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achieved on 8 September 1961. It was originally feared that the aircraft would have difficulty transitioning between level and vertical flight, but during testing it was found to be extremely simple. Testing showed that because of the extreme power-to-weight ratio it only took a few degrees of nozzle movement to get the aircraft moving forward quickly enough to produce lift from the wing, and that even at a 15-degree angle the aircraft accelerated very well. The pilot simply had to move the nozzle control forward slowly. During transition from horizontal back to vertical the pilot would simply slow to roughly 200 knots and turn the nozzles downward, allowing the engine thrust to take over as the aircraft slowed and the wings stopped producing lift.
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688:. The RAF/RN was in the process of upgrading its GR7 fleet to GR9 standard, initially through the Joint Upgrade and Maintenance Programme (JUMP) and then through the Harrier Platform Availability Contract (HPAC). All GR7 aircraft were expected to have been upgraded by April 2010. Part of this process was the upgrade of the Mk.105 engines to Mk.107 standard. These aircraft were known as GR7As and GR9As.
218:
355:, which focused on missiles, and not crewed aircraft – which were declared 'obsolete' - was not good news, because it precluded any future government financial support for development of not already extant crewed combat aircraft. This prevented any official financial support for the engine or aircraft from the
548:
Selection of water injection engine ratings (Lift Wet/Short Lift Wet) results in an increase in the engine speed and jet pipe temperature limits beyond the respective dry (non-injected) ratings (Lift Dry/Short Lift Dry). Upon exhausting the available water supply in the tank, the limits are reset to
523:
The engine is mounted in the centre of the
Harrier and as a result, it was necessary to remove the wing to change the powerplant after mounting the fuselage on trestles. The change took a minimum of eight hours, although using the proper tools and lifting equipment this could be accomplished in less
463:
stages respectively. It is the first turbofan to have the fan ahead of the LP shaft front bearing. This eliminated the requirement for bearing-support struts in front of the fan and the icing hazard that goes with them. Unusually the LP and HP spools rotate in opposite directions which significantly
374:
The first prototype engine (one of two BE53/2s built), ran on 2 September 1959 and featured a 2-stage fan and used the
Orpheus 6 core. Although the fan was overhung, inlet guide vanes were still incorporated. The HP spool comprised a 7-stage compressor driven by a single-stage turbine. A 2-stage LP
324:
and, on a separate coaxial shaft, the first two stages of an
Olympus 21 LP compressor, which acted as a fan, delivering compressed air to two thrust vectoring nozzles at the front of engine. At this point in the design exercise, the exhaust from the LP turbine discharged through a conventional rear
532:
The maximum take-off thrust available from the
Pegasus engine is limited, particularly at the higher ambient temperatures, by the turbine blade temperature. As this temperature cannot reliably be measured, the operating limits are determined by jet pipe temperature. To enable the engine speed and
382:. The aircraft first flew (tethered hover) on 21 October 1960, powered by the BE53/3 (Pegasus 2). Free hover was achieved on 19 November of the same year. Transition to wing-borne flight occurred in 1961. Later versions of the P.1127 were fitted with the Pegasus 3 and eventually the Pegasus 5.
