985:
1001:. Second wave of construction commenced in 1937 which turned the defenses into a consistent fortification line. Overall, the Bratislava section of the Czechoslovak fortification line was considered to be an example to other sections and Bratislava fortifications were complete and ready for action by autumn 1938, including all auxiliary objects, command posts, terrain obstacles, inner fittings of all objects. The fortification system was equipped with weapons and ammunition and manned by the 1,500 strong Border Battalion 50 (
621:. In the year 2001, the city walls were declared inaccessible to the public and big metal fences were installed at the entry points. According to a statics expert, the structure remains intact and there is no danger of large pieces falling apart. On the other hand, small pieces of outer layers of the structure are peeling off and pose a hazard to pedestrians and cars passing down Staromestská street. Parts of the fortifications are covered by
977:
927:) used to shelter soldiers and ammunition from enemy counter-fire and close to them were the actual artillery batteries. The goal of this artillery was long-distance circular artillery defense of the city. They were located on hills with good outlooks below, today corresponding to the areas of Dúbravská Hlavica, Dlhé Diely, Sitina, Lamač, Klepáč, Americké námestie, Kamzík and Rösslerov lom. All of them are located within the
861:
119:
31:
594:
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is planning the reconstruction of the longest fortification stretch at least since 2008, but as of 2011, no progress has been made. The city of
Bratislava claims it does not even have the budget to apply for a grant from the Ministry of Culture because it requires mandatory co-financing. According to
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in 1526. However the bastions named Enemy of the
Hungarians (Nepriateľ Uhrov), Lugisland, Bird's bastion (Vtáčia bašta), Bastion at the upper bath (Bašta pri hornom kúpeli), Gunpowder bastion (Prašná bašta), Bastion behind the cloister (Bašta Za kláštorom), Butchers' bastion (Mäsiarska bašta),
950:
There are altogether 32 or 42 (depending on the source) surviving artillery caverns. Some of them are partially collapsed or their ceiling is in danger of collapsing. Next to some of the caverns, there are still distinguishable platforms for the artillery (which did not survive). The main
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to strengthen it. For some reason, the scaffolding is owned by private companies which used it immediately to install oversized advertisements. In 2010, strong wind damaged the wooden observation deck near St. Martin's
Cathedral so badly, that it had to be deconstructed.
360:. The large horseshoe-shaped bastions protruding into the area between the inner and outer wall rings usually had their own name. The smaller, half circle-shaped ones were usually referred to in their relation to other prominent bastions or city gates in their vicinity.
308:
The city fortifications were made of stone, walls being 130-160 centimeters thick. According to Slovak historians, the fortification system was built as a whole from the end of the 13th century until the half of the 14th century. The top of the walls was crowned by
339:
The remaining stretch of city walls was reconstructed in two phases between 1975 and 1991. The walls starting at the intersection of
Kapitulská Street – Na vŕšku Street and ending at Eszterházy Palace comprised the first phase and the remaining stretch ending at
576:
The only two remaining bastions today are
Gunpowder bastion (Prašná bašta) which was redesigned as a residential house at Zámočnícka Street No. 11 and the remains of Shoemakers' bastion (Obuvnícka bašta) were included into the house at
992:
Despite being in direct violation of international treaties that
Czechoslovakia was bound with at the time, it started a large-scale construction of border defenses and fortifications. First military fortifications were constructed in
335:
allowed the demolition of the fortifications in 1775. Demolition continued until 1778, the moats were filled and the town united with its suburbs. At the beginning of the 19th century, the outer walls were also demolished.
919:) and denying access south towards the Hungarian mainland. The fortification complex consists of individual artillery posts grouped together into strategic points. The artillery posts consisted of artillery caverns (
1081:
during the period of cold war between 1950 - 1989 there were plenty of modern fortification system build close to
Bratislava. Most well known shelters were based in the Carpathian forest. Here are some of them:
605:
approximately 200 metres in length have survived. The section by St. Martin's
Cathedral was renovated after a massive demolition in the area under the castle due to the construction of an access road to the
959:
Today, the fortification system is largely unknown to the public, although the artillery caverns themselves are accessible and visited by experienced hikers. Some of them serve as sleeping places for the
535:
It was probably built slightly later than neighboring bastions, resulting in the name. The alternative name might be motivated by its position in relation to the castle, the seat of
Hungarian rulers
942:. Russian troops were pushed back and they did not return again during this conflict. Due to this development, the fortification system was unused in combat and left partially unfinished.
