303:. Non-marine deposits may also contain halite, gypsum, and anhydrite, and may in some cases even be dominated by these minerals, although they did not come from ocean deposits. This, however, does not make non-marine deposits any less important; these deposits often help to paint a picture into past Earth climates. Some particular deposits even show important tectonic and climatic changes. These deposits also may contain important minerals that help in today's economy. Thick non-marine deposits that accumulate tend to form where evaporation rates will exceed the inflow rate, and where there is sufficient soluble supplies. The inflow also has to occur in a closed basin, or one with restricted outflow, so that the sediment has time to pool and form in a lake or other standing body of water. Primary examples of this are called "saline lake deposits". Saline lakes includes things such as perennial lakes, which are lakes that are there year-round, playa lakes, which are lakes that appear only during certain seasons, or any other terms that are used to define places that hold standing bodies of water intermittently or year-round. Examples of modern non-marine depositional environments include the
25:
82:
451:
206:
783:
213:
Marine evaporites tend to have thicker deposits and are usually the focus of more extensive research. When scientists evaporate ocean water in a laboratory, the minerals are deposited in a defined order that was first demonstrated by
Usiglio in 1884. The first phase of precipitation begins when about
187:
Although all water bodies on the surface and in aquifers contain dissolved salts, the water must evaporate into the atmosphere for the minerals to precipitate. For this to happen, the water body must enter a restricted environment where water input into this environment remains below the net rate of
270:
Non-marine evaporites are usually composed of minerals that are not common in marine environments because in general the water from which non-marine evaporite precipitates has proportions of chemical elements different from those found in the marine environments. Common minerals that are found in
262:) may also be included, which often will make up less than four percent of the overall content. However, there are approximately 80 different minerals that have been reported found in evaporite deposits, though only about a dozen are common enough to be considered important rock formers.
545:
1243:
Barnes, Jason W.; Bow, Jacob; Schwartz, Jacob; Brown, Robert H.; Soderblom, Jason M.; Hayes, Alexander G.; Vixie, Graham; Le Mouélic, Stéphane; Rodriguez, Sebastien; Sotin, Christophe; Jaumann, Ralf (2011-11-01).
171:. There are two types of evaporite deposits: marine, which can also be described as ocean deposits, and non-marine, which are found in standing bodies of water such as lakes. Evaporites are considered
192:
environment with a small basin fed by a limited input of water. When evaporation occurs, the remaining water is enriched in salts, and they precipitate when the water becomes supersaturated.
1291:
Czaplinski, Ellen C.; Gilbertson, Woodrow A.; Farnsworth, Kendra K.; Chevrier, Vincent F. (2019-10-17). "Experimental Study of
Ethylene Evaporites under Titan Conditions".
503:
Evaporite minerals, especially nitrate minerals, are economically important in Peru and Chile. Nitrate minerals are often mined for use in the production on
1454:
552:
This is a chart that shows minerals that form the marine evaporite rocks. They are usually the most common minerals that appear in this kind of deposit.
470:
salt. In fact, most evaporite formations do not contain more than a few percent of evaporite minerals, the remainder being composed of the more typical
1025:, that can evaporate out of solution. Evaporite deposits cover large regions of Titan's surface, mainly along the coastlines of lakes or in isolated
218:
begin to form. The next phase in the sequence comes when the experiment is left with about 20% of its original level. At this point, the mineral
500:
Evaporites are important economically because of their mineralogy, their physical properties in-situ, and their behaviour within the subsurface.
921:
The minerals precipitate out of solution in the reverse order of their solubilities, such that the order of precipitation from sea water is:
1030:
315:
1540:
1504:
Hardie, L.A., and
Eugster, H.P., 1971, "The depositional environment of marine evaporites: a case for shallow, clastic accumulation":
1205:
1175:
1478:
68:
46:
1346:"Experimental determination of acetylene and ethylene solubility in liquid methane and ethane: Implications to Titan's surface"
1227:
1121:
1085:
352:
Graben environments in oceanic rift environments fed by limited oceanic input, leading to eventual isolation and evaporation
1225:. Encyclopedia of Earth, eds. A.Jorgensen and C.J.Cleveland, National Council for Science and the environment, Washington DC
998:
518:
because of their geologic stability, predictable engineering and physical behaviour, and imperviousness to groundwater.
