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is determined by physical factors such as depth and temperature. Although the transition zone generally marks a shift from brittle rock to ductile rock, exceptions exist in certain conditions. If stress is applied rapidly, rock below the transition zone may fracture. Above the transition zone, the rock may deform ductilely if pore fluids are present and stress is applied gradually.
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of the crust. The upper region of the Earth's crust, which is about 10–15 km thick, is highly conductive due to electronic-conducting structures which are commonly distributed throughout this region. In contrast, the lower region of the crust is highly resistive and its electrical conductivity
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and deeper for fast deformation and/or low heat flow. Crustal composition and age also affect the depth: it is shallower (~10–20 km) in warm, young crust and deeper (~20–30 km) in cool, old crust.
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equals the upward-increasing ductile strength, giving a characteristic "saw-tooth" crustal strength profile. The transition zone is, therefore, the strongest part of the crust and the depth at which most
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Rolandone, F.; Bürgmann, R.; Nadeau, R. M. (2004), "The evolution of the seismic-aseismic transition during the earthquake cycle: Constraints from the time-dependent depth distribution of aftershocks",
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are common, as are ductilely deformed cataclasites and pseudotachylites. These sections become exposed in geologically active regions where the transition zone is located the
289:"Direct observation of fault zone structure at the brittle-ductile transition along the Salzach-Ennstal-Mariazell-Puchberg fault system, Austrian Alps"
70:, the transition zone occurs at an approximate depth of 20 km, at temperatures of 250–400 °C. At this depth, rock becomes less likely to
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once active in the transition zone, and now exposed at the surface, typically have a complex overprinting of brittle and ductile rock types.
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171:. Along this fault line, researchers have directly observed changes in structure and strength profiles in transition zone.
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that marks the transition from the upper, more brittle crust to the lower, more ductile crust. For
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Frost, Erik; Dolan, James; Ratschbacher, Lothar; Hacker, Bradley; Seward, Gareth (2011).
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The Study of
Continental Lithosphere Electrical Conductivity, Temperature and Rheology
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Zhamaletdinov, A. A. (2019). Zhamaletdinov, Abdullkhay A.; Rebetsky, Yury L. (eds.).
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211:"On the Nature of the Brittle-Ductile Transition Zone in the Earth's Crust (Review)"
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and temperature gradient; it is shallower for slow deformation and/or high
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Ductile
Brittle Transition Temperature in materials science
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The
Brittle-Ductile Transition in Rocks: The Heard Volume
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The transition zone occurs at the depth in the Earth's
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259:Condie, Kent C. (2005), Condie, Kent C. (ed.),
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293:Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
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18:Brittle-ductile transition zone
346:. American Geophysical Union.
124:Changes in Physical Properties
102:where the downward-increasing
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82:of a material increases with
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94:Depth of the Transition Zone
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137:Examples exposed on land
38:and changes in dominant
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410:Structure of the Earth
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40:deformation mechanisms
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404:Categories
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175:See also
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