As of 31 December 1944 the Boston Port of Embarkation employed 12,558 people of which 4,881 were military, 4,570 civilian and 3,107 other workers that included contractors,
1051:
1011:
37:
61:. Within three months after entry of the United States into World War II Boston was being established as a sub-port of New York. With establishment of the
372:
Danish motor ship built in 1938 seized by the U.S. in 1941. The ship was turned over to the Army for operation with Army crew. The ship was torpedoed in
276:
145:
in Canada. After incidents involving ship damage in over crowded New York harbor where all Atlantic convoys were being assembled for their escorts the
259:
124:
In a major reorganization of March 1942 the transportation responsibilities of the Quartermaster Corps, including the ocean shipping function of the
97:
The port commands were broadly given responsibility for specific theaters of the war with Boston focused on the North Atlantic and northern Europe.
93:
288:
To connect the installations within the area the ports used large numbers of small vessels. On 1 August 1945 the Boston POE had 125 such vessels.
62:
985:. Order of Battle of the United States Land Forces in the World War. Vol. 3 pt. 2. Washington, D.C.: Center of Military History, U.S. Army.
163:
Boston handled 10.7% of the returning troops during the period 1945-1946 with 74,185 arriving in December 1945 and 679,196 over the full period.
92:
Boston was a sub-port of the World War I era New York Port of Embarkation. After that war the ports had eventually been disestablished to become
53:
command responsible for the movement of troops and supplies from the United States to overseas commands. In World War I it was a sub-port of the
160:
and German prisoners of war. Its Searsport sub-port employed 850 people of which 186 were military, 128 civilian and 536 other workers.
29:
1026:
193:
Greenland in 1941, before U.S. entry into the war, and early 1942. No regular shipping company maintained a line to Greenland and the
856:
820:
334:
309:
58:
807:
373:
305:
269:
194:
54:
186:
80:, a component of the Boston POE, was the main staging area for troops. Other facilities under the command included
313:
268:
operated special Army piers and storage facilities for ammunition and explosives with berths for seven ships at
130:
979:
Zone of the Interior: Territorial Departments Tactical Divisions Organized in 1918 Posts, Camps, and Stations
1056:
321:
369:
125:
72:, preexisting the establishment of the POE, was a major component of the port. The cargo only sub-port at
69:
157:
146:
851:. Army Historical Series. Washington, DC: Center Of Military History, United States Army. p. 346.
934:. United States Army In World War II. Washington, DC: Center Of Military History, United States Army.
908:. United States Army In World War II. Washington, DC: Center Of Military History, United States Army.
786:. United States Army In World War II. Washington, DC: Center Of Military History, United States Army.
134:
113:
were supported by the Boston port but the heaviest cargo tonnage were shipments to northern Europe.
77:
25:
Red Cross workers waving to troops aboard an Army transport leaving the Boston Port of Embarkation.
778:
1005:
346:
For the same reason slow shipping destined for North Africa was shifted to the Hampton Roads POE.
50:
977:
41:
Army ports: Passengers and tons of cargo embarked during the period December 1941 – August 1945.
1027:
The Italian Service Units of World War II in Boston (U.S. National Archives "Pieces of History)
931:
The Technical Services—The Transportation Corps: Responsibilities, Organization, And Operations
986:
955:
935:
909:
862:
852:
826:
816:
787:
81:
882:
889:(Summer 1993). Washington, D.C.: United States. National Archives and Records Administration
846:
317:
211:
149:
authorized Army transports from Boston to assemble at Halifax to join the Atlantic convoy.
73:
929:
903:
231:
221:
133:(brief operation early in the war), Searsport (ammunition and explosives), Maine and at
1035:
245:
237:
227:
207:
65:
in March 1942 the Boston sub-port became the independent Boston Port of Embarkation.
887:
Transfers from the National Archives, Washington, D.C. Area — News from the Archives
120:
Liberty and Troop Ships at Boston Port of Embarkation, Boston Piers in East Boston.
98:
251:
but due to local conditions smaller vessels had to be used for the final portion.
905:
The Technical Services—The Transportation Corps: Movements, Training, And Supply
138:
963:. War Department Field Manual. Washington, DC: United States Department of War
241:
173:
304:
During the period the New York sub-port at Charleston became the independent
244:
for description of establishing the site.). The initial transport was aboard
747:
106:
76:
was a sub-port of the Boston POE specializing in ammunition and explosives.
177:
Shipping Information Agencies (ANSIA) were established with one at Boston.
976:
World War I Group, Historical Division, Special Staff, U.S. Army (1931).
217:
142:
102:
1042:
Military units and formations of the United States Army in World War II
110:
280:
Troops leaving Camp Myles Standish for the Boston Port of Embarkation.
263:
Reactivated World War I Army installation, Boston Port of Embarkation.
780:
The Technical Services—The Transportation Corps: Operations Overseas
830:
275:
258:
115:
36:
28:
20:
990:
939:
913:
866:
791:
1047:
Transportation units and formations of the United States Army
881:
National Archives and Records Administration (Summer 1993).
