199:
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57:
465:
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1346:
691:
44:
532:
511:
488:
670:
1095:
578:
555:
624:
647:
347:, both geographically and any surviving wild relatives, has been difficult to identify because it has been developed by humans into many types of vegetables, is now found in most parts of the world, and has returned to the wild many times as a feral plant. A study of genetic sequences from over 400 domesticated and feral
198:
363:. This provided the genetic potential for a diversity of form, flavour and growth requirements. Domestication has produced modern vegetables and oil-seed crops, all with two sets of chromosomes.
336:
436:
and can be eaten raw; older leaves are better cooked. The taproot and seeds can also be eaten raw, although the latter contains an oil which may cause irritation for some people.
1119:
1705:
1904:
1780:
953:
McAlvay, Alex C; Ragsdale, Aaron P; Mabry, Makenzie E; Qi, Xinshuai; Bird, Kevin A; Velasco, Pablo; An, Hong; Pires, J Chris; Emshwiller, Eve (2021).
1643:
1731:
1656:
776:
767:
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individuals, along with environmental modelling, has provided more information about the complex history. These indicate that the ancestral
2006:
1544:
880:
1578:
1539:
1150:
2001:
1383:
1316:
1798:
382:, starting as early as 2000 BC. Edible turnips were possibly first cultivated in northern Europe, and were an important food in
1692:
1940:
1016:
1844:
1736:
1767:
772:
1033:
910:
1891:
1718:
1483:
1945:
1878:
2016:
1785:
56:
2011:
1996:
1883:
928:
1630:
1112:
1635:
1609:
393:
In the 18th century, the turnip and the oilseed-producing variants were seen as being different species by
1604:
1508:
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1372:
1143:
1359:
1232:
754:
173:
1661:
722:
1808:
1552:
1190:
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600:
409:
and thus belonged to the same species. Since the turnip had been named first by
Linnaeus, the name
406:
1759:
1108:
955:"Brassica rapa Domestication: Untangling Wild and Feral Forms and Convergence of Crop Morphotypes"
1963:
1617:
1444:
51:
1955:
1870:
1518:
1710:
1622:
386:. The turnip then spread east to China, and reached Japan by 700 AD. There are descriptions of
1991:
1829:
1526:
1378:
1349:
1218:
1183:
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1136:
1072:
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888:
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324:
94:
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1211:
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433:
318:
229:
81:
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690:
1985:
1339:
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394:
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189:
1968:
1388:
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43:
17:
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531:
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1932:
1772:
1754:
1746:
1669:
1438:
360:
301:
130:
1465:
1058:
Northwest
Foraging: The Classic Guide to Edible Plants of the Pacific Northwest
510:
487:
356:
305:
1583:
1076:
1041:
970:
1723:
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1565:
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548:
309:
234:
988:
1922:
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1056:
1917:
1793:
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1429:
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1311:
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1296:
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797:
504:
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107:
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273:
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554:
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1061:(Rev. and updated ed.). Seattle, WA: Skipstone. pp. 83–84.
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224:
120:
1400:
1697:
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623:
379:
335:
219:
197:
68:
1007:
Sanderson, Helen (2005). Prance, Ghillean; Nesbitt, Mark (eds.).
222:
species growing in various widely cultivated forms including the
390:
vegetables in Indian and
Chinese documents from around 1000 BC.
1557:
1404:
1132:
911:"History of Canola Seed Development | Canola Encyclopedia"
312:. Canola oil is sourced from three species of Brassica plants:
1120:
PROTA (Plant
Resources of Tropical Africa) database record on
929:"The Deep Roots of the Vegetable That 'Took Over the World'"
1128:
405:. Twentieth-century taxonomists found that the plants were
328:(brown mustard) is a minor crop for oil production.
1413:
1242:
1168:
374:may have been domesticated several times from the
355:probably originated 4000 to 6000 years ago in the
300:species. Food grade oil made from the seed of low-
1144:
922:
920:
432:The young leaves are considered an excellent
8:
1002:
1000:
998:
359:area of Central Asia, and had three sets of
206:from the Japanese agricultural encyclopedia
1401:
1151:
1137:
1129:
1109:" Multilingual taxonomic information"
1040:. Canola Council of Canada. Archived from
887:. cas.vanderbilt.edu. 2011. Archived from
443:
304:Canadian-developed strains is also called
42:
31:
978:
777:United States Department of Agriculture
768:Germplasm Resources Information Network
714:
276:which has many common names, including
749:
747:
7:
1946:cf732e21-07b8-4b0c-a415-986ad31a5be3
1809:6d126350-af01-4494-a586-51d8fc435483
322:are commonly grown in Canada, while
867:History and Antiquities of Horsham
25:
1884:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:279485-1
1355:
1354:
1345:
1344:
1093:
689:
668:
645:
622:
599:
576:
553:
530:
509:
486:
463:
421:Many butterflies, including the
55:
959:Molecular Biology and Evolution
927:Tarlach, Gemma (11 June 2021).
