1991:(US$ 300,000 or ~9,600,000 THB) for a woman of high social standing, a beauty queen, or a highly educated woman. The bride price in Thailand is paid at the engagement ceremony, and consists of three elements: cash, Thai (96.5 percent pure) gold, and the more recent Western tradition of a diamond ring. The most commonly stated rationale for the bride price in Thailand is that it allows the groom to demonstrate that he has enough financial resources to support the bride (and possibly her family) after the wedding. In many cases, especially when the amount is large, the parents of a Thai bride will return all or part of the bride price to the couple in the form of a wedding gift following the engagement ceremony.
2104: 10,000. A house is often required along with the bride price (an apartment is acceptable, but rentals are not) and a car under both or only the bride's name, neither of which are counted toward the bride price itself. In some regions, the bride's family may demand other kinds of gifts, none counted toward the bride price itself. May 18 is a particularly auspicious day on which to pay the bride price and marry as its Chinese wording is phonetically similar to "I will get rich". Bride prices are rising quickly in China largely without documentation but a definite verbal and cultural understanding of where bride prices are today.
20:
2011:
is to honor the wife giver "Mayu" and to create a strong relationship. The exact details of the “bride wealth” system vary by time and place. In Kachin society, bride wealth is required to be given by wife taker “Dama” to wife giver “Mayu.” Kachin ancestors thought that if wife takers “Dama” gave a large bride price to wife giver “Mayu”; it meant that they honored the bride and her family, and no one would look down on the groom and bride.
735:
57:
1820:, a traditional marriage ceremony depends on payment of a bride price to be valid. In Sub-Saharan Africa, bride price must be paid first in order for the couple to get permission to marry in church or in other civil ceremonies, or the marriage is not considered valid by the bride's family. The amount can vary from a token to a great sum, real estate and other values.
1764:
1554:) 22:28-29 similarly states, "If a man find a damsel that is a virgin, that is not betrothed, and lay hold on her, and lie with her, and they be found; then the man that lay with her shall give unto the damsel’s father fifty shekels of silver, and she shall be his wife, because he hath humbled her; he may not put her away all his days."
2232:. In North East India, notably in Assam (the indigenous Assamese ethnic groups) an amount or token of bride price was and is still given in various forms. In some parts of Indian state of Gujarat, bride price is rather prevalent, resulting from the fact that there are lesser number of girls than boys in the society.
1608:. The language used for various marriage transactions, however, may blur distinctions between bride price and dowry, and a third practice called "indirect dowry," whereby the groom hands over property to the bride which is then used to establish the new household. "Homeric society" is a fictional construct involving
2108:
has increased competition for ever higher bride prices. Financial distress is an unacceptable and ignored justification for not paying the bride price. If the grooms' side cannot agree or pay, they or simply the groom himself must still pay a bride price thus borrowing from relatives is a popular if
1572:
This innovation came about because the bride price created a major social problem: many young prospective husbands could not raise the amount at the time when they would normally be expected to marry. To enable these young men to marry, the rabbis (in effect) delayed the time that the amount would be
1583:
To this day in traditional Jewish weddings between opposite-sex couples, the groom gives the bride an object of value, such as a wedding ring, to fulfill the requirement in the ketubah. The object given must have a certain minimal value to satisfy the obligation but, modernly, the value is otherwise
2010:
society they have the system of Mayu and Dama. "Mayu" means a group of people who give woman and "Dama" means a group of people who take woman. The “bride wealth” system is extremely important for kinship system in Kachin society and has been used for centuries. The purpose of giving "bride wealth"
1479:
exists in societies where manual labor is more important than capital. In Sub-Saharan Africa where land was abundant and there were few or no domesticated animals, manual labor was more valuable than capital, and therefore bridewealth dominated. In
Eastern Europe, the bride's family is compensated
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which leaves parents with neither retirement funding nor caretaking if their only child is taken away as brides typically move into the groom's residence upon marrying as well as testing the groom's ability to marry by paying cash and emotionally giving up his resources to the bride. Publicly,
1732:
Morning gifts, which might be arranged by the bride's father rather than the bride, are given to the bride herself. The name derives from the
Germanic tribal custom of giving them the morning after the wedding night. The woman might have control of this morning gift during the lifetime of her
1832:
In some societies, marriage is delayed until all payments are made. If the wedding occurs before all payments are made, the status is left ambiguous. The bride price tradition can have destructive effects when young men don't have the means to marry. In strife-torn South Sudan, many young men
1828:
Xhosa, Shona, Venda, Zulu, Ndebele etc. The amount includes a few to several head of cattle, goats and a sum of money depending on the family. The cattle and goats constitute an integral part of the traditional marriage for ceremonial purposes during and after the original marriage ceremony.
1580:, because the bride would lack the benefit of the financial settlement in case of divorce or death of the husband; without which the woman and her children could become a burden on the community. However, the husband could refuse to pay if a divorce was on account of adultery by the wife.
