50:
1049:
89:
78:
100:
316:
The number of Brahui tribes have fluctuated across the centuries. At the time of Nasir Khan I, when the
Khanate of Kalat was at its zenith, the Brahuis had eight nuclear tribes and seven peripheral tribes; by the time of the last Khan, twelve peripheral tribes had been added. The 1911 census was the
372:
in their lore, and
Brahuis' self-identification as migrants from Syria can be interpreted as an Islamized version of the same event. However, the Brahuis do not have any significant Dravidian genetic component and are largely indistinguishable from surrounding Indo-European populaces; this suggests
368:, Dravidian languages spoken as geographical isolates across Eastern India, most linguists speculate the three groups to have shared a common stage before migrating along different directions. Additionally, both Kurukhs and Maltos speak of an eastward migration from
340:
followed by the overthrow of one Sewa dynasty, is a piecemeal borrowing from Baloch traditions; historical ballads, etc., are nonexistent in the language. Thus, says
Elfenbein, reconstructions of Brahui pre-history can only depend on linguistics and genetics.
317:
only attempt to enumerate the Brahui as an ethnic group. However, since most Brahui describe themselves as Baloch to outsiders, the recorded count is an underestimate. Elfenbein, referencing estimations from 1996, speculates that there are
49:
452:
characterised it as an "etymological nightmare". There are three dialects with no significant variation: Sarawani (spoken in the north), Jhalawani (spoken in the southeast), and Chaghi (spoken in the northwest and west).
403:, into their traditional grazing lands and migratory routes. The Khanate was established by Ahmad Khan I, a Brahui chieftain, in the 1660s and derived its power from a complex system of inter-tribal alliances with the
419:
at times, the kingdom gained in size and reached its zenith under Nasir Khan I in the late eighteenth century. However, British incursion into the subcontinent coupled with territorial losses to Persia compelled
190:
The origin of the word "Brahui" is uncertain. Mikhail
Andronov hypothesised a derivation from Dravidian (lit. Northern hillmen). However, Josef Elfenbein found it unconvincing and hypothesised a derivation from
474:
out of the efforts of Mulla Nabo-Jan and
Maulana Fazl Mohammed Khan Darkhani for spreading Islamic revivalist ideas. Literacy rates among Brahuis remained very low as the late as 1990s.
869:
1084:
1556:
862:
1551:
1077:
766:
1541:
855:
1546:
1070:
614:
1286:
927:
448:
and is, hence, a geographical isolate. It has extensively borrowed from
Balochi and other languages of the area; linguist
972:
878:
440:; only two nuclear tribes speak Brahui as a primary language. Half of the rest may be secondary speakers of Brahui with
632:
P. 32–34 Ideology and status of
Sanskrit : contributions to the history of the Sanskrit language by Jan E M Houben
759:
444:
as the primary language, while the other half are estimated to speak no Brahui "at all". The language belongs to the
1561:
1166:
1093:
1030:
384:
1328:
1020:
1340:
1035:
962:
1536:
1226:
1025:
752:
644:"An Ethnolinguistic and Genetic Perspective on the Origins of the Dravidian-Speaking Brahui in Pakistan"
399:— appears to have been a response to the increasing penetration of Mughal governance, especially under
1436:
1498:
205:; the term perhaps served to distinguish the neo-Muslim nomadic pastoralists — who had migrated into
1271:
1236:
395:
The
Brahuis have traditionally been nomads; the state-formation — in the form of a confederacy, the
373:
the passage of sufficient time since the admixture event, thereby supporting the relict hypothesis.
1508:
1375:
1355:
1186:
1136:
1104:
445:
345:
230:
179:
1251:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1181:
1171:
513:
424:
to accept a protectorate status; in the aftermath of the
Partition, the Khanate was absorbed into
296:, but they appear to have assimilated into the neighbouring Baloch. Some Brahui are also found in
1513:
1493:
1478:
1281:
1053:
710:
1503:
1409:
836:
730:
673:
655:
610:
349:
274:
132:
352:
of
Dravidians remaining from a time when Dravidians were more widespread or they migrated to
722:
663:
484:
449:
441:
396:
250:
238:
201:
192:
120:
436:
According to Elfenbein, only about 15% of the Brahui tribesmen are primary speakers of the
387:, the language of which he concludes as "likely to have belonged to the Dravidian family".
