771:
140:
1008:). However, given the limited effectiveness of repellents, protecting oneself against biting flies requires taking additional measures, such as avoiding areas inhabited by the flies, avoiding peak biting times, and wearing heavy-duty, light-colored clothing, including long-sleeve shirts, long pants and hats. When black flies are numerous and unavoidable, netting that covers the head, like the “bee bonnets” used by beekeepers, can provide protection.
476:
607:
120:
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875:
In parts of
Scotland, various species of black flies are a nuisance and bite humans, mainly between May and September. They are found mainly in mixed birch and juniper woodlands, and at lower levels in pine forests, moorlands, and pastures. Bites are most often found on the head, neck, and back. They
761:
spp. create highly acidic conditions within their midguts. This acidic environment provides conditions ideally suited to bacteria that metabolise cellulose. Insects cannot metabolise cellulose independently, but the presence of these bacteria allows cellulose to be metabolised into basic sugars. This
710:
attach themselves to rocks. Breeding success is highly sensitive to water pollution. The larvae use tiny hooks at the ends of their abdomens to hold on to the substrate, using silk holdfasts and threads to move or hold their place. They have foldable fans surrounding their mouths, also termed "mouth
972:
and localized swelling and inflammation sometimes result from a bite. Swelling can be quite pronounced depending on the species and the individual's immune response, and irritation may persist for weeks. Intense feeding can cause "black fly fever", with headache, nausea, fever, swollen lymph nodes,
966:, which also partially numbs the site of the bite, reducing the host's awareness of being bitten and thereby extending the flies' feeding time. Biting flies feed during daylight hours only and tend to zero in on areas of thinner skin, such as the nape of the neck or ears and ankles.
947:) was a notorious pest in central Europe. Even non-biting clouds of black flies, whether composed of males or of species that do not feed on humans or do not require a blood meal before egg laying, can form a nuisance by swarming into orifices.
762:
provides nutrition to the black fly larvae, as well as the bacteria. This symbiotic relationship indicates a specific adaptation, as fresh-flowing streams could not provide sufficient nutrition to the growing larva in any other way.
715:
habitats to bring food to them. They will pupate under water and then emerge in a bubble of air as flying adults. They are often preyed upon by trout during emergence. The larva of some South
African species are known to be
735:
and feed on blood before laying eggs. Some species in Africa can range as far as 40 mi (64 km) from aquatic breeding sites in search of their blood meals, while other species have more limited ranges.
1291:
711:
brushes".The fans expand when feeding, catching passing debris (small organic particles, algae, and bacteria). The larva scrapes the fan's catch into its mouth every few seconds. Black flies depend on
739:
Different species prefer different host sources for their blood meals, which is sometimes reflected in the common name for the species. They feed in the daytime, preferably when wind speeds are low.
939:
Mature adults can disperse tens or hundreds of miles from their breeding grounds in fresh flowing water, under their own power and assisted by prevailing winds, complicating control efforts.
836:
operates the largest single black fly control program in North
America. The program is seen as beneficial to both the quality of life for residents and to the state's tourism industry.
750:, depending on the species. The number of generations a particular pest species has each year tends to correlate with the intensity of human efforts to control those pests.
3979:
1299:
4018:
1224:
1240:
569:. They are a common nuisance for humans, and many U.S. states have programs to suppress the black fly population. They spread several diseases, including
4100:
1782:
3953:
3992:
943:
behavior can make outdoor activities unpleasant or intolerable, and can affect livestock production. During the 18th century, the "Golubatz fly" (
851:, Dorset, due to its large numbers and the painful lesions caused by its bite. It was eventually controlled by carefully targeted applications of
1452:
1424:
4110:
4105:
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are most effective. Some beauty products have been found effective, and their use as insect repellents have been approved by EPA (e.g.,
853:
1719:
1705:
1644:
1598:
1552:
1090:
857:. In 2010, a summer surge of insect bites blamed on the Blandford fly required many who had been bitten to be treated in a hospital.
811:, black fly populations swell from late April to July, becoming a nuisance to humans engaging in common outdoor activities, such as
690:
1159:
4067:
981:
536:. Over 2,200 species of black flies have been formally named, of which 15 are extinct. They are divided into two subfamilies:
1775:
1630:
1566:
628:
3997:
1141:
World blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae): a comprehensive revision of the taxonomic and geographical inventory [2017]
4005:
1336:"Distribution pattern of black fly (Diptera: Simuliidae) assemblages along an altitudinal gradient in Peninsular Malaysia"
951:
950:
Bites are shallow and accomplished by first stretching the skin using teeth on the labrum and then abrading it with the
671:
216:
1517:
480:
3862:
3839:
1052:
by which the disease is spread. The parasite lives on human skin and is transmitted to the black fly during feeding.
955:
808:
643:
770:
139:
3932:
862:
624:
617:
4023:
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31:
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868:
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1468:
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657:
3779:
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1680:
Unterschiede in
Habitatselektion und Eibiologie bei sympatrischen KriebelmĂĽckenarten (Diptera, Simuliidae)
4054:
1521:
1314:"1. Sandflies: New Zealand's blackflies - Sandflies and mosquitoes - Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand"
1265:
1049:
754:
1662:
Dormanzformen bei
KriebelmĂĽcken unter besonderer BerĂĽcksichtigung des Ei-Stadiums (Diptera: Simuliidae)
397:
3867:
639:
4072:
4033:
3901:
3826:
1749:
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Repellents provide some protection against biting flies. Products containing the active ingredient
830:
Black flies are a scourge to livestock in Canada, causing weight loss in cattle and sometimes death.
4095:
1386:
1024:
880:
3612:
446:
362:
348:
264:
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2004:
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1334:
Ya'cob, Zubaidah; Takaoka, Hiroyuki; Pramual, Pairot; Low, Van Lun; Sofian-Azirun, Mohd (2016).