1951:. It is also common in Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan. The price may range from a small sum of money or a single piece of livestock to what amounts to a herd of livestock, depending on local traditions and the expectations and agreements of the families involved. The tradition is upheld in
1886:
and dancing is accompanied after the payment is done, which usually happens on the doorstep, before the bride leaves her home with her escort (usually a male family member who would then walk her into the church). It is still practised by
Muslims in the region and is called
2118:
families cite bride price as insurance in case the man abandons or divorces the wife and that the bride price creates goodwill between families. The groom's side should pay more than what the bride's side has demanded to "save face". Amounts preferably follow the usual
2096:, bride prices were usually in a form of a sack of rice or wheat. However bride prices were sent in secret during the Cultural Revolution following a public discouragement on bride price, which was seen as a feudalist legacy. Since Deng's reform, bride prices vary from
1569:; women cannot divorce their husbands in orthodox Jewish law); or by his estate in the event of his death. The provision in the ketubah replaced the bride price tradition recited in the Torah, which was payable at the time of the marriage by the groom.
1549:
translation): "And if a man entice a virgin that is not betrothed, and lie with her, he shall surely pay a dowry for her to be his wife. If her father utterly refuse to give her unto him, he shall pay money according to the dowry of virgins." Devarim
1573:
payable, when they would be more likely to have the sum. The object — in either case — was financial protection for the wife should the husband die, divorce her or disappear. The only difference between the two systems was the timing of the payment.
1987:") is common in both Thai-Thai and Thai-foreign marriages. The bride price may range from nothing—if the woman is divorced, has a child fathered by another man, or is widely known to have had premarital relations with men—to tens of millions of
1873:
of the groom's family influences the amount of the bridewealth that ought to be paid. When the matter is settled to the contentment of both menages, the groom's father may kiss the hand of the bride's father to express his chivalrous regard and
1741:, a union where the wife's inferior social status was held to prohibit her children from inheriting a noble's titles or estates. In this case, the morning gift would support the wife and children. Another legal provision for widowhood was
2748:
1472:
exist in societies where capital is more valuable than manual labor. For instance, in Middle Ages Europe, the family of a bride-to-be was compelled to offer a dowry — land, cattle and money — to the family of the husband-to-be.
2658:
1683:
between the prospective husband and the bride's father, but while gift exchange is a fundamental practice of aristocratic friendship and hospitality, it occurs rarely, if at all, in connection with marriage arrangements.
1696:
prior to the consummation of the marriage. A mahr differs from the standard bride-price in that it is paid not to the family of the bride, but to the wife to keep for herself; it is thus more accurately described as a
2126:
by implementing marriage reforms, with involves capping the maximum amount of bride price which was implemented by trial in several regions, notably
Chengdu, Guangzhou and Shenyang, apart from the ruling from the
1737:. Depending on legal systems and the exact arrangement, she may not be entitled to dispose of it after her death, and may lose the property if she remarries. Morning gifts were preserved for many centuries in
3045:
1411:, which is property settled on the bride herself by the groom at the time of marriage. Some cultures may practice both simultaneously. Many cultures practiced bride dowry prior to existing records.
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677:
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2113:". Inability to pay is cause for preventing a marriage which either side can equally recommend. Privately, families need bride prices due to China's lack of a social security net and a
1959:
in a Kabul refugee camp, who was to be married to the son of the money lender who provided with the girl's father $ 2500 so the man could pay medical bills. According to anthropologist
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societies where women have little personal wealth, dowry is instead common since there is a relative scarcity of wealthy men who can choose from many potential women when marrying.
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3162:
1466:, as was thought in the early twentieth century. Instead, it is a purely symbolic gesture acknowledging (but never paying off) the husband's permanent debt to the wife's parents.
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with a good heart; but if they, of their own good pleasure, remit any part of it to you, take it and enjoy it without fear of any harm (as Allah has made it lawful).
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mentions bride price in various laws as an established custom. It is not the payment of the bride price that is prescribed, but the regulation of various aspects:
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dated 17 January, 2024 regarding the prohibition of demanding property under the name of marriage, which includes bride price that allows cases for reimbursement.
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11.287–297 and 15.231–238. The two versions vary, but the bride price demanded takes the form of a mythological test, labor, or ordeal; William G. Thalman,
3213:
3093:
2085:
and jewelry, as well as the bride price. On the actual wedding day, the bride's family will return a portion of the bride price (sometimes in the form of
648:
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In fact, the rabbis were so insistent on the bride having the "benefit of the ketubah" that some even described a marriage without one as being merely
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1563:, a formal contract. The ketubah provided for an amount to be paid by the husband in the event he divorced his wife (i.e. if he gives her a
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a man who paid the bride price but looked for another bride would not get a refund, but he would if the father of the bride refused the match
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Changing patterns in the betrothal and marriage process in some rural villages of modern China can be represented as the following stages:
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husband, but is entitled to it when widowed. If the amount of her inheritance is settled by law rather than agreement, it may be called
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3158:
1745:, in which property, often land, would be held in joint tenancy, so that it would automatically go to the widow on her husband's death.
3094:"A Map Of China's Bride Price Distribution: Shanghai Tops The List At One Million Yuan And Chongqing The Only City Where Love Is Free"
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2380:, Edited by Robin Dunbar and Louise Barret, Oxford University Press, 2007, Chapter 26, "The evolutionary ecology of family size".
