409:(NAFTA) has reduced barriers and tariffs, facilitating cross-border trade. Each day 2008, $ 2 billion of cross-border trade was conducted between Canada and the United States alone. Consumers take part in cross-border trading to broaden their product selection, gain access to a larger market place, or take advantage of currency volatility. Online commerce has taken on a more prominent role in recent years and gives consumers a convenient platform for cross-border shopping. However, additional border costs such as
25:
122:
152:, in general, refers to the flow of goods and services across the border between different jurisdictions. In this sense, border trade is a part of the normal trade that flows through the ordinary export/import legal and logistical frameworks of nations and smaller jurisdictions. However border trade specifically refers to the
417:
and shipping are not always disclosed up front or even known to the retailer, leading to a situation where the final cost of an item can greatly exceed expectations. Dedicated cross-border shopping solutions such as Canada Post's
Borderfree program existed to mitigate these problems with varied
380:
Residents of
Switzerland and Liechtenstein who are non-EU residents can purchase many items in nearby Germany from anything from two to seven times the price they would pay for the same products in their own countries. Austria is also somewhat cheaper than Switzerland. Residents of Switzerland
252:. For instance, the excise tax on alcohol is lower in Estonia than in Finland and much lower than in Sweden, thus it is common to buy large volumes of alcohol when returning from Estonia: there are shops in the Tallinn harbour that cater specifically to tourists. In Finland, the best-selling
446:
Although not crossing a national boundary, residents of one state may often travel across a state line in order to shop for a variety of goods. In some cases, a larger city or metro area in one state may draw a population in from another state or people may travel outside of city limits to
368:
province, where citizens occasionally take trips to
Germany and Belgium to buy commodities like: medicinal products, handcrafted furniture, fresh produce, alcoholic beverages or home appliances for lower prices due to the VAT. This is very easy as there are no border controls due to the
156:
in trade in areas where crossing borders is relatively easy and where products are significantly less expensive on one side of the border than the other – often because of significant variations in taxation levels on goods. Common items involved in border trade include
447:
surrounding areas with lower taxes. In other cases, residents may cross boundaries to take advantage of more friendly legislation regarding restricted products, such as alcohol, tobacco, fireworks, firearms, gambling, etc. For example, a New York City resident may engage in
552:, to take advantage of price differences and differing product availability. The Singaporean government has a law that requires a car leaving Singapore to have the fuel tank filled by at least 75 percent, to prevent it from being filled with fuel from outside Singapore.
495:
border towns, it is common for
Chilean residents to go to make purchases in the stores of their neighboring countries, as well as to purchase medical exams and other health services at a lower cost. Notable cases are the commercial relationship between
425:
from Canada and Mexico into the United States can provide a large cost savings for the patient, and is sometimes even facilitated by insurance companies, and the quality of medicine in Canada is comparable to that in the United States
438:, were particularly hard hit. Specific business categories, such as parcel shops, tourism, fuel and dairy incurred severe losses in many border communities; both US–Canada and US–Mexico trade incurred multi-billion dollar impacts.
451:
by purchasing products in a nearby state with lower taxes and re-selling them illegally in New York. Furthermore, states which have legalized recreational marijuana may experience a high-amount of out-of-state customers.
433:
that began in 2020, the US–Canada and US–Mexico borders were closed to non-essential traffic, leaving merchants who normally catered to cross-border shoppers stranded with no access to their customers. Exclaves such as
256:
shop in proportion to local population is on the border to Norway, since even if the alcohol tax is high in
Finland, it is lower than the one in Norway (and was lowered in order to decrease border trade with Estonia).
873:
791:
1067:
980:
695:
859:
330:, these products are a third cheaper than in France. During summer, around 70,000 visitors cross the Spanish border daily to buy such products, occasioning severe traffic jams. Nearby
299:, four hours away from the border, shopped for groceries in Northern Ireland. Petrol is cheaper in the Republic, and groceries, furniture and clothing are cheaper in Northern Ireland.
484:
throughout the entire
Colombian-Venezuelan border space, in addition to some restrictions that have been imposed, such as the closure of the Venezuelan border with Colombia by
777:
763:
322:, perhaps surprisingly, is a common purchase. Similarly, there is an important number of French purchasers buying tobacco and alcohol in Spanish border towns such as
184:
can be worthwhile for an international trip for the same purpose, although baggage restrictions can limit the effective savings to those for small high-value goods.
877:
385:
countries making cross border shopping even more attractive, particularly in
Germany where there is no minimum-purchase requirement for claiming the tax back.
