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in March 1920. The restoration work was carried out on site under the direction of Kurt Kluge. For this purpose, the quadriga was encased in a wooden structure. Berliners spoke of the "highest horse stable in Berlin", but regardless of the weather, the work could be carried out in the dry without any
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family, from 1814 to 1919. The Kaiser granted this honour to the family in gratitude to Ernst von Pfuel, who had overseen the return of the quadriga to the top of the gate. In addition, the central archway was also used by the coaches of ambassadors on the single occasion of their presenting their
838:(then in Prussia, now Poland), who was appointed head court architect ("Oberhofbauampt", or Court Superintendent of Buildings) in 1788. Though he had designed many Neoclassical buildings, this was his first significant work in the Greek style, and his last major one; by 1792 he had designed a small
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used fire extinguishers to spray paint the
Brandenburg Gate's columns orange. The Last Generation is known for their unorthodox protest tactics, including gluing themselves to roads to block traffic. The mayor of Berlin, Kai Wegner, condemned the tactics, saying they "go beyond legitimate forms of
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or "Festival of
Freedom" on the evening of 9 November 2009. The high point of the celebrations was when over 1000 colourfully designed foam domino tiles, each over 2.5 metres (8 ft 2 in) tall, were lined up along the route of the former wall through the city centre. The domino "wall" was
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On 21 September 1956, the East Berlin magistrates decided to restore the only surviving but damaged former city gate. Despite heated arguments and mutual accusations, both parts of Berlin worked together on the restoration. The holes were patched, but were visible for many years. The quadriga was
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and was one of the damaged structures still standing in the
Pariser Platz ruins in 1945 (another being the Academy of Fine Arts). The gate was badly damaged with holes in the columns from bullets and nearby explosions. One horse's head from the original quadriga survived, and is today kept in the
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On 13 August 2011, Germany marked the 50th anniversary of the day the Berlin Wall began construction with a memorial service and a minute of silence in memory of those who died trying to flee to the West. "It is our shared responsibility to keep the memory alive and to pass it on to the coming
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The
Brandenburg Gate was privately refurbished on 21 December 2000, at a cost of €6 million. It was once again opened on 3 October 2002 following extensive refurbishment, for the 12th anniversary of German reunification. On this occasion, the Berlin office of Kardorff Ingenieure developed a new
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ascended to power, they used the gate as a party symbol. As part of Berlin's transformation into the so-called "world capital
Germania", the gate was located on the east–west axis. A seven-kilometer-long section between the Brandenburg Gate and Adolf-Hitler-Platz (today
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occurred and the wall was demolished, the gate symbolized freedom and the desire to unify the city of Berlin. Thousands of people gathered at the wall to celebrate its fall on 9 November 1989. On 22 December 1989, the
Brandenburg Gate border crossing was reopened when
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of the gate mostly, but not entirely, follows Greek precedents, which had recently become much better understood by the publication of careful illustrated records. The Greek Doric does not have bases to the columns, and the fluting here follows the Greek style for
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protest." The mayor went on to say, "With these actions, this group is not only damaging the historic
Brandenburg Gate, but also our free discourse about the important issues of our time and future." Berlin police detained 14 people connected to the vandalism.
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avenue to the west, is also one of the large public areas in Berlin where over a million people can gather to watch stage shows or party together, watch major sport events shown on huge screens, or see fireworks at midnight on New Year's Eve. After winning the
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Willmuth Arenhövel, Rolf Bothe (Hrsg.): Das
Brandenburger Tor 1791–1991. Eine Monographie. Mit Beiträgen von Laurenz Demps, Sibylle Einholz, Dominik Bartmann u. a. 2. verb. Auflage. Willmuth Arenhövel Verlag für Kunst- und Kulturgeschichte, Berlin 1991, ISBN
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510:. This faces into the city centre. It is the first quadriga group to be made since antiquity, made from copper sheets hammered in moulds; fortunately these moulds were kept, as they would be used more than once to renew the sculpture.
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around 1670 and its inclusion in Berlin's city fortifications, a first gate was built on the site, approximately at the level of today's
Schadowstraße, consisting of a breach through the raised wall and a drawbridge over the dug moat.
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After 1900, due to weathering and environmental damage, smaller and larger pieces of stone began to fall from the gate. Comprehensive renovation work began in 1913, which had to be interrupted by the outbreak of
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General
Secretary Gorbachev, if you seek peace, if you seek prosperity for the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, if you seek liberalization: Come here to this gate! Mr. Gorbachev, open this gate! Mr. Gorbachev,
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delay. The numerous sandstone reliefs were restored and partially renovated under the artistic direction of Wilhelm Wandschneider, who remodeled one of the centaur metopes with a different motif.
