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The mud lithofacies consists of thick detrital mud, and the halite lithofacies is defined by giant hopper shaped crystals. Gypsum occurs in large lenticular crystals throughout the playa but is mostly concentrated around the mud lithofacies. Gypsum crystal sizes increase toward the center of the
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Past studies have determined that the gypsum occurring in
Bristol Lake precipitated displacively within the sediment where groundwater saturated with gypsum recharges around the mud lithofacies. This is supported by the geometry of the deposit and by chemical data, which suggests that water
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Rosen 1991 attributed increased concentration of chlorine to be from atmospheric precipitation, however the Ca-Cl concentrations present at
Bristol Lake are not compatible with normal low temperature surface weathering and evaporative concentration processes.
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in inflow waters can decrease nucleation density of minerals resulting in larger crystal sizes. It is likely that a combination of these processes was needed in order to form the gypsum crystals mentioned because gypsum crystals formed from low
362:, and finally a sand flat playa margin. These minerals also have vertical lithofacies which resemble the horizontal facies stratification with gypsum occurring deeper in the playa followed by mud-halite and halite on top.
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It is speculated that a magma chamber drives the formation of Ca-Cl brines at elevated temperatures and drives the transportation of these brines to the surface. Other evidence of a magma chamber in the area is the
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ratios or from microbial activity alone would not result in gypsum crystals large enough, and because gypsum crystal size increases toward the center of the playa where sodium chloride concentrations are greatest.
641:
Lowenstein, Tim, and François
Risacher. "Closed Basin Brine Evolution and the Influence of Ca–Cl Inflow Waters: Death Valley and Bristol Dry Lake California, Qaidam Basin, China, and Salar De Atacama, Chile."
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precipitating gypsum in the playa is more associated with groundwater than the brine at the basin center. The large size of the gypsum crystals may be due to several reasons; inflow waters containing low
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Sediment mineral composition found in the desert saline sediments of southern
California are predominantly influenced by the composition of the source rock, this is true for Bristol Lake as well.
708:
698:
134:
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Hanford, C. Robertson. "Sedimentology and
Evaporite Genesis in a Holocene Continental-sabkha Playa Basin-Bristol Dry Lake, California." Sedimentology, 29.2 (1982): 239–253.
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The brine chemistries at
Bristol Lake are different from those predicted to form by the evaporative concentrations of the two inflow waters currently accounted for.
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Cody R.D., and Cody A.M. “Gypsum
Nucleation and Crystal Morphology in Analog Saline Terrestrial Environments.” Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 58 (1988): 247-255.
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The basin center brines of BDL (saline mudflats and saline pan areas) are Na-Ca-Cl rich with lower concentrations of potassium and magnesium and little sulfate and
593:
Kushner J., “Effect of the Ca/SO4 Ratio on the Growth Rate and
Crystal Habit of Gypsum.” . First Eur. Meeting Int. Ass. Sedimentologists, Bochum, 1980 pp. 239-241.
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Thin crusts and hopper-shaped halite crystals that occur in the sediment are caused by evaporative growth from capillary brines discharging at the surface.
464:-Cl brines with subordinate K and Mg. These brines are predicted to precipitate halite and sodium-sulfate salts during further evaporative concentration.
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472:. Differing from their predicted chemical composition mostly by lacking sulfate, carbonate and bicarbonate and having high levels of chlorine.
53:
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ratios may result in large lenticular crystals, microorganisms have the potential to rework large lenticular crystals, high concentrations of
713:
580:
Rosen, Michael R, and John K Warren, "The Origin and
Significance of Groundwater-seepage Gypsum from Bristol Dry Lake, California, USA."
693:
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brines with minor magnesium and potassium. They will precipitate halite, Na-Sulfate, and Na-carbonate mineral upon further evaporation.
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Droste, John B. "Clay
Minerals in Sediments of Owens, China, Searles. Panamint, Bristol, Cadiz, and Danby Lake Basins, California."
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Bristol Lake's mineralogy is described as having a bullseye pattern of minerals with lithofacies consisting of
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Cody, A.M., and Cody R.D. “Evidence for Microbiological Induction of {101} Montmartre Twinning of Gypsum (CaSO
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The lake is approximately 23 km (14 mi) long and 20 km (12 mi) at its widest point.
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and is the northernmost member of a northwest-southeast trending playa lake system that includes
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Bristol Lake is located in San Bernardino County's Mojave Desert. It is a playa lake in the
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U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Bristol Lake, California
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U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Bristol Lake, California
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evaporator operation is situated on the dry lake bed just east of Amboy Road.
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and its associated lava flows, which occur directly North of Bristol Lake.
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is predicted to precipitate calcite and then gypsum and form neutral Na-SO
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U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Bristol Lake
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which will deplete the water in calcium. These waters evolve into Na-HCO
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610:O).” Journal of Crystal Growth, 98 (1989): 721-730
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709:Landforms of San Bernardino County, California
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699:Lakes of San Bernardino County, California
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292:, 42 km (26 mi) northeast of
299:Bristol Lake is located southeast of
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508:Salt evaporators in Bristol Dry Lake
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520:Bristol Dry Lake after a rainfall
358:at the center surrounded by mud,
290:San Bernardino County, California
121:San Bernardino County, California
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27:Lake in United States of America
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684:Endorheic lakes of California
669:Satellite Photo (Google Maps)
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103:Show map of the United States
714:Lakes of Southern California
532:List of lakes in California
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694:Lakes of the Mojave Desert
632:, 72.11 (1961): 1713–1721.
269:not a well-defined measure
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689:Salt flats of California
336:Basin and Range Province
236:183 m (600 ft)
584:, 37.6 (1990): 983–996.
307:, and is also south of
228:70 km (43 mi)
220:20 km (12 mi)
212:23 km (14 mi)
421:Possible magma chamber
186:Terminal (evaporation)
73:Show map of California
646:, 15.1 (2009): 71–94.
437:will precipitate CaCO
319:are to the west, and
644:Aquatic Geochemistry
150:34.4622°N 115.6738°W
704:Lakes of California
321:Old Woman Mountains
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330:Geological setting
252:Saltus, California
155:34.4622; -115.6738
317:Bullion Mountains
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249:Amboy, California
233:Surface elevation
16:(Redirected from
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294:Twentynine Palms
267:Shore length is
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180:Primary outflows
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18:Bristol Dry Lake
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286:Mojave Desert
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630:GSA Bulletin
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482:Amboy Crater
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313:Amboy Crater
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278:Bristol Lake
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225:Shore length
97:Bristol Lake
67:Bristol Lake
33:Bristol Lake
470:bicarbonate
245:Settlements
209:Max. length
153: /
141:115°40′26″W
128:Coordinates
678:Categories
538:References
350:Mineralogy
344:Danby Lake
340:Cadiz Lake
257:References
217:Max. width
138:34°27′44″N
167:Lake type
526:See also
488:Industry
315:and the
282:dry lake
113:Location
366:playa.
284:in the
449:-Cl-SO
429:Na-HCO
405:Halite
375:Gypsum
360:gypsum
356:halite
456:Cl-SO
396:Ca/SO
309:Cadiz
301:Amboy
280:is a
193:Basin
494:salt
393:NaCl
342:and
303:and
606:*2H
445:-CO
433:-SO
413:Mud
288:of
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569:^
555:^
492:A
386:SO
382:Ca
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384:/
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20:)
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