1360:
1206:
992:
804:
437:
421:
365:
337:
246:
175:
145:
116:
332:
The origins of the Brahuis remain unclear. Brahui lore, which speaks of a migration from
1488:
1483:
1426:
1365:
1276:
1261:
1161:
952:
819:
668:
643:
467:, a court poet of Nasir Khan I. The Perso-Arabic script currently in use was developed
361:
348:
only exist further south in India has led to two hypotheses — either the Brahuis are a
242:
1530:
1456:
1451:
1421:
1345:
1311:
1231:
1119:
982:
937:
902:
775:
404:
278:
726:
360:
sometime in the last two millennia. Noting extensive phonological similarities with
1471:
1466:
1431:
1414:
1370:
1114:
1004:
912:
897:
892:
831:
376:
297:
1461:
1323:
1301:
1266:
1256:
1109:
814:
492:
416:
357:
353:
305:
293:
270:
167:
93:
847:
460:(lit. Gift of Wonders), a translation from Persian by Malikdad Gharsin Qalati,
456:
No significant corpus of Brahui literature exists; the earliest extant work is
1318:
1246:
1221:
942:
932:
917:
400:
734:
659:
1291:
1241:
1062:
987:
566:
369:
677:
229:
The Brahuis predominantly inhabit a narrow belt in Pakistan, also known as
1399:
1382:
1141:
957:
642:
Pagani, Luca; Colonna, Vincenza; Tyler-Smith, Chris; Ayub, Qasim (2017).
425:
258:
163:
82:
1446:
1404:
1350:
1216:
1146:
1129:
977:
947:
824:
809:
786:
269:
Large numbers of nomadic and semi-nomadic Brahui speakers are found in
254:
17:
253:
in the south. Kalat separates the area into a northern part, known as
1392:
1306:
1296:
1211:
1176:
1156:
1124:
997:
967:
922:
794:
408:
289:
285:
234:
308:
in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in search of employment.
292:; in 1909, G. P. Tate did come across a few Brahui as far south as
1441:
1387:
333:
206:
1333:
744:
412:
301:
282:
171:
104:
1066:
851:
748:
27:
Ethnic group primarily concentrated in Balochistan, Pakistan
162:
are an ethnic group of pastoralists principally found in
277:
desert, in an area extending west of Nushki along the
1013:
885:
605:Elfenbein, Josef (2019). Seever, Sanford B. (ed.).
126:
110:
69:
59:
38:
560:
558:
556:
554:
288:. In Iran, Brahui are restricted to the north of
552:
550:
548:
546:
544:
542:
540:
538:
536:
534:
1078:
863:
760:
8:
600:
491:, a flowering plant belonging to the family
33:
598:
596:
594:
592:
590:
588:
586:
584:
582:
580:
383:that the Brahui people are remnants of the
304:oasis, where their ancestors migrated from
1085:
1071:
1063:
870:
856:
848:
767:
753:
745:
411:; notwithstanding nominal suzerainties to
150:
48:
40:
32:
667:
715:Journal of the American Oriental Society
571:Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. IV, Fasc. 4
530:
505:
1557:Social groups of Balochistan, Pakistan
609:(2 ed.). Routledge. p. 495.
711:"Brahui and the Zagrosian Hypothesis"
7:
704:
702:
700:
628:
626:
149:
70:Regions with significant populations
428:notwithstanding popular protests.
25:
1552:Indigenous peoples of South Asia
1047:
495:, named after the Brahui people.
257:, and a southern part, known as
98:
87:
76:
727:10.7817/jameroriesoci.135.3.551
1:
468:
461:
318:
210:
166:, and to a smaller extent in
1542:Ethnic groups in Afghanistan
879:Ethnic groups in Afghanistan
694:, Cambridge University Press
692:Deciphering the Indus script
381:Deciphering the Indus Script
199:, referring to the prophet
195:(Jaṭki dialect of Punjabi)
54:A group of Brahui tribesmen
1578:
709:McAlpin, David W. (2015).
1547:Ethnic groups in Pakistan
1100:
1094:Ethnic groups in Pakistan
1044:
782:
565:Elfenbein, Josef (1989).
446:Dravidian language family
131:
115:
74:
64:
47:
39:
209:from the Western Deccan
607:The Dravidian Languages
432:Language and literature
216:ago and adopted Islam.
178:, which belongs to the
1054:Afghanistan portal
690:Asko Parpola (1994),
514:List of Brahui tribes
312:Tribes and population
237:in the north through
127:Related ethnic groups
344:The fact that other
1187:European Pakistanis
573:. pp. 433–443.
379:states in his book
346:Dravidian languages
273:, primarily in the
214: a millennium
35:
324:Brahui tribesmen.