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933:, Napoleon was the first to use the Brandenburg Gate for a triumphal procession, and took its quadriga to Paris. After Napoleon's defeat in 1814 and the Prussian occupation of Paris by General
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The quadriga faces east, as it did when it was originally installed in 1793. Only the royal family was allowed to pass through the central archway, as well as members of the
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had been very complete, but almost fatality-free, so the name seemed justified. Frederick William II had restored his brother-in-law to power in the Netherlands. But the
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was in his early forties when he came to the throne in 1786. He was determined to establish his capital of Berlin as a cultural centre. The military triumphs of his uncle
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The central portion is flanked by L-shaped wings on either side, at a lower height, but using the same Doric order. Next to, and parallel with, the gate these are open "
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completely recreated based on a plaster cast from 1942; the reconstruction was carried out by the sculptor Otto Schnitzer and the traditional foundry Hermann Noack in
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On 2–3 October 1990, the Brandenburg Gate was the scene of the official ceremony to mark the reunification of Germany. At the stroke of midnight on 3 October, the
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On the night of 5 January 2015, the lights illuminating the gate were completely shut off in protest against a protest held by far-right anti-Islamic group
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said. German Chancellor Angela Merkel—who grew up behind the wall in Germany's communist eastern part—also attended the commemoration. German President
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had led to further significant damage, particularly to the quadriga. Indeed, the gate was used as a firing position by government troops during both the
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for the new role of the Brandenburg Gate as a Prussian triumphal arch. The goddess, now definitely Victoria, was equipped with the Prussian eagle and
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columns, six to each side, forming five passageways. There are also walls between the pairs of columns at front and back, decorated with classicizing
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that is plain apart from wide steps at the sides receding in both directions, leading, on the east side only, to a large allegorical relief of the
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An early 19th-century engraving comparing the recently constructed Brandenburg Gate to (an imagined restoration of) its historical model: the
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generations as a reminder to stand up for freedom and democracy to ensure that such injustice may never happen again," Berlin Mayor
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The side wings have plain metopes, and simple angled roofs, ending in gable pediments with a small circular relief in the tympanum.
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added, "It has been shown once again: Freedom is invincible at the end. No wall can permanently withstand the desire for freedom."
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at the then newly opened Brandenburg Gate. In the concluding choral movement of the symphony, the "Ode to Joy", the word
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807:, Paris or London. His uncle's tastes had been those typical of his generation, drawing on French classicism and English
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sent the Dutch royal couple into exile in 1795, the first of many political upheavals throughout the gate's history.
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spoke to the West Berlin populace at the Brandenburg Gate, demanding the razing of the Berlin Wall. Addressing the
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visited the Brandenburg Gate. The Soviets hung large red banners across it to prevent him looking into East Berlin.
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The Brandenburg Gate has played different political roles in German history. After the 1806 Prussian defeat at the
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The Brandenburg Gate is now again closed to vehicle traffic, and much of the Pariser Platz has been turned into a
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inner-city park. The gate also forms the monumental entry to Unter den Linden, which leads directly to the former
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spoke at the Gate about nuclear arms reduction and the recently revealed U.S. internet surveillance activities.
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a power that could not be ignored in European politics, but Berlin lacked the monuments and cultural life of
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Vehicles and pedestrians could travel freely through the gate until the day after construction began on the
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and a century before today's Brandenburg Gate was constructed, Berlin was a small walled city within a
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Throughout its existence, the Brandenburg Gate was often a site for major historical events. After
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On 25 December 1989, less than two months after the Berlin Wall began to come down, the conductor
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lighting concept that emphasises the gate as the most important building on the Pariser Platz.
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In the 1980s, decrying the existence of two German states and two Berlins, West Berlin mayor
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in Potsdam. The gate was the first element of a "new Athens on the river Spree" by Langhans.
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After Germany's surrender at the end of the war, the Brandenburg Gate was located in the
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The Brandenburg Gate became the main venue for the 20th-anniversary celebrations of the
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began while construction was underway, and only a few years after it was completed, the
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and others were kept away from the gate, which they could view only from this distance.
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208:. One of the best-known landmarks of Germany, it was erected on the site of a former
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flew from a flagpole atop the gate from 1945 until 1957, when it was replaced by an
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in 1990, it has been considered not only a symbol of the tumultuous histories of
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said: "The German Question is open as long as the Brandenburg Gate is closed."
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The Great War Diaries: Breathtaking Colour Photographs from a World Torn Apart
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The Brandenburg Gate is located in the western part of the city centre within
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Soviet troops raising the Red Banner on the quadriga after the fall of Berlin
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With the expansion of Dorotheenstadt to the west and the construction of the
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2583:"Lights off at Brandenburg Gate", 5 January 2015, retrieved 20 November 2015
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With the Pariser Platz in 2005, following restoration and pedestrianization
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between the flutes, and rounded ends to the top and bottom of flutes. The
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2391:""Berlin is free!" President Clinton Brandenburg Gate, Berlin. July 1994"
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View without the quadriga, 1813. It was restored after Napoleon's defeat.
