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The mud lithofacies consists of thick detrital mud, and the halite lithofacies is defined by giant hopper shaped crystals. Gypsum occurs in large lenticular crystals throughout the playa but is mostly concentrated around the mud lithofacies. Gypsum crystal sizes increase toward the center of the
368:
Past studies have determined that the gypsum occurring in
Bristol Lake precipitated displacively within the sediment where groundwater saturated with gypsum recharges around the mud lithofacies. This is supported by the geometry of the deposit and by chemical data, which suggests that water
464:
Rosen 1991 attributed increased concentration of chlorine to be from atmospheric precipitation, however the Ca-Cl concentrations present at
Bristol Lake are not compatible with normal low temperature surface weathering and evaporative concentration processes.
384:
in inflow waters can decrease nucleation density of minerals resulting in larger crystal sizes. It is likely that a combination of these processes was needed in order to form the gypsum crystals mentioned because gypsum crystals formed from low
351:, and finally a sand flat playa margin. These minerals also have vertical lithofacies which resemble the horizontal facies stratification with gypsum occurring deeper in the playa followed by mud-halite and halite on top.
468:
It is speculated that a magma chamber drives the formation of Ca-Cl brines at elevated temperatures and drives the transportation of these brines to the surface. Other evidence of a magma chamber in the area is the
389:
ratios or from microbial activity alone would not result in gypsum crystals large enough, and because gypsum crystal size increases toward the center of the playa where sodium chloride concentrations are greatest.
630:
Lowenstein, Tim, and François
Risacher. "Closed Basin Brine Evolution and the Influence of Ca–Cl Inflow Waters: Death Valley and Bristol Dry Lake California, Qaidam Basin, China, and Salar De Atacama, Chile."
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precipitating gypsum in the playa is more associated with groundwater than the brine at the basin center. The large size of the gypsum crystals may be due to several reasons; inflow waters containing low
406:
Sediment mineral composition found in the desert saline sediments of southern
California are predominantly influenced by the composition of the source rock, this is true for Bristol Lake as well.
697:
687:
553:
Hanford, C. Robertson. "Sedimentology and
Evaporite Genesis in a Holocene Continental-sabkha Playa Basin-Bristol Dry Lake, California." Sedimentology, 29.2 (1982): 239–253.
414:
The brine chemistries at
Bristol Lake are different from those predicted to form by the evaporative concentrations of the two inflow waters currently accounted for.
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Cody R.D., and Cody A.M. “Gypsum
Nucleation and Crystal Morphology in Analog Saline Terrestrial Environments.” Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 58 (1988): 247-255.
457:
The basin center brines of BDL (saline mudflats and saline pan areas) are Na-Ca-Cl rich with lower concentrations of potassium and magnesium and little sulfate and
582:
Kushner J., “Effect of the Ca/SO4 Ratio on the Growth Rate and
Crystal Habit of Gypsum.” . First Eur. Meeting Int. Ass. Sedimentologists, Bochum, 1980 pp. 239-241.
123:
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Thin crusts and hopper-shaped halite crystals that occur in the sediment are caused by evaporative growth from capillary brines discharging at the surface.
453:-Cl brines with subordinate K and Mg. These brines are predicted to precipitate halite and sodium-sulfate salts during further evaporative concentration.
657:
72:
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461:. Differing from their predicted chemical composition mostly by lacking sulfate, carbonate and bicarbonate and having high levels of chlorine.
42:
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ratios may result in large lenticular crystals, microorganisms have the potential to rework large lenticular crystals, high concentrations of
702:
569:
Rosen, Michael R, and John K Warren, "The Origin and
Significance of Groundwater-seepage Gypsum from Bristol Dry Lake, California, USA."
682:
442:
brines with minor magnesium and potassium. They will precipitate halite, Na-Sulfate, and Na-carbonate mineral upon further evaporation.
677:
617:
Droste, John B. "Clay
Minerals in Sediments of Owens, China, Searles. Panamint, Bristol, Cadiz, and Danby Lake Basins, California."
278:
109:
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520:
293:
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Bristol Lake's mineralogy is described as having a bullseye pattern of minerals with lithofacies consisting of
324:
591:
Cody, A.M., and Cody R.D. “Evidence for Microbiological Induction of {101} Montmartre Twinning of Gypsum (CaSO
643:
249:
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The lake is approximately 23 km (14 mi) long and 20 km (12 mi) at its widest point.
167:
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and is the northernmost member of a northwest-southeast trending playa lake system that includes
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Bristol Lake is located in San Bernardino County's Mojave Desert. It is a playa lake in the
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evaporator operation is situated on the dry lake bed just east of Amboy Road.
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and its associated lava flows, which occur directly North of Bristol Lake.
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is predicted to precipitate calcite and then gypsum and form neutral Na-SO
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U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Bristol Lake
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U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Bristol Lake
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which will deplete the water in calcium. These waters evolve into Na-HCO
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U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Bristol Lake
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599:O).” Journal of Crystal Growth, 98 (1989): 721-730
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698:Landforms of San Bernardino County, California
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688:Lakes of San Bernardino County, California
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281:, 42 km (26 mi) northeast of
288:Bristol Lake is located southeast of
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497:Salt evaporators in Bristol Dry Lake
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509:Bristol Dry Lake after a rainfall
347:at the center surrounded by mud,
279:San Bernardino County, California
110:San Bernardino County, California
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16:Lake in United States of America
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673:Endorheic lakes of California
658:Satellite Photo (Google Maps)
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92:Show map of the United States
703:Lakes of Southern California
521:List of lakes in California
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683:Lakes of the Mojave Desert
621:, 72.11 (1961): 1713–1721.
258:not a well-defined measure
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678:Salt flats of California
325:Basin and Range Province
225:183 m (600 ft)
573:, 37.6 (1990): 983–996.
296:, and is also south of
217:70 km (43 mi)
209:20 km (12 mi)
201:23 km (14 mi)
410:Possible magma chamber
175:Terminal (evaporation)
62:Show map of California
635:, 15.1 (2009): 71–94.
426:will precipitate CaCO
308:are to the west, and
633:Aquatic Geochemistry
139:34.4622°N 115.6738°W
693:Lakes of California
310:Old Woman Mountains
135: /
319:Geological setting
241:Saltus, California
144:34.4622; -115.6738
306:Bullion Mountains
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238:Amboy, California
222:Surface elevation
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283:Twentynine Palms
256:Shore length is
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169:Primary outflows
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294:U.S. Route 66
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275:Mojave Desert
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619:GSA Bulletin
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471:Amboy Crater
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302:Amboy Crater
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267:Bristol Lake
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214:Shore length
86:Bristol Lake
56:Bristol Lake
22:Bristol Lake
459:bicarbonate
234:Settlements
198:Max. length
142: /
130:115°40′26″W
117:Coordinates
667:Categories
527:References
339:Mineralogy
333:Danby Lake
329:Cadiz Lake
246:References
206:Max. width
127:34°27′44″N
156:Lake type
515:See also
477:Industry
304:and the
271:dry lake
102:Location
355:playa.
273:in the
438:-Cl-SO
418:Na-HCO
394:Halite
364:Gypsum
349:gypsum
345:halite
445:Cl-SO
385:Ca/SO
298:Cadiz
290:Amboy
269:is a
182:Basin
483:salt
382:NaCl
331:and
292:and
595:*2H
434:-CO
422:-SO
402:Mud
277:of
669::
558:^
544:^
481:A
375:SO
371:Ca
335:.
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597:2
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373:/
260:.
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