1182:"Locomotion through use of the mouth brushes in the larva of Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae)"
425:
418:
299:
1221:
355:
341:
278:
4041:
3888:
2289:
1733:
1726:
Analyse der
Histaminanteile im Speichel verschiedener KriebelmĂĽckenarten (Diptera: Simuliidae)
1715:
1701:
1687:
1669:
1640:
1626:
1594:
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Jensen, F. ; Diptera
Simuliidae, Blackflies. pp. 209–241 in: Nilsson, A.N. (ed.):
1357:
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958:, cutting the skin and rupturing its fine capillaries. Feeding is facilitated by a powerful
800:
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2012:
1971:
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1313:
1228:
974:
848:
570:
525:
257:
932:, the type genus, is the most widespread and is a vector for several diseases, including
1754:
1387:"The Name of the Type Species of Simulium (Diptera: Simuliidae): an historical footnote"
973:
and aching joints; these symptoms are probably a reaction to a compound from the flies'
3940:
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3339:
3255:
3190:
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2020:
1918:
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2118:
2046:
2028:
1947:
1033:
959:
840:
788:
703:
562:
404:
201:
77:
920:, contain species that feed on people, though other species prefer to feed on other
883:
35 species of preimaginal black flies were discovered in a study in 2016, including
3893:
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3734:
3726:
3717:
3659:
3620:
3603:
3478:
3378:
3315:
3223:
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3009:
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2084:
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1979:
1955:
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1005:
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390:
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1730:
Mitteilungen der
Deutschen Gesellschaft fĂĽr Allgemeine und Angewandte Entomologie
1684:
Mitteilungen der
Deutschen Gesellschaft fĂĽr Allgemeine und Angewandte Entomologie
4010:
3966:
3811:
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3630:
3361:
3344:
3320:
3307:
3231:
3210:
3123:
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2763:
2647:
2614:
2557:
2494:
2451:
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2256:
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2131:
2113:
1926:
1698:
Beiträge zur
Taxonomie, Faunistik und Ă–kologie der KriebelmĂĽcken in Mitteleuropa
1651:
Verbreitung und Ă–kologie der KriebelmĂĽcken (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Niederbayern
904:
796:
606:
554:
439:
411:
250:
52:
30:
This article is about black flies in the family Simuliidae. For other uses, see
1700:. Essener Ă–kologische Schriften. Bd.2. Westarp Wissenschaften, Magdeburg 1993.
475:
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3586:
3520:
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17:
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1934:
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1186:
Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences
1020:
940:
898:
717:
546:
432:
313:
92:
87:
72:
67:
57:
1614:
Kurtak, D. C. 1978. "Efficiency of filter feeding of black fly larvae".
1292:"Blandford fly: surge in 'infected' insect bites blamed on new superfly"
3880:
2660:
1910:
969:
921:
916:
820:
816:
779:
631: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
285:
107:
82:
723:
3971:
3444:
2502:
1817:
1805:
1637:
Simuliidae – Key to Larvae and Pupae from Central- and Western Europe
1045:
1037:
977:. Less common severe allergic reactions may require hospitalization.
963:
792:
558:
544:
contains all the rest. Over 1,800 of the species belong to the genus
292:
181:
161:
3958:
3773:
1591:
Black flies, ecology, population management, and annotat. world list
860:
The New Zealand "sandflies" are actually black flies of the species
119:
3919:
1085:
925:
769:
722:
712:
707:
847:) in England was once a public health problem in the area around
1080:
985:
557:
of mammals, including humans, although the males feed mainly on
501:
3777:
2428:
1848:
1764:
827:. They can also be a significant nuisance in mountainous areas.
1792:
600:
191:
3906:
1527:
Extensive Simuliidae (black fly) Web pages at blackfly.org.uk
1710:
Wichard, W. ; Arens, W. ; Eisenbeis, G. ;
1526:
1575:. pp. 331–347 in: Papp, L. and Darvas, B. (eds.):
1584:
Aquatic Insects of North Europe. A Taxonomic Handbook
1032:, or "river blindness", which is endemic in parts of
561:. They are usually small, black or gray, with short
3786:
3725:
3716:
3694:
3685:
3642:
3611:
3602:
3561:
3552:
3487:
3414:
3369:
3360:
3332:
3267:
3209:
3114:
3075:
3039:
2962:
2898:
2864:
2801:
2780:
2771:
2762:
2721:
2668:
2659:
2646:
2605:
2548:
2459:
2450:
2355:
2334:
2325:
2288:
2255:
2224:
2215:
2189:
2096:
2075:
2054:
2045:
2003:
1946:
1901:
1892:
1866:
1016:Black flies are central to the transmission of the
731:Adult males feed on nectar, while females exhibit
787:In the wetter parts of the northern latitudes of
1657:. Mauch, Dinkelscherben 11.1992, pp. 1–230.
1577:Contributions to a Manual of Palaearctic Diptera
2704:(scuttle flies, coffin flies, humpbacked flies)
1589:Kim, K. C. ; Merritt, R. W. (Eds.) ;
2241:(minute black scavenger flies, or dung midges)
1447:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 81–92.
1438:
1436:
1133:
1131:
1776:
1668:. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart 12.1987, 133–142.
1561:. CD-Rom. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart, 1994.
8:
1611:. PhD thesis. Cornell Univ., Ithaca. 157 pp.
1138:Adler, Peter H.; Crosskey, Roger W. (2017).
887:, which had been considered locally extinct.
1579:, Volume 2. Science Herald, Budapest, 1997.
1160:"Black flies surge in Maine's clean rivers"
896:Only four genera in the family Simuliidae,
3774:
3722:
3691:
3608:
3558:
3549:
3366:
2777:
2768:
2759:
2665:
2656:
2652:
2456:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2425:
2331:
2322:
2285:
2221:
2212:
2186:
2051:
2042:
2000:
1898:
1889:
1863:
1859:
1845:
1783:
1769:
1761:
540:contains only one genus and four species;
118:
38:
1361:
1351:
1205:
1069:inspired by his experiences with them in
774:Black flies attack a canoe expedition in
766:Regional effects of black fly populations
691:Learn how and when to remove this message
1696:Timm, T. ; RĂĽhm, W. (Hrsg.) ;
1557:Honomichl K. ; Bellmann, H. ;
1073:and popularized in the United States by
3426:(blow-flies: bluebottles, greenbottles)
1102:
1750:Taxonomy and systematics of Simuliidae
1469:"Avon Skin-So-Soft SSS Bug Guard Plus"
1048:host for the nematode and acts as the
876:also frequently land on legs and arms.