328:
Although the BE.52 was a self-contained power plant and lighter than
Wibault's concept, the BE.52 was still complicated and heavy. As a result, work on the BE.53 concept started in February 1957. In the BE.53 the Olympus stages were fitted close to the Orpheus stages; thus simplifying the inlet
199:
to build the
Pegasus for US built versions. However Pratt & Whitney never completed any engines, with all new build being manufactured by Rolls-Royce in Bristol, England. The Pegasus was also the planned engine for a number of aircraft projects, among which were the prototypes of the German
451:
404:
The first engines had barely enough thrust to lift the plane off the ground due to weight growth problems. Flight tests were initially conducted with the aircraft tethered, with the first free hover achieved on 19 November 1960. The first transition from static hover to conventional flight was
389:, a refinement of the P.1127, of which nine were built for a Tripartite evaluation exercise. The Kestrel was subsequently developed into the Harrier combat aircraft. By the time the Pegasus 5/2 was built, both the fan and HP compressor had been
419:
Series manufacture and design and development improvement to the
Pegasus to produce ever-higher thrusts were continued by Bristol engines beyond 1966, when Rolls-Royce Ltd bought the Company. A related engine design, the 39,500 lbf (with
666:, between 14,450 lbf (64.3 kN) (max. continuous at 91% RPM) and 21,550 lbf (95.9 kN) (15 s wet at 107% RPM) of lift is available at sea level (including splay loss at 90°). The Mk.106 development was produced for the
514:
with hot (650 °C) jet exhaust. The airflow split is about 60/40 front/back. The nozzles are rotated using motorcycle chains driven by air motors powered by air from the HP compressor. The nozzles rotate through a range of 98.5 degrees.
464:
reduces the gyroscopic effects which would otherwise cause aircraft control problems at low aircraft speeds. LP and HP blades are made from titanium. The fan is a transonic design and airflow is 432 lb/s. The engine employs a simple
544:
gpm (imperial gallons per minute) for a maximum duration of approximately 90 seconds. The quantity of water carried is sufficient for and appropriate to the particular operational role of the aircraft.
332:
For a year
Bristol designed the engine in isolation, with little feedback from the various airframe manufacturers furnished with data. However, in May 1957 the team received a supportive letter from
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293:, the exhaust from each blower being vectored by rotating the blower scrolls. Although the idea of vectoring the thrust was quite novel, the engine proposed was considered to be far too heavy.
662:. The original model provided an extra 450 lbf (2.0 kN). The RAF Harriers entered service with the 11-21 Mk.105, the AV-8Bs with F402-RR-406. Depending on time constraints and
348:, suggested having the four thrust vectoring nozzles (originally suggested by Lewis), with hot gases from the rear two. Further joint discussions helped to refine the engine design.
536:
Water for the injection system is contained in a tank located between the bifurcated section of the rear (hot) exhaust duct. The tank contains up to 500 lb (227 kg, 50
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ducting. The
Olympus stages now supercharged the Orpheus core, improving the overall pressure ratio, creating what is now considered a conventional turbofan configuration.
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The 11-61 (aka -408) is the latest and most powerful version of the
Pegasus, providing 23,800 lbf (106 kN). This equates to up to 15 percent more thrust at high
286:, the French aircraft designer, had the idea to use vectored thrust for vertical take-off aircraft. This thrust would come from four centrifugal blowers shaft driven by a
1353:
Powerplant: Water Injection System, Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, Vol. 42 Iss: 1, pp: 31–32. DOI: 10.1108/eb034594 (Permanent URL). Publisher: MCB UP Ltd
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The Pegasus vectored-thrust turbofan is a two-shaft design with three low pressure (LP) and eight high pressure (HP) compressor stages driven by two LP and two HP
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The two prototype engines were demonstrator engines which developed about 9,000 lbf (40 kN) on the test bed. Neither engine was installed in a P.1127.
684:
without having to dump any unused weapons which along with the reduced maintenance reduces total cost of engine use. This latest Pegasus is also fitted to the
533:
hence thrust to be increased for take-off, water is sprayed into the combustion chamber and turbine to keep the blade temperature down to an acceptable level.
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Navalised version of the Pegasus 11 for the Sea Harrier, same as the 11 but some engine components and castings made from corrosion-resistant materials.
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Pegasus, the heart of the Harrier : the history and development of the world's first operational vertical take-off and landing jet engine
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Pegasus, The Heart of the Harrier: The History and Development of the World's First Operational Vertical Take-off and Landing Jet Engine
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nozzle. There were separate intakes for the fan and core compressor because the fan did not supercharge the core compressor.
