405:
171:
27:
771:
201:
originating in
Switzerland and distributed throughout the Alpine region. It falls within the "Brown Mountain" group of cattle breeds. The Swiss Braunvieh was originally a triple-purpose animal, used for milk production, for meat and for
328:
in 1993. It is registered in the same herd book as the modern-type
Braunvieh, but has different breeding aims. Efforts to preserve the original Braunvieh type had begun in Germany in 1988 with the formation of the
316:
conformation. In
Germany what began as a programme of improvement became in effect a programme of substitution; by 1994 the genetic contribution of the Brown Swiss to the Braunvieh had reached 60%.
361:
or Bruna
Italiana is distributed throughout Italy. Braunvieh were imported from central Switzerland from the sixteenth century, and diffused from the Alpine valleys into the flat country of
283:
The Schwyz and two other breeds of Alpine brown cattle were recognised in 1875, and in 1879 the three were combined into a single herd book with the name
Schweizerische Braunvieh. In 1897 a
801:
343:
The
Braunvieh has given rise to several European cattle breeds in the Alpine region, in Austria, in Germany, in Italy and in Spain, as well as the Brown Swiss in the United States.
269:
for a cattle breed was that kept at the monastery for the
Braunvieh from 1775 to 1782. A description from 1795 of Schwyzer cattle calls them the largest and finest of the country.
1291:
1549:
911:
825:
considered in
Switzerland to be wholly or partly of Swiss origin. Inclusion here does not necessarily imply that a breed is predominantly or exclusively Swiss.
653:
415:
The
Braunvieh is a uniform brown or grey-brown in color; the nose is black and encircled by a pale ring. The horns are pale with dark points. Cows weigh some
935:
considered in Italy to be wholly or partly of
Italian origin. Inclusion here does not necessarily imply that a breed is predominantly or exclusively Italian.
688:
Genomweite Detektion von Selektionssignaturen in divergent selektierten Rinderpopulationen mit anschließender Identifikation eines möglichen kausalen Gens
794:
700:
633:
Das schweizerische Braunvieh: Monographie und Quellenwerk über die Braunviehrasse, ihre Verbreitung, Züchtung und Förderung in Geschichte und Gegenwart
649:
1368:
1284:
787:
904:
354:
of Austria was of medium weight, muscular, usually brown with a pale dorsal stripe. In 1923 the name was changed to Voralberger Braunvieh.
1315:
Many have complex or obscure histories, so inclusion here does not necessarily imply that a breed is predominantly or exclusively German.
712:
492:
229:
of the Swiss Braunvieh is from the American breed. Small numbers of the original breed, unaffected by cross-breeding, are registered as
495:. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed November 2021.
715:. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed October 2015.
1277:
759:
735:
569:
543:
515:
324:
In Switzerland some breeders had continued to breed the traditional type of dual-purpose Braunvieh, and this was formalised as the
277:
897:
1408:
590:
Marleen Felius, Marie-Louise Beerling, David S. Buchanan, Bert Theunissen, Peter A. Koolmees and Johannes A. Lenstra (2014).
1256:
920:
273:
1473:
1453:
1300:
810:
1329:
213:
In the latter part of the nineteenth century cattle of this type were exported to the United States, where they were
1344:
1231:
976:
857:
1493:
1433:
1448:
1357:
1350:
1221:
1151:
1051:
1463:
1388:
1121:
284:
1398:
1056:
1216:
1126:
258:
1519:
1378:
1544:
1206:
1373:
1334:
1016:
862:
966:
867:
347:
1031:
1006:
1001:
991:
404:
374:
369:– where they rapidly supplanted the mostly red-coated local breeds – and then further south as far as
1438:
1201:
1196:
1161:
1156:
1116:
846:
463:
1096:
674:(in German). Gesellschaft zur Erhaltung alter und gefährdeter Haustierrassen. Accessed October 2015.
1413:
1176:
1046:
1036:
254:
1483:
690:(doctoral dissertation, in German). Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München. Accessed October 2015.