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were no longer part of Greek society. Mentions of them preserve, if they have a historical basis at all, customs dating from the
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return the bride price given for her, because she was adulterous. It is possible that the
Homeric "bride price" is part of a
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would involve the bridegroom's family paying to the father of the bride. The amount of money of the niqda is reached by
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Bridewealth is commonly paid in a currency that is not generally used for other types of exchange. According to French
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2020:
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In many parts of
Central Asia nowadays, bride price is mostly symbolic. Various names for it in Central Asia include
534:
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conventions though the sum is far more important. Attempts to tackle skyrocketing bride prices were also done by the
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if a wife died without sons, her father was entitled to the return of her dowry, minus the value of the bride price.
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that states a
Knowledge (XXG) editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.
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Social Change and
Continuity in a Village in Northern Anhui, China: A Response to Revolution and Reform
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2055:'propose marriage'), where both families will meet to discuss the amount of the bride price (
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2077:; 'going through the great ceremony') takes place (on an auspicious date). The groom and a
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paid to the groom in some cultures, or used by the bride to help establish the new household, and
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The Jewish Way in Love & Marriage, Rabbi
Maurice Lamm, Harper & Row, 1980, Chapter 15
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2065:) demanded, among other things. Several weeks before the actual wedding, the ritual of
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1824:(or Lobola, sometimes also known as Roora) is the same tradition in most cultures in
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Money or other form of wealth paid by a groom or his family to the family of the bride
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2007:
1955:. A "dark distortion" of it involved a 6-year-old daughter of an Afghan refugee from
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discusses the practice of paying a bride price to the father of a virgin at Shemot (
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3441:
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1651:, the least arguable references to bride price are in the marriage settlements for
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1983:(Thai: สินสอด, pronounced and often erroneously referred to by the English term "
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Num Wawn Num La Shaman Ga hte
Htinggaw Mying Gindai,2010, Mougaung Baptist Church
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It is still practised by Muslims in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh and is called
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Modern loves: the anthropology of romantic courtship & companionate marriage
2484:
Grosz-Ngaté, Maria Luise; Hanson, John H.; O'Meara, Patrick, eds. (2014-04-18).
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1438:. The amount changing hands may range from a token to continue the traditional
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1446:, and as much as a $ 100,000 in exceptionally large bride dowry in parts of
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bride dowry basket piece from the early 20th century. In the collection of
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2922:"Forget dowries: Chinese men have to pay up to US$ 24,000 to get a bride"
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1976:
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Jewish law in ancient times insisted upon the betrothed couple signing a
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2157:, "Accord with Heaven's mandate" (i.e. find a ritually auspicious day);
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1706:
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1600:
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explanation for dowry and bride price is that bride price is common in
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75:
2806:"Shanghai Journal;It's a Lucky Day in May, and Here Come the Brides"
3042:"China's brides go for gold as their dowries get bigger and bigger"
2896:"The Price of Marriage in China: Infographic Shows Astounding Data"
2100: 1,000,000 in famously money-centric Shanghai to as little as
1622:
Age of Migrations (c. 1200–1000 BC) and the two centuries following
3938:
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3610:
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2472:
The Swineherd and the Bow: Representations of Class in the Odyssey
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1984:
1878:. These situations are usually filmed and incorporated within the
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or his family to the woman or the family of the woman he will be
3855:
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3297:, Osaka, Japan: National Museum of Ethnology, December 20, 2001.
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will visit the bride's family bearing gifts like wedding cakes,
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1888:
1714:
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societies which have a relative scarcity of available women. In
1189:
843:
190:
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2920:
Gwynn Guilford, Ritchie King & Herman Wong (June 9, 2013).
1692:
Islamic law commands a groom to give the bride a gift called a
1639:
that he can take a bride without paying the bride price (Greek
1757:
1616:
were composed, "primitive" practices such as bride price and
2952:"For Chinese Women, Marriage Depends On Right 'Bride Price'"
1462:
Philippe Rospabé, its payment does therefore not entail the
1775:
personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay
1403:
to or is just about to marry. Bride dowry is equivalent to
1994:
It is also practised by Muslims in Thailand and is called
1414:
The tradition of giving bride dowry is practiced in many
2559:"Assyrian Rituals of Life-Cycle Events by Yoab Benjamin"
3374:. Cf. Chapter 1 "Love and Jewelry", on the bride price.
2741:"In a Richer China, Billionaires Put Money on Marriage"
1781:
1442:, to many thousands of US dollars in some marriages in
2291:"Brief Communications: "Bridewealth" vs. "Brideprice""
2190:, "asking the wifegivers the date of the wedding"; and
3153:
3151:
2531:
Aleu, Philip Thon & Mach, Parach (26 June 2016).
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Bride prices varies by eras, for instance during the
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3543:
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3422:
3415:
2771:"Rich guy seeks girl, must be virgin: Read this ad"
1592:Some of the marriage settlements mentioned in the
3092:Lisa Mahapatra & Sophie Song (June 6, 2013).