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For updating first Harriers with more power and used for the AV-8A, 20,500 lbf (91 kN), entering service in 1971.
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on its return flight through the atmosphere. In the event, NASA chose a shuttle design using a non-powered gliding return.
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The flight testing and engine development received no government funding; the plane's funding came entirely from Hawker.
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The front nozzles, which are made of steel, are fed with air from the LP compressor, and the rear nozzles, which are of
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system that uses four swiveling nozzles, giving the Harrier thrust both for lift and forward propulsion, allowing for
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the 'dry' levels. A warning light in the cockpit provides advance warning of water depletion to the pilot.
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540:) of distilled water. Water flow rate for the required turbine temperature reduction is approximately 35
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turbine drove the fan. There was no plenum at fan exit, but 4 thrust-vectoring nozzles were fitted.
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The RAF was not much of a convert to the VTOL idea, and described the whole project as a
359:. Fortunately, engine development was financially supported to the tune of 75% from the
17:
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416:. The first prototype P1127 made a very heavy landing at the Paris Air Show in 1963.
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642:. The Pegasus 11 produced 21,000 lbf (93 kN) and entered service in 1974.
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157:
41:
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Further development of the engine then proceeded in tandem with the aircraft, the
432:) was not developed to production as the aircraft project was cancelled in 1965.
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316:. One concept which looked promising was the BE52, which initially used the
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Engine starting was by a top-mounted packaged combined gas turbine starter/
3353:
2707:
2143:
2049:
1653:
1649:
1014:"F-35 Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) Program: Background, Status, and Issues"
321:
168:. Lightly loaded aircraft equipped with this engine can manoeuvre like a
145:
60:
887:
576:
511:
460:
242: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1287:
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1035:
904:
654:
The 11-21 was developed for the second generation Harriers, the USMC
435:
A non-vectored 26,000 lb thrust derivative of the Pegasus running on
421:
161:
367:(BSEL), which Bristol Engines had by then become on its merger with
799:
556:
501:
493:
469:
450:
269:
1387:
Bristol Siddeley Developments IN THE V/STOL POWERPLANT FIELD 1964
1330:
Pegasus: the Heart of the Harrier, Andrew Dow, Pen & Sword,
746:
Pegasus engines are on public display at the following museums:
627:
The Pegasus 11 powered the first generation Harriers, the RAF's
173:
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1843:
1441:
312:
engine series. The work was overseen by the Technical Director
1134:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1122:
211:
599:
Used on the P.1127 prototypes, 13,500 lbf (60 kN)
789:
Rolls-Royce Heritage Trust, Allison, Indianapolis, Indiana
593:
Used in the initial P.1127s, 11,500 lbf (51 kN)
1032:
Air Cadet Publication 33: Flight – Volume 3 Propulsion
1314:
Aviation Week & Space Technology Source Book 2009
670:
upgrade and generates 21,750 lbf (96.7 kN).
1153:
Pegasus, The Heart of the Harrier, Andrew Dow p.153
793:
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1985:
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1369:
A 1960 Bristol advertisement for the BS 53 Turbofan
609:
evaluation aircraft at 15,000 lbf (67 kN)
187:Pegasus, the engine powers all versions of the
800:Airworld Aviation Museum, Caernarfon, Wales, UK
475:Combustion system is an annular combustor with
1143:(5th ed.). Sutton Publishing. p. 39.
2680:
1855:
1453:
680:, allowing upgraded Harriers to return to an
8:
869:3-stage low pressure, 8-stage high pressure
498:Locations of the four nozzles on the engine.
892:2-stage high pressure, 2-stage low pressure
455:USMC Harrier short-takeoff run on wet deck.
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1645:
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1438:
1343:, Sir Stanley Hooker, Airlife Publishing,
1036:282 East Ham Squadron – Air Training Corps
176:. In US service, the engine is designated
1255:, October 1986. Retrieved: 16 April 2010.