1712:Atlas zur Biologie der Wasserinsekten
1635:Lechthaler, W. ; Car, M. ;
1571:Jedlicka, L.; Stloukalova, V. ;
1385:Thompson, F. Christian (March 2001).
553:Most black flies gain nourishment by
7:
4034:e8a139f5-aad7-4676-a91e-6ebbd3d7b828
3946:34345fb1-a27d-40df-af88-4357f7f2808b
1415:Mullen, Gary; Durden, Lance (2009).
1180:Brackenbury, John (7 January 2001).
629:adding citations to reliable sources
1266:"Blandford's Most pernicious beast"
706:are laid in running water, and the
2889:(cactus flies, banana stalk flies)
1593:. University Park, London, 1987.
1559:Biologie und Ă–kologie der Insekten
854:Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis
25:
4101:Insect vectors of human pathogens
1545:The natural history of blackflies
1417:Medical and Veterinary Entomology
1091:Use of DNA in forensic entomology
1625:. Academic Press, London, 1981.
1586:. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 1997.
982:ethyl butylacetylaminopropionate
605:
474:
138:
1445:Medical Entomology for Students
616:needs additional citations for
593:in Central and South America).
513:) is any member of the family
1:
2573:(dagger flies, balloon flies)
1732:. Bremen 6.1988, 441–442.
1686:. Bremen 6.1988, 156–158.
1609:by the larvae of black flies
1290:Hough, Andrew (2010-07-29).
1243:. dep.pa.gov. Archived from
4111:Taxa named by Edward Newman
4106:Upper Peninsula of Michigan
3765:List of families of Diptera
3397:(house flies, stable flies)
1547:. Willey, New York, 1990.
1532:Black fly species inventory
1316:. Teara.govt.nz. 2009-03-01
1227:September 30, 2007, at the
1220:The Canadian Encyclopedia:
809:Upper Peninsula of Michigan
4127:
2168:(dark-winged fungus gnats)
2160:(long-winged fungus gnats)
2147:(long-beaked fungus gnats)
1158:Daley, Beth (2008-06-23).
863:Austrosimulium australense
742:Black flies may be either
29:
3762:
3548:
3242:(vinegar and fruit flies)
3152:(lekking, or druid flies)
2758:
2655:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2424:
2375:(long-bodied crane flies)
2321:
2284:
2211:
2185:
2041:
1999:
1888:
1862:
1858:
1844:
1800:
1353:10.1186/s13071-016-1492-7
229:
224:
135:Scientific classification
133:
126:
117:
41:
32:Blackfly (disambiguation)
2139:(predatory fungus gnats)
1298:. London. Archived from
1111:"Definition of BLACKFLY"
3030:(black scavenger flies)
2391:(hairy-eyed craneflies)
2308:(primitive crane flies)
2066:(march flies, lovebugs)
1621:Laird, M. (Ed.) ;
1340:Parasites & Vectors
945:Simulium colombaschense
757:in 1986–1987 indicates
524:. It is related to the
3672:(horse and deer flies)
2944:Strongylophthalmyiidae
2855:(picture-winged flies)
2383:(limoniid crane flies)
1543:Crosskey R. W. ;
1518:Black Flies Fact Sheet
1198:10.1098/rspb.2000.1336
783:
728:
48:Late Jurassic – Recent
4055:Paleobiology Database
3258:(frightful hairy fly)
3087:(beetle-backed flies)
2625:(tangle-veined flies)
2510:(hilarimorphid flies)
2471:(flower-loving flies)
2300:(phantom crane flies)
1666:Entomologia generalis
1522:Ohio State University
791:, including parts of
773:
755:Portsmouth University
726:
128:Simulium trifasciatum
3941:Fauna Europaea (new)
3589:(wood soldier flies)
3439:(New Zealand batfly)
3389:(little house flies)
2881:(stilt-legged flies)
2792:(thick-headed flies)
2688:(spear-winged flies)
2617:(small-headed flies)
2346:(winter crane flies)
1921:(frog-biting midges)
1755:Diptera.info Gallery
1724:Wirtz, H. P. ;
1603:Kurtak, D. C. 1973.
1443:Service, MW (2008).
885:Simulium digrammicum
625:improve this article
589:in Central America,
581:) and the Americas (
555:feeding on the blood
498:(sometimes called a
3654:(water snipe flies)
3175:(upside-down flies)
2712:(flat-footed flies)
2696:(flat-footed flies)
2565:(long-legged flies)
2399:(large crane flies)
2015:(net-winged midges)
1982:(non-biting midges)
1714:. Stuttgart, 1994.
1296:The Daily Telegraph
1115:Merriam-webster.com
1044:. It serves as the
1025:Onchocerca volvulus
881:Peninsular Malaysia
845:Simulium posticatum
3323:(freeloader flies)
3126:(leaf miner flies)
3066:(small dung flies)
2910:(stalk-eyed flies)
2733:(big-headed flies)
2191:Perissommatomorpha
2021:Deuterophlebiidae
2005:Blephariceromorpha
1512:General references
1419:. Academic Press.
1391:Entomological News
1063:The Black Fly Song
784:
753:Work conducted at
729:
727:A female black fly
720:on mayfly nymphs.