358:
1478:
1458:
1211:
1131:
687:
393:
385:, Bruna bulls were used to cover local cows, leading to the creation of the tough and productive
325:
234:
214:
179:
1468:
1061:
956:
1443:
1226:
1111:
1418:
1363:
1106:
755:
731:
565:
539:
511:
378:
294:
1091:
559:
505:
1136:
1066:
946:
872:
841:
602:
298:
250:
961:
190:
1423:
1191:
1181:
1026:
981:
878:
305:
203:
175:
443:
The Braunvieh is a dairy breed. Depending on location, milk production ranges between
1538:
1324:
851:
396:
exclusively for milk production, and developed into the modern American Brown Swiss.
532:
Valerie Porter, Lawrence Alderson, Stephen J.G. Hall, D. Phillip Sponenberg (2016).
1403:
1310:
1146:
1101:
932:
822:
752:
Atlante delle razze autoctone: Bovini, equini, ovicaprini, suini allevati in Italia
409:
207:
170:
725:
631:
533:
1186:
1071:
386:
332:
Arbeitsgemeinschaft zur Erhaltung und Züchtung des Original Braunviehs im Allgäu
309:
218:
779:
1488:
1428:
1041:
351:
262:
222:
1383:
1171:
1076:
986:
951:
591:
266:
246:
217:
for dairy qualities only, and developed into a distinct breed, the American
1269:
671:
1393:
1141:
1086:
1081:
1021:
1011:
889:
382:
370:
362:
1247:
1166:
996:
774:(in German). Bern: Bundesamt fĂĽr Landwirtschaft. Accessed January 2023.
619:
Bemerkungen ĂĽber die Alpen-Wirtschaft auf einer Reise durch die Schweiz
420:
373:. In 1950 it was still the principal dairy breed of Italy, before the
245:
The Braunvieh derives from the grey-brown mountain cattle raised from
606:
366:
226:
198:
151:
26:
403:
313:
169:
507:
Mason's World Dictionary of Livestock Breeds, Types and Varieties
1273:
1244:
893:
783:
703:(in German). Schweizerische Braunvieh. Archived 21 April 2016.
392:
Braunvieh exported to the United States from about 1870 were
335:. In Italy it is known as the Bruna Italiana Vecchio Ceppo.
535:
Mason's World Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding
140:
312:
with the aim of improving milk yield, physical size, and
290:
Verbands Schweizerischer Braunviehzucht-Genossenschaften
772:
Tiergenetische Ressourcen der Schweizer Landwirtschaft
225:
with these American cattle, such that over 75% of the
139:
originally a triple-purpose breed, for milk, meat and
713:
Breed data sheet: Bruna Italiana Vecchio Ceppo/Italy
257:. Documents from the late fourteenth century at the
1313:
considered to be wholly or partly of German origin.
656:). Schweizerische Braunvieh. Archived 4 March 2016.
133:
108:
83:
78:
70:
62:
33:
493:Breed data sheet: Braunvieh / Switzerland (Cattle)
221:. From about 1960 the Braunvieh was extensively
621:(in German). Leipzig: Gräff; cited by Engeler.
206:work; the modern Braunvieh is predominantly a
1285:
905:
795:
8:
672:Schwerpunkt - Rinder: Das Original Braunvieh
510:, sixth edition. Wallingford; Boston: CABI.
330:
304:Between 1967 and 1998 there was substantial
288:
19:
1503:
1292:
1278:
1270:
1241:
912:
898:
890:
802:
788:
780:
592:On the History of Cattle Genetic Resources
564:. Minneapolis, Minnesota: Voyageur Press.
197:is a breed or group of breeds of domestic
25:
18:
504:Valerie Porter, Ian Lauder Mason (2020).
1550:Cattle breeds originating in Switzerland
586:
584:
582:
580:
578:
746:
744:
682:
680:
474:
265:, now part of Austria. The first known
1369:Deutsches Schwarzbuntes Niederungsrind
554:
552:
528:
526:
524:
666:
664:
662:
488:
486:
484:
482:
480:
478:
7:
750:Daniele Bigi, Alessio Zanon (2008).