1006:
295:—with lines of traffic four miles long—that the phenomenon became known as the "Newry effect". One in four households in the Republic in counties as far as
731:
805:
1094:
830:
670:
465:
951:
699:
472:
that began in 2013 and worsened in 2017, thousands of
Venezuelan residents began to travel to Colombian border towns to mostly purchase basic
422:
318:
is a trip made specifically, or at least largely, to purchase cheaper alcohol and tobacco, and also goods offering different rates of VAT:
406:
713:
651:
108:
1119:
138:
374:
346:
46:
1068:"Sorprende en Mendoza la cantidad de turistas chilenos que llegaron para Semana Santa: qué productos y servicios buscan más"
461:
89:
575:
188:
42:
61:
905:
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521:
509:
68:
891:
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https://www.borndigital.com/2012/03/02/canada-post-sells-off-cross-border-e-commerce-platform-borderfree-2012-03-02
35:
435:
735:
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consisted primarily of
Colombian residents traveling to Venezuelan border towns to purchase fuel derived from
75:
448:
280:
130:
508:. Likewise, despite the ruggedness of the relief when having to cross the Andes mountain range along the
505:
57:
874:"Food crisis feared on Washington peninsula isolated by border as only grocery teeters on closure - OPB"
365:
512:, there is a high flow of trans-Andean buyers, being a notable case that of Chileans near the city of
1036:"AluviĂłn de chilenos en Mendoza: Repletan supermercados y hacen "explotar" el mercado del dĂłlar blue"
928:
610:
981:"Se cumplen siete años del cierre de frontera entre Colombia y Venezuela, asà avanza la reapertura"
469:
276:
192:
749:
625:
513:
370:
778:"EINKAUFSTOURISMUS: Einkäufe im Netz und ennet der Grenze setzen Ostschweizer Gewerbe weiter zu"
418:
success. In the end, caution is necessary to determine the final cost of goods before purchase.
580:
485:
430:
319:
170:
923:
334:, with a low VAT (4%), is also extremely popular with French customers residing in the area.
1163:
906:"You've got mail, overflowing U.S. post office near Canadian border tells Ontario customers"
272:
181:
717:
82:
1168:
1007:"Tacna se encarece para los chilenos y el comercio en riesgo por depreciaciĂłn del peso"
585:
559:
473:
303:
158:
1157:
956:
924:"Miles de venezolanos cruzan la frontera con Colombia para comprar productos básicos"
402:
373:. It is fully legal to buy products for their own need over the border in the EU, if
296:
288:
517:
477:
315:
1040:
537:
342:
249:
126:
24:
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860:"Point Roberts' fire chief warns of 'humanitarian crisis' amid border closure"
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174:
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usually qualify for a tax refund on purchases made in all of the surrounding
1147:
590:
563:
549:
533:
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414:
338:
261:
121:
846:"US border closure has caused big losses on one side, gains on the other"
696:"Einkaufstourismus ist im Schweizer Detailhandel eine feste Grösse | NZZ"
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and other items that were cheaper to obtain there. However, due to the
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Between U.S. states and across city and county boundaries within states
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331:
311:
245:
241:
237:
229:
221:
209:
162:
1095:""Tour de compras": viajan de Punta Arenas a supermercados argentinos"
180:
As well as border trade across land or sea borders, air travel with a
410:
398:
394:
358:
307:
265:
233:
225:
217:
213:
142:
652:"Shop frontiers: the rise of cross-border buying around the world"
545:
516:. More to south, a similar situation occurs between the cities of
501:
497:
492:
327:
292:
134:
611:"Third of Estonia's Alcohol Sales Attributed to Finnish Tourists"
1045:
284:
253:
18:
806:"New Cross-Border Cooperation Will Strengthen Cargo Security"
952:"AsĂ es el contrabando que desangra a Venezuela y Colombia"
764:"Ă„rger mit Einkaufstouristen: Ein politischer Dauerbrenner"
382:
377:
is paid when purchasing, except from some low-VAT areas.
268:, as buying food is cheaper in Poland than in Lithuania.
714:"Thurgau macht Druck gegen den Einkaufstourismus | NZZ"
177:, automotive fuel, groceries, furniture and clothing.
671:"Marijuana For Tourists, Discord for the Netherlands"
476:. This has also brought with it the appearance of a
892:"What border closure means for Ogdensburg business"
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
985:Semana.com Ăšltimas Noticias de Colombia y el Mundo
626:"A Northern Ireland Town Is a Shoppers' Paradise"
393:Cross-border shopping between three countries in
337:There is a significant amount of border trade in
208:Typical examples of this are the borders between
145:, where gasoline is significantly more expensive.
1150:- Global Border Shopping information search site
840:
838:
732:"Keine Mauer wider den Einkaufstourismus | NZZ"
364:A more legal example of the Netherlands is the
792:"HSG Startseite | Universität St.Gallen"
8:
137:, caters to border shoppers from across the
562:with the special administrative region of
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
16:Purchasing goods across country's borders
120:
829:Canada Post sold "Borderfree" in 2012:
602:
960:. Elcolombiano.com. 10 September 2015
750:"Einkaufstourismus: Keine Entwarnung"
423:consumer import of prescription drugs
7:
349:, and surrounding countries such as
291:, so many from the Republic visited
47:adding citations to reliable sources
566:, also benefits from border trade.
407:North American Free Trade Agreement
347:where cannabis is essentially legal
1034:Molina J., Tomás (13 April 2023).