4083:
4082:
4042:Open Tree of Life
3780:Taxon identifiers
3771:
3770:
3758:
3757:
3754:
3753:
3750:
3749:
3746:
3745:
3738:
3712:
3711:
3681:
3680:
3673:
3655:
3634:
3598:
3597:
3590:
3582:
3574:
3571:Pantophthalmidae
3544:
3543:
3540:
3539:
3536:
3535:
3532:
3531:
3524:
3516:
3508:
3500:
3474:
3466:
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3440:
3427:
3406:
3398:
3390:
3382:
3356:
3355:
3348:
3324:
3311:
3298:
3290:
3277:Acartophthalmidae
3259:
3251:
3243:
3235:
3227:
3226:(quasimodo flies)
3176:
3153:
3145:
3127:
3096:
3088:
3067:
3031:
3023:
2975:
2934:
2911:
2890:
2882:
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2848:
2830:
2822:
2814:
2793:
2754:
2753:
2750:
2749:
2742:
2734:
2713:
2705:
2697:
2689:
2681:
2642:
2641:
2638:
2637:
2634:
2633:
2626:
2618:
2587:
2574:
2566:
2540:
2532:
2519:
2511:
2498:
2490:
2472:
2420:
2419:
2416:
2415:
2412:
2411:
2408:
2407:
2400:
2392:
2384:
2376:
2366:
2347:
2317:
2316:
2309:
2301:
2290:Ptychopteromorpha
2280:
2279:
2276:
2275:
2268:
2242:
2207:
2206:
2181:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2169:
2161:
2148:
2145:Lygistorrhinidae
2140:
2122:
2107:
2088:
2067:
2037:
2036:
2024:
2023:(mountain midges)
2016:
1995:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1983:
1975:
1967:
1959:
1958:(solitary midges)
1938:
1930:
1922:
1914:
1913:(meniscus midges)
1884:
1883:
1649:Seitz, G. ;
1573:Family Simuliidae
1454:978-0-521-70928-6
1426:978-0-12-372500-4
1192:(1462): 101–106.
1042:Arabian Peninsula
701:
700:
693:
675:
575:Simulium damnosum
488:
487:
398:Paraustrosimulium
220:
27:Family of insects
16:(Redirected from
4118:
4076:
4075:
4063:
4062:
4050:
4049:
4037:
4036:
4027:
4026:
4014:
4013:
4011:NBNSYS0000040183
4001:
4000:
3988:
3987:
3975:
3974:
3962:
3961:
3949:
3948:
3936:
3935:
3923:
3922:
3910:
3909:
3897:
3896:
3884:
3883:
3871:
3870:
3858:
3857:
3848:
3847:
3835:
3834:
3822:
3821:
3820:
3807:
3806:
3805:
3775:
3736:
3723:
3692:
3687:Vermileonomorpha
3671:
3665:Pelecorhynchidae
3653:
3632:
3609:
3588:
3580:
3572:
3559:
3554:Stratiomyomorpha
3550:
3522:
3514:
3506:
3498:
3472:
3464:
3446:
3438:
3437:Mystacinobiidae
3432:Mesembrinellidae
3425:
3404:
3396:
3388:
3380:
3367:
3346:
3322:
3309:
3296:
3288:
3257:
3249:
3241:
3233:
3225:
3174:
3151:
3143:
3142:Aulacigastridae
3125:
3094:
3086:
3065:
3029:
3021:
2973:
2949:Syringogastridae
2932:
2909:
2888:
2880:
2874:Cypselosomatidae
2854:
2846:
2828:
2827:Platystomatidae
2820:
2812:
2791:
2778:
2769:
2760:
2740:
2732:
2711:
2703:
2695:
2687:
2679:
2666:
2657:
2653:
2624:
2616:
2585:
2572:
2564:
2539:(stiletto flies)
2538:
2530:
2517:
2509:
2508:Hilarimorphidae
2496:
2488:
2477:Apsilocephalidae
2470:
2457:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2426:
2398:
2390:
2382:
2374:
2373:Cylindrotomidae
2365:
2364:
2360:
2345:
2332:
2323:
2307:
2299:
2286:
2266:
2240:
2234:Canthyloscelidae
2222:
2213:
2187:
2167:
2159:
2146:
2138:
2120:
2106:
2105:
2101:
2086:
2065:
2052:
2043:
2022:
2014:
2013:Blephariceridae
2001:
1981:
1973:
1972:Ceratopogonidae
1965:
1957:
1936:
1929:(phantom midges)
1928:
1920:
1912:
1899:
1890:
1864:
1860:
1846:
1785:
1778:
1771:
1762:
1678:Timm, T. ;
1660:Timm, T. ;
1605:Observations on
1505:
1504:
1501:Idph.state.il.us
1493:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1473:
1465:
1459:
1458:
1440:
1431:
1430:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1402:
1382:
1376:
1375:
1365:
1355:
1331:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1321:
1310:
1304:
1303:
1287:
1281:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1262:
1256:
1255:
1253:
1252:
1237:
1231:
1218:
1212:
1211:
1209:
1177:
1171:
1170:
1168:
1167:
1155:
1149:
1148:
1146:
1135:
1126:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1107:
1071:Northern Ontario
1000:-toluamide), or
801:Upstate New York
696:
689:
685:
682:
676:
674:
633:
609:
601:
479:Data related to
478:
215:
143:
142:
122:
112:
49:
45:Temporal range:
39:
21:
4126:
4125:
4121:
4120:
4119:
4117:
4116:
4115:
4086:
4085:
4084:
4079:
4071:
4066:
4058:
4053:
4045:
4040:
4032:
4030:
4022:
4017:
4009:
4004:
3996:
3991:
3983:
3978:
3970:
3965:
3957:
3952:
3944:
3939:
3931:
3926:
3918:
3913:
3905:
3900:
3892:
3887:
3879:
3874:
3866:
3861:
3853:
3851:
3843:
3838:
3830:
3825:
3816:
3815:
3810:
3801:
3800:
3795:
3782:
3772:
3767:
3742:
3718:Xylophagomorpha
3708:
3677:
3638:
3594:
3581:(soldier flies)
3528:
3483:
3473:(tachina flies)
3410:
3403:Scathophagidae
3381:(cabbage flies)
3352:
3328:
3282:Australimyzidae
3263:
3256:Mormotomyiidae
3205:
3173:Neurochaetidae
3110:
3071:
3064:Sphaeroceridae
3041:Sphaeroceroidea
3035:
2995:Heterocheilidae
2990:Helosciomyzidae
2958:
2894:
2860:
2847:(peacock flies)
2813:(flutter flies)
2797:
2746:
2717:
2686:Lonchopteridae
2630:
2601:
2579:Homalocnemiidae
2563:Dolichopodidae
2544:
2434:
2404:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2351:
2313:
2298:Ptychopteridae
2272:
2251:
2203:
2199:Perissommatidae
2173:
2158:Rangomaramidae
2103:
2102:
2100:
2092:
2071:
2033:
1987:
1974:(biting midges)
1942:
1919:Corethrellidae
1880:
1854:
1840:
1796:
1789:
1746:
1639:. Vienna 2005,
1618:56:1608–23 110.
