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203:, the style of formal academic dress at the university, but is not a compulsory part of the attire. The colour of the carnation indicates which examination the student is taking in that run of exams. At the first examination, a white carnation is worn, at subsequent intermediate examinations, a pink carnation is worn, and at the final examination, a red carnation is worn.
393:
137:
However, on many recently made coats and jackets, the lapel is made without any loop, which would normally sit on the reverse of the lapel, beneath the buttonhole. Sometimes, the lapel buttonhole is in the "keyhole" shape, as opposed to the traditional straight cut, or is not even pierced through, in
169:
Today, boutonnières are still part of a man's formal attire, chiefly used on special occasions such as weddings, proms or ceremonies. When worn at a wedding or prom, they often match the flowers (corsages) of the bride or date. There are many types and styles of boutonnières to choose from. In some
154:
In the 18th century, however, many wore boutonnières as fashion statements. They were put on the buttonholes of frock coats. In most parts of Europe during this time, it was normal for men to wear fashionable clothes that included not only a boutonnière, but also breeches and boots. The French soon
165:
In the 20th century, after World Wars I and II, the wearing of a flower on the lapel remained popular. Although worn less commonly as time went on, a boutonnière served as a symbol of good breeding, elegance and sophistication. This was due partly to the influence of cinema.
27:
162:, adding fresh color to attire. This was one of the many accessories that a man could add to his clothing to make him stand out from the crowd, similar to picking a pair of well-polished shoes. Other popular accessories were chains, cigar cases and jeweled pins.
150:
derives from the French word for "buttonhole flower". Similar to a wedding bouquet, in the 16th century, boutonnières were used to ward off bad luck and evil spirits. It was also used to keep bad scents away and was believed to protect against diseases.
134: in (29 mm) long for there to be enough room to fit a standard-sized flower's calyx. Otherwise, the calyx would not fit into the buttonhole, and the flower head would hang freely and move about in the wind.
182:, of which the most formal is white. The classic alternative is one in clove red. Other colours and flowers may also be chosen to better coordinate with whatever else is being worn, such as a blue
120:, if pronounced such as that of a carnation, should be fully inserted into the buttonhole which would secure it tightly and flat against the lapel. Thus the buttonhole should ideally be at least
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in the United
Kingdom, it is a tradition that students wear carnation boutonnières while attending their formal examinations. This boutonnière is worn on the lapel of the student's
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which case the boutonnière may be pinned onto the jacket lapel, although this may be considered unsightly, and continued pinning could eventually damage the cloth or silk facing.
378:
Halliday, Renee (31 May 2012). "Moving to Oxford? Download your relocation guides here: Oxford
Examination Carnations". Theoxfordfresher.blogspot.com. Retrieved 31 May 2019.
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cases, the groom, his groomsmen and the father of the bride all wear boutonnières, adding a touch of elegance to the important occasion.
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While worn frequently in the past, boutonnières are now usually reserved for special occasions for which
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is sometimes seen as a superior alternative to carnations, given its scent and beauty.
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116:) and the stem is held in place with a loop at the back of the lapel. The flower's
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During the 19th century, boutonnières became popular with followers of the
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A History of Men's
Fashion: What the Well Dressed Man is Wearing
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Traditionally, a boutonnière is worn pushed through the lapel
62:(British English) is a floral decoration, typically a single
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299:The Suit: A Machiavellian Approach to Men's Style
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30:A boutonnière worn pinned on the lapel of a
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16:Small floral arrangement worn on the lapel
155:began to incorporate this style as well.
112:(on the left, the same side as a pocket
356:"Academic dress | University of Oxford"
212:
53:
7:
101:are worn more often than flowers on
3374:Global trade of secondhand clothing
14:
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391:
297:Antongiavanni, Nicholas (2006).
284:"The History of the Boutonniere"
19:For the medical condition, see
41:Young men wearing boutonnières
1:
255:"What if you only have £200?"
178:The flower itself is often a
1335:Wedding vow renewal ceremony
253:Mahon, Thomas (2005-07-28).
223:Boehlke, Will (2007-01-07).