1562:Dravidian peoples
1524:
1523:
1060:
1059:
1014:Foreign nationals
845:
844:
485:Stocksia brahuica
350:relict population
182:language family.
138:
137:
133:Dravidian peoples
16:(Redirected from
1569:
1087:
1080:
1073:
1064:
1052:
1051:
1050:
872:
865:
858:
849:
791:Jhalawan Baloch
769:
762:
755:
746:
739:
738:
706:
695:
688:
682:
681:
671:
639:
633:
630:
621:
620:
602:
575:
574:
562:
518:
516:
510:
490:
473:
470:
466:
465: 1759-1760
463:
458:Tuḥfat al-aja īb
450:David W. McAlpin
397:Khanate of Kalat
385:Harappan culture
323:
320:
300:, mainly in the
215:
212:
153:
152:
103:
102:
101:
92:
91:
90:
81:
80:
79:
60:Total population
52:
42:
36:
21:
1577:
1576:
1572:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1567:
1566:
1527:
1526:
1525:
1520:
1227:Indus Kohistani
1096:
1091:
1061:
1056:
1048:
1046:
1040:
1009:
881:
876:
846:
841:
801:Sarawan Baloch
778:
773:
743:
742:
708:
707:
698:
689:
685:
641:
640:
636:
631:
624:
617:
604:
603:
578:
564:
563:
532:
527:
522:
521:
512:
511:
507:
502:
488:
480:
471:
464:
438:Brahui language
434:
393:
330:
321:
314:
267:
265:Other countries
227:
222:
213:
188:
99:
97:
88:
86:
77:
75:
55:
43:
31:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1575:
1573:
1565:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1529:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1518:
1517:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1475:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1418:
1417:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1396:
1395:
1390:
1380:
1379:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1337:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1316:
1315:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1133:
1132:
1127:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1092:
1090:
1089:
1082:
1075:
1067:
1058:
1057:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1017:
1015:
1011:
1010:
1008:
1007:
1002:
1001:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
895:
889:
887:
883:
882:
877:
875:
874:
867:
860:
852:
843:
842:
840:
839:
834:
829:
828:
827:
822:
820:Muhammad Shahi
817:
812:
807:
799:
798:
797:
789:
783:
780:
779:
774:
772:
771:
764:
757:
749:
741:
740:
721:(3): 551–586.
696:
683:
654:(1): 267–278.
634:
622:
616:978-1138853768
615:
576:
529:
528:
526:
523:
520:
519:
504:
503:
501:
498:
497:
496:
479:
476:
433:
430:
392:
389:
329:
326:
322: 700,000
313:
310:
266:
263:
226:
223:
221:
218:
187:
184:
136:
135:
129:
128:
124:
123:
113:
112:
108:
107:
72:
71:
67:
66:
62:
61:
57:
56:
53:
45:
44:
29:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1574:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1537:Brahui people
1535:
1534:
1532:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1491:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1384:
1381:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1320:
1317:
1313:
1312:Urdu speakers
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1099:
1095:
1088:
1083:
1081:
1076:
1074:
1069:
1068:
1065:
1055:
1043:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1006:
1003:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
975:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
890:
888:
886:Ethnic groups
884:
880:
873:
868:
866:
861:
859:
854:
853:
850:
838:
835:
833:
832:Brahui Charan
830:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
802:
800:
796:
793:
792:
790:
788:
785:
784:
781:
777:
776:Brahui tribes
770:
765:
763:
758:
756:
751:
750:
747:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
705:
703:
701:
697:
693:
687:
684:
679:
675:
670:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
638:
635:
629:
627:
623:
618:
612:
608:
601:
599:
597:
595:
593:
591:
589:
587:
585:
583:
581:
577:
572:
568:
561:
559:
557:
555:
553:
551:
549:
547:
545:
543:
541:
539:
537:
535:
531:
524:
515:
509:
506:
499:
494:
487:
486:
482:
481:
477:
475:
459:
454:
451:
447:
443:
439:
431:
429:
427:
423:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
390:
388:
386:
382:
378:
374:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
342:
339:
335:
327:
325:
311:
309:
307:
306:British India
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
284:
280:
279:Helmand river
276:
272:
264:
262:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
224:
219:
217:
208:
204:
203:
198:
194:
185:
183:
181:
177:
174:. They speak
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
147:
143:
134:
130:
125:
122:
118:
114:
109:
106:
95:
84:
73:
68:
63:
58:
51:
46:
37:
19:
1467:Meghwar Bhil
1151:
907:
718:
714:
691:
686:
651:
648:Man in India
647:
637:
606:
570:
508:
483:
457:
455:
435:
394:
380:
377:Asko Parpola
375:
343:
331:
315:
298:Turkmenistan
268:
228:
200:
196:
189:
159:
155:
141:
139:
30:Ethnic group
1422:Salvi Mewar
1393:Spin Tareen
1302:Rajasthanis
493:Sapindaceae
472: 1900
417:Afghanistan
358:South India
354:Baluchistan
271:Afghanistan
168:Afghanistan
94:Afghanistan
1531:Categories
1410:Rajasthani
1319:Nuristanis
1222:Hindkowans
1031:Pakistanis
943:Nuristanis
525:References
401:Shah Jahan
231:Brahuistan
1437:Shumashti
1292:Gujaratis
1242:Kashmiris
1021:Armenians
988:Qizilbash
837:Rakhshani
805:Bangulzai
735:0003-0279
660:0025-1569
370:Karnataka
186:Etymology
180:Dravidian
111:Languages
1400:Punjabis
1383:Pashtuns
1366:Shughnan
1361:Sariquli
1282:Muhajirs
1207:Gujarati
1142:Bengalis
1036:Russians
993:Turkmens
963:Punjabis
958:Pashtuns
678:28381901
567:"BRAHUI"
478:See also
426:Pakistan
409:Dehwaris
275:Shorawak
259:Jhalawan
251:Las Bela
225:Pakistan
220:Location
164:Pakistan
83:Pakistan
1509:Uyghurs
1499:Turkmen
1447:Sindhis
1427:Saraiki
1405:Purigpa
1351:Pamiris
1341:Paharis
1287:Biharis
1277:Marwari
1272:Makrani
1262:Ladakhi
1237:Kalkoti
1217:Hazaras
1167:Chinese
1162:Burusho
1147:Biharis
1130:Khetran
1105:Afghans
1026:Indians
978:Hazaras
953:Pashayi
948:Pamiris
923:Gurjars
825:Raisani
787:Bizenjo
669:5378296
442:Balochi
405:Balochs
391:History
328:Origins
283:Iranian
255:Sarawan
239:Mastung
233:, from
202:Abraham
193:Saraiki
151:براہوئی
121:Balochi
65:700,000
41:براہوئی
18:Brahuis
1494:Kyrgyz
1489:Turkic
1484:Torwal
1472:Memons
1457:Kutchi
1452:Jadgal
1376:Yidgha
1346:Palula
1307:Tamils
1297:Memons
1232:Kalash
1212:Gurjar
1192:Gabaro
1177:Dogras
1157:Broqpa
1152:Brahui
1137:Bateri
1125:Dehwar
1120:Baloch
998:Uzbeks
983:Kyrgyz
973:Turkic
968:Tajiks
938:Moghol
908:Brahui
903:Baloch
815:Langav
795:Mengal
733:
676:
666:
658:
613:
489:Benth.
413:Persia
366:Kurukh
290:Sistan
286:Sistan
247:Nushki
245:, and
235:Quetta
176:Brahui
156:Brahvi
146:Brahui
142:Brahui
117:Brahui
34:Brahui
1514:Uzbek
1504:Turks
1479:Tajik
1442:Siddi
1432:Shina
1415:Thari
1388:Ormur
1371:Wakhi
1356:Munji
1252:Kolai
1202:Gawri
1197:Gawar
1182:Domaa
1172:Damia
1115:Balti
1110:Bagri
1005:Wakhi
913:Dalak
898:Arabs
893:Aimaq
500:Notes
422:Kalat
362:Malto
356:from
338:Kalat
334:Syria
294:Khash
281:into
243:Kalat
207:Sindh
197:brāhō
160:Brohi
158:, or
1462:Lasi
1334:Mumo
1324:Kata
1267:Lori
1257:Koli
810:Kūrd
731:ISSN
674:PMID
656:ISSN
611:ISBN
415:and
407:and
364:and
302:Merv
172:Iran
170:and
140:The
105:Iran
1329:Kom
1247:Kho
933:Kho
928:Jat
918:Dom
723:doi
719:135
664:PMC
336:to
249:to
154:),
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729:.
717:.
713:.
699:^
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662:.
652:97
650:.
646:.
625:^
579:^
569:.
533:^
469:c.
462:c.
319:c.
261:.
241:,
211:c.
148::
119:,
96:,
85:,
1086:e
1079:t
1072:v
871:e
864:t
857:v
768:e
761:t
754:v
737:.
725::
680:.
619:.
517:.
144:(
20:)
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