798:"Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera"
308:, while non-food oil is called
296:is a general term for oil from
1009:The Cultural History of Plants
828:New Flora of the British Isles
425:, feed from and pollinate the
1:
854:(5th reprint ed.). 1731.
773:Agricultural Research Service
732:. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
2007:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
2033:
730:Plants of the World Online
27:Species of flowering plant
1335:
1032:Phil Thomas, ed. (2003).
1011:. Routledge. p. 72.
179:
172:
52:Scientific classification
50:
41:
34:
2002:Plants described in 1753
1384:Cruciferous Biochemistry
865:Doreathea Hurst (1889).
830:. Cambridge: Cambridge.
1113:University of Melbourne
1055:Benoliel, Doug (2011).
1373:Cruciferous vegetables
971:10.1093/molbev/msab108
340:
210:
1233:Brassica tournefortii
1038:Canola Growers Manual
869:. Farncombe & Co.
339:
201:
1191:Brassica fruticulosa
1102:at Wikimedia Commons
366:Oilseed subspecies (
1198:Brassica hilarionis
852:Bailey's Dictionary
18:Brassica campestris
1034:"Canola Varieties"
341:
211:
1979:
1978:
1830:Open Tree of Life
1407:Taxon identifiers
1398:
1397:
1219:Brassica oleracea
1184:Brassica elongata
1177:Brassica carinata
1098:Media related to
1068:978-1-59485-366-1
837:978-0-521-58935-2
706:
705:
196:
195:
16:(Redirected from
2024:
2017:Space-flown life
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1773:NBNSYS0000002802
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1153:
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1097:
1081:
1080:
1052:
1046:
1045:
1044:on 12 July 2009.
1029:
1023:
1022:
1004:
993:
992:
982:
965:(8): 3358–3372.
950:
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202:Illustration of
185:
60:
59:
46:
32:
21:
2032:
2031:
2027:
2026:
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2023:
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2021:
2012:Root vegetables
1997:Leaf vegetables
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1817:Observation.org
1815:
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1784:
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1744:MichiganFlora:
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1428:
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1422:
1409:
1399:
1394:
1393:
1331:
1260:Chinese cabbage
1238:
1205:Brassica juncea
1164:
1157:
1107:
1090:
1085:
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1069:
1054:
1053:
1049:
1031:
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1005:
996:
952:
951:
947:
937:
935:
926:
925:
918:
909:
908:
904:
894:
892:
891:on 27 June 2010
881:"Brassica rapa"
879:
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863:
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442:
419:
397:who named them
334:
325:Brassica juncea
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28:
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1088:External links
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434:leaf vegetable
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230:root vegetable
208:Seikei Zusetsu
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1545:Brassica_rapa
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1519:brassica-rapa
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1415:Brassica rapa
1412:
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1389:genera (list)
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1340:Triangle of U
1338:
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1317:Spring greens
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1292:Mustard plant
1290:
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1226:Brassica rapa
1223:
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1122:Brassica rapa
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933:Atlas Obscura
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731:
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725:Brassica rapa
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708:
702:
698:
697:Brassica rapa
695:
692:
688:
686:Yellow sarson
685:
684:
681:
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662:
661:
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559:
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552:
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547:
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538:Brassica rapa
536:
533:
529:
527:Field mustard
526:
525:
522:
521:parachinensis
518:
517:Brassica rapa
515:
512:
508:
506:
503:
502:
499:
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494:Brassica rapa
492:
489:
485:
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471:Brassica rapa
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445:
439:
437:
435:
430:
428:
424:
416:
414:
413:was adopted.