371:, quickly agreeing to pay the remainder.
258:Learn how and when to remove this message
156:. The engine is not only able to power a
3665:Rolls-Royce aircraft gas turbine engines
1364:Harrier.org.uk, Pegasus engine variants
1250:AV-8B Standard Aircraft Characteristics
1012:Christopher, Bolkcom (29 August 2005).
1004:
393:and 2nd stage added to the HP turbine.
1411:article on improvements to the Pegasus
1235:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1228:
49:Rolls-Royce Pegasus on display at the
31:
27:1950s British turbofan aircraft engine
794:Rolls-Royce Heritage Trust Collection
7:
344:replacement. The aircraft designer,
240:adding citations to reliable sources
1045:. (2000). Accessed 14 October 2009.
428:for a supersonic VTOL fighter (the
385:The Pegasus 5 was also used in the
1374:50th anniversary in September 1959
1141:World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines
361:Mutual Weapons Development Program
204:VSTOL military transport project.
172:. In particular, they can perform
111:McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II
25:
3660:Bristol Siddeley aircraft engines
1379:Early ideas for vertical take off
1277:, 2004. Retrieved: 17 April 2010.
479:low-pressure vaporising burners.
365:Bristol Siddeley Engines Limited
340:stating they were looking for a
216:
40:
1423:Brits Who Made The Modern World
1292:City of Norwich Aviation Museum
1265:Pegasus - Power for the Harrier
805:City of Norwich Aviation Museum
651:Pegasus 11-21 (Mk.105 / Mk.106)
564:Bristol Pegasus, engine of the
227:needs additional citations for
2302:Rolls-Royce Barnoldswick (RB)
1169:. Pen and Sword. p. 290.
1163:Dow, Andrew (20 August 2009).
816:Specifications (Pegasus 11-61)
771:National Naval Aviation Museum
174:vertical takeoffs and landings
148:engine originally designed by
1:
1088:. Barnsley, South Yorkshire.
777:Naval Aviation Museum (India)
761:Cranfield University, England
756:Royal Air Force Museum London
51:Royal Air Force Museum London
2698:gas turbine aircraft engine
1498:Horizontally opposed engines
1405:"Pegasus Updating Prospects"
1253:US Naval Air Systems Command
296:As a result, an engineer at
160:forward, but also to direct
3655:Low-bypass turbofan engines
2520:Aero-derivative industrial
964:Rolls-Royce/MAN Turbo RB193
751:Imperial War Museum Duxford
3691:
2656:Rolls-Royce Heritage Trust
1069:"Bristol Siddeley's Fans"
736:Armstrong Whitworth AW.681
122:Over 1,200 (through 2008)
2648:
1484:Bristol Aeroplane Company
1189:Flight August 1964 p. 328
923:Specific fuel consumption
809:Horsham St Faith, Norfolk
573:Bristol Industrial Museum
152:. It was manufactured by
48:
39:
34:
1199:Eight hour engine change
988:List of aircraft engines
959:Bristol Siddeley Orpheus
353:1957 Defence White Paper
133:Bristol Siddeley Orpheus
18:Bristol Siddeley Pegasus
1986:By company designation:
1392:"Designing the Pegasus"
1341:Not Much of an Engineer
1312:"Gas Turbine Engines".
1073:12 August 1960 p210-211
826:General characteristics
766:Science Museum (London)
719:Hawker Siddeley Harrier
629:Hawker Siddeley Harrier
607:Hawker Siddeley Kestrel
195:. Rolls-Royce licensed
103:Hawker Siddeley Harrier
3675:1950s turbofan engines
3611:Adaptive cycle engines
2696:United States military
1433:King's College, London
1139:Gunston, Bill (2006).