986:
The abundance of rocks formed by seawater precipitation is in the same order as the precipitation given above. Thus,
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911:
435:
957:
39:
33:
488:, sequences composed of some proportion of evaporite minerals, and recognition of mud crack textures or other
1605:
1573:
1533:
481:. Examples of evaporite formations include occurrences of evaporite sulfur in Eastern Europe and West Asia.
364:
Internal drainage basins in arid to semi-arid temperate to tropical environments fed by ephemeral drainage
226:
at 10%, excluding carbonate minerals that tend not to be evaporites. The most common marine evaporites are
2025:
50:
1990:
1511:
Benison, K.C., and
Goldstein, R.H., 2002, "Recognizing acid lakes and groundwaters in the rock record":
1414:
1357:
1345:
1310:
1257:
1245:
1081:
391:
156:
2554:
489:
2275:
2544:
1821:
1526:
1404:
1326:
1300:
1051:
1034:
933:
337:
1344:
Singh, S.; Combe, J. -Ph.; Cordier, D.; Wagner, A.; Chevrier, V. F.; McMahon, Z. (2017-07-01).
1001:
in laboratories in order to investigate the conditions and characteristics of their formation.
333:
environments fed by limited riverine drainage, usually in subtropical or tropical environments
81:
1781:
1474:
1432:
1373:
1273:
1201:
1171:
1117:
890:
814:
372:
994:, which is more common than halite, which is more common than potassium and magnesium salts.
2473:
2185:
1972:
1841:
1495:
1422:
1365:
1318:
1265:
1146:
1046:
172:
168:
108:
86:
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For a formation to be recognised as evaporitic it may simply require recognition of halite
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872:
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838:
376:
304:
160:
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914:
when their concentration in water reaches such a level that they can no longer exist as
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2320:
1913:
1836:
1598:
1018:
1010:
868:
821:
514:
Thick halite deposits are expected to become an important location for the disposal of
368:
330:
1322:
2538:
2523:
2438:
2403:
2250:
1816:
1721:
1593:
1427:
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1330:
515:
439:
150:
1221:
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2300:
1947:
1925:
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1771:
1716:
1701:
1555:
1014:
1013:
and laboratory experiments suggest evaporites are likely present on the surface of
341:
1393:"Compositional Similarities and Distinctions Between Titan's Evaporitic Terrains"
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2125:
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2000:
1846:
1786:
1756:
1711:
1669:
1642:
1637:
1627:
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485:
411:
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Example environments include the seep-mounds of the
Victoria Desert, fed by the
326:
243:
164:
450:
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2353:
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2203:
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2100:
2080:
2035:
1957:
1942:
1918:
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1766:
1741:
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1726:
1706:
1615:
1369:
884:
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205:
147:
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2418:
2413:
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2223:
2165:
2145:
2140:
2130:
2115:
2095:
2070:
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2060:
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2015:
1980:
1893:
1861:
1811:
1801:
1776:
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1686:
1647:
1610:
1056:
1022:
987:
979:
975:
859:
850:
526:
508:
478:
387:
Non-basin areas fed exclusively by groundwater seepage from artesian waters
255:
231:
215:
16:
Water-soluble mineral deposit formed by evaporation from an aqueous solution
544:
1499:
1246:"Organic sedimentary deposits in Titan's dry lakebeds: Probable evaporite"
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176:
94:
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1995:
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925:
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829:
474:
251:
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153:
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1985:
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1654:
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991:
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The most significant known evaporite depositions happened during the
422:
403:
322:
223:
219:
90:
1460:
Gore, Rick (December 1982). "The
Mediterranean: Sea of Man's Fate".
782:
1409:
1305:
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2135:
2055:
2010:
2005:
894:
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300:
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204:
80:
1518:
1116:(4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall.
