998:, which are muscles used for drawing the leg laterally away from the body. These muscles would have been necessary for creating abduction torque when standing, and could have theoretically aided in an occasional bipedal stance or even limited bipedal walking. Another possible explanation for the proportionally large leg muscles is that they were used to control unusually long legs. While no material from the legs is known, the large anterior expansion of the scapula provides only weak support for this hypothesis. If this interpretation is correct, however, the morphology of
2233:
2244:
2251:
3645:
137:
4377:
5612:
423:
5606:
3650:
938:
474:. The site had been previously known to private collectors, who had already stolen a considerable number of fossils, many of which are likely to be scientifically valuable. Exposed bones that remained were in various states of disrepair: some had even been broken and their pieces used to hold down a plastic tarpaulin. Due in part to this "pillaging" of the fossil site, the team was unable to recover more complete specimens.
376:
483:
3107:
5601:
3099:
5595:
4369:
2239:
119:
3119:
3113:
4385:
1022:
410:. The adult specimen is thought to have weighed around six tonnes, and probably measured around 14 meters (46 ft) in length. The juvenile specimen had about a third of this length, and probably weighed around 200 kilograms and measured 4.5 meters (15 ft) in length. Its assignment to a new species is based on several noteworthy
414:, including an oddly-shaped hipbone which would have permitted the attachment of unusually massive leg muscles. This unique ilium would have given it the largest leg muscles of any sauropod dinosaur. The ilium is unusual in being very deep and having a front part that is much larger than the part behind the hip socket.
1009:
Despite these theories, the actual data on the ilium and its powerful muscles indicates only that the animal was "unusually athletic for a sauropod". The authors acknowledge that while the unusual qualities of the hipbone probably have some functional significance, it is difficult to assess without
963:
offers little attachment area for these, though this does not necessarily imply weak retraction muscles as these would have been mostly anchored on the tail-base rather than the ilium. The supposed kicks would have possibly been used for fighting over mates or in defense against predators, such as
958:
were probably used for functions other than speed. He points out that for fast movement, the strong muscles would be oriented at the back of the leg to pull it along, but the actual positioning of the muscles indicates they were more likely used to deliver a kick. This is due to the apparent
393:
is known from two fragmentary specimens differing in size, likely a juvenile and an adult. The researchers speculate that the adult may have been the mother of the juvenile. The type specimen, OMNH 66430, is represented by the left
959:
anchoring of large femoral protraction muscles, which would have been used to move the leg forward powerfully. Large femoral retraction muscles, on the other hand, are needed for fast forward locomotion, and the ilium of
362:
is difficult to resolve due to incompleteness of the material. It is most remarkable for its unusual hipbones, which would have supported the largest thigh muscles, proportionally, of any known sauropod. The
1162:
987:
may have used its powerful leg muscles for traversing rough, hilly terrain. He described the theoretical use of such muscles in this terrain as "a sort of dinosaur four-wheel drive."
1211:
5783:
1106:
5729:
451:
1278:"Osteology of the Late Jurassic Portuguese sauropod dinosaur Lusotitan atalaiensis (Macronaria) and the evolutionary history of basal titanosauriforms"
1335:
1187:
5798:
5716:
1166:
5793:
470:
and the Sam Noble
Oklahoma Museum of Natural History. The fossils were recovered from a locality known as the Hotel Mesa Quarry in easternmost
980:
467:
983:
in Pomona, California, has stated that since it has been commonly been assumed that sauropods tend to prefer drier, upload areas, perhaps
1219:
2243:
2232:
1110:
2250:
3644:
1328:
1241:
459:
4376:
136:
5611:
5605:
463:
929:
to be securely classified as a basal somphospondyl, but were not able to resolve its affinities more precisely.
523:. A strict consensus tree was also calculated, but yielded poorly resolved results. The tree can be seen below:
5648:
3649:
1423:
1321:
443:
995:
450:, United States. The specimens were originally collected in 1994 and 1995 by a team of researchers from the
364:
3106:
5669:
3118:
3098:
922:
due to the holotype's fragmentary, nondiagnostic nature, but regarded it referable to
Titanosauriformes.
5788:
5755:
5638:
5600:
5329:
1611:
5594:
4368:
3112:
4384:
2238:
351:
279:
954:
Dr. Michael Taylor, one of the dinosaur's describers, hypothesizes that the strong thigh muscles of
2314:
5369:
2441:
792:
471:
131:
5760:
398:
of the smaller individual. Other recovered fossils include a crushed presacral centrum, several
5742:
5734:
5505:
5046:
3793:
3434:
3163:
2351:
1299:
584:
557:
439:
332:
5747:
5707:
5376:
5221:
5161:
4803:
4695:
4601:
4492:
4294:
4274:
4213:
3332:
3185:
3032:
2749:
2703:
2683:
2627:
1930:
1707:
1687:
1289:
1256:
1188:"NewsOK - Oklahoma researchers from Sam Noble museum instrumental in new dinosaur discovery"
1083:
1027:
455:
399:
41:
5643:
5513:
5246:
5139:
4835:
4815:
4796:
4754:
4681:
4667:
4550:
4301:
4221:
3868:
3404:
3395:
3256:
3248:
3175:
2935:
2813:
2634:
2490:
2321:
2050:
2043:
2035:
2022:
1939:
1485:
1472:
1435:
1408:
1383:
1344:
1138:
422:
367:
is in honor of physicist and North
American sauropod expert John "Jack" Stanton McIntosh.
210:
1072:, a new sauropod dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Cedar Mountain Formation, Utah, USA"
937:
5520:
5435:
5317:
5262:
5212:
5024:
5017:
4963:
4935:
4890:
4863:
4738:
4703:
4645:
4572:
4485:
4249:
4128:
4100:
4079:
4064:
3986:
3959:
3777:
3761:
3727:
3570:
3369:
3241:
3067:
2806:
2785:
2734:
2726:
2578:
2571:
2478:
2377:
2365:
2173:
2145:
1982:
1953:
1946:
1892:
1806:
1792:
1776:
1751:
1581:
611:
502:
258:
375:
5777:
5563:
5548:
5527:
5443:
5403:
5391:
5361:
5310:
5282:
5255:
5176:
5153:
5101:
5032:
4956:
4922:
4911:
4849:
4768:
4731:
4710:
4660:
4638:
4630:
4623:
4616:
4557:
4522:
4499:
4441:
4308:
4287:
4155:
4146:
4135:
4114:
4093:
4071:
4014:
3891:
3828:
3712:
3535:
3511:
3477:
3448:
3441:
3420:
3355:
3348:
3341:
3306:
3297:
3234:
3226:
3219:
3149:
3136:
3053:
2977:
2920:
2899:
2848:
2841:
2834:
2827:
2820:
2777:
2756:
2675:
2652:
2499:
2456:
2358:
2335:
2307:
2138:
2131:
2079:
1975:
1912:
1903:
1785:
1659:
1627:
1595:
1556:
1538:
1517:
1261:
778:
693:
598:
76:
17:
482:
5571:
5541:
5534:
5471:
5412:
5338:
5270:
5228:
5197:
5183:
5168:
5146:
5130:
5064:
5053:
5004:
4985:
4978:
4856:
4842:
4828:
4782:
4775:
4746:
4717:
4653:
4594:
4536:
4529:
4478:
4471:
4434:
4416:
4403:
4331:
4315:
4256:
4242:
4206:
4199:
4185:
4163:
4057:
4049:
4042:
4021:
3993:
3941:
3927:
3913:
3898:
3849:
3770:
3742:
3735:
3554:
3543:
3520:
3502:
3427:
3413:
3320:
3277:
3270:
3212:
3205:
2968:
2883:
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2641:
2613:
2606:
2585:
2557:
2543:
2463:
2407:
2386:
2072:
1960:
1864:
1820:
1813:
1765:
1737:
1698:
1524:
717:
669:
655:
571:
520:
411:
395:
325:
300:
5701:
5556:
5464:
5450:
5346:
5235:
5190:
5087:
5080:
5073:
5039:
4971:
4949:
4870:
4761:
4456:
4263:
4228:
4121:
4086:
4028:
4000:
3972:
3905:
3877:
3842:
3835:
3821:
3720:
3705:
3606:
3528:
3491:
3362:
3313:
3074:
2950:
2913:
2906:
2875:
2859:
2799:
2763:
2741:
2661:
2620:
2564:
2536:
2522:
2470:
2423:
2343:
2328:
2300:
2166:
2124:
2110:
2090:
2064:
2010:
2003:
1919:
1885:
1871:
1714:
1652:
1588:
1565:
1531:
1503:
972:
809:
741:
118:
51:
5457:
5384:
5353:
5115:
4942:
4789:
4724:
4688:
4674:
4609:
4580:
4543:
4506:
4449:
4035:
3979:
3934:
3884:
3856:
3814:
3750:
3698:
3680:
3667:
3591:
3584:
3577:
3563:
3470:
3463:
3456:
3376:
3288:
3263:
2993:
2943:
2927:
2891:
2792:
2668:
2592:
2506:
2449:
2400:
2152:
1968:
1857:
1721:
1680:
1645:
1374:
1276:
Mannion, Philip D.; Upchurch, Paul; Barnes, Rosie N.; Mateus, Octávio (2013).
