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538:
to microorganisms in these environments. Under aerobic conditions in soils or pure cultures, products of bromoxynil degradation often retain the original bromine groups. The herbicide, and one of its common degradation products (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoic acid) have been shown to undergo
556:
per liter. In one case as high as 384 nanograms per liter were detected. Levels of bromoxynil were consistently lower than of several other pesticides tested, and it was observed to undergo greater reduction in water treatment than the others.
573:
effects have been observed in rats and rabbits above 30 milligrams per kilogram. Chronic exposure for more than one year in humans caused symptoms of weight loss, fever, vomiting, headache, and urinary problems in one documented case.
534:
Bromoxynil decomposes with a half life of approximately two weeks in soil. Persistence increases in soils with elevated clay or organic matter content, suggesting the compound has somewhat limited
466:
1016:
332:
627:"Dehalogenation of Bromoxynil (3,5-Dibromo-4-Hydroxybenzonitrile) and Ioxynil (3,5-Diiodino-4-Hydroxybenzonitrile) by Desulfitobacterium chlororespirans"
804:
545:
608:
Franz Müller and Arnold P. Applebyki "Weed
Control, 2. Individual Herbicides" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2010
1728:
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1164:
297:
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In the Great Plains region of Canada, where it is widely used on cereal grains, average levels detected in drinking water were 1
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105:
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59:
Brominal, Bromotril, Bronate, Buctril, Certrol B, Litarol, M&B 10064, Merit, Pardner, Sabre, Torch
1024:
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511:, and as such sold under many trade names. It is a white solid. It works by inhibiting
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757:
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389:
156:
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676:"Pesticides in Surface Drinking-Water Supplies of the Northern Great Plains"
508:
782:
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23:
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691:
136:
443:
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
1417:
204:
1121:
116:
104:
94:
1549:
1527:
1154:
1149:
742:"Technical Bulletin Ioxynil and Bromoxynil Selective Herbicides"
195:
786:
724:"Extension Toxicology Network: Pesticide information profiles"
526:
It is a post-emergence to control annual broadleaved weeds.
266:
589:
II (moderately toxic) and not available for homeowner use.
523:
It is produced by bromination of 4-hydroxybenzonitrile.
461:
306:
InChI=1S/C7H3Br2NO/c8-5-1-4(3-10)2-6(9)7(5)11/h1-2,11H
316:
InChI=1/C7H3Br2NO/c8-5-1-4(3-10)2-6(9)7(5)11/h1-2,11H
592:
Bromoxynil's taste is "slight, not characteristic".
1620:
1578:
1535:
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1440:
1408:
1399:
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1111:
1063:
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824:
674:Donald DB, Cessna AJ, Sverko E, Glozier NE (2007).
565:Lethal doses in mammals range between 60 and 600
746:International Journal of Pest Management: Part C
228:
80:
798:
8:
779:in the Pesticide Properties DataBase (PPDB)
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1179:
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805:
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783:
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15:
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650:
248:
625:Cupples AM, Sanford RA, Sims GK (2005).
601:
337:
302:
277:
631:Applied and Environmental Microbiology
177:
515:. It is moderately toxic to mammals.
309:Key: UPMXNNIRAGDFEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
144:
124:
7:
319:Key: UPMXNNIRAGDFEH-UHFFFAOYAP
219:
203:
546:Desulfitobacterium chlororespirans
14:
50:3,5-Dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile
451:
379:
367:
31:
22:
643:10.1128/AEM.71.7.3741-3746.2005
447:(at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
373:
752:(3): 301–322. September 1968.
382:
361:
1:
569:ingested per kilogram, and
504:CN. It is classified as a
1755:
1537:Photosystem II inhibitors
1451:Photosystem II inhibitors
758:10.1080/05331856809438464
441:
405:colorless or white solid
348:
328:
293:
64:
56:
44:
39:
30:
21:
1729:Bromobenzene derivatives
1410:Photosystem I inhibitors
680:Environ. Health Perspect
614:10.1002/14356007.o28_o01
583:restricted use pesticide
581:it is distributed as a
543:by the microorganism
492:with the formula HOBr
539:metabolic reductive
340:Brc1cc(C#N)cc(Br)c1O
46:Preferred IUPAC name
1638:aminocyclopyrachlor
1603:sulfometuron methyl
432:Solubility in water
397: g·mol
18:
1598:metsulfuron-methyl
1267:Nitrophenyl ethers
519:Production and use
474:Infobox references
16:
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1521:
1436:
1435:
1357:
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1258:Protox inhibitors
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1251:
1248:
1247:
1175:ACCase inhibitors
482:Chemical compound
480:
479:
437:organic solvents
262:CompTox Dashboard
106:Interactive image
1746:
1533:
1447:
1406:
1315:Pyrimidinediones
1263:
1180:
1118:
1065:Organophosphorus
807:
800:
793:
784:
762:
761:
738:
732:
731:
726:. Archived from
720:
714:
713:
703:
692:10.1289/ehp.9435
686:(8): 1183–1191.