2160:
2105:
2020:
1952:
880:
533:
380:
189:
1522:
1017:, Saturn's largest moon. Instead of water oceans, Titan hosts
871:: typically found in arid-salt-lake deposits plentiful in the
214:
50% of the original water depth remains. At this point, minor
18:
1490:
Hardie, Lawrence, 1984, "Evaporites: marine or nonmarine?:
421:
Examples include the
Chilean deserts, certain parts of the
336:
Example environments at the present that match this is the
135:
126:
1021:(mainly methane) with many soluble hydrocarbons, such as
418:
Drainage basins feeding into extremely arid environments
399:
Restricted coastal plains in regressive sea environments
120:
111:
521:
Halite formations are famous for their ability to form
466:
Evaporite formations need not be composed entirely of
406:
deposits of Iran, Saudi Arabia, and the Red Sea; the
129:
138:
132:
123:
117:
2346:
2184:
1971:
1554:
114:
1391:MacKenzie, S. M.; Barnes, Jason W. (2016-04-05).
367:Example environments at the present include the
1473:. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
1168:Evaporites : their evolution and economics
1534:
525:, which produce ideal locations for trapping
8:
1114:Principles of sedimentology and stratigraphy
1469:Guéguen, Yves; Palciauskas, Vector (1994).
1455:California State University evaporites page
1198:Evaporites, petroleum and mineral resources
532:Halite deposits are often mined for use as
1541:
1527:
1519:
1143:U.S. Geological Society Professional Paper
222:begins to form, which is then followed by
97:, Israel (with Israeli ₪1 coin for scale)
1426:
1408:
1304:
1150:
813:, one of the few minerals that is both a
462:rock, Carmel Formation, southwestern Utah
69:Learn how and when to remove this message
1191:
1189:
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943:
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669:
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556:
318:that meet the above conditions include:
311:, which lies between Jordan and Israel.
32:This article includes a list of general
1107:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1068:
355:Examples include the Red Sea, and the
1019:lakes and seas of liquid hydrocarbons
7:
1471:Introduction to the physics of rocks
159:that results from concentration and
540:Major groups of evaporite minerals
38:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
1323:10.1021/acsearthspacechem.9b00204
900:Some evaporite minerals, such as
897:, formed in inland brine lakes.
188:evaporation. This is usually an
107:
23:
1350:Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
990:(dolomite are more common than
972:Halite (i.e. common salt, NaCl)
997:Evaporites can also be easily
1:
1293:ACS Earth and Space Chemistry
1196:Melvin, John L., ed. (1991).
1170:. Oxford: Blackwell Science.
1086:American Geological Institute
1270:10.1016/j.icarus.2011.08.022
1005:Possible evaporites on Titan
910:Evaporite minerals start to
1492:American Journal of Science
904:, are from multiple groups.
175:and are formed by chemical
2571:
1428:10.3847/0004-637x/821/1/17
1076:Jackson, Julia A. (1997).
1397:The Astrophysical Journal
1370:10.1016/j.gca.2017.03.007
1230:October 28, 2012, at the
1033:) that are equivalent to
879:, which has been used in
732:
625:
570:
436:Messinian salinity crisis
316:depositional environments
196:Depositional environments
1606:Basaltic trachyandesite
1574:Alkali feldspar granite
1494:, v. 284, pp. 193–240.
1220:C.Michael Hogan. 2011.
1200:. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
815:carbonate and a sulfate
454:Hopper crystal cast of
271:these deposits include
53:more precise citations.
1515:, v. 151, pp. 177–185.
1137:Stewart, F.H. (1963).
1011:satellite observations
817:
549:
463:
210:
98:
1991:Banded iron formation
1500:10.2475/ajs.284.3.193
1166:Warren, John (1999).
1009:Recent evidence from
965:) and anhydrite (CaSO
875:. A common borate is
785:
566:Chemical Composition
547:
453:
446:Evaporitic formations
402:Examples include the
208:
84:
1508:, v. 16, p. 187–220.
1082:Alexandria, Virginia
438:in the basin of the
392:Great Artesian Basin
359:in Jordan and Israel
93:evaporated from the
1513:Sedimentary Geology
1462:National Geographic
1419:2016ApJ...821...17M
1362:2017GeCoA.208...86S
1315:2019ESC.....3.2353C
1262:2011Icar..216..136B
1139:"Marine evaporites"
1112:Boggs, Sam (2006).
1078:Glossary of Geology
496:Economic importance
329:within continental
2347:Specific varieties
1052:List of rock types
818:
550:
464:
338:Denakil Depression
211:
99:
2550:Sedimentary rocks
2532:
2531:
1782:Nepheline syenite
1299:(10): 2353–2362.