1869:between groups of people from both families. The
1963:, the practice increased after the fall of the
1667:, who demanded cattle for her; and the goddess
3210:"How Much Are You Worth, Chinese Bride-to-Be?"
3123:
3121:
2839:"In a Changing China, New Matchmaking Markets"
2649:"Afghan Debt's Painful Payment: A Daughter, 6"
2378:The Oxford Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology
3393:
3184:"Chinese Wedding Traditions: The Bride Price"
2196:
2185:
2174:
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2152:
2141:
1713:And give to the women (whom you marry) their
1343:
711:
8:
3260:"中国发布丨最高法：3种情形不属于彩礼，彩礼返还及返还比例要看共同生活时间长短-中国网"
2089:) and a set of gifts as a goodwill gesture.
1837:for this reason, often risking their lives.
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2424:
2422:
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2323:"Bride Price: 'My husband can't afford me'"
2240:It is still practised by Muslims, known as
2050:
649:Matrilineal / matrilocal societies
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2516:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2474:(Cornell University Press, 1998), p. 157f.
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2205:It is also practised by Muslims known as
1804:Learn how and when to remove this message
1604:suggest that bride price was a custom of
2533:"Risking one's life to be able to marry"
2431:Archaeology and the Emergence of Greece'
3334:"Bride price skyrockets in Panchmahals"
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762:
732:
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375:
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267:
218:
46:
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2943:
2509:
2168:, "looking in the face", i.e. meeting;
3360:Hirsch, Jennifer S., Wardlow, Holly,
3159:"Bride Price (聘金): How Much To Give?"
3035:
3033:
2983:"The Steep Price for a Chinese Bride"
2539:from the original on 17 November 2019
1946:
1933:
1920:
1907:
1857:, commonly practice the bride price (
29:The Children's Museum of Indianapolis
7:
2628:from the original on 19 January 2021
2591:. Cambridge: Cambridge UP. pp.
2587:Religious policy in the Soviet Union
2535:. D+C, development and cooperation.
2029:, an auspicious date is selected to
661:Sex and Repression in Savage Society
3307:Sharma, Radha (November 15, 2003).
3216:from the original on March 26, 2014
3106:from the original on April 19, 2014
3048:from the original on April 10, 2014
2993:from the original on April 19, 2014
2962:from the original on April 21, 2014
2928:from the original on April 18, 2014
3236:"多地列入全国婚俗改革试验区，婚俗改革改的是什么？ - 青岛新闻网"
3040:Moore, Malcolm (January 4, 2013).
2681:"Cultural aspects within marriage"
2393:. Translated by L. W. King. 1915.
670:Social Bonding and Nurture Kinship
14:
3186:. August 26, 2012. Archived from
3128:Roberts, Marcus (June 12, 2013).
2981:Trivedi, Anjani (June 10, 2013).
2661:from the original on 5 April 2013
2647:Rubin, Alissa J. (1 April 2013).
161:Parallel / cross cousins
3309:"Gujarati grooms pay for brides"
2769:French, Howard W. (2006-01-23).
2739:French, Howard W. (2006-01-24).
2618:"Kyrgyz Bride Price Controversy"
2488:(Fourth ed.). Bloomington.
2397:from the original on 2010-10-20.
1762:
1705:, it is mentioned in chapter 4,
1450:where bride dowry is customary.
733:
55:
3332:Shaikh, Sajid (July 23, 2001).
3165:from the original on 2014-04-19
2902:from the original on 2014-04-17
2874:from the original on 2014-04-17
2849:from the original on 2015-03-24
2816:from the original on 2014-04-18
2781:from the original on 2021-01-19
2751:from the original on 2012-05-05
2565:from the original on 2019-11-28
1853:, who are indigenous people of
2950:Lim, Louisa (April 23, 2013).
2074:
2070:
2061:
2056:
2046:
2038:
1:
3295:Senri Ethnological Studies 58
2308:10.1525/aa.1966.68.3.02a00070
1675:threatens to make her father
1643:), instead receiving a dowry
1610:legendary figures and deities
1432:some Pacific Island societies
303:Household forms and residence
3099:International Business Times
3070:. 2012-03-25. Archived from
3015:. 2013-06-06. Archived from
2837:Larmer, Brook (2013-03-09).
2197:
2186:
2175:
2164:
2153:
2142:
1681:reciprocal exchange of gifts
1480:for their loss of a worker.
368:Classificatory terminologies
3409:Interpersonal relationships
2804:Faison, Seth (1996-05-22).
2433:. Cornell University Press.
2353:. Melville House. pp.
2350:Debt: The First 5,000 Years
2201:, "transferring the bride".
2021:Chinese pre-wedding customs
3999:
3643:Queerplatonic relationship
2868:"全国聘礼地图：山东3斤百元人民币 重庆0元(图)"
2583:Ramet, Sabrina P. (1993).
2244:in Myanmar, especially in
2106:Gender inequality in China
2018:
1725:
1530:
2124:Ministry of Civil Affairs
1943:
1930:
1917:
1904:
2622:IWPR Issue 17, 22 Dec 05
2429:Snodgrass, A.M. (2006).