1540:
1538:Further reading
1514:
1509:
1508:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1480:
1478:
1471:
1467:
1466:
1462:
1455:
1442:
1441:
1434:
1427:
1414:
1413:
1409:
1400:
1398:
1384:
1383:
1379:
1333:
1332:
1328:
1319:
1317:
1312:
1311:
1307:
1289:
1288:
1284:
1274:
1272:
1264:
1263:
1259:
1250:
1248:
1239:
1238:
1234:
1229:Wayback Machine
1219:
1215:
1179:
1178:
1174:
1165:
1163:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1144:
1137:
1136:
1129:
1119:
1117:
1109:
1108:
1104:
1099:
1058:
1014:
1012:River blindness
975:salivary glands
934:river blindness
894:
849:Blandford Forum
768:
697:
686:
680:
677:
634:
632:
622:
610:
599:
571:river blindness
526:Ceratopogonidae
483:at Wikispecies
258:Araucnephioides
214:
137:
113:
111:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
47:
46:
43:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4124:
4122:
4114:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4088:
4087:
4081:
4080:
4078:
4077:
4064:
4051:
4038:
4028:
4015:
4002:
3989:
3976:
3963:
3950:
3937:
3928:Fauna Europaea
3924:
3911:
3898:
3885:
3872:
3859:
3849:
3836:
3823:
3808:
3792:
3790:
3784:
3783:
3778:
3769:
3768:
3763:
3760:
3759:
3756:
3755:
3752:
3751:
3748:
3747:
3744:
3743:
3741:
3740:
3731:
3729:
3720:
3714:
3713:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3706:
3700:
3698:
3696:Vermileonoidea
3689:
3683:
3682:
3679:
3678:
3676:
3675:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3648:
3646:
3640:
3639:
3637:
3636:
3628:
3623:
3621:Austroleptidae
3617:
3615:
3606:
3600:
3599:
3596:
3595:
3593:
3592:
3584:
3579:Stratiomyidae
3576:
3573:(timber flies)
3567:
3565:
3563:Stratiomyoidea
3556:
3546:
3545:
3542:
3541:
3538:
3537:
3534:
3533:
3530:
3529:
3527:
3526:
3518:
3513:Nycteribiidae
3510:
3505:Hippoboscidae
3502:
3499:(tsetse flies)
3493:
3491:
3489:Hippoboscoidea
3485:
3484:
3482:
3481:
3476:
3468:
3463:Sarcophagidae
3460:
3455:
3450:
3442:
3434:
3429:
3424:Calliphoridae
3420:
3418:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3408:
3400:
3392:
3384:
3375:
3373:
3364:
3358:
3357:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3350:
3342:
3340:Cryptochetidae
3336:
3334:
3330:
3329:
3327:
3326:
3318:
3313:
3305:
3300:
3292:
3284:
3279:
3273:
3271:
3265:
3264:
3262:
3261:
3253:
3245:
3240:Drosophilidae
3237:
3229:
3221:
3215:
3213:
3207:
3206:
3204:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3191:Periscelididae
3188:
3183:
3178:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3158:Fergusoninidae
3155:
3147:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3120:
3118:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:Chamaemyiidae
3090:
3081:
3079:
3073:
3072:
3070:
3069:
3061:
3059:Nannodastiidae
3056:
3051:
3045:
3043:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3033:
3025:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2968:
2966:
2960:
2959:
2957:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2904:
2902:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2892:
2884:
2876:
2870:
2868:
2862:
2861:
2859:
2858:
2850:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2829:(signal flies)
2824:
2821:(cheese flies)
2816:
2811:Pallopteridae
2807:
2805:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2795:
2786:
2784:
2775:
2766:
2756:
2755:
2752:
2751:
2748:
2747:
2745:
2744:
2736:
2727:
2725:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2715:
2707:
2699:
2691:
2683:
2680:(ironic flies)
2674:
2672:
2663:
2650:
2644:
2643:
2640:
2639:
2636:
2635:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2628:
2623:Nemestrinidae
2620:
2611:
2609:
2607:Nemestrinoidea
2603:
2602:
2600:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2581:
2576:
2568:
2560:
2554:
2552:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2542:
2534:
2531:(window flies)
2526:
2524:Mythicomyiidae
2521:
2513:
2505:
2500:
2492:
2489:(robber flies)
2484:
2479:
2474:
2465:
2463:
2454:
2436:
2435:
2429:
2422:
2421:
2418:
2417:
2414:
2413:
2410:
2409:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2402:
2394:
2386:
2378:
2369:
2367:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2349:
2344:Trichoceridae
2340:
2338:
2336:Trichoceroidea
2329:
2319:
2318:
2315:
2314:
2312:
2311:
2303:
2294:
2292:
2282:
2281:
2278:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2270:
2261:
2259:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2249:
2244:
2236:
2230:
2228:
2219:
2217:Psychodomorpha
2209:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2201:
2195:
2193:
2183:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2171:
2163:
2155:
2153:Mycetophilidae
2150:
2142:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:Cecidomyiidae
2116:
2114:Bolitophilidae
2110:
2108:
2104:(fungus gnats)
2094:
2093:
2091:
2090:
2081:
2079:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2069:
2060:
2058:
2049:
2039:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2031:
2026:
2018:
2009:
2007:
1997:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1985:
1977:
1969:
1961:
1952:
1950:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1940:
1932:
1924:
1916:
1907:
1905:
1896:
1886:
1885:
1882:
1881:
1879:
1878:
1872:
1870:
1856:
1855:
1849:
1842:
1841:
1839:
1838:
1832:
1826:
1820:
1814:
1808:
1801:
1798:
1797:
1790:
1788:
1787:
1780:
1773:
1765:
1759:
1758:
1752:
1745:
1744:External links
1742:
1741:
1740:
1722:
1708:
1694:
1676:
1658:
1647:
1633:
1619:
1612:
1607:filter feeding
1601:
1587:
1580:
1569:
1555:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1497:"Biting Flies"
1488:
1460:
1453:
1432:
1425:
1407:
1377:
1326:
1305:
1302:on 2010-08-01.