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Frederick William II summoned new German architects to Berlin, including
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2544:"Obama calls for reduction in nuclear arms in broad-brush Berlin speech"
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Floor plan of the Brandenburg Gate in its original (reconstructed) state
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2327:"Remarks on East-West Relations at the Brandenburg Gate in West Berlin"
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607: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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The central portion of the gate draws from the tradition of the Roman
220:. The current structure was built from 1788 to 1791 by orders of King
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2669:"Climate activists spray Berlin's Brandenburg Gate with orange paint"
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noted that the gate was not illuminated in Russian colours after the
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standard with a crowned Imperial eagle perched on top, rather than a
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The new (current) Brandenburg Gate in 1796, following reconstruction
2294:"Berlin feiert am Brandenburger Tor ins neue Jahr 2013 (in German)"
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spoke at the Brandenburg Gate about peace in post–Cold War Europe.
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2353:"Remembering Reagan's "Tear Down This Wall" speech 25 years later"
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The old Brandenburg Gate in a 1764 engraving, 30 years before its
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2607:"Berlin: Für St. Petersburg leuchtet das Brandenburger Tor nicht"
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Anti-islamization rally in Germany met with countrywide protests
2517:"Reflecting on the Berlin Wall, 50 Years After Its Construction"
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Illuminations for expressions of solidarity of the German people
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as part of the 20th anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall.
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and was not completed until 1926. Meanwhile, the events of the
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In February 2022, the gate was lit up with the colours of the
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This article is about the gate in Berlin. For other uses, see
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facilitated the growth of the city. With the construction of
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fighting men. Statues in niches at the furthest side wall of
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1828:. Willmuth Arenhövel, Berlin 1991, ISBN 3-922912-26-5, p. 20
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General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
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The Oxford Handbook of Theology and Modern European Thought
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to the east, while to the immediate west it opens onto the
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National Monuments and Nationalism in 19th Century Germany
1897:. Senatsverwaltung für Stadtentwicklung und Umwelt, Berlin
2622:"In pictures: Europe celebrates Ukraine Independence Day"
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from the original on 6 November 2021 – via YouTube.
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The Berlin Wall in front of the gate, shortly before its
2373:"Lessons from Reagan after "Tear down this wall" speech"
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1953:
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363:, although in style it is one of the first examples of
819:(1770–71) was a much smaller monument, poised between
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Brandenburg Gate: Symbol of Division, Unity, Freedom
2166:(Kindle, 2014 ed.). London: Penguin Books Ltd.
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2435:"Fall of the Berlin Wall [slides/captions]"
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3169:Prussian National Monument for the Liberation Wars
2565:Bärgida und Gegendemonstration beendet (in German)
1519:walked through the Brandenburg Gate with Russia's
407:, which was in force until 1860, or "gatehouses".
2647:"World marks Ukraine's Independence Day amid war"
1826:Das Brandenburger Tor 1791–1991. Eine Monographie
212:that marked the start of the road from Berlin to
1811:Henschel, Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-89487-215-2, S. 24
2491:"Germany Marks Construction of the Berlin Wall"
2465:"Germany marks 50th anniversary of Berlin Wall"
1581:was also held in front of the gate on the 31st
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1274:held their victory rally in front of the gate.
904:Synopsis of two cross sections of the gate, by
2136:. Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-8148-0076-1, S. 75.
1660:activists with orange paint, 17 September 2023
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2542:Roberts, Dan; Connolly, Kate (19 June 2013).
2519:. History.com. 11 August 2011. Archived from
2274:(in German). Kulturprojekte Berlin GmbH. 2009
1809:Der Pariser Platz. Der Empfangssalon Berlins.
1642:during a solidarity protest, 24 February 2022
1067:In 1945, damaged state just after the end of
502:, the Roman goddess of victory, and given an
423:columns, with flat fillets rather than sharp
8:
3463:1791 establishments in the Holy Roman Empire
2596:, 5 January 2015, retrieved 20 November 2015
2567:, 5 January 2015, retrieved 20 November 2015
2405:"Germany Celebrates Fall of the Berlin Wall"
2152:, 20th year, issue 10 (20 May 1939), p. 255.
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1185:troops line up along the border, August 1961
494:, the Greek goddess of peace, but after the
367:in Germany. The gate is supported by twelve
236:crowning the gate is a work by the sculptor
2134:Das Brandenburger Tor. Ein deutsches Symbol
1877:, "The Making of the Modern Metropolis" in
3458:Buildings and structures completed in 1791
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2581:Licht aus am Brandenburger Tor (in German)
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1285:. It is also the usual finish line of the
1279:2009 IAAF World Championships in Athletics
945:on her lance with a wreath of oak leaves.