1017:
966:
947:
530:
510:
506:
494:
339:
242:
194:
96:
61:
5692:
1303:
5420:
5302:
5108:
4587:
4565:
4514:
4235:
4192:
4178:
3920:
3613:
3599:
3484:
3198:
3046:
3039:
2770:
2719:
2282:
2269:
2184:
2159:
2117:
1996:
1836:
1603:
1545:
765:
625:
515:
226:
148:
101:
1088:
1067:
5686:
5428:
5094:
4904:
4107:
3948:
3807:
3060:
2550:
2393:
2103:
1878:
1850:
1758:
1673:
1666:
1573:
1510:
1392:
1368:
462:, Mathew J. Wedel and Richard L. Cifelli, an international team from the
335:
181:
168:
91:
86:
71:
66:
56:
5721:
4464:
2868:
2712:
2599:
2057:
1003:
544:
407:
403:
106:
81:
1294:
1277:
4993:
4171:
1989:
1362:
435:
347:
343:
158:
5663:
945:
using its strong femoral protraction muscles to deliver a kick to a
1010:
further information about the pelvis, femora and proximal caudals.
1313:
1066:
Taylor, Michael P.; Wedel, Mathew J.; Cifelli, Richard L. (2011).
936:
421:
374:
359:
328:
5295:
1799:
1163:"News.com.au - 'Thunder Thighs' dinosaur Brontomerus discovered"
447:
5667:
5627:
4401:
3665:
3134:
2267:
1470:
1355:
1317:
1212:"Sify news - Scientists name new dino species 'thunder thighs'"
2957:
358:. It is probably a fairly basal camarasauromorph, though the
1242:"The early evolution of titanosauriform sauropod dinosaurs"
350:
age, approximately 110 million years ago). It was named in
990:
In addition to powerful protraction muscles, the ilium of
979:
Dr. Matthew Wedel, assistant professor of anatomy at the
1107:"Cosmos - New dinosaur had biggest known hips, thighs"
5676:
5497:
5402:
5328:
5281:
5245:
5211:
5129:
5063:
5003:
4921:
4888:
4814:
4414:
4330:
4273:
4145:
3958:
3867:
3791:
3760:
3678:
3553:
3510:
3501:
3403:
3394:
3331:
3296:
3287:
3184:
3173:
3147:
3024:
2992:
2976:
2967:
2858:
2702:
2651:
2520:
2489:
2421:
2376:
2280:
2183:
2089:
2021:
1929:
1902:
1834:
1775:
1735:
1697:
1625:
1555:
1483:
1434:
1407:
1329:
1109:. Cosmos magazine. 2011-02-22. Archived from
8:
5784:Early Cretaceous dinosaurs of North America
1061:
1059:
383:(in white), with missing elements based on
5664:
5624:
5494:
5287:
5242:
5009:
4927:
4896:
4820:
4426:
4422:
4411:
4398:
4279:
3964:
3799:
3690:
3686:
3675:
3662:
3507:
3400:
3293:
3190:
3181:
3155:
3144:
3131:
3021:
2973:
2528:
2433:
2429:
2292:
2288:
2277:
2264:
2095:
2027:
1842:
1772:
1743:
1637:
1633:
1495:
1491:
1480:
1467:
1413:
1404:
1352:
1336:
1322:
1314:
1139:"BBC News - Dinosaur had 'thunder-thighs'"
1057:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1039:
117:
31:
1293:
1282:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
1260:
1249:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
1165:. news.com.au. 2011-02-22. Archived from
1087:
1101:
1099:
481:
1035:
1206:
1204:
1157:
1155:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1127:
981:Western University of Health Sciences
468:Western University of Health Sciences
7:
784:
757:
733:
709:
685:
661:
617:
590:
563:
536:
526:
402:, a right-side dorsal rib, a large
299:Taylor, Wedel & Cifelli, 2011 (
486:The unique and massive hipbone of
25:
5629:Topics in sauropodomorph research
5610:
5604:
5599:
5593:
4383:
4375:
4367:
3648:
3643:
3117:
3111:
3105:
3097:
2249:
2242:
2237:
2231:
1262:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2012.00853.x
1020:
501:was initially placed as a basal
497:using a 50% majority rule tree,
458:. It was named and described by
135:
5799:Taxa named by Michael P. Taylor
914:In 2012, D'Emic concluded that
324:meaning "thigh") is a possibly
925:In 2013, Mannion et al. found
1:
5794:Fossil taxa described in 2011
1076:Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
1002:may have resembled that of a
338:which lived during the early
278:Taylor, Wedel & Cifelli,
1218:. 2011-02-22. Archived from
5815:
5634:
5623:
5591:
5493:
5290:
5012:
4930:
4899:
4823:
4429:
4425:
4410:
4397:
4364:
4282:
3967:
3802:
3693:
3689:
3674:
3661:
3641:
3193:
3158:
3143:
3130:
3094:
3020:
2531:
2436:
2432:
2295:
2291:
2276:
2263:
2229:
2098:
2030:
1845:
1746:
1640:
1636:
1498:
1494:
1479:
1466:
1416:
1403:
1351:
1190:. NewsOK news. 2011-02-22
994:would have also anchored
806:
789:
782:
762:
755:
738:
731:
714:
707:
690:
683:
666:
659:
639:
622:
615:
595:
588:
568:
561:
541:
534:
464:University College London
291:
286:
132:Scientific classification
130:
125:
116:
34:
27:Extinct genus of reptiles
5649:List of sauropod species
444:Cedar Mountain Formation
354:and the type species is
1141:. Bbc.co.uk. 2011-02-22
320:meaning "thunder", and
1240:D'Emic, M. D. (2012).