1041:23 August 2011 at the
976:Bristol Siddeley BS100
947:Rolls-Royce LiftSystem
932:Thrust-to-weight ratio
914:Overall pressure ratio
724:Hawker Siddeley P.1127
673:Pegasus 11-61 (Mk.107)
580:
519:Position of the engine
507:
499:
456:
430:Hawker Siddeley P.1154
426:Bristol Siddeley BS100
397:Testing and production
298:Bristol Engine Company
275:
2541:Rolls-Royce Meteorite
1116:Flight 12 August 1960
560:
505:
497:
454:
273:
2652:Rolls-Royce Holdings
2585:Alan Arnold Griffith
1270:15 July 2011 at the
1058:23 April 1964 p. 668
730:Intended application
678:ambient temperatures
635:AV-8A and later the
236:improve this article
2640:Spirito Mario Viale
1871:Rolls-Royce Limited
1217:on 22 February 2014
953:Related development
909:23,800 lbf (106 kN)
856:3,960 lb (1,796 kg)
645:Pegasus 14 (Mk.104)
624:Pegasus 11 (Mk.103)
618:Pegasus 10 (Mk.102)
602:Pegasus 5 (BS.53-5)
357:Ministry of Defence
274:Rolls-Royce Pegasus
197:Pratt & Whitney
142:Rolls-Royce Pegasus
3670:1959 introductions
2700:designation system
2590:R.W. Harvey-Bailey
2536:Rolls-Royce Meteor
2522:and marine engines
970:Comparable engines
773:Pensacola, Florida
742:Engines on display
612:Pegasus 6 (Mk.101)
590:Pegasus 2 (BE53-3)
584:Pegasus 1 (BE53-2)
581:
508:
500:
457:
369:Armstrong Siddeley
363:, Verdon Smith of
276:
166:swivelling nozzles
98:Major applications
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2662:
2661:
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2021:
2020:
1837:
1836:
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1336:978-1-84884-042-3
1176:978-1-84884-042-3
785:, Munich, Germany
268:
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193:military aircraft
138:
137:
16:(Redirected from
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2207:(as Turbo-Union)
2201:(with MAN Turbo)
2180:(with MAN Turbo)
2040:Rolls-Royce RZ.2
1917:Eagle XVI (X-16)
1887:
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1224:
1222:
1213:. Archived from
1207:
1201:
1196:
1190:
1187:
1181:
1180:
1160:
1154:
1151:
1145:
1144:
1136:
1117:
1114:
1108:
1107:
1081:
1075:
1066:
1060:
1052:
1046:
1028:
1022:
1021:
1009:
844:137 in (3.480 m)
783:Deutsches Museum
699:AV-8B Harrier II
682:aircraft carrier
656:AV-8B Harrier II
566:vertical takeoff
543:
538:imperial gallons
466:thrust vectoring
263:
256:
252:
249:
243:
220:
212:
185:Bristol Siddeley
150:Bristol Siddeley
129:
119:
99:
69:
44:
32:
21:
3690:
3689:
3685:
3684:
3683:
3681:
3680:
3679:
3645:
3644:
3643:
3638:
3605:
3348:
3013:
3004:
2702:
2693:
2663:
2658:
2644:
2625:Arthur Rowledge
2569:
2545:
2529:Piston engines:
2521:
2515:
2303:
2297:
2240:
2138:
2044:
2017:
1981:
1876:
1868:
1838:
1833:
1803:
1774:
1750:
1726:Coupled Proteus
1702:
1637:
1622:
1575:
1511:
1486:
1478:
1466:
1418:
1360:
1322:
1321:
1311:
1310:
1306:
1296:
1294:
1286:
1285:
1281:
1272:Wayback Machine
1263:
1259:
1248:
1244:
1227:
1220:
1218:
1211:"Archived copy"
1209:
1208:
1204:
1197:
1193:
1188:
1184:
1177:
1162:
1161:
1157:
1152:
1148:
1138:
1137:
1120:
1115:
1111:
1096:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1067:
1063:
1053:
1049:
1043:Wayback Machine
1029:
1025:
1018:Digital Library
1011:
1010:
1006:
996:
943:
899:
863:
850:48 in (1.219 m)
828:
818:
744:
704:BAE Sea Harrier
695:
668:Sea Harrier FA2
664:water injection
660:BAE Harrier IIs
555:
541:
530:
528:Water injection
521:
492:
449:
437:liquid hydrogen
399:
338:Hawker Aviation
281:
264:
253:
247:
244:
233:
221:
210:
183:Originally the
154:Rolls-Royce plc
127:
117:
109:
107:BAE Sea Harrier
105:
97:
92:September 1959
68:National origin
67:
35:Pegasus / F402
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3688:
3686:
3678:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