1282:
1257:
1232:
1213:
1172:
1162:. Boston Globe
1150:
1127:
1101:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1067:Wade Hemsworth
1057:
1054:
1030:onchocerciasis
1013:
1010:
962:in the flies'
911:Austrosimulium
893:
890:
889:
888:
877:
873:
858:
837:
831:
828:
767:
764:
699:
698:
613:
611:
604:
598:
595:
538:Parasimuliinae
486:
485:
472:
471:
464:
457:
450:
443:
436:
429:
422:
415:
408:
401:
394:
387:
380:
373:
366:
359:
352:
345:
338:
331:
324:
317:
310:
303:
296:
289:
282:
275:
272:Austrosimulium
268:
261:
254:
241:
240:
235:
233:Parasimuliinae
227:
226:
222:
221:
209:
205:
204:
199:
195:
194:
189:
185:
184:
179:
175:
174:
169:
165:
164:
159:
155:
154:
149:
145:
144:
131:
130:
124:
123:
115:
114:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
50:
44:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4123:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4093:
4091:
4074:
4069:
4065:
4061:
4056:
4052:
4048:
4043:
4039:
4035:
4029:
4025:
4020:
4016:
4012:
4007:
4003:
3999:
3994:
3990:
3986:
3981:
3977:
3973:
3968:
3964:
3960:
3955:
3951:
3947:
3942:
3938:
3934:
3929:
3925:
3921:
3916:
3912:
3908:
3903:
3899:
3895:
3890:
3886:
3882:
3877:
3873:
3869:
3864:
3860:
3856:
3850:
3846:
3841:
3837:
3833:
3828:
3824:
3819:
3813:
3809:
3804:
3798:
3794:
3793:
3791:
3789:
3785:
3781:
3776:
3766:
3761:
3739:
3735:Xylophagidae
3733:
3732:
3730:
3728:
3727:Xylophagoidea
3724:
3721:
3719:
3715:
3705:
3704:Vermileonidae
3702:
3701:
3699:
3697:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3684:
3674:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3650:
3649:
3647:
3645:
3641:
3635:
3633:(snipe flies)
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3618:
3616:
3614:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3601:
3591:
3585:
3583:
3577:
3575:
3569:
3568:
3566:
3564:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3551:
3547:
3525:
3519:
3517:
3511:
3509:
3507:(louse flies)
3503:
3501:
3495:
3494:
3492:
3490:
3486:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3469:
3467:
3465:(flesh flies)
3461:
3459:
3458:Rhinophoridae
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3443:
3441:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3417:
3413:
3407:
3401:
3399:
3393:
3391:
3385:
3383:
3379:Anthomyiidae
3377:
3376:
3374:
3372:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3359:
3349:
3347:(lance flies)
3343:
3341:
3338:
3337:
3335:
3331:
3325:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3297:(beach flies)
3293:
3291:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3270:
3266:
3260:
3254:
3252:
3250:(shore flies)
3246:
3244:
3238:
3236:
3230:
3228:
3224:Curtonotidae
3222:
3220:
3217:
3216:
3214:
3212:
3208:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3196:Teratomyzidae
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3148:
3146:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3117:
3113:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3101:Cremifaniidae
3099:
3097:
3095:(aphid flies)
3091:
3089:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3078:
3074:
3068:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3042:
3038:
3032:
3026:
3024:
3022:(marsh flies)
3018:
3016:
3015:Ropalomeridae
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3005:Natalimyzidae
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2965:
2961:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2921:Megamerinidae
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2901:
2897:
2891:
2885:
2883:
2879:Micropezidae
2877:
2875:
2872:
2871:
2869:
2867:
2863:
2857:
2851:
2849:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2825:
2823:
2817:
2815:
2809:
2808:
2806:
2804:
2800:
2794:
2788:
2787:
2785:
2783:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2743:
2737:
2735:
2731:Pipunculidae
2729:
2728:
2726:
2724:
2720:
2714:
2710:Platypezidae
2708:
2706:
2700:
2698:
2692:
2690:
2684:
2682:
2678:Ironomyiidae
2676:
2675:
2673:
2671:
2670:Platypezoidea
2667:
2664:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2645:
2627:
2621:
2619:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2608:
2604:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2592:Oreogetonidae
2590:
2588:
2586:(dance flies)
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2569:
2567:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2547:
2541:
2535:
2533:
2529:Scenopinidae
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2518:(mydas flies)
2514:
2512:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2493:
2491:
2485:
2483:
2482:Apystomyiidae
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2427:
2423:
2401:
2395:
2393:
2387:
2385:
2379:
2377:
2371:
2370:
2368:
2363:(crane flies)
2358:
2354:
2348:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2337:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2310:
2304:
2302:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2269:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2254:
2248:
2247:Valeseguyidae
2245:
2243:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2200:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2170:
2164:
2162:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2143:
2141:
2137:Keroplatidae
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2127:Diadocidiidae
2125:
2123:
2121:(gall midges)
2117:
2115:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2099:
2095:
2089:
2085:Anisopodidae
2083:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2077:Anisopodoidea
2074:
2068:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2047:Bibionomorpha
2044:
2040:
2030:
2029:Nymphomyiidae
2027:
2025:
2019:
2017:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1984:
1980:Chironomidae
1978:
1976:
1970:
1968:
1966:(black flies)
1962:
1960:
1956:Thaumaleidae
1954:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1948:Chironomoidea
1945:
1939:
1933:
1931:
1925:
1923:
1917:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1868:Axymyiomorpha
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1847:
1843:
1837:
1833:
1831:
1827:
1825:
1821:
1819:
1815:
1813:
1809:
1807:
1803:
1802:
1799:
1794:
1786:
1781:
1779:
1774:
1772:
1767:
1766:
1763:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1721:
1720:3-437-30743-6
1717:
1713:
1709:
1707:
1706:3-89432-078-8
1703:
1699:
1695:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1646:
1645:3-9501839-3-0
1642:
1638:
1634:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1617:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1602:
1600:
1599:0-271-00417-7
1596:
1592:
1588:
1585:
1581:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1554:
1553:0-471-92755-4
1550:
1546:
1542:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1511:
1502:
1498:
1492:
1489:
1477:
1470:
1464:
1461:
1456:
1450:
1446:
1439:
1437:
1433:
1428:
1422:
1418:
1411:
1408:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1381:
1378:
1373:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1330:
1327:
1315:
1309:
1306:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1286:
1283:
1271:
1267:
1261:
1258:
1247:on 2020-06-26
1246:
1242:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1226:
1223:
1217:
1214:
1208:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1176:
1173:
1161:
1154:
1151:
1147:. p. 11.