412:
411:Brassica rapa
408:
407:cross fertile
404:
403:B. campestris
400:
396:
395:Carl Linnaeus
391:
389:
385:
381:
377:
376:Mediterranean
373:
372:Brassica rapa
369:
364:
362:
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321:
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314:Brassica rapa
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282:field mustard
279:
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266:Brassica rapa
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183:Brassica rapa
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174:Binomial name
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36:Brassica rapa
33:
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1369:Brassicaceae
1367:
1360:Brassicaceae
1270:Napa cabbage
1231:
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932:
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889:the original
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801:
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766:
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734:. Retrieved
729:
724:
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701:trilocularis
700:
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629:
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595:Napa cabbage
587:
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384:ancient Rome
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294:rapeseed oil
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165:B. rapa
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141:Brassicaceae
114:
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35:
29:
1858:kew-2682652
1755:NatureServe
1670:iNaturalist
1439:Wikispecies
824:Clive Stace
802:Turnip Rape
588:nipposinica
423:small white
361:chromosomes
302:erucic acid
292:. The term
286:bird's rape
131:Brassicales
95:Angiosperms
1986:Categories
1953:WisFlora:
1853:Plant List
1506:Calflora:
1018:0415927463
709:References
611:pekinensis
565:perviridis
357:Hindu Kush
306:canola oil
1636:200009273
1610:200009273
1592:FloraBase
1516:Cal-IPC:
1243:Cultivars
1077:668195076
885:Bioimages
736:22 August
549:Komatsuna
475:chinensis
440:Cultivars
429:flowers.
310:colza oil
235:Komatsuna
159:Species:
65:Kingdom:
1992:Brassica
1941:VicFlora
1930:VASCAN:
1918:Tropicos
1794:NSWFlora
1760:2.139976
1711:11023864
1698:279485-1
1540:eFloraSA
1496:BioLib:
1424:Wikidata
1379:Brassica
1350:Brassica
1312:Rutabaga
1302:Rapeseed
1297:Nanohana
1287:Kohlrabi
1277:Choy sum
1265:Bok choy
1161:Brassica
989:33930151
826:(1997).
808:13 April
782:13 April
761:oleifera
657:narinosa
542:oleifera
505:Choy sum
459:Bok choy
447:Cultivar
368:oleifera
298:Brassica
270:oleifera
253:bok choy
152:Brassica
137:Family:
108:Eudicots
1923:4100074
1649:3042677
1250:Bomdong
1169:Species
980:8321528
938:30 June
895:10 June
759:subsp.
699:subsp.
678:subsp.
655:subsp.
609:subsp.
563:subsp.
540:subsp.
519:subsp.
482:Bomdong
473:subsp.
427:B. rapa
399:B. rapa
388:B. rapa
353:B. rapa
349:B. rapa
345:B. rapa
332:History
290:keblock
274:oilseed
268:subsp.
247:bomdong
147:Genus:
127:Order:
69:Plantae
1910:2888-9
1897:106082
1866:PLANTS
1835:833632
1806:NZOR:
1724:121115
1584:163695
1558:583898
1473:APDB:
1453:AoFP:
1327:Turnip
1322:Tatsoi
1307:Rapini
1255:Canola
1075:
1065:
1015:
987:
977:
834:
664:Turnip
641:Tatsoi
618:Rapini
572:Mizuna
498:glabra
288:, and
272:is an
259:rapini
256:, and
225:turnip
121:Rosids
1905:SANBI
1842:PFI:
1737:23063
1706:IRMNG
1682:IPA:
1675:53271
1618:FoAO2
1579:EUNIS
1571:BRSRR
1499:39225
1489:66663
1476:78032
1463:APA:
1430:Q3384
804:. EOL
632:var.
586:var.
496:var.
453:Name
450:Image
380:India
370:) of
220:plant
218:is a
115:Clade
102:Clade
89:Clade
76:Clade
1956:2786
1933:3925
1879:POWO
1871:BRRA
1845:1651
1822:6482
1786:3711
1781:NCBI
1732:ITIS
1693:IPNI
1685:5209
1662:7685
1657:GRIN
1644:GBIF
1597:2999
1566:EPPO
1532:N83Q
1509:1145
1484:APNI
1466:1219
1456:1812
1073:OCLC
1063:ISBN
1013:ISBN
985:PMID
940:2021
897:2010
832:ISBN
810:2013
784:2013
738:2022
680:rapa
634:ruvo
417:Uses
401:and
316:and
278:rape
1964:WFO
1892:RHS
1768:NBN
1747:616
1719:ISC
1631:FoC
1605:FNA
1553:EoL
1527:CoL
975:PMC
967:doi
727:L."
378:to
232:);
228:(a
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