2109:not required option to "
3130:"Chinese "Bride Price""
2391:"The Code of Hammurabi"
2347:Graeber, David (2011).
2295:American Anthropologist
2146:, "propose a marriage";
1671:herself, whose husband
1485:evolutionary psychology
2129:Supreme People's Court
1784:by rewriting it in an
1719:
1709:, verse 4 as follows:
1584:nominal and symbolic.
678:"The Traffic in Women"
511:Coming of Age in Samoa
32:
3558:Friends with benefits
3457:Same-sex relationship
2616:Rakhimdinova, Aijan.
1711:
1158:Emotions and feelings
694:Cultural anthropology
654:Feminist anthropology
446:Australian Aboriginal
22:
3914:Relationship anarchy
3452:Domestic partnership
3240:news.qingdaonews.com
2399:See Laws 163 and 164
2179:, "being betrothed";
1416:East Asian countries
585:Bronisław Malinowski
3721:Romantic friendship
3366:, Macmillan, 2006.
3068:"I have a solution"
2224:Indian subcontinent
2043:traditional Chinese
1739:morganatic marriage
1464:purchase of a woman
1434:, notably those in
1391:, or other form of
1312:Narcissistic parent
690:Social anthropology
580:Claude Lévi-Strauss
363:Kinship terminology
186:Joking relationship
181:Posthumous marriage
3866:Unconditional love
3715:Maîtresse-en-titre
3698:à la façon du pays
3338:The Times of India
3313:The Times of India
3289:2009-06-19 at the
3212:. April 24, 2013.
2843:The New York Times
2810:The New York Times
2775:The New York Times
2745:The New York Times
2654:The New York Times
2035:simplified Chinese
1909:[qaləɴmal]
1786:encyclopedic style
1773:is written like a
1663:, the daughter of
1130:marital separation
620:David M. Schneider
466:Polyandry in Tibet
33:
3970:
3969:
3957:Domestic violence
3729:
3728:
3505:Open relationship
3447:Significant other
3264:news.china.com.cn
3190:on April 19, 2014
2364:978-1-933633-86-2
2053:
1814:
1813:
1806:
1513:Code of Hammurabi
1360:
1359:
1317:Power and control
1041:
1040:
1037:
1036:
909:Significant other
889:Mixed-orientation
749:
728:
727:
625:Marilyn Strathern
605:Stephen O. Murray
519:
518:
426:
425:
344:
343:
298:
297:
3990:
3420:
3402:
3395:
3388:
3379:
3348:
3347:
3345:
3344:
3329:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3319:
3304:
3298:
3280:
3274:
3273:
3271:
3270:
3256:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3246:
3232:
3226:
3225:
3223:
3221:
3206:
3200:
3199:
3197:
3195:
3180:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3170:
3155:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3141:
3136:on July 24, 2018
3132:. Archived from
3125:
3116:
3115:
3113:
3111:
3089:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3079:
3064:
3058:
3057:
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2590:
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2555:
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2475:
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2435:
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2426:
2409:
2406:
2400:
2398:
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2369:
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2344:
2338:
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2335:
2334:
2319:
2313:
2312:
2310:
2283:
2200:
2199:
2189:
2188:
2178:
2177:
2167:
2166:
2156:
2155:
2145:
2144:
2115:one child policy
2076:
2072:
2063:
2058:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2040:
1957:Helmand Province
1950:
1948:[kɐˈɫɨm]
1945:
1937:
1932:
1924:
1922:[qɑlɯ́ŋ]
1919:
1911:
1906:
1809:
1802:
1798:
1795:
1789:
1766:
1765:
1758:
1655:, the sister of
1527:Jewish tradition
1499:Historical usage
1448:Papua New Guinea
1352:
1345:
1338:
903:
760:
743:
737:
730:
720:
713:
706:
638:Related articles
610:Michelle Rosaldo
439:
357:
225:
212:
70:
59:
47:Anthropology of
35:
3998:
3997:
3993:
3992:
3991:
3989:
3988:
3987:
3973:
3972:
3971:
3966:
3952:Dating violence
3933:
3924:Sexual activity
3870:
3814:
3725:
3669:
3594:
3573:One-night stand
3539:
3491:
3411:
3406:
3357:
3355:Further reading
3352:
3351:
3342:
3340:
3331:
3330:
3326:
3317:
3315:
3306:
3305:
3301:
3291:Wayback Machine
3281:
3277:
3268:
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3258:
3257:
3253:
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2346:
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2330:
2321:
2320:
2316:
2285:
2284:
2280:
2275:
2258:
2238:
2226:
2220:
2027:Chinese culture
2025:In traditional
2023:
2017:
2004:
1973:
1961:Deniz Kandiyoti
1935:[qalɨn]
1897:
1848:
1843:
1826:Southern Africa
1810:
1799:
1793:
1790:
1782:help improve it
1779:
1767:
1763:
1756:
1751:
1730:
1724:
1690:
1606:Homeric society
1590:
1535:
1529:
1506:
1501:
1456:
1428:parts of Africa
1356:
1327:
1326:
1287:
1277:
1276:
1262:Sexual activity
1225:
1217:
1216:
1160:
1150:
1149:
1116:
1108:
1107:
1051:
1043:
1042:
1033:
1009:
995:Mutual monogamy
876:
855:
757:
742:
738:
724:
692:
684:
683:
680:
673:
664:
644:Alliance theory
639:
631:
630:
629:
600:Lewis H. Morgan
595:Henrietta Moore
575:Eleanor Leacock
570:Louise Lamphere
565:Roger Lancaster
540:Tom Boellstorff
529:
528:Major theorists
521:
520:
497:
474:
436:
428:
427:
422:
415:Dravidian
354:
346:
345:
325:
210:Nurture kinship
200:
166:Cousin marriage
67:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3996:
3994:
3986:
3985:
3975:
3974:
3968:
3967:
3965:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3943:
3941:
3935:
3934:
3932:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3895:
3894:
3889:
3878:
3876:
3872:
3871:
3869:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3822:
3820:
3816:
3815:
3813:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
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3795:
3794:
3793:
3788:
3780:
3775:
3765:
3764:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3737:
3735:
3731:
3730:
3727:
3726:
3724:
3723:
3718:
3711:
3709:Royal favorite
3706:
3704:Royal mistress
3701:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3677:
3675:
3671:
3670:
3668:
3667:
3662:
3661:
3660:
3655:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3634:
3633:
3628:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3602:
3600:
3596:
3595:
3593:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3576:
3575:
3568:Sexual partner
3565:
3560:
3555:
3549:
3547:
3541:
3540:
3538:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3501:
3499:
3493:
3492:
3490:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3428:
3426:
3417:
3413:
3412:
3407:
3405:
3404:
3397:
3390:
3382:
3376:
3375:
3356:
3353:
3350:
3349:
3324:
3299:
3275:
3251:
3227:
3201:
3175:
3147:
3117:
3084:
3059:
3029:
3004:
2973:
2939:
2912:
2898:. 2013-06-11.
2884:
2870:. 2013-06-05.
2859:
2826:
2791:
2761:
2731:
2710:
2701:
2672:
2639:
2608:
2601:
2575:
2550:
2523:
2494:
2476:
2460:
2448:
2436:
2410:
2401:
2382:
2370:
2363:
2339:
2314:
2301:(3): 732–737.
2287:Dalton, George
2277:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2269:
2264:
2262:Bride services
2257:
2254:
2248:and is called
2237:
2234:
2225:
2222:
2213:and is called
2203:
2202:
2191:
2180:
2169:
2158:
2147:
2094:Republican era
2016:
2013:
2003:
2000:
1979:, bride price—
1972:
1969:
1896:
1893:
1861:) custom. The
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1812:
1811:
1770:
1768:
1761:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1726:Main article:
1723:
1720:
1689:
1686:
1589:
1588:Ancient Greece
1586:
1528:
1525:
1524:
1523:
1520:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1460:anthropologist
1455:
1452:
1420:Eastern Europe
1358:
1357:
1355:
1354:
1347:
1340:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
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1283:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1269:
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1259:
1254:
1249:
1248:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1203:
1202:
1197:
1187:
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1177:
1172:
1167:
1161:
1156:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1123:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1079:
1078:
1076:Bachelor's Day
1068:
1063:
1058:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1039:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1032:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1010:
1008:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
976:
973:
972:
962:
961:
960:
959:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
899:
898:
894:
893:
892:
891:
886:
885:
884:
882:Group marriage
875:
874:
873:
872:
867:
856:
854:
853:
848:
847:
846:
841:
830:
827:
826:
819:
818:
817:
816:
811:
806:
801:
800:
799:
794:
784:
779:
771:
770:
758:
755:
754:
751:
750:
726:
725:
723:
722:
715:
708:
700:
697:
696:
686:
685:
682:
681:
676:
674:
667:
665:
658:
656:
651:
646:
640:
637:
636:
633:
632:
628:
627:
622:
617:
612:
607:
602:
597:
592:
587:
582:
577:
572:
567:
562:
557:
552:
550:W. D. Hamilton
547:
542:
537:
531:
530:
527:
526:
523:
522:
517:
516:
515:
514:
504:
503:
499:
498:
496:
495:
490:
484:
481:
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476:
475:
473:
472:
463:
458:
453:
448:
442:
437:
434:
433:
430:
429:
424:
423:
421:
420:
412:
407:
402:
400:Eskimo (Inuit)
397:
392:
387:
381:
378:
377:
373:
372:
371:
370:
365:
355:
352:
351:
348:
347:
342:
341:
340:
339:
334:
329:
323:
318:
313:
305:
304:
300:
299:
296:
295:
294:
293:
291:Patrilineality
288:
286:Matrilineality
283:
278:
270:
269:
265:
264:
263:
262:
257:
252:
247:
242:
237:
221:
220:
216:
215:
214:
213:
198:
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188:
183:
178:
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168:
163:
158:
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143:
138:
133:
128:
123:
118:
113:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
68:
66:Basic concepts
65:
64:
61:
60:
52:
51:
44:
43:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3995:
3984:
3981:
3980:
3978:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3944:
3942:
3940:
3936:
3930:
3929:Transgression
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3884:
3883:
3880:
3879:
3877:
3873:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3823:
3821:
3817:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3805:Singles event
3803:
3801:
3798:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3783:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3770:
3769:
3766:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3743:
3742:
3739:
3738:
3736:
3732:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3716:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3699:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3678:
3676:
3672:
3666:
3663:
3659:
3658:Consequential
3656:
3654:
3651:
3650:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3638:Platonic love
3636:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3623:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3603:
3601:
3597:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3574:
3571:
3570:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3553:Casual dating
3551:
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3074:on 2016-11-30
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3019:on 2014-04-19
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2720:
2719:"传统农业地区的婚姻特征"
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1880:wedding video
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1771:This section
1769:
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1722:Morning gifts
1721:
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1614:Homeric epics
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1098:Singles event
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939:Queerplatonic
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851:Open marriage
849:
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740:Relationships
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590:Margaret Mead
588:
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555:Gilbert Herdt
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276:Ambilineality
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255:House society
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151:Bride service
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91:Consanguinity
89:
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37:
36:
30:
26:
21:
3899:Gold digging
3881:
3713:
3697:
3606:Acquaintance
3599:Non-romantic
3590:Sugar dating
3520:Polyfidelity
3497:Non-monogamy
3442:Cohabitation
3362:
3341:. Retrieved
3337:
3327:
3316:. Retrieved
3312:
3302:
3294:
3278:
3267:. Retrieved
3263:
3254:
3243:. Retrieved
3239:
3230:
3218:. Retrieved
3204:
3192:. Retrieved
3188:the original
3178:
3167:. Retrieved
3138:. Retrieved
3134:the original
3108:. Retrieved
3097:
3087:
3076:. Retrieved
3072:the original
3062:
3050:. Retrieved
3021:. Retrieved
3017:the original
3007:
2995:. Retrieved
2986:
2976:
2964:. Retrieved
2955:
2930:. Retrieved
2915:
2904:. Retrieved
2876:. Retrieved
2862:
2851:. Retrieved
2842:
2818:. Retrieved
2809:
2783:. Retrieved
2774:
2764:
2753:. Retrieved
2744:
2734:
2725:
2713:
2704:
2692:. Retrieved
2690:. 2015-04-28
2688:Bangkok Post
2687:
2675:
2663:. Retrieved
2652:
2642:
2632:25 September
2630:. Retrieved
2621:
2611:
2586:
2578:
2567:. Retrieved
2553:
2541:. Retrieved
2526:
2485:
2479:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2455:
2451:
2443:
2439:
2430:
2404:
2385:
2377:
2373:
2349:
2342:
2331:. Retrieved
2329:. 2020-01-28
2326:
2317:
2298:
2294:
2281:
2239:
2227:
2219:
2204:
2193:
2182:
2171:
2160:
2150:He tian ming
2149:
2138:
2133:
2120:red envelope
2091:
2066:
2060:
2030:
2024:
2005:
1993:
1980:
1974:
1898:
1895:Central Asia
1871:social state
1858:
1855:Western Asia
1849:
1846:Western Asia
1835:steal cattle
1831:
1816:In parts of
1815:
1800:
1794:January 2021
1791:
1772:
1749:Contemporary
1731:
1712:
1691:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1628:
1626:
1599:
1593:
1591:
1582:
1575:
1571:
1564:
1558:
1556:
1545:) 22:16-17 (
1536:
1507:
1482:
1476:
1475:
1469:
1468:
1457:
1413:
1380:
1374:
1371:bride-wealth
1370:
1366:
1362:
1361:
1229:
1005:Polyfidelity
990:Non-monogamy
934:Life partner
924:Cohabitation
668:
659:
509:
468: /
435:Case studies
416:
281:Unilineality
240:Matrilateral
233: /
208: /
204: /
196:Cohabitation
145:
101:Incest taboo
3962:Elder abuse
3947:Child abuse
3882:Bride price
3800:Meet market
3782:Separation
3530:Concubinage
2726:传统农业地区的婚姻特征
2194:Jie xin ren
1953:Afghanistan
1867:negotiation
1688:Islamic law
1578:concubinage
1552:Deuteronomy
1504:Mesopotamia
1477:Bridewealth
1424:Middle East
1381:bride token
1367:bride-dowry
1363:Bride price
1230:Bride price
1088:Meet market
1019:Concubinage
804:Grandparent
615:Gayle Rubin
353:Terminology
268:Linealities
146:Bride price
136:Concubinage
3919:Repression
3909:Infidelity
3836:Compersion
3831:Attachment
3674:Historical
3665:Sycophancy
3616:Friendship
3563:Enjo kōsai
3545:Casual sex
3437:Girlfriend
3343:2022-09-25
3318:2022-09-25
3282:Han, Min,
3269:2024-04-23
3245:2024-04-23
3169:2014-04-17
3078:2014-04-16
3023:2014-04-16
2906:2014-04-16
2878:2014-04-16
2853:2014-04-16
2820:2014-04-16
2785:2014-04-16
2755:2014-04-16
2569:2018-02-12
2333:2023-07-28
2273:References
2083:sweetmeats
2079:matchmaker
2019:See also:
1884:Folk music
1673:Hephaestus
1647:). In the
1531:See also:
1510:Babylonian
1493:monogamous
1489:polygynous
1395:paid by a
1272:Repression
1257:Infidelity
1170:Attachment
1071:Engagement
1050:Activities
944:Friendship
919:Girlfriend
897:Partner(s)
560:Don Kulick
545:Jack Goody
535:Diane Bell
461:Philippine
337:Patrilocal
321:Matrilocal
316:Matrifocal
260:Avunculate
250:Collateral
3904:Hypergamy
3875:Practices
3851:Limerence
3773:Annulment
3746:Courtship
3696:Marriage
3580:Courtesan
3515:Polyamory
3487:Widowhood
3432:Boyfriend
3220:April 16,
3194:April 16,
3140:April 16,
3110:April 16,
3052:April 16,
2997:April 16,
2966:April 16,
2932:April 16,
2512:cite book
2504:873805936
2242:Rohingyas
2183:Yao ri zi
2161:Jian mian
2111:save face
2067:guo da li
1989:Thai baht
1876:gratitude
1863:tradition
1851:Assyrians
1701:. In the
1669:Aphrodite
1635:promises
1633:Agamemnon
1436:Melanesia
1252:Hypergamy
1224:Practices
1212:Sexuality
1185:Limerence
1145:Widowhood
1135:Annulment
1061:Courtship
1024:Courtesan
1000:Polyamory
952:cross-sex
914:Boyfriend
865:Polyandry
502:Sexuality
417:(debated)
235:Bilateral
141:Polyandry
3983:Marriage
3977:Category
3846:Jealousy
3841:Intimacy
3826:Affinity
3819:Emotions
3686:Seraglio
3681:Cicisbeo
3653:Familiar
3648:Stranger
3631:Siblings
3535:Mistress
3525:Polygamy
3482:Soulmate
3467:Marriage
3462:Monogamy
3424:Romantic
3287:Archived
3214:Archived
3163:Archived
3104:Archived
3046:Archived
3013:"全国聘礼地图"
2991:Archived
2960:Archived
2926:Archived
2900:Archived
2872:Archived
2847:Archived
2814:Archived
2779:Archived
2749:Archived
2694:12 March
2659:Archived
2626:Archived
2624:. IWPR.
2563:Archived
2537:Archived
2395:Archived
2327:BBC News
2289:(1966).
2256:See also
2211:Xinjiang
2172:Ding hun
1977:Thailand
1971:Thailand
1905:қалыңмал
1743:jointure
1657:Odysseus
1637:Achilles
1618:polygamy
1454:Function
1444:Thailand
1389:property
1322:Stalking
1302:Domestic
1195:Platonic
1180:Jealousy
1175:Intimacy
1165:Affinity
1029:Mistress
1014:Cicisbeo
985:Monogamy
966:Intimate
948:romantic
929:Same-sex
870:Polygyny
860:Polygamy
824:marriage
768:adoptive
479:Feminist
470:in India
410:Sudanese
405:Hawaiian
385:Iroquois
376:By group
327:Neolocal
311:Extended
231:Cognatic
176:Sororate
171:Levirate
131:Polygamy
126:Polygyny
121:Monogamy
106:Endogamy
96:Marriage
86:Affinity
40:a series
38:Part of
3861:Passion
3810:Wedding
3791:Marital
3778:Divorce
3768:Breakup
3756:Romance
3741:Bonding
3691:Plaçage
3621:Kinship
3472:Husband
2956:NPR.org
2684:(Video)
2665:1 April
2468:Odyssey
2458:15.367.
2456:Odyssey
2355:131–132
2236:Myanmar
2207:Uyghurs
2062:pìn jīn
1981:sin sod
1965:Taliban
1940:Russian
1780:Please
1707:An-Nisa
1653:Ctimene
1649:Odyssey
1645:(pherne
1627:In the
1601:Odyssey
1560:ketubah
1533:Ketubah
1470:Dowries
1430:and in
1401:married
1307:Elderly
1245:service
1207:Passion
1140:Divorce
1121:Breakup
1115:Endings
1103:Wedding
1093:Romance
1056:Bonding
946: (
839:Husband
809:Sibling
777:Kinship
764:Genetic
746:Outline
488:Chambri
456:Chinese
451:Burmese
332:Nuclear
219:Descent
202:Fictive
111:Exogamy
81:Lineage
49:kinship
3761:Mating
3751:Dating
3734:Events
3626:Family
3585:Gigolo
3370:
2599:
2543:7 July
2502:
2492:
2486:Africa
2361:
2139:Ti qin
2045::
2037::
2031:ti qin
2008:Kachin
2002:Kachin
1938:, and
1914:Kyrgyz
1901:Kazakh
1822:Lobolo
1818:Africa
1754:Africa
1703:Qur'an
1665:Neleus
1641:hednon
1543:Exodus
1440:ritual
1422:, the
1393:wealth
1297:Dating
1083:Mating
1066:Dating
980:Casual
970:sexual
834:Spouse
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