261:. Section 3. Archived from
3469:
3384:List of individual dresses
18:
3407:
2454:
1388:
862:"Indian" Wedding Blessing
482:Marriage proposal planner
441:
326:Storey, Nicholas (2008).
1290:Maiden and married names
1216:United States and Canada
85:is standard, such as at
225:"What's in your lapel?"
3389:Reconstructed clothing
1128:Saint Thomas Christian
42:
34:
1310:Self-uniting marriage
40:
29:
21:Boutonniere deformity
3330:Environmental impact
755:Wedding ring cushion
400:at Wikimedia Commons
334:. pp. 160–163.
195:University of Oxford
66:or bud, worn on the
55:[bu.tɔ.njɛʁ]
3441:Fashion accessories
3436:Ceremonial clothing
3417:Clothing portal
1325:Wedding anniversary
1056:Pre-wedding customs
958:Wedding cake topper
932:Wedding videography
922:Wedding photography
892:Pounded rice ritual
590:Western dress codes
332:Pen and Sword Books
229:A Suitable Wardrobe
1259:Honeymoon registry
1016:Anand Karaj (Sikh)
537:Stag and doe party
532:Bachelorette party
522:Wedding invitation
398:Buttonhole flowers
43:
35:
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3394:Right to clothing
3318:Halloween costume
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3261:black lounge suit
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2213:
1348:
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1340:Womanless wedding
1320:Knobstick wedding
1224:England and Wales
948:Wedding breakfast
927:Wedding reception
867:Jumping the broom
647:
646:
625:Black lounge suit
497:Banns of marriage
487:Marriage proposal
396:Media related to
341:978-1-84468-037-5
312:978-0-06-089186-2
160:Romantic movement
3458:
3415:
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3399:Vintage clothing
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3172:Pocket protector
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2412:Bodysuit, infant
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2084:formal, informal
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1919:Ceremonial dress
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1330:Wedding crashing
1171:Vőfély (Hungary)
1143:Vőfély (Hungary)
847:Bedding ceremony
794:child bridegroom
586:
547:Rehearsal dinner
542:Marriage license
517:Engagement party
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231:. Archived from
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902:Trash the dress
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502:Wedding planner
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305:. p. 163.
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1036:Bengali Hindu
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917:Wedding March
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852:Bridal Chorus
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735:Lebes Gamikos
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608:Morning dress
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512:Bridal shower
510:
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303:HarperCollins
300:
293:
290:
285:
279:
276:
265:on 2007-09-22
264:
260:
256:
249:
246:
235:on 2008-10-14
234:
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206:
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97:.) Nowadays,
96:
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88:
84:
79:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
56:
48:
39:
33:
32:dinner jacket
28:
22:
3357:Fur clothing
3177:Pocket watch
3111:
2498:British Warm
2473:Chesterfield
2384:boxer shorts
2379:boxer briefs
2111:little black
1764:Bell-bottoms
1734:sweater vest
1264:Consummation
1046:Brunei Malay
968:Groom's cake
963:Cookie table
953:Wedding cake
907:Unity candle
769:Participants
760:Wishing well
740:Wedding cord
707:
689:Opera gloves
674:Evening gown
662:Bridal crown
657:Contemporary
568:Gretna Green
374:
363:. Retrieved
360:www.ox.ac.uk
359:
350:
327:
321:
298:
292:
278:
267:. Retrieved
263:the original
258:
248:
237:. Retrieved
233:the original
228:
199:
192:
177:
168:
164:
157:
153:
147:
145:
136:
114:handkerchief
107:
80:
59:
46:
44:
3256:Semi-formal
3222:Dress codes
3112:Boutonnière
3094:Accessories
2973:Swim diaper
2968:Swim briefs
2933:Boardshorts
2853:Windbreaker
2614:Suit jacket
2609:Mess jacket
2503:Guards Coat
2422:See-through
2186:Romper suit
1560:Neck gaiter
1555:Neckerchief
1409:Terminology
1196:Philippines
1148:Zoroastrian
1007:By religion
887:Polterabend
877:Money dance
857:First dance
842:Ahesta Bero
811:Flower girl
782:child bride
615:Semi-formal
475:Pre-wedding
456:Handfasting
259:English Cut
148:boutonnière
83:formal wear
76:suit jacket
47:boutonnière
3430:Categories
3197:Suspenders
3192:Sunglasses
3127:Cummerbund
3117:Coin purse
3021:Flip-flops
3016:Dress shoe
3011:Dress boot
3006:Court shoe
2953:Rash guard
2900:Nightshirt
2774:Harrington
2732:pellegrina
2592:Frock coat
2585:Suit coats
2574:Mackintosh
2515:Over-frock
2374:Underpants
2323:Undershirt
2196:Shirtdress
2037:boilersuit
1934:diplomatic
1896:Yoga pants
1886:Sweatpants
1799:High water
1794:Go-to-hell
1687:sleeveless
1640:halterneck
1630:cache-cœur
1550:Lavallière
1404:Technology
1158:By country
1009:or culture
998:Place card
993:Loving cup
835:Traditions
801:Bridesmaid
789:Bridegroom
492:Engagement
446:Collective
365:2020-07-22
269:2007-09-25
239:2008-09-24
207:References
186:. A white
184:cornflower
110:buttonhole
99:lapel pins
60:buttonhole
3446:Floristry
3266:black tie
3249:white tie
3157:Jewellery
3074:Pantyhose
2948:One-piece
2895:Nightgown
2867:Nightwear
2705:Inverness
2700:ferraiolo
2525:shadbelly
2493:Greatcoat
2460:Overcoats
2447:outerwear
2293:Underwear
2248:Miniskirt
2233:Ballerina
2150:Strapless
2128:debutante
2123:ball gown
2101:Coatdress
2042:cleanroom
2000:Religious
1995:Political
1891:Windpants
1829:Parachute
1746:Waistcoat
1724:polo neck
1285:Elopement
1251:Honeymoon
1206:Sri Lanka
1031:Ayyavazhi
826:Officiant
816:Groomsman
806:Bridesman
730:Las arras
684:Debutante
679:Ball gown
620:Black tie
603:White tie
573:Las Vegas
556:Locations
451:Elopement
180:carnation
146:The word
3273:Informal
3202:Umbrella
3147:Headband
3122:Cufflink
3079:Stocking
3064:Hold-ups
2993:Footwear
2943:Monokini
2938:Dry suit
2915:Swimwear
2890:Negligee
2880:Babygrow
2875:Babydoll
2843:Ski suit
2826:bathrobe
2806:Lab coat
2784:mackinaw
2727:mozzetta
2717:monastic
2678:pinafore
2641:Tailcoat
2569:Raincoat
2349:Leggings
2318:Camisole
2298:lingerie
2206:Sundress
2106:Cocktail
2091:Backless
2032:Workwear
2015:vestment
2010:clerical
1990:Pantsuit
1956:Military
1951:Jumpsuit
1946:Jodhpuri
1924:academic
1911:uniforms
1881:Slim-fit
1869:hotpants
1819:Overalls
1814:Jodhpurs
1756:Trousers