862:(soda niter) and
778:
777:
373:Western Australia
173:sedimentary rocks
79:
78:
71:
2562:
2474:Rapakivi granite
2186:Metamorphic rock
1973:Sedimentary rock
1842:Quartz monzonite
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1080:(4th ed.).
1073:
1047:List of minerals
964:
946:
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761:
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637:
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307:in Utah and the
169:aqueous solution
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2286:Pseudotachylite
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1967:
1899:Tephriphonolite
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1914:Trachyandesite
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1549:Types of rocks
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1256:(1): 136–140.
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616:)Cl · 3 H
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369:Simpson Desert
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2546:
2543:
2542:
2540:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2439:Litchfieldite
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2404:Hyaloclastite
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2351:
2349:
2345:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2327:
2324:
2323:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2251:Litchfieldite
2249:
2247:
2244:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2183:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1970:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1932:
1929:
1928:
1927:
1924:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1817:Phonotephrite
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1722:Hyaloclastite
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1671:
1668:
1667:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1607:
1604:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1594:Alkali basalt
1592:
1591:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1553:
1544:
1539:
1537:
1532:
1530:
1525:
1524:
1521:
1514:
1510:
1507:
1506:Sedimentology
1503:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1488:
1482:
1480:9780691034522
1476:
1472:
1467:
1463:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1448:Other reading
1447:
1438:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1387:
1384:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1340:
1337:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1287:
1284:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1217:
1214:
1209:
1203:
1199:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1184:
1179:
1173:
1169:
1162:
1159:
1153:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1133:
1130:
1125:
1119:
1115:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1092:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1072:
1069:
1062:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1004:
1002:
1000:
995:
993:
989:
981:
977:
974:
971:
963:
949:
935:
927:
924:
923:
922:
919:
917:
913:
903:
899:
898:
896:
892:
889:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
867:
865:
861:
857:
854:
852:
848:
844:
840:
837:
835:
831:
827:
823:
820:
819:
816:
788:
784:
768:
765:
764:
755:
752:
751:
738:
735:
731:
705:
702:
701:
680:
677:
676:
662:
659:
658:
644:
641:
640:
631:
628:
624:
610:
607:
606:
592:
589:
588:
584:
581:
580:
576:
573:
569:
565:
563:Mineral name
562:
559:
558:
555:
554:
553:
546:
539:
537:
535:
530:
528:
524:
519:
517:
516:nuclear waste
512:
510:
506:
501:
495:
493:
491:
487:
482:
480:
476:
473:
469:
461:
457:
452:
445:
443:
441:
440:Mediterranean
437:
428:
424:
420:
419:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
400:
398:
393:
389:
388:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
365:
363:
358:
354:
353:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
334:
332:
328:
324:
321:
320:
319:
317:
312:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
265:
263:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
230:, gypsum and
229:
225:
221:
217:
207:
200:
195:
193:
191:
182:
180:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
155:
152:
149:
146:) is a water-
143:
104:
96:
92:
88:
83:
73:
70:
62:
52:
48:
42:
41:
35:
30:
21:
20:
2449:Luxullianite
2429:Lapis lazuli
2374:Blue Granite
2301:Serpentinite
2276:Metapsammite
2050:
2026:Conglomerate
1948:Trondhjemite
1926:Trachybasalt
1867:Pantellerite
1772:Monzogranite
1717:Hornblendite
1702:Granodiorite
1556:Igneous rock
1512:
1505:
1491:
1470:
1461:
1400:
1396:
1386:
1353:
1349:
1339:
1296:
1292:
1286:
1253:
1249:
1238:
1222:
1216:
1197:
1167:
1161:
1142:
1132:
1113:
1077:
1071:
1008:
996:
985:
920:
909:
551:
531:
520:
513:
502:
499:
486:pseudomorphs
483:
465:
433:
408:Garabogazköl
342:Death Valley
340:, Ethiopia;
327:half-grabens
313:
269:
212:
186:
102:
100:
65:
56:
37:
2338:Whiteschist
2229:Greenschist
2209:Cataclasite
2199:Amphibolite
2126:Phosphorite
2076:Itacolumite
2001:Calcarenite
1847:Quartzolite
1787:Nephelinite
1757:Lamprophyre
1712:Harzburgite
1670:Napoleonite
1643:Charnockite
1638:Carbonatite
1628:Blairmorite
1579:Anorthosite
1037:on Earth.