921:Soldiers firing round the quadriga in the
692:with its eighteen gates, around 1855. The
267:begins. One block to the north stands the
228:, based on designs by the royal architect
38:
667:Learn how and when to remove this message
2239:"Berlin: Generalprobe am Reißverschluss"
1916:Das Brandenburger Tor und sein Geheimnis
1881:, p. 68., Oxford University Press, 2013.
1251:then toppled in stages converging here.
1027:In 1871 with decorations and victorious
2948:Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe
2309:"Dramatic Scenes – Berlin Riots (1953)"
2075:Dedio, Florian; Dedio, Gunnar (2013). "
1895:"Denkmale in Berlin. Brandenburger Tor"
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1052:in June 1945, after the fall of Berlin
3473:Greek Revival architecture in Germany
1699:List of tourist attractions in Berlin
1407:at the Brandenburg Gate, 12 June 1987
1325:Seen from the rooftop terrace of the
1301:Traffic through the gate in the 1990s
1283:2018 European Athletics Championships
728:Tor, St. Georgen Tor, Stralower Tor,
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7:
2296:. Berliner Morgenpost. 4 March 2007.
2146:Umgestaltung des Brandenburger Tores
1357:speaking at the gate section of the
1277:It has also hosted street events at
605:adding citations to reliable sources
312:, the gateway was obstructed by the
3478:Neoclassical architecture in Berlin
2021:(in German). Karl Blessing Verlag.
1564:2017 Saint Petersburg Metro bombing
1503:black-red-gold flag of West Germany
849:The gate was originally called the
772:. The gate system consisted of two
3468:Classicist architecture in Germany
2497:. Associated Press. 13 August 2011
696:(Brandenburg Gate) is on the left.
277:), and further to the west is the
25:
3413:Monuments and memorials in Berlin
3408:Buildings and structures in Mitte
2724:A History of Western Architecture
2441:. 9 November 2009. Archived from
2411:. 9 November 2009. Archived from
1261:. The gate, along with the broad
1170:near the gate, Summer/Autumn 1961
271:, home to the German parliament (
32:Brandenburg Gate (disambiguation)
27:Triumphal arch in Berlin, Germany
3332:Sachsenhausen concentration camp
3230:Berlin-Hohenschönhausen Memorial
3060:
2726:. London: Barrie & Jenkins.
2132:Michael S. Cullen, Uwe Kieling:
1683:
1631:
1612:
1593:
1575:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
1542:On 19 June 2013, U.S. President
1508:On 12 July 1994, U.S. President
1449:On 12 June 1987, U.S. President
1415:Problems playing this file? See
1393:
1333:
1318:
1306:
1294:
1190:
1175:
1159:
1139:, and remains in place in 2024.
1020:
1008:
983:
897:
885:
873:
581:
553:
537:
518:
471:were added in the 19th century.
54:
3483:Frederick William II of Prussia
2620:Askew, Joshua (2 August 2022).
2307:British Pathé (13 April 2014).
2164:The Bombing War, Europe 1939–45
1964:. Silver, Burdett. p. 188.
1932:"Deutsches Historisches Museum"
1619:Lit up with the colours of the
1600:Lit up with the colours of the
1515:On 9 November 2009, Chancellor
793:Frederick William II of Prussia
744:, and status as capital of the
592:needs additional citations for
153:
3139:Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church
2194:. Hamburg: Hoffman und Campe.
2015:Müller, Titus (28 July 2016).
1272:Germany national football team
858:military victory it celebrated
768:as a city gate on the road to
740:. Relative peace, a policy of
560:Side view, showing one of the
435:follows Greek precedent, with
232:. The bronze sculpture of the
189:[ˈbʁandn̩ˌbʊʁɡɐˈtoːɐ̯]
1:
3443:Tourist attractions in Berlin
3433:Terminating vistas in Germany
2953:Monument to Freedom and Unity
2884:Deutsches Historisches Museum
2649:. Daily Sabah. 25 August 2022
2050:"225 Jahre Brandenburger Tor"
1664:On 17 September 2023, German
1638:Lit up in the colours of the
1361:on 12 June 1987, challenging
1040:Nazi Germany and World War II
992:Entry of Napoleon into Berlin
913:19th and early 20th centuries
3154:Museum Europäischer Kulturen
2698:Pohlsander, Hans A. (2008).
2192:Der Aufstand – 17. Juni 1953
2079:, Germany, before the war".
1822:Zur Baugeschichte des Tores.