644:
642:
538:(sixth edition). Wallingford: CABI.
261:record the export of such cattle to
1356:Deutsche Holstein Schwarzbunt (see
730:. Doetinchem, Netherlands: Misset.
1474:Rotvieh alter Angler Zuchtrichtung
1454:Murnau-Werdenfelser Fleischnutzung
14:
754:(in Italian). Milan: Edagricole.
408:Brown and grey-brown cows at the
617:Ludwig Wallrath Medicus (1795).
278:International Exhibition of 1862
1349:Deutsche Holstein Rotbunt (see
1330:Angler Rind alter Zuchtrichtung
686:Sophie Maria Rothammer (2011).
636:(in German). Frauenfeld: Huber.
727:Cattle Breeds: An Encyclopedia
381:breed, achieved dominance. In
274:Exposition Universelle of 1855
1:
1345:Braunvieh alter Zuchtrichtung
1257:Mediterranea Italiana buffalo
977:Bruna Italiana Vecchio Ceppo
858:Original Schweizer Braunvieh
811:Cattle breeds of Switzerland
701:Schweizer Original Braunvieh
670:Wolfgang Kustermann (1994).
431:, with an average height of
326:Schweizer Original Braunvieh
272:Braunvieh were shown at the
231:Original Schweizer Braunvieh
1494:Vorderwälder Fleischnutzung
1434:Hinterwälder Fleischnutzung
1566:
1232:Varzese-Ottonese-Tortonese
447:(in mountain regions) and
1515:
1506:
1502:
1320:
1307:
1254:
1240:
1152:Pugliese del basso Veneto
942:
927:
832:
817:
561:The Field Guide to Cattle
427:; bulls weigh on average
331:
289:
146:
138:
46:Schweizerisches Braunvieh
24:
1464:Pinzgauer Fleischnutzung
1389:Fleckvieh Fleischnutzung
1358:Holstein Friesian cattle
1351:Holstein Friesian cattle
1301:Cattle breeds of Germany
1222:Valdostana Pezzata Rossa
1409:German Black Pied Dairy
1399:Gelbvieh Fleischnutzung
1217:Valdostana Pezzata Nera
1057:Grigia di Val di Fiemme
724:Marleen Felius (1995).
558:Valerie Porter (2008).
419:, with a height at the
259:Monastery of Einsiedeln
1127:Pezzata Rossa Italiana
921:Cattle breeds of Italy
630:Willy Engeler (1947).
412:
320:The Original Braunvieh
182:
1520:Berchtesgadener Katze
1379:Doppelnutzung Rotbunt
1122:Pezzata Rossa d'Oropa
1052:Grigia di Val d'Adige
407:
285:breeders' association
276:in Paris, and at the
193:, "brown cattle") or
173:
16:Swiss breed of cattle
1157:Pustertaler Sprinzen
464:Brune (cattle breed)
1374:Deutsches Shorthorn
1335:Ansbach-Triesdorfer
255:Central Switzerland
249:times in the Swiss
21:
1212:Valdostana Castana
1017:Chianino-Maremmana
868:Rätisches Grauvieh
863:Original Simmental
413:
339:In other countries
308:with the American
235:Original Braunvieh
183:
180:canton of Obwalden
1532:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1449:Murnau-Werdenfels
1364:Deutsche Rotbunte
1267:
1266:
1263:
1262:
967:Bianca Val Padana
887:
886:
454:litres per year.
379:Holstein-Friesian
293:, was founded in
168:
167:
63:Country of origin
1557:
1504:
1294:
1287:
1280:
1271:
1242:
1032:Frisona Italiana
914:
907:
900:
891:
804:
797:
790:
781:
775:
769:
763:
748:
739:
722:
716:
710:
704:
697:
691:
684:
675:
668:
657:
646:
637:
628:
622:
615:
609:
607:10.3390/d6040705
588:
573:
556:
547:
530:
519:
502:
496:
490:
453:
452:
446:
434:
430:
426:
418:
375:Frisona Italiana
350:of the southern
334:
333:
299:canton of Aargau
292:
291:
251:canton of Schwyz
215:selectively bred
160:
154:
29:
22:
1565:
1564:
1560:
1559:
1558:
1556:
1555:
1554:
1535:
1534:
1533:
1524:
1511:
1498:
1469:Rotes Höhenvieh
1316:
1314:
1303:
1298:
1268:
1259:
1250:
1236:
962:Bianca Modenese
938:
923:
918:
888:
883:
873:Swiss Fleckvieh
828:
813:
808:
778:
770:
766:
762:. p. 9–11.