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3578:
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3563:
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3526:
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3516:
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3501:
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3491:
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3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3405:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3358:
3356:
3350:
3349:
3347:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3295:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3268:
3267:
3262:
3256:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
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3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
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3035:
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3025:
3019:
3017:
3006:
3005:
3003:
3002:
2996:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2974:
2973:
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2963:
2958:
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2948:
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2933:
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2798:
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2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2712:
2710:
2704:
2703:
2694:
2692:
2691:
2684:
2677:
2669:
2660:
2659:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2610:Adrian Lombard
2607:
2602:
2600:Stanley Hooker
2597:
2592:
2587:
2581:
2579:
2575:
2574:
2571:
2570:
2568:
2567:
2562:
2560:Marine Olympus
2556:
2554:
2547:
2546:
2544:
2543:
2538:
2532:
2530:
2523:
2517:
2516:
2514:
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2493:
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2223:
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2208:
2202:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2175:
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2165:
2159:
2154:
2148:
2146:
2140:
2139:
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2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2080:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2054:
2052:
2046:
2045:
2043:
2042:
2037:
2031:
2029:
2027:Rocket engines
2023:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1989:
1987:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1893:
1891:
1884:
1882:Piston engines
1878:
1877:
1869:
1867:
1866:
1859:
1852:
1844:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1831:
1826:
1824:Stanley Hooker
1821:
1815:
1813:
1809:
1808:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1785:
1783:
1780:Rocket engines
1776:
1775:
1773:
1772:
1767:
1761:
1759:
1752:
1751:
1749:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1717:
1715:
1704:
1703:
1701:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1665:
1659:
1657:
1643:
1640:rocket engines
1628:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1621:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1589:
1587:
1584:radial engines
1577:
1576:
1574:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1522:
1520:
1517:Radial engines
1513:
1512:
1510:
1509:
1503:
1501:
1491:
1488:Piston engines
1480:
1479:
1467:
1465:
1464:
1457:
1450:
1442:
1436:
1435:
1430:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1412:
1402:
1389:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1359:
1358:External links
1356:
1355:
1354:
1351:
1338:
1327:
1326:
1320:
1319:
1304:
1288:"Engines List"
1279:
1257:
1242:
1202:
1191:
1182:
1175:
1155:
1146:
1118:
1109:
1094:
1084:Andrew., Dow.