1340:Brandenburg Gate August 2024
1125:East German uprising of 1953
216:, the former capital of the
3448:National symbols of Germany
3423:Triumphal arches in Germany
1606:November 2015 Paris attacks
1583:Independence Day of Ukraine
788:18th-century reconstruction
3499:
3129:Haus der Kulturen der Welt
2753:Events at Brandenburg Gate
1494:("Joy") was replaced with
724:with several named gates:
716:(1688), shortly after the
365:Greek Revival architecture
218:Margraviate of Brandenburg
29:
3345:
3058:
1981:Pocket Rough Guide Berlin
1715:– a similar structure in
1706:– a similar structure in
1281:and repeated its role in
1123:. In connection with the
825:Neoclassical architecture
255:. The gate dominates the
69:
53:
46:
3438:Heritage sites in Berlin
3114:Freie Universität Berlin
3099:Berlin Zoological Garden
3003:Vorderasiatisches Museum
2471:. London. 13 August 2011
1962:The World and Its People
1934:. Dhm.de. Archived from
1668:who call themselves the
1435:In 1963, U.S. President
997:Battle of Jena-Auerstedt
973:of January 1919 and the
931:Battle of Jena-Auerstedt
770:Brandenburg an der Havel
714:King Frederick William I
564:at the sides of the gate
484:Johann Gottfried Schadow
238:Johann Gottfried Schadow
214:Brandenburg an der Havel
3453:Prussian cultural sites
3428:Berlin border crossings
2795:Visitor attractions in
2243:Der Tagesspiegel Online
2162:Overy, Richard (2013).
1975:Sullivan, Paul (2016).
1960:Dunton, Larkin (1742).
1248:fall of the Berlin Wall
939:Karl Friedrich Schinkel
823:and a Roman-influenced
328:, but also of European
163:Design and construction
3174:Schloss Charlottenburg
3159:Natural History Museum
3037:St. Hedwig's Cathedral
1661:
1625:2016 Brussels bombings
1472:
1444:Richard von Weizsäcker
1380:
1370:
1219:
1113:Soviet occupation zone
1079:
1071:
1053:
926:
906:Carl Gotthard Langhans
852:
832:Carl Gotthard Langhans
776:pylons decorated with
761:
709:
697:
525:Frontal view with the
356:
230:Carl Gotthard Langhans
184:
172:Carl Gotthard Langhans
3240:German-Russian Museum
2998:Museum of Islamic Art
1655:
1379:
1353:
1214:
1077:
1066:
1047:
920:
856:or "Peace Gate"; the
703:
687:
529:looking west towards
453:Doric corner conflict
388:, the gateway to the
347:
247:, at the junction of
200:) is an 18th-century
3418:Landmarks in Germany
3312:Charlottenhof Palace
3144:Kaufhaus des Westens
3047:Topography of Terror
2983:Oranienburger Straße
2835:Berlin Wall Memorial
2825:Alte Nationalgalerie
2758:24 July 2019 at the
2272:"20 Jahre Mauerfall"
2091:Penguin Random House
1985:Penguin Random House
1482:in a version of the
1367:tear down this wall!
1237:officially reunified
1137:German Reunification
732:Tor, Neues Tor, and
601:improve this article
318:German reunification
222:Frederick William II
147:Construction started
3370:Transport in Berlin
3327:Potsdam Roman Baths
3304:Metropolitan region
3292:Soviet War Memorial
3179:Soviet War Memorial
2928:Humboldt University
2675:. 27 September 2023
2469:The Daily Telegraph
2333:on 15 November 2015
2226:Haus der Geschichte
1798:, p. 176, 180.
1480:Berlin Philharmonic
1468:tear down this wall
1403:Complete speech by
1388:Tear down this wall
1268:2014 FIFA World Cup
1263:Straße des 17. Juni
1224:Revolutions of 1989
1166:Aerial view of the
1089:Theodor-Heuss-Platz
1033:Franco-Prussian War
971:Spartacist uprising
967:November Revolution
955:letters of credence
923:Spartacist uprising
866:Batavian Revolution
797:Frederick the Great
758:Berlin Customs Wall
742:religious tolerance
690:Berlin Customs Wall
531:Straße des 17. Juni
405:Berlin Customs Wall
390:Acropolis of Athens
381:Labours of Hercules
354:Acropolis of Athens
265:Straße des 17. Juni
131:52.5163°N 13.3777°E
127: /
87:Architectural style
74:General information
3119:Gas Lantern Museum
3092:Bundespräsidialamt
3010:Platz der Republik
2867:Checkpoint Charlie
2523:on 25 January 2013
2445:on 27 October 2010
2415:on 29 October 2010
1977:"Brandenburg Gate"
1865:, p. 354–355.
1771:, p. 356–357.