951:
490:
434:were recovered from a
427:
387:
5756:Paleobiology Database
5639:Sauropod neck posture
5330:Opisthocoelicaudiinae
1089:10.4202/app.2010.0073
1070:Brontomerus mcintoshi
940:
495:phylogenetic analysis
485:
425:
378:
356:Brontomerus mcintoshi
18:Brontomerus mcintoshi
5498:Dubious titanosaurs
2315:Chinshakiangosaurus
379:Preserved bones of
5370:Opisthocoelicaudia
2442:Archaeodontosaurus
952:
941:Reconstruction of
793:Opisthocoelicaudia
491:
472:Grand County, Utah
438:at the top of the
428:
406:, and two partial
388:
5771:
5770:
5743:Open Tree of Life
5670:Taxon identifiers
5661:
5660:
5657:
5656:
5619:
5618:
5589:
5588:
5585:
5584:
5581:
5580:
5506:Bruhathkayosaurus
5489:
5488:
5485:
5484:
5481:
5480:
5207:
5206:
5125:
5124:
5047:Panamericansaurus
4884:
4883:
4880:
4879:
4393:
4392:
4362:
4361:
4358:
4357:
4354:
4353:
4350:
4349:
4326:
4325:
3794:Titanosauriformes
3787:
3786:
3657:
3656:
3639:
3638:
3635:
3634:
3631:
3630:
3627:
3626:
3623:
3622:
3435:Brachytrachelopan
3390:
3389:
3386:
3385:
3164:Haplocanthosaurus
3126:
3125:
3092:
3091:
3088:
3087:
3084:
3083:
3025:Dubious sauropods
3016:
3015:
3012:
3011:
3008:
3007:
2516:
2515:
2417:
2416:
2352:Protognathosaurus
2259:
2258:
2227:
2226:
2223:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2215:
2214:
2211:
2210:
2207:
2206:
2203:
2202:
1830:
1829:
1731:
1730:
1621:
1620:
1462:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1454:
1453:
1295:10.1111/zoj.12029
911:
910:
902:
901:
893:
892:
884:
883:
875:
874:
866:
865:
857:
856:
848:
847:
839:
838:
830:
829:
821:
820:
585:Titanosauriformes
558:Camarasauromorpha
507:Titanosauriformes
460:Michael P. Taylor
440:Ruby Ranch Member
426:All known remains
309:
308:
304:
282:
16:(Redirected from
5806:
5764:
5763:
5751:
5750:
5738:
5737:
5725:
5724:
5712:
5711:
5710:
5697:
5696:
5695:
5665:
5625:
5614:
5608:
5603:
5597:
5495:
5377:Pellegrinisaurus
5288:
5243:
5222:Bustingorrytitan
5162:Futalognkosaurus
5010:
4928:
4897:
4821:
4804:Diamantinasauria
4696:Pellegrinisaurus
4602:Jiangshanosaurus
4493:Baotianmansaurus
4427:
4423:
4412:
4399:
4388:
4387:
4380:
4379:
4372:
4371:
4295:Diamantinasaurus
4280:
4275:Diamantinasauria
4214:Jiangshanosaurus
3965:
3800:
3691:
3687:
3676:
3663:
3652:
3647:
3508:
3401:
3333:Rebbachisaurinae
3294:
3191:
3186:Rebbachisauridae
3182:
3156:
3145:
3132:
3121:
3115:
3110:
3109:
3102:
3101:
3033:Bothriospondylus
3022:
2974:
2750:Eomamenchisaurus
2704:Mamenchisauridae
2684:Lapparentosaurus
2628:Spinophorosaurus
2529:
2434:
2430:
2293:
2289:
2278:
2265:
2254:
2253:
2246:
2241:
2235:
2096:
2028:
1931:Massospondylidae
1843:
1773:
1744:
1708:Jaklapallisaurus
1688:Thecodontosaurus
1638:
1634:
1496:
1492:
1481:
1468:
1414:
1405:
1398:
1397:
1353:
1338:
1331:
1324:
1315:
1308:
1307:
1297:
1273:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1246:
1237:
1231:
1230:
1228:
1227:
1208:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1195:
1184:
1178:
1177:
1175:
1174:
1159:
1150:
1149:
1147:
1146:
1135:
1122:
1121:
1119:
1118:
1103:
1094:
1093:
1091:
1063:
1030:
1028:Dinosaurs portal
1025:
1024:
1023:
996:abductor muscles
785:
758:
734:
710:
686:
662:
618:
591:
564:
537:
527:
456:Norman, Oklahoma
400:caudal vertebrae
333:camarasauromorph
298:
277:
270:
257:
241:
225:
209:
140:
139:
121:
111:
48:
42:Lower Cretaceous
40:Temporal range:
32:
21:
5814:
5813:
5809:
5808:
5807:
5805:
5804:
5803:
5774:
5773:
5772:
5767:
5759:
5754:
5746:
5741:
5733:
5728:
5720:
5715:
5706:
5705:
5700:
5691:
5690:
5685:
5672:
5662:
5653:
5644:Sauropod hiatus
5630:
5615:
5577:
5514:Campylodoniscus
5477:
5398:
5324:
5277:
5247:Nemegtosauridae
5241:
5203:
5140:Argentinosaurus
5121:
5059:
4999:
4917:
4893:
4876:
4836:Atsinganosaurus
4816:Lirainosaurinae
4810:
4797:Xianshanosaurus
4682:Normanniasaurus
4668:Narambuenatitan
4551:Dongyangosaurus
4419:
4406:
4389:
4382:
4374:
4366:
4346:
4322:
4302:Sarmientosaurus
4269:
4222:Phuwiangosaurus
4141:
3954:
3869:Brachiosauridae
3863:
3796:
3783:
3756:
3683:
3670:
3653:
3619:
3549:
3497:
3405:Dicraeosauridae
3396:Flagellicaudata
3382:
3327:
3283:
3257:Nopcsaspondylus
3249:Maraapunisaurus
3178:
3176:Diplodocimorpha
3169:
3152:
3139:
3122:
3104:
3096:
3080:
3004:
2988:
2963:
2936:Tehuelchesaurus
2854:
2814:Tienshanosaurus
2698:
2647:
2635:Tehuelchesaurus
2525:
2512:
2491:Vulcanodontidae
2485:
2426:
2413:
2372:
2322:Gongxianosaurus
2285:
2272:
2255:
2248:
2199:
2179:
2085:
2044:Jingshanosaurus
2036:Chuxiongosaurus
2023:Sauropodiformes
2017:
1940:Adeopapposaurus
1925:
1898:
1839:
1826:
1771:
1740:
1727:
1693:
1630:
1617:
1551:
1488:
1486:Sauropodomorpha
1475:
1473:Sauropodomorpha
1450:
1436:Sauropodomorpha
1430:
1424:Avemetatarsalia
1409:Avemetatarsalia
1399:
1384:Avemetatarsalia
1358:
1357:
1347:
1345:Sauropodomorpha
1342:
1312:
1311:
1275:
1274:
1270:
1244:
1239:
1238:
1234:
1225:
1223:
1210:
1209:
1202:
1193:
1191:
1186:
1185:
1181:
1172:
1170:
1161:
1160:
1153:
1144:
1142:
1137:
1136:
1125:
1116:
1114:
1105:
1104:
1097:
1065:
1064:
1037:
1026:
1021:
1019:
1016:
935:
912:
903:
894:
885:
876:
867:
858:
849:
840:
831:
822:
480:
420:
373:
276:
268:
255:
239:
223:
211:Sauropodomorpha
207:
134:
126:Holotype ilium
112:
110:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
46:
45:
38:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5812:
5810:
5802:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5786:
5776:
5775:
5769:
5768:
5766:
5765:
5752:
5739:
5726:
5713:
5698:
5682:
5680:
5674:
5673:
5668:
5659:
5658:
5655:
5654:
5652:
5651:
5646:
5641:
5635:
5632:
5631:
5628:
5621:
5620:
5617:
5616:
5592:
5590:
5587:
5586:
5583:
5582:
5579:
5578:
5576:
5575:
5568:
5560:
5553:
5545:
5538:
5531:
5524:
5521:Clasmodosaurus
5517:
5510:
5501:
5499:
5491:
5490:
5487:
5486:
5483:
5482:
5479:
5478:
5476:
5475:
5468:
5461:
5454:
5447:
5440:
5436:Maxakalisaurus
5432:
5425:
5417:
5408:
5406:
5400:
5399:
5397:
5396:
5388:
5381:
5373:
5366:
5358:
5350:
5343:
5334:
5332:
5326:
5325:
5323:
5322:
5318:Quaesitosaurus
5314:
5307:
5299:
5291:
5285:
5279:
5278:
5276:
5275:
5267:
5263:Quaesitosaurus
5259:
5251:
5249:
5240:
5239:
5232:
5225:
5217:
5215:
5213:Saltasauroidea
5209:
5208:
5205:
5204:
5202:
5201:
5194:
5187:
5180:
5173:
5165:
5158:
5150:
5143:
5135:
5133:
5127:
5126:
5123:
5122:
5120:
5119:
5112:
5105:
5098:
5091:
5084:
5077:
5069:
5067:
5061:
5060:
5058:
5057:
5050:
5043:
5036:
5029:
5025:Maxakalisaurus
5021:
5018:Adamantisaurus
5013:
5007:
5001:
5000:
4998:
4997:
4990:
4982:
4975:
4968:
4964:Epachthosaurus
4960:
4953:
4946:
4939:
4936:Antarctosaurus
4931:
4925:
4919:
4918:
4916:
4915:
4908:
4900:
4894:
4891:Eutitanosauria
4889:
4886:
4885:
4882:
4881:
4878:
4877:
4875:
4874:
4867:
4864:Mansourasaurus
4860:
4853:
4846:
4839:
4832:
4824:
4818:
4812:
4811:
4809:
4808:
4800:
4793:
4786:
4779:
4772:
4765:
4758:
4751:
4743:
4739:Tastavinsaurus
4735:
4728:
4721:
4714:
4707:
4704:Petrobrasaurus
4700:
4692:
4685:
4678:
4671:
4664:
4657:
4650:
4646:Malarguesaurus
4642:
4635:
4627:
4620:
4613:
4606:
4598:
4591:
4584:
4577:
4573:Epachthosaurus
4569:
4562:
4554:
4547:
4540:
4533:
4526:
4519:
4511:
4503:
4496:
4489:
4486:Austroposeidon
4482:
4475:
4468:
4461:
4453:
4446:
4438:
4430:
4420:
4415:
4408:
4407:
4402:
4395:
4394:
4391:
4390:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4359:
4356:
4355:
4352:
4351:
4348:
4347:
4345:
4344:
4343:
4342:
4336:
4334:
4328:
4327:
4324:
4323:
4321:
4320:
4312:
4305:
4298:
4291:
4283:
4277:
4271:
4270:
4268:
4267:
4260:
4253:
4250:Tangvayosaurus
4246:
4239:
4232:
4225:
4218:
4210:
4203:
4196:
4189:
4182:
4175:
4168:
4160:
4151:
4149:
4143:
4142:
4140:
4139:
4132:
4129:Tastavinsaurus
4125:
4118:
4111:
4104:
4101:Pukyongosaurus
4097:
4090:
4083:
4080:Liubangosaurus
4076:
4068:
4065:Liaoningotitan
4061:
4054:
4046:
4039:
4032:
4025:
4018:
4011:
4004:
3997:
3990:
3987:Astrophocaudia
3983:
3976:
3968:
3962:
3960:Somphospondyli
3956:
3955:
3953:
3952:
3945:
3938:
3931:
3924:
3917:
3910:
3902:
3895:
3888:
3881:
3873:
3871:
3865:
3864:
3862:
3861:
3853:
3846:
3839:
3832:
3825:
3818:
3811:
3803:
3797:
3792:
3789:
3788:
3785:
3784:
3782:
3781:
3778:Lourinhasaurus
3774:
3766:
3764:
3762:Camarasauridae
3758:
3757:
3755:
3754:
3747:
3739:
3732:
3728:Dashanpusaurus
3724:
3717:
3709:
3702:
3694:
3684:
3679:
3672:
3671:
3666:
3659:
3658:
3655:
3654:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3636:
3633:
3632:
3629:
3628:
3625:
3624:
3621:
3620:
3618:
3617:
3610:
3603:
3596:
3588:
3581:
3574:
3571:Dinheirosaurus
3567:
3559:
3557:
3551:
3550:
3548:
3547:
3540:
3532:
3525:
3516:
3514:
3505:
3499:
3498:
3496:
3495:
3488:
3481:
3474:
3467:
3460:
3453:
3445:
3438:
3431:
3424:
3417:
3409:
3407:
3398:
3392:
3391:
3388:
3387:
3384:
3383:
3381:
3380:
3373:
3370:Rebbachisaurus
3366:
3359:
3352:
3345:
3337:
3335:
3329:
3328:
3326:
3325:
3317:
3310:
3302:
3300:
3291:
3285:
3284:
3282:
3281:
3274:
3267:
3260:
3253:
3245:
3242:Lavocatisaurus
3238:
3231:
3223:
3216:
3209:
3202:
3194:
3188:
3179:
3174:
3171:
3170:
3168:
3167:
3159:
3153:
3148:
3141:
3140:
3135:
3128:
3127:
3124:
3123:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3089:
3086:
3085:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3078:
3071:
3068:Qinlingosaurus
3064:
3057:
3050:
3043:
3036:
3028:
3026:
3018:
3017:
3014:
3013:
3010:
3009:
3006:
3005:
3003:
3002:
3001:(see below ↓ )
2998:
2996:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2986:
2985:(see below ↓ )
2982:
2980:
2971:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2961:
2954:
2947:
2940:
2932:
2924:
2917:
2910:
2903:
2896:
2888:
2880:
2872:
2864:
2862:
2856:
2855:
2853:
2852:
2845:
2838:
2831:
2824:
2817:
2810:
2807:Rhomaleopakhus
2803:
2796:
2789:
2786:Mamenchisaurus
2782:
2774:
2767:
2760:
2753:
2746:
2738:
2735:Chuanjiesaurus
2731:
2727:Cetiosauriscus
2723:
2716:
2708:
2706:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2696:
2688:
2680:
2672:
2665:
2657:
2655:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2645:
2638:
2631:
2624:
2617:
2610:
2603:
2596:
2589:
2582:
2579:Dashanpusaurus
2575:
2572:Cetiosauriscus
2568:
2561:
2554:
2547:
2540:
2532:
2526:
2521:
2518:
2517:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2510:
2503:
2495:
2493:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2483:
2479:Zizhongosaurus
2475:
2467:
2460:
2453:
2446:
2437:
2427:
2422:
2419:
2418:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2411:
2404:
2397:
2390:
2382:
2380:
2378:Lessemsauridae
2374:
2373:
2371:
2370:
2366:Tuebingosaurus
2362:
2355:
2348:
2340:
2332:
2325:
2318:
2311:
2304:
2296:
2286:
2281:
2274:
2273:
2268:
2261:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2224:
2221:
2220:
2217:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2197:
2196:
2195:
2189:
2187:
2181:
2180:
2178:
2177:
2174:Sefapanosaurus
2170:
2163:
2156:
2149:
2146:Melanorosaurus
2142:
2135:
2128:
2121:
2114:
2107:
2099:
2093:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2083:
2076:
2069:
2061:
2054:
2047:
2040:
2031:
2025:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2015:
2007:
2000:
1993:
1986:
1983:Massospondylus
1979:
1972:
1965:
1957:
1954:Glacialisaurus
1950:
1947:Coloradisaurus
1943:
1935:
1933:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1923:
1916:
1908:
1906:
1900:
1899:
1897:
1896:
1893:Tuebingosaurus
1889:
1882:
1875:
1868:
1861:
1854:
1846:
1840:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1824:
1817:
1810:
1807:Pachysauriscus
1803:
1796:
1793:Gresslyosaurus
1789:
1781:
1779:
1777:Plateosauridae
1770:
1769:
1762:
1755:
1752:Plateosauravus
1747:
1741:
1736:
1733:
1732:
1729:
1728:
1726:
1725:
1718:
1711:
1703:
1701:
1695:
1694:
1692:
1691:
1684:
1677:
1670:
1663:
1656:
1649:
1641:
1631:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1615:
1608:
1600:
1592:
1585:
1582:Chromogisaurus
1578:
1570:
1561:
1559:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1549:
1542:
1535:
1528:
1521:
1514:
1507:
1499:
1489:
1484:
1477:
1476:
1471:
1464:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1456:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1449:
1448:
1447:
1446:
1440:
1438:
1432:
1431:
1429:
1428:
1427:
1426:
1417:
1411:
1401:
1400:
1396:
1395:
1386:
1377:
1371:
1365:
1356:
1349:
1348:
1343:
1341:
1340:
1333:
1326:
1318:
1310:
1309:
1268:
1255:(3): 624–671.