671:
665:
664:
654:
637:(7): 3741–3746.
622:
616:
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490:organic compound
464:
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363:
356:Chemical formula
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1025:flurochloridone
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997:copper arsenate
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536:bioavailability
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1580:ALS inhibitors
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1504:terbuthylazine
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1184:FOP herbicides
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1017:HPPD inhbitors
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992:cacodylic acid
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769:External links
767:
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730:on 2007-04-01.
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587:toxicity class
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541:dehalogenation
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1593:flazasulfuron
1591:
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1588:chlorsulfuron
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1349:sulfentrazone
1347:
1345:
1344:carfentrazone
1342:
1341:
1339:
1337:Triazolinones
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1038:
1036:
1035:leptospermone
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421:Melting point
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178:ECHA InfoCard
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43:
38:
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29:
25:
20:
1698:pyribenzoxim
1693:prosulfocarb
1683:metam sodium
1647:
1545:chlortoluron
1328:saflufenacil
1030:isoxaflutole
939:aminopyralid
903:pretilachlor
873:dimethenamid
868:diflufenican
814:Pest control
774:
749:
745:
736:
728:the original
718:
683:
679:
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522:
485:
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146:ChEMBL453905
65:Identifiers
57:Other names
1570:tebuthiuron
1565:monolinuron
1323:butafenacil
1305:oxyfluorfen
1285:fluorodifen
1275:acifluorfen
1192:chlorazifop
1140:dichlorprop
1093:glufosinate
1055:sulcotrione
964:pyrithiobac
918:trifluralin
888:metolachlor
883:metazachlor
853:benfluralin
571:teratogenic
530:Degradation
425:194–195 °C
415:2.243 g/mL
402:Appearance
349:Properties
184:100.015.348
126:CHEBI:17192
17:Bromoxynil
1724:Herbicides
1718:Categories
1688:metribuzin
1668:indaziflam
1648:bromoxynil
1608:tribenuron
1514:metamitron
1474:hexazinone
1401:Quaternary
1376:fluroxypyr
1240:sethoxydim
1222:quizalofop
1207:fenoxaprop
1103:piperophos
1098:glyphosate
1050:sethoxydim
1045:nitisinone
1040:mesotrione
984:Arsenicals
969:quinclorac
949:clopyralid
944:chloramben
908:propachlor
838:acetochlor
818:herbicides
776:Bromoxynil
596:References
567:milligrams
486:Bromoxynil
390:Molar mass
250:J46EK95K0P
157:ChemSpider
93:3D model (
72:CAS Number
1678:methazole
1653:clomazone
1633:aclonifen
1509:terbutryn
1489:propazine
1484:prometryn
1469:cyanazine
1442:Triazines
1418:cyperquat
1391:triclopyr
1386:thiazopyr
1371:dithiopyr
1363:Pyridines
1290:fomesafen
1217:haloxyfop
1212:fluazifop
1197:cyhalofop
1078:bialaphos
1073:bensulide
974:quinmerac
863:diethatyl
858:butachlor
509:herbicide
82:1689-84-5
1734:Nitriles
1643:Bentazon
1499:simetryn
1494:simazine
1479:prometon
1464:atrazine
1428:paraquat
1381:imazapyr
1300:nitrofen
1295:lactofen
1202:diclofop
1160:mecoprop
1145:fenoprop
1088:fosamine
1083:ethephon
959:picloram
928:Aromatic
913:propanil
893:oryzalin
878:flamprop
843:alachlor
830:anilines
826:Anilides
710:17687445
661:16000784
554:nanogram
1739:Phenols
1673:juglone
1663:dinoseb
1560:monuron
1555:linuron
1459:ametryn
1280:bifenox
1165:2,4,5-T
1113:Phenoxy
954:dicamba
701:1940079
652:1169022
577:In the
506:nitrile
467:what is
465: (
411:Density
395:276.915
217:PubChem
1621:Others
1423:diquat
1135:2,4-DB
1122:Auxins
848:asulam
708:
698:
659:
649:
561:Safety
488:is an
462:verify
459:
333:SMILES
205:C04178
137:ChEMBL
40:Names
1703:Ziram
1528:Ureas
1130:2,4-D
931:acids
298:InChI
230:15531
166:14775
117:ChEBI
95:JSmol
1658:DCBN
1628:3-AT
1550:DCMU
1155:MCPB
1150:MCPA
1007:MSMA
1002:DSMA
706:PMID
657:PMID
241:UNII
196:KEGG
754:doi
696:PMC
688:doi
684:115
647:PMC
639:doi
610:doi
585:in
267:EPA
220:CID
1720::
816::
750:14
748:.
744:.
704:.
694:.
682:.
678:.
655:.
645:.
635:71
633:.
629:.
549:.
374:Br
828:/
806:e
799:t
792:v
760:.
756::
712:.
690::
663:.
641::
612::
502:2
500:H
498:6
496:C
494:2
457:Y
383:O
380:N
377:2
371:3
368:H
365:7
362:C
269:)
265:(
97:)
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