1742:"Brandenburg Gate"
1662:
1381:
1371:
1327:Reichstag building
1220:
1148:Barbed Wire Sunday
1099:collection of the
1094:The gate survived
1080:
1072:
1054:
995:in 1806 after the
927:
801:Kingdom of Prussia
746:Kingdom of Prussia
710:
698:
694:Brandenburger Thor
616:"Brandenburg Gate"
357:
269:Reichstag building
261:Platz des 18. März
3390:
3389:
3235:East Side Gallery
3194:Tempelhof Airport
3104:Botanical Gardens
3042:Staatsoper Berlin
2933:Kronprinzenpalais
2711:978-3-03-911352-1
2173:978-0-141-92782-4
1666:climate activists
1579:candlelight vigil
1521:Mikhail Gorbachev
1476:Leonard Bernstein
1459:Mikhail Gorbachev
1398:
1363:Mikhail Gorbachev
1346:Political history
1239:in October 1990.
1101:Märkisches Museum
1064:
1031:troops after the
862:French Revolution
842:building for the
718:Thirty Years' War
677:
676:
669:
651:
498:was rebranded as
293:museum), and the
289:(now housing the
287:Prussian monarchs
263:beyond which the
185:Brandenburger Tor
177:
176:
48:Brandenburger Tor
18:Brandenburger Tor
16:(Redirected from
3490:
3403:Gates in Germany
3189:Tauentzienstraße
3064:
3052:Unter den Linden
2911:Hackescher Markt
2862:Brandenburg Gate
2789:
2782:
2775:
2766:
2748:Official website
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2018:Berlin Feuerland
2012:
2006:
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1966:
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1920:Der Tagesspiegel
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480:Triumph of Peace
295:Berlin Cathedral
249:Unter den Linden
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136:52.5163; 13.3777
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64:on the east side
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3322:Orangery Palace
3298:
3282:Tierpark Berlin
3272:Oberbaum Bridge
3250:Köpenick Palace
3245:Karl-Marx-Allee
3218:
3184:Spandau Citadel
3087:Bellevue Palace
3082:Aquarium Berlin
3065:
3056:
3015:Potsdamer Platz
2993:Pergamon Museum
2894:Friedrichstraße
2799:
2793:
2760:Wayback Machine
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2379:. 12 June 2012.
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2361:. 12 June 2012.
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2150:Verkehrstechnik
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2121:Pohlsander 2008
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2101:
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2056:. 4 August 2016
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2029:
2014:
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2009:
1999:
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1939:
1938:on 24 June 2013
1930:
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1807:Laurenz Demps:
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1796:Pohlsander 2008
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1784:Pohlsander 2008
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1679:
1670:Last Generation
1658:Last Generation
1650:
1643:
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1627:
1617:
1608:
1598:
1556:In April 2017,
1537:Christian Wulff
1461:, Reagan said,
1437:John F. Kennedy
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1001:Charles Meynier
988:
935:Ernst von Pfuel
915:
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902:
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890:
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790:
766:Philipp Gerlach
712:In the time of
682:
673:
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610:
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598:
586:
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569:
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548:and bas-reliefs
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3204:Victory Column
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3070:Western Berlin
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2704:. Peter Lang.
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2123:, p. 180.
2113:
2099:
2093:. p. 50.
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2007:
1993:
1987:. p. 72.
1967:
1949:
1923:
1908:
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1853:, p. 356.
1840:
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1484:Ninth Symphony
1478:conducted the
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3134:Jewish Museum
3132:
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3109:Europa-Center
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3078:
3077:Allied Museum
3075:
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3068:
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3032:Rotes Rathaus
3030:
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3013:
3011:
3008:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
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2991:
2989:
2988:Pariser Platz
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2968:Neue Synagoge
2966:
2964:
2963:Neptunbrunnen
2961:
2959:
2958:Museum Island
2956:
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2845:Berlin Palace
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2720:Watkin, David
2717:
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2248:
2245:(in German).