1143:
1142:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1116:
1112:
1106:
1103:
1096:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1065:", a song by
1064:
1060:
1059:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1034:South America
1031:
1028:which causes
1027:
1026:
1022:
1019:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
978:
976:
971:
967:
965:
961:
960:anticoagulant
957:
953:
948:
946:
942:
937:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
918:
913:
912:
907:
906:
901:
900:
892:Public health
891:
886:
882:
878:
874:
871:
870:
865:
864:
859:
856:
855:
850:
846:
842:
841:Blandford fly
838:
835:
832:
829:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
789:North America
786:
785:
781:
777:
776:Dubawnt River
772:
765:
763:
760:
756:
751:
749:
745:
740:
737:
734:
725:
721:
719:
714:
709:
705:
695:
692:
684:
673:
670:
666:
663:
659:
656:
652:
649:
645:
642: –
641:
637:
636:Find sources:
630:
626:
620:
619:
614:This section
612:
608:
603:
602:
596:
594:
592:
588:
587:S. metallicum
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
551:
549:
548:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
503:
497:
493:
484:
482:
477:
470:
469:
465:
463:
462:
458:
456:
455:
451:
449:
448:
444:
442:
441:
437:
435:
434:
430:
428:
427:
423:
421:
420:
416:
414:
413:
409:
407:
406:
405:Pedrowygomyia
402:
400:
399:
395:
393:
392:
388:
386:
385:
381:
379:
378:
374:
372:
371:
367:
365:
364:
360:
358:
357:
353:
351:
350:
346:
344:
343:
339:
337:
336:
332:
330:
329:
325:
323:
322:
318:
316:
315:
311:
309:
308:
304:
302:
301:
297:
295:
294:
290:
288:
287:
283:
281:
280:
276:
274:
273:
269:
267:
266:
262:
260:
259:
255:
253:
252:
248:
247:
246:
245:
239:
236:
234:
231:
230:
228:
223:
218:
213:
210:
207:
206:
203:
202:Chironomoidea
200:
198:Superfamily:
197:
196:
193:
190:
187:
186:
183:
180:
177:
176:
173:
170:
167:
166:
163:
160:
157:
156:
153:
150:
147:
146:
141:
136:
132:
129:
125:
121:
116:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
40:
37:
33:
19:
3787:
3660:Oreoleptidae
3652:Athericidae
3631:Rhagionidae
3626:Bolbomyiidae
3613:Rhagionoidea
3604:Tabanomorpha
3497:Glossinidae
3479:Ulurumyiidae
3405:(dung flies)
3345:Lonchaeidae
3333:Lonchaeoidea
3321:Milichiidae
3316:Inbiomyiidae
3310:(frit flies)
3308:Chloropidae
3232:Diastatidae
3201:Xenasteiidae
3132:Anthomyzidae
3124:Agromyzidae
3077:Lauxanioidea
3054:Heleomyzidae
3020:Sciomyzidae
3010:Phaeomyiidae
3000:Huttoninidae
2985:Helcomyzidae
2974:(kelp flies)
2964:Sciomyzoidea
2933:(rust flies)
2845:Tephritidae
2840:Richardiidae
2819:Piophilidae
2803:Tephritoidea
2773:Acalyptratae
2741:(hoverflies)
2615:Acroceridae
2495:Bombyliidae
2469:Apioceridae
2327:Tipulomorpha
2306:Tanyderidae
2267:(moth flies)
2265:Psychodidae
2257:Psychodoidea
2239:Scatopsidae
2226:Scatopsoidea
2087:(wood gnats)
1963:
1937:(mosquitoes)
1927:Chaoboridae
1894:Culicomorpha
1836:Holometabola
1834:Superorder:
1828:Infraclass:
1729:
1725:
1711:
1697:
1683:
1679:
1665:
1661:
1655:Lauterbornia
1654:
1650:
1636:
1622:
1616:Can. J. ZooL
1615:
1604:
1590:
1583:
1576:
1572:
1558:
1544:
1500:
1491:
1479:. Retrieved
1475:
1463:
1444:
1416:
1410:
1399:. Retrieved
1394:
1390:
1380:
1346:(219): 219.