1076:
1061:
1047:
1023:
1003:
1002:
1001:
1000:
995:
992:
991:
990:
979:
978:
967:
966:
961:
950:
949:
942:
939:
938:
937:
928:
927:0.76 lb/lbf-hr
919:
910:
898:
895:
894:
893:
884:
873:
862:
859:
858:
857:
851:
845:
839:
827:
824:
817:
814:
813:
812:
802:
797:
791:
786:
780:
774:
768:
763:
758:
753:
743:
740:
739:
738:
732:
731:
727:
726:
721:
716:
711:
709:BAE Harrier II
706:
701:
694:
691:
690:
689:
674:
671:
652:
649:
646:
643:
625:
622:
619:
616:
613:
610:
603:
600:
597:
594:
591:
588:
585:
554:
551:
529:
526:
520:
517:
506:Exhaust nozzle
491:
488:
448:
445:
398:
395:
314:Stanley Hooker
284:Michel Wibault
280:
277:
266:
265:
224:
222:
215:
209:
206:
191:of multi-role
189:Harrier family
164:downwards via
136:
135:
130:
128:Developed from
124:
123:
120:
114:
113:
100:
94:
93:
90:
86:
85:
80:
76:
75:
73:United Kingdom
70:
64:
63:
58:
54:
53:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3687:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3652:
3650:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3616:
3614:
3612:
3608:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3558:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3406:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3359:
3357:
3355:
3351:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3296:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3269:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3257:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3153:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
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3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3016:
3011:
3007:
3001:
2998:
2997:
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2991:
2989:
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2899:
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2879:
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2872:
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2859:
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2824:
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2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
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2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
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2764:
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2759:
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2754:
2752:
2749:
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2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2690:
2685:
2683:
2678:
2676:
2671:
2670:
2667:
2657:
2653:
2647:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2635:Arthur Rubbra
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2620:Harry Ricardo
2618:
2616:
2615:Cyril Lovesey
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2582:
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2542:
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2524:
2518:
2512:
2509:
2507:
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2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
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2479:
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2329:
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2300:
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2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2237:
2236:Trent (RB203)
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:(with SNECMA)
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2141:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:(with SNECMA)
2084:
2081:
2078:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2047:
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2038:
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2033:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2024:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
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1988:
1984:
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414:crowd pleaser
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144:is a British
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2595:Ernest Hives
2551:Gas turbines
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2304:designations
2172:
1922:Eagle (H-24)
1912:Eagle (V-12)
1874:aero engines
1829:Gordon Lewis
1682:
1663:Gyron Junior
1581:Sleeve valve
1476:aero engines
1426:
1425:August 2008
1422:
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1400:Bill Gunston
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1325:Bibliography
1316:: 123. 2009.
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248:January 2010
245:
234:Please help
229:verification
226:
182:
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158:jet aircraft
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118:Number built
29:
3015:Turboshafts
2630:Henry Royce
2565:Marine Spey
2250:Turboshafts
2083:Olympus 593
1712:Turboshafts
1642:(1959-1966)
1635:gas turbine
1490:(1920-1956)
1416:Video clips
1398:article by
1221:12 February
897:Performance
867:Compressor:
854:Dry weight:
640:Sea Harrier
562:Rolls-Royce
524:than four.
391:zero-staged
334:Sydney Camm
322:engine core
208:Development
83:Rolls-Royce
3649:Categories
3329:LHTEC T800
3010:Turboprops
2246:Turboprops
1819:Roy Fedden
1708:Turboprops
1275:RR website
994:References
877:Combustors
871:axial flow
861:Components
631:GR.3, the
279:Background
170:helicopter
89:First run
3354:Turbofans
2708:Turbojets
2650:See also
2578:Designers
2144:Turbofans
2050:Turbojets
1967:Peregrine
1812:Designers
1654:Turbofans
1650:Turbojets
1598:Centaurus
1297:27 August
1104:881430667
999:Citations
848:Diameter:
821:Data from
596:Pegasus 3
571:, in the
318:Orpheus 3
291:turboprop
3334:APW T800
3152:variants
2421:RB168-62
2184:RB168-62
2077:variants
1890:By name:
1672:variants
1603:Hercules
1268:Archived
1231:cite web
1039:Archived
941:See also
903:Maximum
838:turbofan
658:and the
553:Variants
472:flight.