2244:
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2201:3-455-09389-2
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2100:9781448141678
2096:
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2045:
2042:
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2028:9783641125110
2024:
2020:
2019:
2011:
2008:
1996:
1994:9780241254622
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1971:
1968:
1963:
1956:
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1573:, during the
1572:
1567:
1565:
1561:
1560:
1554:
1552:
1547:
1545:
1540:
1538:
1534:
1528:
1526:
1523:and Poland's
1522:
1518:
1517:Angela Merkel
1513:
1511:
1506:
1504:
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1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
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1471:
1469:
1462:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1451:Ronald Reagan
1447:
1445:
1440:
1438:
1433:
1431:
1427:
1420:
1418:
1406:
1405:Ronald Reagan
1390:
1389:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1355:Ronald Reagan
1352:
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1336:
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1114:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1090:
1085:
1076:
1070:
1051:
1050:Pariser Platz
1046:
1039:
1034:
1030:
1023:
1018:
1011:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
993:
986:
981:
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976:
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958:
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944:
940:
936:
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919:
912:
907:
900:
895:
888:
883:
876:
871:
869:
867:
863:
859:
855:
854:
847:
845:
841:
837:
833:
828:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
799:had made the
798:
794:
787:
785:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
754:
751:
747:
743:
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735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
707:
702:
695:
691:
686:
679:
671:
668:
660:
657:December 2019
649:
646:
642:
639:
635:
632:
628:
625:
621:
618: –
617:
613:
612:Find sources:
606:
602:
596:
595:
590:This section
588:
584:
579:
578:
572:
570:
563:
556:
551:
547:
540:
535:
532:
528:
527:Pariser Platz
521:
516:
514:
511:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
472:
470:
466:
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446:
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391:
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362:
355:
351:
346:
339:
337:
335:
331:
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315:
311:
307:
303:
298:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
275:
270:
266:
262:
258:
257:Pariser Platz
254:
250:
246:
241:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
196:
190:
186:
182:
173:
170:
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149:
145:
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112:
110:
106:
102:
99:
95:
92:
89:
85:
81:
77:
72:
68:
63:
62:Pariser Platz
57:
52:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
3277:Stasi Museum
3261:Molecule Man
3259:
3209:Viktoriapark
3124:Hauptbahnhof
2973:Neues Museum
2899:Tränenpalast
2861:
2840:Berliner Dom
2830:Altes Museum
2723:
2700:
2692:Bibliography
2679:17 September
2677:. Retrieved
2672:
2663:
2653:12 September
2651:. Retrieved
2641:
2631:12 September
2629:. Retrieved
2615:
2601:
2588:
2572:
2561:Tagesspiegel
2556:
2548:The Guardian
2547:
2537:
2525:. Retrieved
2521:the original
2511:
2499:. Retrieved
2494:
2485:
2473:. Retrieved
2468:
2459:
2447:. Retrieved
2443:the original
2438:
2429:
2417:. Retrieved
2413:the original
2408:
2399:
2385:
2376:
2367:
2356:
2347:
2335:. Retrieved
2331:the original
2321:
2302:
2288:
2276:. Retrieved
2266:
2254:. Retrieved
2242:
2233:
2215:
2210:
2191:
2182:
2163:
2157:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2133:
2128:
2116:
2104:. Retrieved
2081:
2070:
2058:. Retrieved
2053:
2044:
2032:. Retrieved
2017:
2010:
1998:. Retrieved
1980:
1970:
1961:
1940:. Retrieved
1936:the original
1926:
1919:
1911:
1899:. Retrieved
1878:
1875:Ward, Graham
1870:
1858:
1833:
1825:
1821:
1816:
1808:
1803:
1791:
1749:. Retrieved
1745:
1736:
1663:
1621:Belgian flag
1568:
1557:
1555:
1548:
1544:Barack Obama
1541:
1529:
1514:
1510:Bill Clinton
1507:
1500:
1495:
1491:
1473:
1464:
1448:
1441:
1434:
1423:
1387:
1276:
1253:
1245:
1241:
1221:
1217:fall in 1989
1152:Willy Brandt
1141:
1129:
1110:
1096:World War II
1093:
1081:
1069:World War II
990:
959:
957:to council.
947:
928:
850:
848:
829:
809:Palladianism
791:
755:
737:
711:
706:neoclassical
693:
663:
654:
644:
637:
630:
623:
611:
599:Please help
594:verification
591:
568:
512:
479:
476:attic storey
473:
468:
464:
409:
398:
379:
358:
310:fall in 1989
308:, until its
302:World War II
299:
272:
242:
204:monument in
202:neoclassical
180:
178:
168:Architect(s)
91:Neoclassical
36:
3365:Spree River
3350:Berlin Wall
3267:Müggelberge
3020:Sony Center
2938:Kulturforum
2923:Hotel Adlon
2889:Fernsehturm
2857:Bode Museum
2818:Weltzeituhr
2188:Guido Knopp
1863:Watkin 1986
1851:Watkin 1986
1769:Watkin 1986
1602:French flag
1525:Lech Wałęsa
1426:Soviet flag
1359:Berlin Wall
1256:cobblestone
1233:Hans Modrow
1229:Helmut Kohl
1183:East German
1168:Berlin Wall
1144:Berlin Wall
1121:West Berlin
975:Kapp Putsch
963:World War I
853:Friedenstor
762:Akzisemauer
459:in showing
429:entablature
412:Doric order
340:Description
314:Berlin Wall
283:City Palace
253:Ebertstraße
134: /
109:Coordinates
3397:Categories
3317:New Palace
3255:Uber Arena
3199:Tiergarten
2943:Lustgarten
2879:DDR Museum
2733:0712612793
2085:. London:
1983:. London:
1723:References
1656:Soiled by
1623:after the
1604:after the
1417:media help
1048:View from
943:Iron Cross
844:New Garden
840:neo-Gothic
811:, and his
730:Cöpenicker
627:newspapers
504:Iron Cross
431:up to the
421:Corinthian
279:Tiergarten
122:13°22′40″E
119:52°30′59″N
3360:Landmarks
3337:Sanssouci
3027:Reichstag
2592:Storify:
2550:. London.