80:-era city defenses including a system of 8,602 air raid and nuclear shelters capable of holding over 760,000 citizens, far more than the number of inhabitants. The pinnacle of the
327:
in the 16th century, the fortifications were reconstructed by
Italian builders specializing in fortress building. Other changes were also planned in the 17th century, but only
896:. The situation caused deep concern within the Austro-Hungarian military as the failure to defend the Carpathians would allow the enemy to access central Hungary, including
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1409:
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invasion. The town's outer line had five gates: the Kozia Gate, and gates at Suché mýto, Špitálska, Dunajská, and Schöndorf (today's Obchodná) streets.
320:, and Jews (who had been expelled from Bratislava in 1526) were allowed to return to two quarters of the fortress area – Schlossberg and Zuckermandel.
297:). The suburbs gradually grew around the fortification walls, which were fortified in the 15th century with embankments and dikes on the order of King
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Jozef Hrabina, head of the Paming company, the estimated cost of reconstruction, including research and project documentation is 1.7 million
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147:
269:, the rest being torn down in the 18th and 19th centuries. The only remaining consistent stretch of Bratislava city walls running from the
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Construction of the medieval fortifications in Bratislava (known as Pressburg / Pozsony for most of its history, when belonged to the
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1320:
1009:). The construction of the Petržalka fortifications was carried out by the construction company Ing. Rudolf Frič from Bratislava.
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The city Bratislava owns this stretch of city walls from the year 1993. In the year 2000, the city rented the structure to an NGO
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in 1934, by order of general Šnejdárek, being among the first fortification objects built on the area of Czechoslovakia after
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1118:" – it's a new bunker type built in 1971. It's protected against nuclear attack. Location of this object is close to village
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bridge, and parts of fortifications were uncovered. The narrowest house in Europe is located on Michalská Street, near the
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The original name of Františkánska Street was Street behind the convent (Ulica za kláštorom, Gassl hinter dem Closter)
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Bakers' bastion (Pekárska bašta), and Shoemakers' bastion (Obuvnícka bašta) were all built before the year 1520.
900:. One of the measures taken to prevent this was the decision to fortify the city of Poszony (today Bratislava).
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332:
285:) started in the 13th century. By the end of the 14th century, there were three gates leading to the town: the
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towards the intersection of Na vŕšku Street and Kapitulská Street is accessible to the public from 2020 again.
266:
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Atypical, four-walled bastion, the last one in the eastern city walls. Guarded by the members of the butchers
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was also heavily fortified. Other fortification systems were built in the following centuries, including a
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293:(east). In the 15th century another smaller gate was added: the Fishermen's Gate (south, leading to the
1158:"Krytov je dosť pre všetkých Bratislavčanov (There are enough shelters for all Bratislava inhabitants)"
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B-S-4 "Lány" – visible from the road near border crossing Petržalka - Berg, at the edge of forest
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The following is a list of heavy fortification bunkers built by the First Czechoslovak Republic:
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fortresses were implemented. However, as the town's inner walls were slowing the town's growth,
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Nová bašta, Newen Thurrn also known as Enemy of the Hungarians (Nepriateľ Uhrov, Ungerfeindt)
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The only bastion that still exists today, although partially rebuilt for residential purposes
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The southwestern corner of the city defenses, manned by the members of the shoemaker guild
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Mäsiarska bašta, Fleischker Thurrn, former names included Hinter den Juden, Pey den Juden.
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Bratislava City Museum: Museum Of Arms - Michael’S Tower: Museum Of Arms - Michael's Tower
1002:
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964:. There are currently no plans to restore the cultural monument or to use it to attract
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is the only remaining from the original four gates of the medieval fortification system.
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Until the End of the First World War: The Beginnings of the Bratislava Community,
994:
860:
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This stretch of fortifications contains the only remaining tower – the Bax tower (
607:
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Today, only Michael's Gate, a short stretch of former wall by it and a section by
569:
The south part of city walls was protected enough by the environment of the river
253:
The medieval city fortifications are the system of fortifications of the city of
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682:
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Goal of the fortification system was to prevent the Russians from crossing the
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B-S-13 "Stoh" – public transport terminal on Betliarska Street near the Danube
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A part of the remaining stretch of fortification, near St. Martin's Cathedral
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127:
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Prašná brána, Pulwerthurm, former name was Newen Thurn pey Sand Michels Thor
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fortification system was demolished in the year 1775 by the order of Empress
1038:
B-S-6 "Vrba" – to the right going through Bratská Street towards the highway
1035:
B-S-5a,5b "Vídeň I a II" – double-object, destroyed during road construction
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riverbank, approximately 700 meters against the river's stream from the
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Fighting in the Carpathians ended in May 1915 due to a German break at
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Manned by the members of the bakers guild, it guarded the entrance to
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The system of fortifications of medieval Bratislava contained several
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B-S-9 "Kittsee" – through Kopčianska Street towards the border with
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Bastions were built more extensively comparatively late, only after
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Bratislavské kultúrne a informačné stredisko - Najužší dom v Európe
60:
artillery fortification system and World War I shelters, system of
1378:. Visiting Slovakia (1st ed.). Bratislava, Slovakia: DAJAMA.