146:turbofan
61:Turbofan
3150: (
2173:Pegasus
2134:Welland
2075: (
2073:Olympus
2063:Derwent
1977:Vulture
1962:Pennine
1952:Kestrel
1942:Griffon
1937:Goshawk
1897:Buzzard
1799:Stentor
1756:Ramjets
1746:Theseus
1741:Proteus
1693:Phoebus
1683:Pegasus
1678:Orpheus
1670: (
1668:Olympus
1613:Perseus
1566:Phoenix
1561:Pegasus
1551:Neptune
1546:Mercury
1541:Lucifer
1536:Jupiter
1469:Bristol
1407:a 1977
1394:a 1972
888:Turbine
882:Annular
842:Length:
796:(Derby)
577:England
569:Harrier
512:Nimonic
490:Nozzles
461:turbine
387:Kestrel
320:as the
310:Olympus
306:Orpheus
2466:RB.193
2406:RB.162
2278:Nimbus
2199:RB.193
2189:RB.175
2168:Medway
2157:Conway
2124:Thames
2104:RB.162
2099:RB.145
2094:RB.108
2089:RB.106
2013:Type R
2008:Type F
2003:Type G
1998:Type H
1957:Merlin
1932:Falcon
1902:Condor
1789:BS.605
1731:Nimbus
1721:BS.360
1688:BS.100
1618:Taurus
1593:Aquila
1507:Cherub
1409:Flight
1396:Flight
1385:Flight
1347:
1334:
1173:
1102:
1092:
1071:Flight
1056:Flight
918:16.3:1
905:thrust
686:AV-8B+
542:
447:Design
422:reheat
412:and a
162:thrust
3634:XA103
3629:XA102
3624:XA101
3619:XA100
3489:YF120
2966:YJ101
2511:RB508
2506:RB410
2501:RB235
2496:RB220
2491:RB211
2486:RB203
2481:RB207
2476:RB202
2471:RB199
2461:RB183
2456:RB181
2451:RB178
2446:RB177
2441:RB176
2436:RB175
2431:RB174
2426:RB172
2416:RB168
2411:RB163
2401:RB153
2396:RB146
2391:RB145
2386:RB142
2381:RB141
2376:RB140
2371:RB109
2366:RB108
2361:RB106
2288:Tweed
2283:Trent
2273:Gnome
2258:Clyde
2226:RB235
2221:RB220
2216:RB211
2211:RB202
2205:RB199
2194:RB178
2178:RB153
2152:Adour
2129:Viper
2109:RB176
2035:Larch
1907:Crecy
1794:Gamma
1736:Orion
1698:Viper
1608:Orion
1571:Titan
1556:Orion
1531:Hydra
1526:Draco
836:spool
834:Twin-
832:Type:
470:STOVL
57:Type
3601:F415
3596:F414
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3581:F405
3576:F404
3571:F402
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3402:TF41
3397:TF39
3392:TF37
3387:TF35
3382:TF34
3377:TF33
3372:TF32
3367:TF31
3362:TF30
3344:T901
3339:T900
3324:T708
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3314:T703
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3304:T701
3299:T700
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3282:T406
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3260:T100
3000:J700
2993:J403
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2983:J401
2978:J400
2971:J102
2961:J100
2941:YJ93
2811:XJ49
2771:XJ41
2756:XJ38
2654:and
2356:RB93
2351:RB82
2346:RB80
2341:RB53
2336:RB50
2331:RB44
2326:RB41
2321:RB39
2316:RB37
2311:RB23
2293:Tyne
2263:Dart
2231:Spey
2162:M45H
2114:Soar
2068:Nene
2058:Avon
1993:PV12
1947:Hawk
1770:Odin
1765:Thor
1638:and
1427:Five
1345:ISBN
1332:ISBN
1299:2023
1237:link
1223:2014
1171:ISBN
1100:OCLC
1090:ISBN
633:USMC
351:The
308:and
178:F402
140:The
3253:T80
3248:T78
3243:T76
3238:T74
3233:T73
3228:T72
3223:T71
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3213:T69
3208:T68
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2741:J35
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2731:J33
2726:J32
2721:J31
2716:J30
2268:Gem
2119:Tay
1972:"R"
1927:Exe
936:6:1
807:in
484:APU
477:ASM
410:toy
336:of
238:by
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