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770:. This may benefit offspring as it reduces the risk of the offspring inheriting two copies of a defective gene. Nancy Wilmsen Thornhill states that the drive in humans to not reproduce or be attracted to one's immediate family is evolutionarily adaptive, as it reduces the risk of children having genetic defects caused by inbreeding, as a result of inheriting two copies of a deleterious recessive gene.
795:
43:
870:. From a genetic point of view, aversion to breeding with close relatives results in fewer congenital diseases. If one person has a faulty gene, breeding outside his group increases the chances that his partner will have another functional type gene and their child may not suffer the defect. Outbreeding favours the condition of
917:
introduced the "Alliance Theory" of exogamy, that is, that small groups must force their members to marry outside so as to build alliances with other groups. According to this theory, groups that engaged in exogamy would flourish, while those that did not would all die, either literally or because
910:
Morgan maintains that exogamy was introduced to prevent marriage between blood relations, especially between brother and sister, which had been common in an earlier state of promiscuity. Frazer says that exogamy was begun to maintain the survival of family groups, especially when single families
926:
Dual exogamy, in which two groups continually intermarry with each other, is a traditional form of arranging marriages in numerous modern societies and in many societies described in classical literature. It can be matrilineal or patrilineal. It is practiced by some
663:
947:
and others. In tribal societies, the dual exogamy union lasted for many generations, ultimately uniting the groups initially unrelated by blood or language into a single tribe or nation.
703:
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they lacked sufficient ties for cultural and economic exchange, leaving them at a disadvantage. The exchange of men or women served as a uniting force between groups.
892:. He said that a people had religious respect for the blood of a totemic clan, for the clan totem is a god and is present especially in the blood, a sacred substance.
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which is a traditional group of people who may be distantly related but have been living in the same area or have an ancestral home in the same area.
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727:. The group defines the scope and extent of exogamy, and the rules and enforcement mechanisms that ensure its continuity. One form of exogamy is
738:, exogamy is viewed as a combination of two related aspects: biological and cultural. Biological exogamy is the marriage of people who are not
955:
Linguistic exogamy is a form of cultural exogamy in which marriage occurs between speakers of different languages. The custom is common among
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society, inbreeding increases the risk of "neonatal and postneonatal mortality." In French populations, the children of first cousins develop
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holds that exogamy was due originally to a scarcity of women among small bands. Men were obliged to seek wives from other groups, including
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outside a specified group of people to which a person belongs. Thus, persons may be expected to marry outside their
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Exogamy often results in two individuals that are not closely genetically related marrying each other; that is,
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2011:
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Tchen P, Bois E, Feingold J, Feingold N, Kaplan J (September 1977). "Inbreeding in recessive diseases".
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1447:"Les pratiques linguistiques des enfants de familles francophones vivant à l'extérieur du Québec"
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Effects of the growth of human activities on the TaĂŻ forest of the south-west of the Ivory coast
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The
Natural History of Inbreeding and Outbreeding: Theoretical and Empirical Perspectives
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750:. Cultural exogamy is marrying outside a specific cultural group; the opposite being
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Researchers have proposed different theories to account for the origin of exogamy.
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The Fish People - Linguistic
Exogamy and Tukanoan Identity in Northwest Amazonia
1429:
Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran
Toimituksia = Mémoires de la Société Finno-Ougrienne
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Morgan LH (1871). "Systems of
Consanguinity and Affinity of the Human Family".
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Golovnev AV. "From One to Seven: Numerical
Symbolism in Khanty Culture".
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clan(s) or other groups, in addition to outside closer blood relatives.
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819: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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Social arrangement which only allows marriage outside a social group
1382:
Fainberg L (1967). "On the
Question of the Eskimo kinship system".
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852:
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communities, as well as among indigenous groups in the northwest
1918:
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Potapov LP (1969). "Ethnic
Composition and Origin of Altaians".
176:
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1046:, Victoria University of Wellington, 2002, Volumes 35-36, p.81
1479:
788:
731:, in which two groups continually intermarry with each other.
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said an aversion to marriage between blood relatives or near
1422:"The very highly connected nodes in the Ob-Ugrian networks"
874:, that is having two nonidentical copies of a given gene.
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781:at a greater rate than the general population.
882:, and exogamy developed as a cultural custom.