1119:
1059:
B-S-12 *Oroszvár" – destroyed during the construction of Petržalka
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649:). The unique city walls continue to be accessible to the public.
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At the edge of today's Rybné námestie and Hviezdoslavovo námestie
466:
29:
888:
was facing military defeat for the first time during the war as
635:
52:, of which one gate and two sections of walls remain today. The
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1056:
B-S-11 "Janík" – destroyed during the construction of Petržalka
655:
563:
Probably named so because it was higher than its surroundings
316:
In 1599 the fortress on the Schlossberg was inherited by the
980:
Heavy fortification bunker B-S-1 "Štěrkoviště" in Bratislava
573:
creating an uninhabited system of small tree-less islands.
84:
era city defense was a military rocket base located on the
383:
then Fishermen's Gate then Vydrica Gate and then back to
1321:"Spoločnosť Paming plánuje rekonštruovať mestské hradby"
375:
This is a list of named bastions running clockwise from
1065:
B-S-14 "Duna" – near an anti-flood wall near the Danube
631:
Mestský investor pamiatkovej obnovy – spoločnosť Paming
876:
survived until the present, including numerous gates.
645:), although other sources claim it is the Bird tower (
44:
usually refers to the medieval city fortifications of
1068:
B-S-15 "Ostrov" – on Starohájsky island opposite the
988:
Heavy fortification bunker B-S-4 "Lány" in Bratislava
1101:" – abandoned small civil shelter close to main city
72:
aircraft raid shelters, fortifications built by the
794:
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911:(something the Prussians attempted in 1866 in the
872:Most of the extensive fortification system of the
549:Luginsland is a German word meaning "guard tower"
427:Polveža za kláštorom, Halbturn hinter dem Kloster
972:First Czechoslovak Republic fortification system
585:(not visible from the outside of the building).
518:in 1455, just two decades after the gate itself
1206:The Story of the Jewish Community in Bratislava
27:Medieval fortifications of Bratislava, Slovakia
1053:B-S-10 "Tři hranice" – near highway to Hungary
486:at the southeastern edge of the city defenses
479:In place of today's P. O. Hviezdoslav Theatre
667:
619:Tovarišstvo starých bojových umení a remesiel
508:Named after important families from the city
8:
451:Named probably after a nearby Jewish ghetto
76:in the city during World War II and finally
907:river and thus prevent the encirclement of
505:Himmelreich bastion and Leonfelder bastion
880:World War I artillery fortification system
674:
660:
652:
581:No. 11, today it contains the coffeehouse
448:cloister, at the end of Nedbalova Street
95:
1041:B-S-7 "Cvičiště" – near Kopčianska Street
123:The last remaining consistent stretch of
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1181:
1179:
1044:B-S-8 "Hřbitov" – near Kopčianska Street
389:
1149:
1410:Buildings and structures in Bratislava
146:Up to 85 meters including the top of
88:hill, the highest point in the city.
7:
951:construction material was concrete.
529:North of Vydrica Gate, opposite the
1307:"Paming požiadal o grant na hradby"
430:At the end of Františkánska Street
367:improved, and especially after the
289:(north), Vydrica Gate (west), and
25:
1415:Tourist attractions in Bratislava
850:Bratislava Castle fortifications
560:Opposite today's Župné námestie
514:Two bastions were built next to
494:Obuvnícka bašta, Schusterthurrn
424:Half-bastion behind the convent
117:
64:and fortifications built by the
1335:"Mestské hradby sa rozpadávajú"
1090:" – it's very close to village
828:List of fountains in Bratislava
476:Pekárska bašta, Pekchen Thuren
1420:Military history of Bratislava
413:Zámočnícka Street No. 399/11,
1:
1016:B-S-1 "Štěrkoviště" – at the
823:List of palaces in Bratislava
241:Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor
92:Medieval fortification system
1212:. Retrieved 22 December 2013
1077:Modern bunkers from cold war
1029:B-S-3 "Paseka" – in a forest
892:troops advanced towards the
629:The Bratislava city company
462:South of the Jewish bastion
441:Židovská bašta, Juden Thuer
1293:September 27, 2007, at the
1278:Lacika, "Bratislava", p. 70
1244:Lacika, "Bratislava", p. 47
1221:Lacika, "Bratislava", p. 36
1026:B-S-2 "Mulda" – in a forest
766:Chapel of the Christ's body
66:First Czechoslovak Republic
1436:
853:
806:House at Klariská Street 1
777:and Convent of Poor Clares
1193:October 16, 2007, at the
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763:Chapel of Saint Catherine
700:Bratislava Fortifications
116:
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99:Bratislava Fortifications
42:Bratislava fortifications
18:Bratislava Fortifications
1254:Sloboda, Martin (2006).