14:
669:Rodriguez, Cecilia (2013-09-13).
460:Historically, trade between the
23:
1066:Pablo, Mannino (7 April 2023).
1005:Lu Torres, Ani (19 July 2022).
187:Where border trade is done for
34:needs additional citations for
271:Border trading exists between
260:Border trading exists between
1:
576:Tax avoidance and tax evasion
624:Quinn, Eamon (2008-12-18).
462:Colombian-Venezuelan border
1185:
510:Argentinean-Chilean border
1120:"Three Quarter Tank Rule"
436:Point Roberts, Washington
506:Chilean-Peruvian border
449:illicit cigarette trade
281:Global Financial Crisis
195:of both jurisdictions.
191:, it forms part of the
146:
979:Semana (2022-08-19).
405:has been robust. The
124:
1148:Duty Free on Arrival
43:improve this article
780:. 23 November 2017.
558:, on the border of
470:crisis in Venezuela
277:Republic of Ireland
193:underground economy
766:. 6 December 2017.
752:. 22 January 2018.
630:The New York Times
371:Schengen Agreement
171:recreational drugs
147:
1124:Singapore Customs
581:Border checkpoint
431:COVID-19 pandemic
320:laundry detergent
287:rose against the
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894:. 19 March 2020.
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876:. Archived from
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808:. Archived from
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698:. Archived from
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659:
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642:
641:
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637:
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613:. 22 April 2014.
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488:in August 2015.
273:Northern Ireland
182:low-cost carrier
131:Estcourt Station
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51:
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862:. 22 June 2021.
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848:. 13 July 2021.
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536:also travel to
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474:necessity goods
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1142:External links
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1099:www.24horas.cl
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1058:
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932:. 10 July 2016
929:BBC News Mundo
915:
897:
883:
880:on 2021-06-24.
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738:on 2017-09-20.
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720:on 2018-05-02.
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702:on 2018-01-09.
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658:. 2 July 2015.
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632:. pp. A14
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586:Border control
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560:mainland China
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486:Nicolás Maduro
466:Venezuelan oil
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304:United Kingdom
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58:"Border trade"
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99:December 2009
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60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
1127:. Retrieved
1123:
1114:
1103:. Retrieved
1101:(in Spanish)
1098:
1089:
1077:. Retrieved
1071:
1061:
1049:. Retrieved
1039:
1029:
1017:. Retrieved
1015:. Gestion.pe
1010:
1000:
989:. Retrieved
987:(in Spanish)
984:
974:
962:. Retrieved
955:
946:
934:. Retrieved
927:
918:
909:
900:
886:
878:the original
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854:
825:
814:. Retrieved
810:the original
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744:
736:the original
726:
718:the original
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700:the original
690:
678:. Retrieved
674:
664:
656:The Guardian
655:
646:
634:. Retrieved
629:
619:
605:
554:
534:Singaporeans
531:
522:RĂo Gallegos
518:Punta Arenas
490:
478:black market
459:
445:
428:
420:
392:
379:
363:
341:between the
336:
316:booze cruise
302:Between the
301:
270:
259:
240:and between
207:
186:
179:
153:
150:Border trade
149:
148:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1041:El Mercurio
680:28 December
538:Johor Bahru
429:During the
343:Netherlands
283:, when the
250:Switzerland
189:tax evasion
175:automobiles
127:gas station
1158:Categories
1105:2023-04-26
991:2023-04-26
816:2010-03-12
597:References
401:, and the
324:Le Perthus
216:, between
167:medication
69:newspapers
1073:La NaciĂłn
591:Arbitrage
564:Hong Kong
550:Indonesia
504:, on the
482:smuggling
415:brokerage
339:marijuana
262:Lithuania
199:By region
1079:25 April
1051:25 April
1019:25 April
964:25 April
936:25 April
910:CBC News
570:See also
556:Shenzhen
542:Malaysia
275:and the
154:increase
1164:Borders
1012:GestiĂłn
514:Mendoza
493:Chilean
491:In the
366:Limburg
355:Germany
351:Belgium
332:Andorra
312:Belgium
246:Germany
242:Denmark
238:Estonia
230:Finland
222:Denmark
210:Ukraine
163:tobacco
159:alcohol
83:scholar
1129:2 June
675:Forbes
411:duties
399:Mexico
395:Canada
359:France
357:, and
314:, the
308:France
297:Galway
266:Poland
234:Russia
226:Sweden
218:Norway
214:Russia
204:Europe
143:Canada
139:border
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
1169:Trade
636:5 May
546:Batam
532:Many
502:Tacna
498:Arica
328:Spain
326:. In
293:Newry
141:with
135:Maine
90:JSTOR
76:books
1131:2021
1081:2023
1053:2023
1046:Emol
1021:2023
966:2023
938:2023
682:2015
638:2015
528:Asia
520:and
500:and
480:and
421:The
306:and
285:Euro
264:and
254:Alko
244:and
220:and
212:and
62:news
548:in
544:or
540:in
375:VAT
129:in
45:by
1160::
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