749:
742:
723:
719:
711:
707:
698:
694:
685:
678:
669:
660:
647:
640:
629:
625:
616:
612:
589:
576:
557:
550:
531:
522:
503:
499:
491:
476:
472:
460:
450:
448:
444:
441:
432:
428:
425:140–152 cm
424:
417:650–700 kg
416:
402:
400:Characteristics
341:
322:
243:
227:genetic make-up
164:
159:Bos primigenius
158:
150:
129:
126:
125:
118:
104:
101:
100:
93:
92:average 1050 kg
58:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1563:
1561:
1553:
1552:
1547:
1537:
1536:
1530:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1522:
1516:
1513:
1512:
1509:Extinct breeds
1507:
1500:
1499:
1497:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1424:Harzer Rotvieh
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1354:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1309:These are the
1308:
1305:
1304:
1299:
1297:
1296:
1289:
1282:
1274:
1265:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1255:
1252:
1251:
1245:
1238:
1237:
1235:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1192:Sardo Modicana
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
972:Bruna Italiana
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
943:
940:
939:
937:
936:
931:These are the
928:
925:
924:
919:
917:
916:
909:
902:
894:
885:
884:
882:
881:
879:Swiss Holstein
876:
870:
865:
860:
855:
849:
844:
839:
833:
830:
829:
827:
826:
821:These are the
818:
815:
814:
809:
807:
806:
799:
792:
784:
777:
776:
764:
740:
717:
705:
692:
676:
658:
638:
623:
610:
601:(4): 705–750.
574:
548:
520:
497:
473:
471:
468:
467:
466:
459:
456:
440:
437:
401:
398:
377:, the Italian
340:
337:
321:
318:
306:cross-breeding
242:
239:
176:Melchsee-Frutt
166:
165:
163:
162:
155:
147:
144:
143:
136:
135:
131:
130:
128:
127:
124:average 135 cm
123:
121:
119:
117:average 152 cm
116:
112:
110:
106:
105:
103:
102:
99:average 610 kg
98:
96:
94:
91:
87:
85:
81:
80:
76:
75:
72:
68:
67:
64:
60:
59:
57:
56:
53:
50:
47:
44:
41:
40:Bruna Italiana
37:
35:
31:
30:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1562:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1545:Cattle breeds
1543:
1542:
1540:
1521:
1518:
1517:
1514:
1510:
1505:
1501:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1355:
1352:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1319:
1312:
1311:cattle breeds
1306:
1302:
1295:
1290:
1288:
1283:
1281:
1276:
1275:
1272:
1258:
1253:
1249:
1243:
1239:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1207:Val di Chiana
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1047:Grigia alpina
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
944:
941:
934:
933:cattle breeds
930:
929:
926:
922:
915:
910:
908:
903:
901:
896:
895:
892:
880:
877:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
853:
852:Fribourgeoise
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
834:
831:
824:
823:cattle breeds
820:
819:
816:
812:
805:
800:
798:
793:
791:
786:
785:
782:
773:
768:
765:
761:
760:9788850652594
757:
753:
747:
745:
741:
737:
736:9789054390176
733:
729:
728:
721:
718:
714:
709:
706:
702:
696:
693:
689:
683:
681:
677:
673:
667:
665:
663:
659:
655:
651:
645:
643:
639:
635:
634:
627:
624:
620:
614:
611:
608:
604:
600:
597:
593:
587:
585:
583:
581:
579:
575:
571:
570:9780760331927
567:
563:
562:
555:
553:
549:
545:
544:9781780647944
541:
537:
536:
529:
527:
525:
521:
517:
516:9781789241532
513:
509:
508:
501:
498:
494:
489:
487:
485:
483:
481:
479:
475:
469:
465:
462:
461:
457:
455:
438:
436:
423:in the range
422:
411:
406:
399:
397:
395:
390:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
355:
353:
349:
344:
338:
336:
327:
319:
317:
315:
311:
307:
302:
300:
296:
286:
281:
279:
275:
270:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
240:
238:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
211:
209:
205:
200:
196:
192:
188:
181:
177:
172:
161:
156:
153:
149:
148:
145:
142:
137:
132:
120:
114:
113:
111:
107:
95:
89:
88:
86:
82:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
54:
51:
48:
45:
42:
39:
38:
36:
32:
28:
23:
1508:
1484:Vogesen-Rind
1404:German Angus
1339:
1147:Pontremolese
1102:Mucca Pisana
971:
875:or Simmental
836:
767:
751:
726:
720:
708:
695:
652:(in German;
632:
626:
618:
613:
598:
595:
560:
534:
506:
500:
442:
429:1050 kg
414:
410:Simplon Pass
391:
359:Bruna Alpina
356:
345:
342:
323:
303:
282:
271:
244:
230:
212:
194:
186:
184:
157:
43:Brune Suisse
1479:Uckermärker
1439:Lakenvelder
1187:Sardo Bruna
1072:Marchigiana
433:152 cm
387:Sardo-Bruna
310:Brown Swiss
280:in London.
219:Brown Swiss
208:dairy breed
195:Swiss Brown
66:Switzerland
55:Swiss Brown
34:Other names
1539:Categories
1489:Vorderwald
1429:Hinterwald
1132:Piemontese
1062:Grossetana
1042:Garfagnina
957:Bardigiana
654:in English
650:Geschichte
470:References
352:Vorarlberg
263:Vorarlberg
223:cross-bred
1459:Pinzgauer
1444:Limpurger
1384:Fleckvieh
1340:Braunvieh
1227:Valtarese
1172:Romagnola
1137:Pinzgauer
1112:Pasturina
1077:Maremmana
1007:Carniella
1002:Camandona
992:Calabrese
987:Cabannina
952:Agerolese
947:Abruzzese
854:(extinct)
837:Braunvieh
596:Diversity
297:, in the
267:herd book
247:mediaeval
187:Braunvieh
178:, in the
20:Braunvieh
1419:Grauvieh
1394:Gelbvieh
1202:Valdarno
1197:Sicilian
1162:Reggiana
1142:Podolica
1117:Perugina
1107:Ossolana
1087:Modicana
1082:Modenese
1022:Cinisara
1012:Chianina
699:(2012).
648:(2012).
458:See also
383:Sardinia
371:Calabria
365:and the
363:Lombardy
348:Montafon
122:Female:
97:Female:
52:Schwyzer
1248:bovines
1167:Rendena
1097:Montana
1092:Mölltal
1027:Demonte
997:Calvana
982:Burlina
847:Évolène
421:withers
241:History
204:draught
141:draught
1325:Angeln
1246:Other
1177:Romana
1067:Lucana
1037:Friuli
842:HĂ©rens
758:
734:
568:
542:
514:
367:Veneto
295:BĂĽnzen
287:, the
199:cattle
191:German
152:Cattle
115:Male:
109:Height
90:Male:
84:Weight
79:Traits
49:Schwyz
1182:Sarda
314:udder
134:Notes
74:dairy
1414:Glan
756:ISBN
732:ISBN
566:ISBN
540:ISBN
512:ISBN
445:7200
394:bred
357:The
346:The
185:The
603:doi
451:000
439:Use
253:in
233:or
174:In
71:Use
1541::
743:^
679:^
661:^
641:^
594:.
577:^
551:^
523:^
477:^
449:12
435:.
389:.
301:.
237:.
210:.
1360:)
1353:)
1293:e
1286:t
1279:v
913:e
906:t
899:v
803:e
796:t
789:v
738:.
605::
599:6
572:.
546:.
518:.
189:(
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