1709:guernsey
1704:cardigan
1645:tube top
1635:crop top
1527:Neckwear
1502:Kerchief
1443:baseball
1425:Headwear
1414:Timeline
1399:Industry
1382:Clothing
1300:Newlywed
1229:Scotland
1191:Pakistan
1166:Ethiopia
1138:Timorese
1093:Mandaean
1063:Catholic
872:Lychgate
821:Page boy
632:Informal
582:Clothing
461:Same-sex
435:Weddings
188:gardenia
91:weddings
3369:Fursuit
3335:Fashion
3308:Costume
3291:Related
3231:Western
3152:Handbag
3137:Glasses
3132:Gaiters
3102:Armband
3051:Legwear
3041:Sneaker
3036:Slipper
2983:Wetsuit
2928:Burkini
2905:Pajamas
2789:Norfolk
2779:leather
2744:Cut-off
2690:Cagoule
2685:Blouson
2651:morning
2624:smoking
2597:bekishe
2554:Paletot
2354:Panties
2263:Rah-rah
2258:Prairie
2155:Wedding
2140:Prairie
2118:Evening
2069:Dresses
2005:cassock
1971:service
1874:running
1859:dolphin
1854:dycling
1849:Bermuda
1824:Palazzo
1804:Lowrise
1769:Bondage
1739:twinset
1699:Sweater
1652:Cycling
1565:Necktie
1480:homburg
1394:History
1241:Vietnam
1234:history
1211:Ukraine
1176:Iceland
1118:Punjabi
1108:Persian
1078:Islamic
1051:Chinese
988:Korovai
897:Pyebaek
725:Chuppah
719:Objects
701:Garters
200:subfusc
193:At the
174:Flowers
142:History
129:⁄
95:corsage
51:French:
3278:Casual
3239:Formal
3207:Wallet
3162:Livery
3142:Gloves
3084:Tights
3069:Garter
3026:Sandal
2978:Trunks
2923:Bikini
2816:Poncho
2801:Jerkin
2794:safari
2769:goggle
2764:flight
2754:Jacket
2739:Coatee
2712:Mantle
2629:sports
2619:Blazer
2537:Ulster
2532:Trench
2520:Riding
2488:Duster
2483:Duffel
2478:Covert
2389:briefs
2339:Diaper
2332:Bottom
2268:Sarong
2253:Pencil
2228:A-line
2220:Skirts
2191:Sheath
2181:Jumper
2169:Casual
2057:scrubs
2047:hazmat
2027:Prison
2022:School
1983:combat
1976:sailor
1844:Shorts
1789:Formal
1719:jersey
1714:hoodie
1677:Henley
1662:Mantle
1625:Blouse
1607:Tippet
1590:school
1585:kipper
1540:Choker
1512:Turban
1492:Helmet
1475:fedora
1470:bowler
1465:boater
1201:Russia
1133:Shinto
1123:Quaker
1098:Mormon
1088:Jewish
1068:Hajong
912:Walima
709:Casual
598:Formal
338:
309:
72:tuxedo
64:flower
3362:types
3212:Watch
3187:Spats
2958:Sling
2838:Shawl
2811:Parka
2749:Gilet
2722:royal
2673:Apron
2666:Other
2646:dress
2602:rekel
2547:opera
2542:Cloak
2510:Greca
2441:Coats
2427:Teddy
2369:Thong
2273:Skort
2243:Men's
2238:Denim
2176:House
2135:Plain
2074:gowns
2052:space
1929:court
1906:Suits
1809:Jeans
1784:Chaps
1779:Cargo
1774:Capri
1729:shrug
1672:dress
1667:Shirt
1657:Kurta
1602:Scarf
1595:stock
1570:ascot
1535:Bands
1433:Beret
1273:Other
1181:India
1073:Hindu
882:Music
777:Bride
669:Dress
466:White
118:calyx
87:proms
70:of a
68:lapel
58:) or
3379:Laws
3182:Sash
3167:Muff
3107:Belt
3059:Sock
3031:Shoe
3001:Boot
2821:Robe
2759:down
2695:Cape
2634:Teba
2564:Polo
2400:Full
2364:Slip
2296:and
2283:Wrap
2278:Tutu
2201:Slip
2160:Wrap
2072:and
1966:mess
1961:full
1941:Folk
1839:Phat
1682:polo
1617:Tops
1575:bolo
1517:Veil
1507:Mask
1497:Hood
1453:knit
1448:flat
1103:Odia
1083:Iyer
1026:Ayie
1021:Arab
637:Suit
336:ISBN
307:ISBN
89:and
2559:Pea
2468:Car
2444:and
2313:Bra
2306:Top
1908:and
1864:gym
1580:bow
1485:top
1460:Hat
1438:Cap
74:or
3432::
358:.
330:.
301:.
257:.
227:.
215:^
105:.
78:.
45:A
1692:T
1374:e
1367:t
1360:v
427:e
420:t
413:v
368:.
344:.
315:.
286:.
272:.
242:.
131:8
127:1
124:+
122:1
49:(
23:.
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