912:precipitate
832:(KCl), and
733:Carbonates
678:Langbeinite
412:Caspian Sea
394:, Australia
244:langbeinite
165:evaporation
151:sedimentary
51:introducing
2555:Mineralogy
2539:Categories
2504:Teschenite
2489:Shonkinite
2464:Pietersite
2459:Novaculite
2369:Borolanite
2354:Adamellite
2271:Metapelite
2239:Calcflinta
2204:Blueschist
2194:Anthracite
2176:Wackestone
2156:Travertine
2101:Lumachelle
2081:Jaspillite
2036:Diamictite
1958:Websterite
1943:Troctolite
1919:Benmoreite
1879:Shonkinite
1852:Rhyodacite
1832:Pyroxenite
1807:Peridotite
1767:Lherzolite
1742:Kimberlite
1732:Ignimbrite
1727:Icelandite
1707:Granophyre
1616:Shoshonite
1464:: 694–737.
1410:1601.03364
1356:: 86–101.
1306:2002.04978
1123:0131547283
1063:References
893:: such as
891:Carbonates
885:surfactant
841:: such as
703:Polyhalite
650:· 2 H
598:· 6 H
590:Carnallite
571:Chlorides
529:deposits.
509:explosives
505:fertilizer
479:carbonates
477:rocks and
425:, and the
346:California
325:areas and
314:Evaporite
297:thenardite
293:mirabilite
289:glauberite
285:gaylussite
266:Non-marine
248:polyhalite
240:carnallite
234:, halite,
216:carbonates
59:April 2010
34:references
2545:Evaporite
2519:Variolite
2509:Theralite
2499:Tachylite
2484:Rodingite
2454:Mangerite
2434:Larvikite
2419:Jasperoid
2414:Jadeitite
2379:Epidosite
2333:Tectonite
2326:Soapstone
2291:Quartzite
2261:Migmatite
2246:Itabirite
2224:Granulite
2166:Turbidite
2146:Sylvinite
2141:Siltstone
2131:Sandstone
2116:Oil shale
2096:Limestone
2071:Gritstone
2066:Greywacke
2061:Geyserite
2051:Evaporite
2041:Diatomite
2016:Claystone
1981:Argillite
1894:Tachylyte
1862:Comendite
1812:Phonolite
1802:Pegmatite
1777:Monzonite
1752:Lamproite
1747:Komatiite
1687:Foidolite
1648:Enderbite
1611:Mugearite
1437:1538-4357
1403:(1): 17.
1378:0016-7037
1331:202875048
1278:0019-1035
1145:. 440-Y.
1057:Salt dome
1035:salt pans
1023:acetylene
988:limestone
980:magnesium
976:Potassium
956:· 2
860:nitratine
851:anhydrite
766:Magnesite
660:Kieserite
629:Anhydrite
626:Sulfates
527:petroleum
256:Kieserite
232:anhydrite
209:Anhydrite
183:Formation
177:sediments
103:evaporite
2494:Taconite
2469:Pyrolite
2394:Ganister
2364:Aphanite
2359:Appinite
2281:Phyllite
2266:Mylonite
2234:Hornfels
2214:Eclogite
2111:Mudstone
2086:Laterite
2046:Dolomite
1963:Wehrlite
1938:Trachyte
1931:Hawaiite
1909:Tonalite
1904:Tephrite
1857:Rhyolite
1822:Porphyry
1797:Obsidian
1682:Essexite
1633:Boninite
1623:Basanite
1569:Andesite
1228:Archived
1041:See also
950:Gypsum (
934:dolomite
902:hanksite
856:Nitrates
839:Sulfates
834:fluorite
787:Hanksite
736:Dolomite
723:· H
668:· H
490:textures
472:detrital
460:Jurassic
357:Dead Sea
309:Dead Sea
281:epsomite
167:from an
95:Dead Sea