1007:hraničiarsky prapor č.50
557:Vtáčia bašta, Vogelturm
333:Maria Theresa of Austria
267:Maria Theresa of Austria
68:between the World Wars,
884:In the spring of 1915,
579:Hviezdoslavovo námestie
202:Mostly demolished, one
1232:"Kultúra slova 1997/3"
1006:
989:
981:
933:Bratislava Forest Park
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864:Sigismund Gate of the
786:St. Martin's Cathedral
603:St. Martin's Cathedral
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342:St. Martin's Cathedral
271:St. Martin's Cathedral
148:St. Martin's Cathedral
38:
1405:History of Bratislava
1108:" – close to village
987:
979:
863:
838:History of Bratislava
596:
546:North of New bastion
511:Next to Vydrica Gate
344:comprised phase two.
33:
1374:Lacika, Ján (2000).
1133:Old Town, Bratislava
894:Carpathian Mountains
833:Old Town, Bratislava
770:Saint James's Chapel
543:Thurren Luginslandt
491:Shoemakers' bastion
1258:. MS Agency s.r.o.
1164:. 13 September 2002
1138:Tourism in Slovakia
917:Austro-Prussian War
540:Luginsland bastion
247:in the 16th century
138:City fortifications
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931:mountains and the
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726:Fishermen's Gate (
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456:Butchers' bastion
407:Gunpowder bastion
396:Alternative names
283:Kingdom of Hungary
214:and some parts of
171:Kingdom of Hungary
167:Controlled by
39:
1351:. Pevnosti.szm.sk
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523:New bastion
516:Vydrica Gate
484:Laurinc Gate
381:Laurinc Gate
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291:Laurinc Gate
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236:Battles/wars
231:13th century
223:Site history
189:Open to
74:Nazi Germany
70:World War II
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999:World War I
946:Description
915:during the
647:Vtáčia veža
643:Baxova veža
623:scaffolding
444:Behind the
323:Due to the
243:, Siege by
58:World War I
1399:Categories
1376:Bratislava
1256:Bratislava
1210:Yad Vashem
1144:References
795:Townhouses
728:demolished
721:demolished
709:demolished
686:Bratislava
415:Bratislava
311:battlement
301:, after a
255:Bratislava
216:city walls
128:city walls
125:Bratislava
106:Bratislava
46:Bratislava
1355:2 October
1168:2 October
995:Petržalka
608:Nový Most
446:Ursulines
399:Location
299:Sigismund
239:Siege by
204:city gate
199:Condition
194:Partially
82:communist
1291:Archived
1191:Archived
1127:See also
1072:refinery
1070:Slovnaft
966:tourists
962:homeless
898:Budapest
818:See also
757:Churches
683:Medieval
379:towards
354:bastions
348:Bastions
263:medieval
259:Slovakia
212:bastions
208:barbican
183:Slovakia
162:Slovakia
110:Slovakia
78:Cold War
50:Slovakia
1114:UŽ-6a "
1110:Lozorno
1106:Lozorno
1092:Jarovce
1088:Jarovce
1049:Austria
940:Görlitz
925:kaverny
890:Russian
741:Castles
365:cannons
303:Hussite
277:History
210:, some
62:bunkers
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1104:UŽ-6 "
1097:UŽ-6 "
1086:ÚŽ-6 "
1018:Danube
1003:Slovak
921:Slovak
909:Vienna
905:Danube
775:Church
571:Danube
402:Notes
329:castle
295:Danube
218:remain
143:Height
1368:Notes
1120:Cifer
1099:Cífer
955:Today
589:Today
583:Korzo
467:guild
228:Built
159:Owner
1380:ISBN
1357:2012
1260:ISBN
1170:2012
1116:5270
636:euro
356:and
206:, a
135:Type
1162:SME
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