1510:
1078:Dorsten LE, Hotchkiss L, King TM (May 1999).
697:
8:
1309:Glimpses of Tribal Life in North-east India
1067:. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
635:Matrilineal / matrilocal societies
1986:
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1503:
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1321:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1218:. New York: Cosimo Inc. pp. 100–102.
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835:Learn how and when to remove this message
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1241:Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge
903:, people can only marry outside their
866:emerged with a parental deterrence of
1336:Turkish Studies Association Bulletin,
7:
1264:. New York: Cosimo Inc. p. 95.
817:adding citations to reliable sources
723:of mating or marrying outside one's
647:Sex and Repression in Savage Society
847:Cultural exogamy is the custom of
754:, marriage within a social group.
656:Social Bonding and Nurture Kinship
14:
931:, historically widespread in the
147:Parallel / cross cousins
2433:
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911:became larger political groups.
793:
41:
804:needs additional citations for
2415:Marriage in pre-Islamic Arabia
1:
2024:Ghost marriage in South Sudan
1464:. Cambridge University Press.
1247:(2). Smithsonian Institution.
1187:The English Historical Review
289:Household forms and residence
1261:Totemism and Exogamy Vol. IV
1215:Totemism and Exogamy Vol. IV
1044:New Zealand Slavonic Journal
354:Classificatory terminologies
2487:
979:: surname exogamy in China
2428:
1288:. Encyclopædia Britannica
996:: exogamous unit in India
1420:Csepregi, Márta (2009).
1371:. UNESCO. December 2017.
742:. This is regulated by
1487:Encyclopædia Britannica
1311:. Calcutta. p. 52.
1183:"The Origin of Exogamy"
2012:Chinese ghost marriage
1490:(11th ed.). 1911.
664:"The Traffic in Women"
497:Coming of Age in Samoa
1199:10.1093/ehr/iii.ix.94
888:derives exogamy from
680:Cultural anthropology
640:Feminist anthropology
432:Australian Aboriginal
1338:1982, Volume 6, p.79
1063:Thornhill N (1993).
1015:Interracial marriage
813:improve this article
571:Bronisław Malinowski
2471:Population genetics
2253:Royal intermarriage
1955:Mystery of Crowning
1460:Jackson JE (1983).
1449:. 17 December 2015.
1403:Arctic Anthropology
1384:Arctic Anthropology
1010:Interfaith marriage
915:Claude LĂ©vi-Strauss
880:marriage by capture
748:laws against incest
676:Social anthropology
566:Claude LĂ©vi-Strauss
349:Kinship terminology
172:Joking relationship
167:Posthumous marriage
2119:Marriage allowance
1749:Widow conservation
1526:Types of marriages
1258:Frazer JG (1910).
1212:Fraser JG (1910).
1149:10.1007/BF00527398
951:Linguistic exogamy
860:Edvard Westermarck
758:Biology of exogamy
606:David M. Schneider
452:Polyandry in Tibet
2448:
2447:
2182:
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2169:Mixed-orientation
2019:Widow inheritance
1698:Marriage in Islam
1688:Clerical marriage
1286:"Alliance Theory"
935:, TaĂŻ societies (
929:Australian tribes
895:In some forms of
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611:Marilyn Strathern
591:Stephen O. Murray
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1352:. Leningrad: 44.
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551:Roger Lancaster
526:Tom Boellstorff
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2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2221:
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2217:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2208:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2185:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
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2145:
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2125:
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2110:
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2037:
2036:
2032:
2031:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2020:
2017:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1988:
1985:
1979:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1936:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1908:
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1903:
1901:
1898:
1897:
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1823:
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1801:
1797:
1795:
1794:
1790:
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1783:
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1776:
1774:
1773:
1769:
1767:
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1570:
1568:
1565:
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1508:
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1497:
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1378:
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1356:
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1337:
1332:
1329:
1324:
1318:
1310:
1303:
1300:
1287:
1281:
1278:
1273:
1271:9781605209791
1267:
1263:
1262:
1254:
1251:
1246:
1242:
1235:
1232:
1227:
1225:9781605209814
1221:
1217:
1216:
1208:
1205:
1200:
1196:
1193:(9): 94–104.
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1174:
1171:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1131:
1128:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1090:(2): 263–71.