2514:Unakite
2444:Llanite
2409:Ijolite
2384:Felsite
2316:Suevite
2151:Tillite
2091:Lignite
2031:Coquina
1996:Breccia
1889:Syenite
1737:Ijolite
1697:Granite
1665:Diorite
1660:Diabase
1564:Adakite
1415:Bibcode
1358:Bibcode
1311:Bibcode
1258:Bibcode
1031:Lacunae
938:CaMg(CO
926:Calcite
916:solutes
869:Borates
830:sylvite
822:Halides
753:Calcite
740:CaMg(CO
608:Kainite
582:Sylvite
548:Calcite
523:diapirs
475:clastic
410:of the
273:blödite
252:kainite
236:sylvite
228:calcite
157:deposit
154:mineral
148:soluble
47:improve
2424:Kenyte
2399:Gossan
2296:Schist
2256:Marble
2219:Gneiss
2121:Oolite
1986:Arkose
1884:Sovite
1874:Scoria
1827:Pumice
1792:Norite
1762:Latite
1692:Gabbro
1677:Dunite
1655:Dacite
1589:Basalt
1584:Aplite
1477:
1435:
1376:
1329:
1276:
1250:Icarus
1223:Sulfur
1204:
1174:
1120:
1027:basins
992:gypsum
932:) and
849:, and
847:barite
843:gypsum
826:halite
642:Gypsum
612:KMg(SO
574:Halite
468:halite
456:halite
423:Sahara
404:sabkha
375:, the
323:Graben
250:, and
224:halite
220:gypsum
201:Marine
91:halite
87:cobble
36:, but
2389:Flint
2311:Slate
2306:Skarn
2171:Varve
2136:Shale
2056:Flint
2011:Chert
2006:Chalk
1405:arXiv
1327:S2CID
1301:arXiv
1015:Titan
982:salts
928:(CaCO
895:trona
883:as a
881:soaps
877:borax
864:niter
715:Mg(SO
594:KMgCl
577:NaCl
458:in a
427:Namib
301:trona
277:borax
258:(MgSO
2161:Tufa
2106:Marl
2021:Coal
1953:Tuff
1475:ISBN
1433:ISSN
1374:ISSN
1274:ISSN
1202:ISBN
1172:ISBN
1118:ISBN
978:and
952:CaSO
795:K(SO
770:MgCO
757:CaCO
664:MgSO
646:CaSO
633:CaSO
585:KCl
534:salt
507:and
381:Utah
331:rift
299:and
190:arid
2524:Wad
1496:doi
1423:doi
1401:821
1366:doi
1354:208
1319:doi
1266:doi
1254:216
1147:doi
803:(CO
690:(SO
379:in
163:by
101:An
2541::
1431:.
1421:.
1413:.
1399:.
1395:.
1372:.
1364:.
1352:.
1348:.
1325:.
1317:.
1309:.
1295:.
1272:.
1264:.
1252:.
1248:.
1186:^
1141:.
1094:^
1084::
969:).
918:.
858::
845:,
828:,
824::
811:Cl
793:22
791:Na
789:,
711:Ca
686:Mg
536:.
511:.
492:.
442:.
371:,
344:,
295:,
291:,
287:,
283:,
279:,
275:,
254:.
246:,
242:,
238:,
179:.
136:aɪ
85:A
1542:e
1535:t
1528:v
1498::
1483:.
1439:.
1425::
1417::
1407::
1380:.
1368::
1360::
1333:.
1321::
1313::
1303::
1297:3
1280:.
1268::
1260::
1210:.
1180:.
1155:.
1149::
1126:.
1088:.
1029:(
967:4
962:O
960:2
958:H
954:4
947:)
944:2
942:)
940:3
936:(
930:3
887:.
809:2
807:)
805:3
801:9
799:)
797:4
772:3
759:3
746:2
744:)
742:3
727:O
725:2
721:6
719:)
717:4
713:2
709:2
707:K
696:3
694:)
692:4
688:2
684:2
682:K
672:O
670:2
666:4
654:O
652:2
648:4
635:4
620:O
618:2
614:4
602:O
600:2
596:3
260:4
142:/
139:t
133:r
130:ˌ
127:ə
124:p
121:æ
118:v
115:ˈ
112:ɪ
109:/
105:(
72:)
66:(
61:)
57:(
43:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