2527:13 August
2501:13 August
2475:13 August
2449:31 August
2419:31 August
2337:9 January
2256:4 January
2251:1865-2263
2087:BBC Books
2060:10 August
2034:10 August
1746:berlin.de
1728:Citations
1713:Siegestor
1648:Vandalism
1488:Beethoven
1222:When the
1207:Post-1989
1197:In 1984,
1133:Friedenau
1082:When the
778:pilasters
760:(German:
738:(see map)
734:Leipziger
726:Spandauer
722:star fort
474:After an
457:Parthenon
437:triglyphs
386:Propylaea
350:Propylaea
274:Bundestag
210:city gate
183:(German:
155:Completed
103:, Germany
82:City gate
2756:Archived
2722:(1986).
2673:ABC News
2626:euronews
2495:Fox News
2377:CBS News
2358:CBS News
2313:Archived
2228:), 2022.
2190:(2003).
1942:25 April
1901:5 August
1751:3 August
1677:See also
1559:Die Zeit
1496:Freiheit
1107:Cold War
1029:Prussian
851:German:
782:trophies
546:quadriga
500:Victoria
488:quadriga
461:centaurs
394:pediment
306:Cold War
234:quadriga
97:Location
3355:Culture
3214:Wannsee
2439:FoxNews
2409:FoxNews
2278:9 April
1717:Bavaria
836:Wroclaw
817:Potsdam
774:Baroque
641:scholar
573:History
465:Minerva
449:mutules
445:metopes
433:cornice
425:arrises
378:of the
376:reliefs
352:of the
322:Germany
285:of the
226:Prussia
3380:S-Bahn
3375:U-Bahn
2872:museum
2797:Berlin
2730:
2708:
2249:
2198:
2170:
2148:. In:
2097:
2077:Berlin
2054:DW.COM
2025:
1991:
1708:Madrid
1551:Pegida
1492:Freude
1270:, the
1003:, 1810
821:Rococo
805:Vienna
643:
636:
629:
622:
614:
508:wreath
492:Eirene
447:, and
441:guttae
369:fluted
326:Europe
206:Berlin
101:Berlin
2805:Mitte
2106:6 May
2000:9 May
1084:Nazis
999:, by
950:Pfuel
834:from
648:JSTOR
634:books
562:stoas
486:of a
417:Ionic
401:stoas
372:Doric
334:peace
330:unity
245:Mitte
2728:ISBN
2706:ISBN
2681:2023
2655:2022
2633:2022
2529:2011
2503:2011
2477:2011
2451:2010
2421:2010
2339:2015
2280:2009
2258:2024
2247:ISSN
2220:In:
2196:ISBN
2168:ISBN
2108:2016
2095:ISBN
2062:2016
2036:2016
2023:ISBN
2002:2016
1989:ISBN
1944:2014
1903:2013
1824:In:
1753:2021
1577:. A
1365:to "
1119:and
1117:East
780:and
736:Tor
688:The
620:news
544:The
469:Mars
467:and
419:and
410:The
332:and
324:and
251:and
179:The
158:1791
150:1788
79:Type
2577:RBB
1486:of
1146:on
815:in
603:by
224:of
3399::
2671:.
2624:.
2579::
2563::
2546:.
2493:.
2467:.
2437:.
2407:.
2375:.
2355:.
2311:.
2241:.
2089:,
2052:.
1979:.
1952:^
1918:,
1886:^
1843:^
1776:^
1761:^
1744:.
1585:.
1553:.
1457:,
1424:A
1289:.
827:.
443:,
439:,
396:.
336:.
297:.
240:.
2788:e
2781:t
2774:v
2736:.
2714:.
2683:.
2657:.
2635:.
2609:.
2531:.
2505:.
2479:.
2453:.
2423:.
2393:.
2341:.
2282:.
2260:.
2224:(
2218:.
2204:.
2176:.
2110:.
2064:.
2038:.
2004:.
1946:.
1905:.
1755:.
1470:!
1419:.
1369:"
670:)
664:(
659:)
655:(
645:·
638:·
631:·
624:·
597:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