33:
The Port of Embarkation in the Overseas Supply System: 1942.
431:
429:
699:
316:. Sub-ports of San Francisco were being established at
84:, Camp McKay and the Maynard Ammunition Storage Depot.
206:
weather stations. Those stations were to support the
748:National Archives and Records Administration 1993
957:FM55-10 Water Transportation: Oceangoing Vessels
675:
663:
651:
639:
627:
615:
603:
8:
1010:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
376:with the loss of 46 of the 77 people aboard.
848:The Sinews of War: Army Logistics 1775–1953
312:sub-port at Seattle became the independent
777:Bykofsky, Joseph; Larson, Harold (1990).
1052:Military installations in Massachusetts
759:
723:
711:
687:
591:
579:
567:
555:
543:
531:
519:
507:
495:
483:
471:
459:
447:
435:
408:
389:
297:
63:United States Army Transportation Corps
1003:
735:
420:
185:operated or charter with operation by
7:
809:U. S. Army Order Of Battle 1919–1941
396:
337:was also established at that time.
14:
335:Hampton Roads Port of Embarkation
310:San Francisco Port of Embarkation
59:Hampton Roads Port of Embarkation
210:to Britain and were designated
306:Charleston Port of Embarkation
1:
714:, p. 381, Table 32, 382.
94:U.S. Army Quartermaster Corps
582:, pp. 105–109, 112–113.
195:U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
55:New York Port of Embarkation
700:World War I Order of Battle
314:Seattle Port of Embarkation
236:off the northeast coast of
187:War Shipping Administration
1073:
676:Bykofsky & Larson 1990
664:Bykofsky & Larson 1990
411:, pp. 46, 96–97, 100.
47:Boston Port of Embarkation
16:United States Army command
928:Wardlow, Chester (1999).
902:Wardlow, Chester (1956).
845:Huston, James A. (1966).
806:Clay, Steven E. (2011).
522:, p. 390, Table 33.
510:, p. 332, Table 27.
131:Providence, Rhode Island
954:War Department (1944).
546:, p. 207, Chart 7.
534:, p. 110, Table 2.
498:, p. 100, Table 9.
322:Los Angeles, California
208:Crimson air ferry route
281:
264:
126:Army Transport Service
121:
42:
34:
26:
279:
262:
158:Italian Service Units
147:Joint Chiefs of Staff
119:
40:
32:
24:
726:, pp. 380, 382.
690:, pp. 100, 107.
226:at the upper end of
218:Fort Chimo, Labrador
135:Halifax, Nova Scotia
883:"National Archives"
652:War Department 1944
640:War Department 1944
628:War Department 1944
616:War Department 1944
604:War Department 1944
570:, pp. 111–112.
558:, pp. 105–109.
486:, pp. 216–217.
78:Camp Myles Standish
282:
265:
122:
51:United States Army
43:
35:
27:
678:, pp. 10–11.
666:, pp. 15–16.
654:, pp. 23–24.
642:, pp. 20–22.
630:, pp. 17–19.
606:, pp. 17–24.
368:was a 1,654
82:Camp Curtis Guild
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318:Portland, Oregon
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74:Searsport, Maine
70:Boston Army Base
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399:, p. 2126.
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1057:Military ports
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762:, p. 250.
752:
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738:, p. 508.
728:
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702:, p. 692.
692:
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594:, p. 189.
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450:, p. 331.
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49:(BPOE) was a
48:
39:
31:
23:
19:
996:13 September
994:. Retrieved
978:
965:. Retrieved
956:
943:. Retrieved
930:
917:. Retrieved
904:
893:12 September
891:. Retrieved
886:
872:12 September
870:. Retrieved
847:
836:12 September
834:. Retrieved
808:
797:13 September
795:. Retrieved
779:
770:Bibliography
760:Wardlow 1999
755:
743:
731:
724:Wardlow 1956
719:
712:Wardlow 1956
707:
695:
688:Wardlow 1999
683:
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592:Wardlow 1956
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568:Wardlow 1956
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556:Wardlow 1956
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544:Wardlow 1956
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532:Wardlow 1999
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520:Wardlow 1956
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508:Wardlow 1956
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496:Wardlow 1956
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484:Wardlow 1999
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472:Wardlow 1999
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99:Newfoundland
91:
67:
46:
44:
18:
736:Huston 1966
421:Huston 1966
233:Crystal III
139:Quebec City
1036:Categories
831:2010022326
384:References
255:Facilities
246:USAT
242:Paallavvik
223:Crystal II
174:Lend Lease
1006:cite book
967:24 August
945:24 August
919:24 August
397:Clay 2011
374:June 1942
292:Footnotes
213:Crystal I
167:Functions
107:Greenland
991:31027280
940:99490905
914:55060003
867:66060015
792:56060000
366:Sicilien
356:Seattle.
308:and the
248:Sicilien
143:Montreal
103:Labrador
204:CRYSTAL
111:Iceland
88:History
989:
938:
912:
865:
855:
829:
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109:, and
983:(PDF)
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863:LCCN
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