1089:
1085:
1081:
1074:
1071:
1066:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1040:
1037:
1030:
1026:
1025:Miscegenation
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
995:
992:
990:
987:
984:
983:Emmanuel Todd
981:
978:
975:
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968:
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873:
869:
865:
861:
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850:
839:
836:
828:
818:
814:
808:
807:
802:This section
800:
796:
791:
790:
784:
782:
780:
776:
771:
769:
765:
757:
755:
753:
749:
745:
744:incest taboos
741:
737:
732:
730:
726:
722:
718:
707:
702:
700:
695:
693:
688:
687:
685:
684:
681:
677:
674:
673:
665:
661:
658:
657:
652:
649:
648:
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
627:
621:
620:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
576:Margaret Mead
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
541:Gilbert Herdt
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
518:
511:
510:
499:
498:
494:
493:
492:
491:
486:
480:
477:
475:
472:
471:
469:
468:
463:
457:
453:
450:
448:
445:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
430:
429:
427:
426:
418:
417:
405:
404:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
368:
366:
365:
360:
355:
352:
350:
347:
346:
345:
344:
336:
335:
324:
321:
319:
316:
314:
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
294:
293:
292:
287:
278:
275:
273:
270:
268:
265:
263:
262:Ambilineality
260:
259:
258:
257:
252:
247:
244:
242:
241:House society
239:
237:
234:
232:
229:
227:
224:
222:
218:
215:
214:
213:
212:
209:
208:
203:
197:
193:
189:
185:
183:
180:
178:
175:
173:
170:
168:
165:
163:
160:
158:
155:
153:
150:
148:
145:
143:
140:
138:
137:Bride service
135:
133:
130:
128:
125:
123:
120:
118:
115:
113:
110:
108:
105:
103:
100:
98:
95:
93:
90:
88:
85:
83:
80:
78:
77:Consanguinity
75:
73:
70:
68:
65:
63:
60:
59:
58:
57:
49:
48:
44:
40:
39:
36:
31:
27:
23:
22:
19:
2437:
2405:Dishu system
2386:
2271:Human–animal
2262:
2243:Same-surname
2033:
1904:
1838:
1812:
1805:
1798:
1791:
1784:
1777:
1770:
1763:
1744:Self-uniting
1724:
1708:Nikah mut'ah
1609:Nikah mut'ah
1485:
1461:
1455:
1441:
1432:
1428:
1415:
1406:
1402:
1396:
1387:
1383:
1377:
1364:
1358:
1349:
1343:
1335:
1331:
1308:
1302:
1290:. Retrieved
1280:
1260:
1253:
1244:
1240:
1234:
1214:
1207:
1190:
1186:
1173:
1143:(2): 163–7.
1140:
1136:
1130:
1087:
1083:
1073:
1064:
1058:
1043:
1039:
954:
925:
922:Dual exogamy
913:
909:
894:
884:
857:
846:
831:
822:
811:Please help
806:verification
803:
772:
761:
733:
729:dual exogamy
728:
725:social group
716:
715:
654:
645:
495:
454: /
421:Case studies
402:
267:Unilineality
226:Matrilateral
219: /
194: /
190: /
182:Cohabitation
96:
87:Incest taboo
18:
2325:Concubinage
2296:Interracial
2286:Interethnic
2281:Inter-caste
2219:Consanguine
2147:Watta satta
2096:Convenience
1950:Handfasting
1739:Scientology
1713:Nikah 'urfi
1555:Nikah 'urfi
1409:(1): 62–71.
1179:McLennan JF
1000:Heterophily
937:Ivory Coast
764:outbreeding
721:social norm
601:Gayle Rubin
339:Terminology
254:Linealities
132:Bride price
122:Concubinage
2455:Categories
2317:monogamous
2306:Morganatic
2301:Interfaith
2224:Avunculate
2196:Common-law
2114:Green card
2081:Tongyangxi
1997:Posthumous
1938:Ceremonial
1929:Tongyangxi
1786:Prajapatya
1589:Remarriage
1084:Demography
1031:References
945:Ob-Ugrians
825:March 2009
779:cystinosis
768:inbreeding
546:Don Kulick
531:Jack Goody
521:Diane Bell
447:Philippine
323:Patrilocal
307:Matrilocal
302:Matrifocal
246:Avunculate
236:Collateral
2362:Polyandry
2276:Hypergamy
2124:Predatory
2066:Hypergamy
2049:Financial
1965:Las Vegas
1945:Betrothal
1900:Abduction
1822:Ayyavazhi
1814:Paishacha
1793:Gandharva
1664:Josephite
1654:Christian
1642:Religious
1604:Hollywood
1599:Temporary
1550:Customary
1390:(1): 244.