1343:
1339:
1329:
1318:. Retrieved
1308:
1300:the original
1295:
1285:
1273:. Retrieved
1269:
1260:
1249:. Retrieved
1245:the original
1235:
1216:
1189:
1185:
1175:
1164:. Retrieved
1153:
1140:
1118:. Retrieved
1114:
1105:
1075:Bill Staines
1023:
1015:
1006:Skin So Soft
997:
993:
989:
979:
968:
949:
944:
938:
929:
915:
909:
903:
897:
895:
884:
869:A. ungulatum
867:
861:
852:
844:
834:Pennsylvania
758:
752:
748:multivoltine
741:
738:
730:
702:
687:
681:October 2023
678:
668:
661:
654:
647:
635:
623:Please help
618:verification
615:
591:S. ochraceum
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
552:
545:
534:Thaumaleidae
530:Chironomidae
519:Culicomorpha
514:
510:
506:
499:
495:
491:
489:
473:
466:
459:
454:Titanopteryx
452:
447:Sulcicnephia
445:
438:
431:
424:
417:
410:
403:
396:
391:Parasimulium
389:
382:
375:
368:
363:Lutzsimulium
361:
354:
349:Kovalevimyia
347:
340:
333:
326:
319:
312:
305:
298:
291:
284:
277:
270:
265:Archicnephia
263:
256:
249:
243:
242:
225:Subfamilies
211:
127:
36:
3967:iNaturalist
3812:Wikispecies
3737:(awl flies)
3587:Xylomyidae
3523:(bat flies)
3521:Streblidae
3515:(bat flies)
3471:Tachinidae
3362:Calyptratae
3248:Ephydridae
3234:(bog flies)
3211:Ephydroidea
3144:(sap flies)
3116:Opomyzoidea
3106:Lauxaniidae
3085:Celyphidae
3049:Chyromyidae
2980:Dryomyzidae
2972:Coelopidae
2954:Tanypezidae
2764:Schizophora
2648:Muscomorpha
2558:Atelestidae
2537:Therevidae
2497:(bee flies)
2452:Asilomorpha
2389:Pediciidae
2381:Limoniidae
2132:Ditomyiidae
2064:Bibionidae
2056:Bibionoidea
1964:Simuliidae
1481:18 December
1275:6 September
1270:Dorset Life
1241:"Black Fly"
1120:18 December
905:Prosimulium
825:backpacking
797:New England
640:"Black fly"
583:S. callidum
573:in Africa (
511:white socks
507:turkey gnat
461:Tlalocomyia
440:Stegopterna
412:Prosimulium
384:Paracnephia
377:Metacnephia
370:Mayacnephia
251:Araucnephia
4096:Simuliidae
4090:Categories
3845:Simuliidae
3832:Simuliidae
3818:Simuliidae
3788:Simuliidae
3670:Tabanidae
3644:Tabanoidea
3447:(botflies)
3445:Oestridae
3416:Oestroidea
3387:Fanniidae
3295:Canacidae
3289:(bee lice)
3287:Braulidae
3219:Camillidae
3186:Opomyzidae
3163:Marginidae
3150:Clusiidae
2939:Somatiidae
2926:Nothybidae
2908:Diopsidae
2900:Diopsoidea
2853:Ulidiidae
2835:Pyrgotidae
2790:Conopidae
2782:Conopoidea
2739:Syrphidae
2723:Syrphoidea
2694:Opetiidae
2584:Hybotidae
2571:Empididae
2550:Empidoidea
2432:Brachycera
2397:Tipulidae
2357:Tipuloidea
2166:Sciaridae
2098:Sciaroidea
1935:Culicidae
1903:Culicoidea
1876:Axymyiidae
1852:Nematocera
1822:Subclass:
1812:Arthropoda
1631:0124340601
1623:Blackflies
1567:0271004177
1401:2011-04-08
1320:2012-02-15
1251:2018-05-21
1166:2008-06-23
1040:, and the
984:(IR3535),
807:, and the
744:univoltine
733:anautogeny
651:newspapers
542:Simuliinae
522:infraorder
515:Simuliidae
426:Simulimima
419:Simuliites
321:Gigantodax
300:Cnesiamima
238:Simuliinae
212:Simuliidae
172:Arthropoda
18:Borrachudo
3453:Rhiniidae
3395:Muscidae
3371:Muscoidea
3269:Carnoidea
3181:Odiniidae
3168:Neminidae
3137:Asteiidae
3028:Sepsidae
2931:Psilidae
2916:Gobryidae
2887:Neriidae
2866:Nerioidea
2702:Phoridae
2597:Ragadidae
2503:Evocoidae
2487:Asilidae
2461:Asiloidea
2430:Suborder
1850:Suborder
1824:Pterygota
1804:Kingdom:
1738:0344-9084
1692:0344-9084
1674:0340-2266
1476:3.epa.gov
1222:Black Fly
1097:Citations
1018:parasitic
1002:picaridin
996:-diethyl-
956:mandibles
813:gardening
805:Minnesota
579:S. neavei
492:black fly
481:Black fly
356:Levitinia
342:Gymnopais
279:Baisomyia
158:Kingdom:
152:Eukaryota
42:Black fly
3876:BugGuide
3852:BioLib:
3797:Wikidata
3303:Carnidae
2516:Mydidae
1911:Dixidae
1830:Neoptera
1810:Phylum:
1806:Animalia
1795:families
1397:(2): 125
1372:27094088
1225:Archived
1056:See also
1021:nematode
952:maxillae
941:Swarming
930:Simulium
899:Simulium
759:Simulium
718:phoretic
567:antennae
547:Simulium
500:buffalo
496:blackfly
433:Simulium
335:Gydarina
328:Greniera
314:Ectemnia
307:Crozetia
208:Family:
168:Phylum:
162:Animalia
148:Domain:
3803:Q720467
2661:Aschiza
1818:Insecta
1816:Class:
1793:Diptera
1791:Extant
1363:4837513
1207:1087607
970:Itching
922:mammals
917:Cnephia
821:camping
817:boating
780:Nunavut
665:scholar
597:Ecology
517:of the
468:Twinnia
286:Cnephia
192:Diptera
188:Order:
182:Insecta
178:Class:
4073:593214
4060:138362
4031:NZOR:
3998:126640
3985:104814
3920:1SIMUF
1757:Images
1736:
1728:. in:
1718:
1704:
1690:
1682:. in:
1672:
1664:. in:
1653:. in:
1643:
1629:
1597:
1565:
1551:
1451:
1423:
1370:
1360:
1204:
1050:vector
1046:larval
1038:Africa
964:saliva
924:or on
914:, and
823:, and
793:Canada
708:larvae
667:
660:
653:
646:
638:
565:, and
559:nectar
532:, and
293:Cnesia
244:Genera
219:, 1834
217:Newman
4068:WoRMS
4047:20681
3980:IRMNG
3972:63164
3933:11646
3894:6279F
3881:16613
3855:17365
1520:from
1472:(PDF)
1145:(PDF)
1086:Midge
926:birds
713:lotic
672:JSTOR
658:books
509:, or
4024:7190
4019:NCBI
3993:ITIS
3959:3522
3954:GBIF
3915:EPPO
3907:9010
3863:BOLD
1734:ISSN
1716:ISBN
1702:ISBN
1688:ISSN
1670:ISSN
1641:ISBN
1627:ISBN
1595:ISBN
1563:ISBN
1549:ISBN
1483:2021
1449:ISBN
1421:ISBN
1368:PMID
1277:2016
1122:2021
1081:Gnat
998:meta
986:DEET
954:and
866:and
839:The
704:Eggs
644:news
585:and
577:and
563:legs
502:gnat
53:Preęž’
4006:NBN
3902:EoL
3889:CoL
3868:707
3840:AFD
3827:ADW
1395:112
1358:PMC
1348:doi
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