1317:cite book
1052:297663912
1005:Hypergamy
488:Sexuality
403:(debated)
221:Bilateral
127:Polyandry
2439:Category
2367:Polygyny
2357:Polygamy
2248:Homogamy
2211:Endogamy
2188:De facto
2174:Sororate
2164:Sologamy
2142:Exchange
2104:Lavender
2029:Levirate
1877:Arranged
1807:Rakshasa
1720:Levirate
1659:Catholic
1626:Putative
1621:Voidable
1614:Wedlease
1594:Same-sex
1584:Marriage
1572:Monogamy
1545:Covenant
1292:15 March
1181:(1888).
1122:26311145
1114:10332616
989:Endogamy
971:See also
967:tribes.
943:, among
901:Shaktism
899:such as
897:Hinduism
890:totemism
849:marrying
752:endogamy
465:Feminist
456:in India
396:Sudanese
391:Hawaiian
371:Iroquois
362:By group
313:Neolocal
297:Extended
217:Cognatic
162:Sororate
157:Levirate
117:Polygamy
112:Polygyny
107:Monogamy
92:Endogamy
82:Marriage
72:Affinity
26:a series
24:Part of
2461:Exogamy
2420:Walking
2379:Sexless
2263:Exogamy
2201:Plaçage
2007:Germany
1960:Wedding
1924:Shotgun
1759:Vivaaha
1734:Natural
1693:Islamic
1560:Plaçage
1350:Science
1165:8849012
1106:2648113
1020:Kinship
773:In one
719:is the
717:Exogamy
474:Chambri
442:Chinese
437:Burmese
318:Nuclear
205:Descent
188:Fictive
97:Exogamy
67:Lineage
35:kinship
2352:Bigamy
2347:Plural
2229:Cousin
2056:Boston
2035:Yibbum
2002:France
1906:Raptio
1895:Forced
1765:Brahma
1726:Yibbum
1703:Misyar
1681:Quaker
1676:Mormon
1649:Jewish
1268:
1222:
1163:
1157:302820
1155:
1120:
1112:
1104:
1050:
965:Tucano
961:Amazon
941:Eskimo
868:incest
231:Lineal
102:Moiety
62:Family
28:on the
2398:Other
2330:Group
2154:Heqin
2135:Other
2086:Trial
2071:Naked
2061:Flash
1990:Death
1983:basis
1970:Proxy
1914:Heqin
1890:Flash
1862:Child
1840:Manus
1832:Yogic
1827:Vedic
1800:Asura
1779:Arsha
1772:Daiva
1754:Hindu
1567:Fleet
1540:Civil
1435:: 15.
1425:(PDF)
1369:(PDF)
1161:S2CID
1118:S2CID
1102:JSTOR
994:Gotra
905:gotra
853:totem
479:Mosuo
381:Omaha
142:Dowry
2342:Open
2335:Line
2315:Non-
2159:Love
2109:Sham
2076:Peer
1919:Miai
1867:Teen
1631:Void
1323:link
1294:2012
1266:ISBN
1220:ISBN
1153:PMID
1110:PMID
1048:OCLC
746:and
376:Crow
192:Milk
177:Clan
1850:Age
1433:258
1195:doi
1145:doi
1092:doi
939:),
864:kin
815:by
734:In
2457::
1484:.
1431:.
1427:.
1407:31
1405:.
1386:.
1319:}}
1315:{{
1245:41
1243:.
1189:.
1185:.
1159:.
1151:.
1141:38
1139:.
1116:.
1108:.
1100:.
1088:36
1086:.
1082:.
1518:e
1511:t
1504:v
1388:4
1325:)
1296:.
1274:.
1228:.
1201:.
1197::
1191:3
1167:.
1147::
1124:.
1094::
838:)
832:(
827:)
823:(
809:.
705:e
698:t
691:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