1232:
1200:
1179:
1151:
1123:
1095:
1034:
1033:
1032:
1031:
1015:
1012:
934:
931:
909:
908:
905:
904:
900:
899:
896:
895:
891:
890:
887:
886:
882:
881:
878:
877:
873:
872:
869:
868:
864:
863:
860:
859:
855:
854:
851:
850:
846:
845:
842:
841:
837:
836:
833:
832:
828:
827:
824:
823:
819:
818:
815:
814:
805:
802:
801:
798:
797:
788:
783:
781:
775:
774:
771:
770:
761:
756:
754:
751:
750:
747:
746:
737:
732:
730:
727:
726:
723:
722:
713:
708:
706:
703:
702:
699:
698:
689:
684:
682:
679:
678:
675:
674:
665:
660:
658:
652:
651:
648:
647:
638:
635:
634:
631:
630:
621:
616:
614:
612:Somphospondyli
608:
607:
604:
603:
594:
589:
587:
581:
580:
577:
576:
567:
562:
560:
554:
553:
550:
549:
540:
535:
533:
525:
479:
478:Classification
476:
419:
416:
412:autapomorphies
408:sternal plates
372:
369:
307:
306:
289:
288:
284:
283:
266:
262:
261:
259:Somphospondyli
253:
246:
245:
237:
230:
229:
221:
214:
213:
205:
198:
197:
192:
185:
184:
179:
172:
171:
166:
162:
161:
156:
152:
151:
146:
142:
141:
128:
127:
123:
122:
114:
113:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
49:
39:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5811:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5781:
5779:
5762:
5757:
5753:
5749:
5744:
5740:
5736:
5731:
5727:
5723:
5718:
5714:
5709:
5703:
5699:
5694:
5688:
5684:
5683:
5681:
5679:
5675:
5671:
5666:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5636:
5633:
5626:
5622:
5613:
5609:
5607:
5602:
5596:
5574:
5573:
5569:
5566:
5565:
5564:Mongolosaurus
5561:
5559:
5558:
5554:
5551:
5550:
5549:Macrurosaurus
5546:
5544:
5543:
5539:
5537:
5536:
5532:
5530:
5529:
5528:Hypselosaurus
5525:
5523:
5522:
5518:
5516:
5515:
5511:
5508:
5507:
5503:
5502:
5500:
5496:
5492:
5474:
5473:
5469:
5467:
5466:
5462:
5460:
5459:
5455:
5453:
5452:
5448:
5446:
5445:
5444:Neuquensaurus
5441:
5438:
5437:
5433:
5431:
5430:
5426:
5423:
5422:
5418:
5415:
5414:
5410:
5409:
5407:
5405:
5404:Saltasaurinae
5401:
5394:
5393:
5392:Zhuchengtitan
5389:
5387:
5386:
5382:
5379:
5378:
5374:
5372:
5371:
5367:
5364:
5363:
5362:Dreadnoughtus
5359:
5356:
5355:
5351:
5349:
5348:
5344:
5341:
5340:
5336:
5335:
5333:
5331:
5327:
5320:
5319:
5315:
5313:
5312:
5311:Qingxiusaurus
5308:
5305:
5304:
5300:
5298:
5297:
5293:
5292:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5283:Saltasauridae
5280:
5273:
5272:
5268:
5265:
5264:
5260:
5258:
5257:
5256:Nemegtosaurus
5253:
5252:
5250:
5248:
5244:
5238:
5237:
5233:
5231:
5230:
5226:
5224:
5223:
5219:
5218:
5216:
5214:
5210:
5200:
5199:
5195:
5193:
5192:
5188:
5186:
5185:
5181:
5179:
5178:
5177:Mendozasaurus
5174:
5171:
5170:
5166:
5164:
5163:
5159:
5156:
5155:
5154:Dzharatitanis
5151:
5149:
5148:
5144:
5142:
5141:
5137:
5136:
5134:
5132:
5128:
5118:
5117:
5113:
5111:
5110:
5106:
5104:
5103:
5102:Gondwanatitan
5099:
5097:
5096:
5092:
5090:
5089:
5085:
5083:
5082:
5078:
5076:
5075:
5071:
5070:
5068:
5066:
5062:
5056:
5055:
5051:
5049:
5048:
5044:
5042:
5041:
5037:
5035:
5034:
5033:Muyelensaurus
5030:
5027:
5026:
5022:
5020:
5019:
5015:
5014:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5002:
4996:
4995:
4991:
4988:
4987:
4983:
4981:
4980:
4976:
4974:
4973:
4969:
4966:
4965:
4961:
4959:
4958:
4957:Chucarosaurus
4954:
4952:
4951:
4947:
4945:
4944:
4940:
4938:
4937:
4933:
4932:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4923:Colossosauria
4920:
4914:
4913:
4912:Menucocelsior
4909:
4907:
4906:
4902:
4901:
4898:
4895:
4892:
4887:
4873:
4872:
4868:
4866:
4865:
4861:
4859:
4858:
4854:
4852:
4851:
4850:Lirainosaurus
4847:
4845:
4844:
4840:
4838:
4837:
4833:
4831:
4830:
4826:
4825:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4813:
4806:
4805:
4801:
4799:
4798:
4794:
4792:
4791:
4787:
4785:
4784:
4780:
4778:
4777:
4773:
4771:
4770:
4769:Trigonosaurus
4766:
4764:
4763:
4759:
4757:
4756:
4752:
4749:
4748:
4744:
4741:
4740:
4736:
4734:
4733:
4732:Ruyangosaurus
4729:
4727:
4726:
4722:
4720:
4719:
4715:
4713:
4712:
4711:Pitekunsaurus
4708:
4706:
4705:
4701:
4698:
4697:
4693:
4691:
4690:
4686:
4684:
4683:
4679:
4677:
4676:
4672:
4670:
4669:
4665:
4663:
4662:
4661:Mnyamawamtuka
4658:
4656:
4655:
4651:
4648:
4647:
4643:
4641:
4640:
4639:Magyarosaurus
4636:
4633:
4632:
4631:Ligabuesaurus
4628:
4626:
4625:
4624:Laplatasaurus
4621:
4619:
4618:
4617:Karongasaurus
4614:
4612:
4611:
4607:
4604:
4603:
4599:
4597:
4596:
4592:
4590:
4589:
4585:
4583:
4582:
4578:
4575:
4574:
4570:
4568:
4567:
4563:
4560:
4559:
4558:Dreadnoughtus
4555:
4553:
4552:
4548:
4546:
4545:
4541:
4539:
4538:
4534:
4532:
4531:
4527:
4525:
4524:
4523:Borealosaurus
4520:
4517:
4516:
4512:
4509:
4508:
4504:
4502:
4501:
4500:Barrosasaurus
4497:
4495:
4494:
4490:
4488:
4487:
4483:
4481:
4480:
4476:
4474:
4473:
4469:
4467:
4466:
4462:
4459:
4458:
4454:
4452:
4451:
4447:
4444:
4443:
4442:Aegyptosaurus
4439:
4437:
4436:
4432:
4431:
4428:
4424:
4421:
4418:
4413:
4409:
4405:
4400:
4396:
4386:
4381:
4378:
4370:
4340:
4339:
4338:
4337:
4335:
4333:
4329:
4318:
4317:
4313:
4311:
4310:
4309:Savannasaurus
4306:
4304:
4303:
4299:
4297:
4296:
4292:
4290:
4289:
4288:Australotitan
4285:
4284:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4272:
4266:
4265:
4261:
4259:
4258:
4254:
4252:
4251:
4247:
4245:
4244:
4240:
4238:
4237:
4233:
4231:
4230:
4226:
4224:
4223:
4219:
4216:
4215:
4211:
4209:
4208:
4204:
4202:
4201:
4197:
4195:
4194:
4190:
4188:
4187:
4183:
4181:
4180:
4176:
4174:
4173:
4169:
4166:
4165:
4161:
4158:
4157:
4156:Australodocus
4153:
4152:
4150:
4148:
4147:Euhelopodidae
4144:
4138:
4137:
4136:Triunfosaurus
4133:
4131:
4130:
4126:
4124:
4123:
4119:
4117:
4116:
4115:Sauroposeidon
4112:
4110:
4109:
4105:
4103:
4102:
4098:
4096:
4095:
4094:Padillasaurus
4091:
4089:
4088:
4084:
4082:
4081:
4077:
4074:
4073:
4072:Ligabuesaurus
4069:
4067:
4066:
4062:
4060:
4059:
4055:
4052:
4051:
4047:
4045:
4044:
4040:
4038:
4037:
4033:
4031:
4030:
4026:
4024:
4023:
4019:
4017:
4016:
4015:Chubutisaurus
4012:
4010:
4009:
4005:
4003:
4002:
3998:
3996:
3995:
3991:
3989:
3988:
3984:
3982:
3981:
3977:
3975:
3974:
3970:
3969:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3957:
3951:
3950:
3946:
3944:
3943:
3939:
3937:
3936:
3932:
3930:
3929:
3925:
3923:
3922:
3918:
3916:
3915:
3911:
3908:
3907:
3903:
3901:
3900:
3896:
3894:
3893:
3892:Brachiosaurus
3889:
3887:
3886:
3882:
3880:
3879:
3875:
3874:
3872:
3870:
3866:
3859:
3858:
3854:
3852:
3851:
3847:
3845:
3844:
3840:
3838:
3837:
3833:
3831:
3830:
3829:Fushanosaurus
3826:
3824:
3823:
3819:
3817:
3816:
3812:
3810:
3809:
3805:
3804:
3801:
3798:
3795:
3790:
3780:
3779:
3775:
3773:
3772:
3768:
3767:
3765:
3763:
3759:
3753:
3752:
3748:
3745:
3744:
3740:
3738:
3737:
3733:
3730:
3729:
3725:
3723:
3722:
3718:
3715:
3714:
3713:Bashunosaurus
3710:
3708:
3707:
3703:
3701:
3700:
3696:
3695:
3692:
3688:
3685:
3682:
3677:
3673:
3669:
3664:
3660:
3651:
3646:
3616:
3615:
3611:
3609:
3608:
3604:
3602:
3601:
3597:
3594:
3593:
3589:
3587:
3586:
3582:
3580:
3579:
3575:
3573:
3572:
3568:
3566:
3565:
3561:
3560:
3558:
3556:
3552:
3546:
3545:
3541:
3538:
3537:
3536:Atlantosaurus
3533:
3531:
3530:
3526:
3523:
3522:
3518:
3517:
3515:
3513:
3512:Apatosaurinae
3509:
3506:
3504:
3500:
3494:
3493:
3489:
3487:
3486:
3482:
3480:
3479:
3478:Smitanosaurus
3475:
3473:
3472:
3468:
3466:
3465:
3461:
3459:
3458:
3454:
3451:
3450:
3449:Dyslocosaurus
3446:
3444:
3443:
3442:Dicraeosaurus
3439:
3437:
3436:
3432:
3430:
3429:
3425:
3423:
3422:
3421:Amargatitanis
3418:
3416:
3415:
3411:
3410:
3408:
3406:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3393:
3379:
3378:
3374:
3372:
3371:
3367:
3365:
3364:
3360:
3358:
3357:
3356:Katepensaurus
3353:
3351:
3350:
3349:Itapeuasaurus
3346:
3344:
3343:
3342:Demandasaurus
3339:
3338:
3336:
3334:
3330:
3323:
3322:
3318:
3316:
3315:
3311:
3309:
3308:
3307:Cathartesaura
3304:
3303:
3301:
3299:
3298:Limaysaurinae
3295:
3292:
3290:
3286:
3280:
3279:
3275:
3273:
3272:
3268:
3266:
3265:
3261:
3259:
3258:
3254:
3251:
3250:
3246:
3244:
3243:
3239:
3237:
3236:
3235:Histriasaurus
3232:
3229:
3228:
3227:Dzharatitanis
3224:
3222:
3221:
3220:Comahuesaurus
3217:
3215:
3214:
3210:
3208:
3207:
3203:
3201:
3200:
3196:
3195:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3183:
3180:
3177:
3172:
3166:
3165:
3161:
3160:
3157:
3154:
3151:
3150:Diplodocoidea
3146:
3142:
3138:
3137:Diplodocoidea
3133:
3129:
3120:
3116:
3114:
3108:
3100:
3077:
3076:
3072:
3070:
3069:
3065:
3063:
3062:
3058:
3056:
3055:
3054:Gigantosaurus
3051:
3049:
3048:
3044:
3042:
3041:
3037:
3035:
3034:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2995:
2991:
2984:
2983:
2981:
2979:
2978:Diplodocoidea
2975:
2972:
2970:
2966:
2960:
2959:
2955:
2953:
2952:
2948:
2946:
2945:
2941:
2938:
2937:
2933:
2930:
2929:
2925:
2923:
2922:
2921:Narindasaurus
2918:
2916:
2915:
2911:
2909:
2908:
2904:
2902:
2901:
2900:Losillasaurus
2897:
2894:
2893:
2889:
2886:
2885:
2881:
2878:
2877:
2873:
2871:
2870:
2866:
2865:
2863:
2861:
2857:
2851:
2850:
2849:Zigongosaurus
2846:
2844:
2843:
2842:Yuanmousaurus
2839:
2837:
2836:
2835:Xinjiangtitan
2832:
2830:
2829:
2828:Wamweracaudia
2825:
2823:
2822:
2821:Tonganosaurus
2818:
2816:
2815:
2811:
2809:
2808:
2804:
2802:
2801:
2797:
2795:
2794:
2790:
2788:
2787:
2783:
2780:
2779:
2778:Klamelisaurus
2775:
2773:
2772:
2768:
2766:
2765:
2761:
2759:
2758:
2757:Huangshanlong
2754:
2752:
2751:
2747:
2744:
2743:
2739:
2737:
2736:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2724:
2722:
2721:
2717:
2715:
2714:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2705:
2701:
2694:
2693:
2689:
2686:
2685:
2681:
2678:
2677:
2676:Ferganasaurus
2673:
2671:
2670:
2666:
2664:
2663:
2659:
2658:
2656:
2654:
2653:Cetiosauridae
2650:
2644:
2643:
2639:
2637:
2636:
2632:
2630:
2629:
2625:
2623:
2622:
2618:
2616:
2615:
2611:
2609:
2608:
2604:
2602:
2601:
2597:
2595:
2594:
2590:
2588:
2587:
2583:
2581:
2580:
2576:
2574:
2573:
2569:
2567:
2566:
2562:
2560:
2559:
2555:
2553:
2552:
2548:
2546:
2545:
2541:
2539:
2538:
2534:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2524:
2519:
2509:
2508:
2504:
2502:
2501:
2500:Tazoudasaurus
2497:
2496:
2494:
2492:
2488:
2481:
2480:
2476:
2473:
2472:
2468:
2466:
2465:
2461:
2459:
2458:
2457:Ohmdenosaurus
2454:
2452:
2451:
2447:
2444:
2443:
2439:
2438:
2435:
2431:
2428:
2425:
2420:
2410:
2409:
2405:
2403:
2402:
2398:
2396:
2395:
2391:
2389:
2388:
2384:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2375:
2368:
2367:
2363:
2361:
2360:
2359:Schleitheimia
2356:
2354:
2353:
2349:
2346:
2345:
2341:
2338:
2337:
2336:Leonerasaurus
2333:
2331:
2330:
2326:
2324:
2323:
2319:
2317:
2316:
2312:
2310:
2309:
2308:Blikanasaurus
2305:
2303:
2302:
2298:
2297:
2294:
2290:
2287:
2284:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2266:
2262:
2252:
2247:
2245:
2240:
2234:
2193:
2192:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2182:
2176:
2175:
2171:
2169:
2168:
2164:
2162:
2161:
2157:
2155:
2154:
2150:
2148:
2147:
2143:
2141:
2140:
2139:Leonerasaurus
2136:
2134:
2133:
2132:Lamplughsaura
2129:
2127:
2126:
2122:
2120:
2119:
2115:
2113:
2112:
2108:
2106:
2105:
2101:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2088:
2082:
2081:
2080:Yunnanosaurus
2077:
2075:
2074:
2070:
2067:
2066:
2062:
2060:
2059:
2055:
2053:
2052:
2048:
2046:
2045:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2033:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2020:
2013:
2012:
2008:
2006:
2005:
2001:
1999:
1998:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1978:
1977:
1976:Lufengosaurus
1973:
1971:
1970:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1958:
1956:
1955:
1951:
1949:
1948:
1944:
1942:
1941:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1917:
1915:
1914:
1913:Eucnemesaurus
1910:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1904:Riojasauridae
1901:
1895:
1894:
1890:
1888:
1887:
1883:
1881:
1880:
1876:
1874:
1873:
1869:
1867:
1866:
1862:
1860:
1859:
1855:
1853:
1852:
1848:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1833:
1823:
1822:
1818:
1816:
1815:
1811:
1809:
1808:
1804:
1802:
1801:
1797:
1795:
1794:
1790:
1788:
1787:
1786:Euskelosaurus
1783:
1782:
1780:
1778:
1774:
1768:
1767:
1763:
1761:
1760:
1756:
1754:
1753:
1749:
1748:
1745:
1742:
1739:
1734:
1724:
1723:
1719:
1717:
1716:
1712:
1710:
1709:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1685:
1683:
1682:
1678:
1676:
1675:
1671:
1669:
1668:
1664:
1662:
1661:
1660:Bagualosaurus
1657:
1655:
1654:
1650:
1648:
1647:
1643:
1642:
1639:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1628:Bagualosauria
1624:
1614:
1613:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1596:Pampadromaeus
1593:
1591:
1590:
1586:
1584:
1583:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1563:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1557:Saturnaliidae
1554:
1548:
1547:
1543:
1541:
1540:
1539:Pampadromaeus
1536:
1534:
1533:
1529:
1527:
1526:
1522:
1520:
1519:
1518:Gigantoscelus
1515:
1513:
1512:
1508:
1506:
1505:
1501:
1500:
1497:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1469:
1465:
1444:
1443:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1433:
1425:
1421:
1420:
1419:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1394:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1372:
1370:
1366:
1364:
1360:
1359:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1339:
1334:
1332:
1327:
1325:
1320:
1319:
1316:
1305:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1288:(1): 98–206.
1287:
1283:
1279:
1272:
1269:
1263:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1243:
1236:
1233:
1222:on 2012-10-19
1221:
1217:
1213:
1207:
1205:
1201:
1189:
1183:
1180:
1169:on 2011-02-24
1168:
1164:
1158:
1156:
1152:
1140:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1124:
1113:on 2011-07-08
1112:
1108:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1090:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1071:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1036:
1029:
1018:
1013:
1011:
1007:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
988:
986:
982:
977:
975:
974:
969:
968:
962:
957:
950:
949:
944:
939:
932:
930:
928:
923:
921:
917:
907:
906:
898:
897:
889:
888:
880:
879:
871:
870:
862:
861:
853:
852:
844:
843:
835:
834:
826:
825:
817:
816:
813:
812:
811:
804:
803:
800:
799:
796:
795:
794:
787:
786:
780:
779:Saltasauridae
777:
776:
773:
772:
769:
768:
767:
760:
759:
753:
752:
749:
748:
745:
744:
743:
736:
735:
729:
728:
725:
724:
721:
720:
719:
712:
711:
705:
704:
701:
700:
697:
696:
695:
694:Nemegtosaurus
688:
687:
681:
680:
677:
676:
673:
672:
671:
664:
663:
657:
654:
653:
650:
649:
646:
645:
644:
637:
636:
633:
632:
629:
628:
627:
620:
619:
613:
610:
609:
606:
605:
602:
601:
600:
599:Brachiosaurus
593:
592:
586:
583:
582:
579:
578:
575:
574:
573:
566:
565:
559:
556:
555:
552:
551:
548:
547:
546:
539:
538:
532:
529:
528:
524:
522:
518:
517:
512:
508:
504:
503:somphospondyl
500:
496:
489:
484:
477:
475:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
424:
417:
415:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
392:
386:
382:
377:
370:
368:
366:
365:specific name
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
334:
330:
327:
323:
319:
315:
314:
305:
302:
297:
296:
290:
285:
281:
275:
274:
267:
264:
263:
260:
254:
251:
248:
247:
244:
238:
235:
232:
231:
228:
222:
219:
216:
215:
212:
206:
203:
200:
199:
196:
193:
190:
187:
186:
183:
180:
177:
174:
173:
170:
167:
164:
163:
160:
157:
154:
153:
150:
147:
144:
143:
138:
133:
129:
124:
120:
115:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
47:Aptian–Albian
43:
37:
33:
30:
19:
5789:Macronarians
5677:
5598:
5572:Titanosaurus
5570:
5562:
5555:
5547:
5542:Loricosaurus
5540:
5535:Iuticosaurus
5533:
5526:
5519:
5512:
5504:
5472:Yamanasaurus
5470:
5463:
5456:
5449:
5442:
5434:
5427:
5419:
5413:Abditosaurus
5411:
5390:
5383:
5375:
5368:
5360:
5352:
5345:
5339:Abditosaurus
5337:
5316:
5309:
5301:
5294:
5271:Tapuiasaurus
5269:
5261:
5254:
5234:
5229:Titanomachya
5227:
5220:
5198:Puertasaurus
5196:
5189:
5184:Notocolossus
5182:
5175:
5169:Jiangxititan
5167:
5160:
5152:
5147:Drusilasaura
5145:
5138:
5131:Lognkosauria
5114:
5107:
5100:
5093:
5086:
5079:
5072:
5065:Aeolosaurini
5054:Rinconsaurus
5052:
5045:
5038:
5031:
5023:
5016:
5005:Rinconsauria
4992:
4986:Tengrisaurus
4984:
4979:Quetecsaurus
4977:
4970:
4962:
4955:
4948:
4941:
4934:
4910:
4903:
4869:
4862:
4857:Lohuecotitan
4855:
4848:
4843:Garrigatitan
4841:
4834:
4829:Ampelosaurus
4827:
4802:
4795:
4788:
4783:Uberabatitan
4781:
4776:Sonidosaurus
4774:
4767:
4760:
4753:
4747:Tengrisaurus
4745:
4737:
4730:
4723:
4718:Rapetosaurus
4716:
4709:
4702:
4694:
4687:
4680:
4673:
4666:
4659:
4654:Malawisaurus
4652:
4644:
4637:
4629:
4622:
4615:
4608:
4600:
4595:Huabeisaurus
4593:
4586:
4579:
4571:
4564:
4556:
4549:
4542:
4537:Choconsaurus
4535:
4530:Brasilotitan
4528:
4521:
4513:
4505:
4498:
4491:
4484:
4479:Atacamatitan
4477:
4472:Argyrosaurus
4470:
4463:
4455:
4448:
4440:
4435:Abdarainurus
4433:
4417:Titanosauria
4404:Titanosauria
4373:
4332:Titanosauria
4316:Wintonotitan
4314:
4307:
4300:
4293:
4286:
4262:
4257:Yongjinglong
4255:
4248:
4243:Tambatitanis
4241:
4234:
4227:
4220:
4212:
4207:Huanghetitan
4205:
4200:Huabeisaurus
4198:
4191:
4186:Gannansaurus
4184:
4177:
4170:
4164:Chiayusaurus
4162:
4154:
4134:
4127:
4120:
4113:
4106:
4099:
4092:
4085:
4078:
4070:
4063:
4058:Jiutaisaurus
4056:
4050:Jiangxititan
4048:
4043:Garumbatitan
4041:
4034:
4027:
4022:Dongbeititan
4020:
4013:
4007:
4006:
3999:
3994:Austrosaurus
3992:
3985:
3978:
3971:
3947:
3942:Venenosaurus
3940:
3933:
3928:Sonorasaurus
3926:
3919:
3914:Giraffatitan
3912:
3904:
3899:Cedarosaurus
3897:
3890:
3883:
3876:
3855:
3850:Pelorosaurus
3848:
3841:
3834:
3827:
3820:
3813:
3806:
3776:
3771:Camarasaurus
3769:
3749:
3743:Haestasaurus
3741:
3736:Europasaurus
3734:
3726:
3719:
3711:
3704:
3697:
3612:
3605:
3598:
3590:
3583:
3576:
3569:
3562:
3555:Diplodocinae
3544:Brontosaurus
3542:
3534:
3527:
3521:Amphicoelias
3519:
3503:Diplodocidae
3490:
3483:
3476:
3469:
3462:
3455:
3447:
3440:
3433:
3428:Bajadasaurus
3426:
3419:
3414:Amargasaurus
3412:
3375:
3368:
3361:
3354:
3347:
3340:
3321:Rayososaurus
3319:
3312:
3305:
3278:Zapalasaurus
3276:
3271:Xenoposeidon
3269:
3262:
3255:
3247:
3240:
3233:
3225:
3218:
3213:Campananeyen
3211:
3206:Amazonsaurus
3204:
3197:
3162:
3103:
3073:
3066:
3059:
3052:
3045:
3038:
3031:
2969:Neosauropoda
2956:
2949:
2942:
2934:
2926:
2919:
2912:
2905:
2898:
2890:
2884:Haestasaurus
2882:
2874:
2867:
2847:
2840:
2833:
2826:
2819:
2812:
2805:
2798:
2791:
2784:
2776:
2769:
2762:
2755:
2748:
2740:
2733:
2725:
2718:
2711:
2692:Patagosaurus
2690:
2682:
2674:
2667:
2660:
2642:Volkheimeria
2640:
2633:
2626:
2619:
2614:Perijasaurus
2612:
2607:Nebulasaurus
2605:
2598:
2591:
2586:Dystrophaeus
2584:
2577:
2570:
2563:
2558:Barapasaurus
2556:
2549:
2544:Asiatosaurus
2542:
2535:
2505:
2498:
2477:
2469:
2464:Rhoetosaurus
2462:
2455:
2448:
2440:
2408:Lessemsaurus
2406:
2399:
2392:
2387:Antetonitrus
2385:
2364:
2357:
2350:
2342:
2334:
2327:
2320:
2313:
2306:
2299:
2236:
2172:
2165:
2158:
2151:
2144:
2137:
2130:
2123:
2116:
2109:
2102:
2078:
2073:Yizhousaurus
2071:
2063:
2056:
2049:
2042:
2034:
2009:
2002:
1995:
1988:
1981:
1974:
1967:
1961:Ignavusaurus
1959:
1952:
1945:
1938:
1918:
1911:
1891:
1884:
1877:
1870:
1865:Ignavusaurus
1863:
1856:
1849:
1821:Yimenosaurus
1819:
1814:Plateosaurus
1812:
1805:
1798:
1791:
1784:
1766:Xixiposaurus
1764:
1757:
1750:
1738:Plateosauria
1720:
1713:
1706:
1699:Unaysauridae
1686:
1679:
1672:
1665:
1658:
1651:
1644:
1610:
1602:
1594:
1587:
1580:
1572:
1564:
1544:
1537:
1530:
1525:Guaibasaurus
1523:
1516:
1509:
1502:
1388:
1379:
1285:
1281:
1271:
1252:
1248:
1235:
1224:. Retrieved
1220:the original
1215:
1192:. Retrieved
1182:
1171:. Retrieved
1167:the original
1143:. Retrieved
1115:. Retrieved
1111:the original
1082:(1): 75–98.
1079:
1075:
1069:
1008:
999:
991:
989:
984:
978:
971:
965:
960:
955:
953:
946:
942:
933:Paleobiology
926:
924:
920:nomen dubium
919:
915:
913:
808:
807:
791:
790:
764:
763:
740:
739:
718:Rapetosaurus
716:
715:
692:
691:
670:Malawisaurus
668:
667:
656:Lithostrotia
642:
641:
640:
624:
623:
597:
596:
572:Camarasaurus
570:
569:
543:
542:
521:Titanosauria
514:
498:
492:
487:
431:
429:
390:
389:
385:Camarasaurus
384:
380:
355:
321:
317:
316:(from Greek
312:
311:
310:
295:B. mcintoshi
294:
293:
292:
272:
271:
249:
233:
217:
201:
188:
175:
35:
29:
5708:Brontomerus
5702:Wikispecies
5678:Brontomerus
5557:Microcoelus
5465:Saltasaurus
5451:Paralititan
5347:Alamosaurus
5236:Udelartitan
5191:Patagotitan
5088:Bravasaurus
5081:Arrudatitan
5074:Aeolosaurus
5040:Overosaurus
4972:Jainosaurus
4950:Bonitasaura
4871:Paludititan
4762:Traukutitan
4457:Angolatitan
4264:Yunmenglong
4229:Qiaowanlong
4122:Sibirotitan
4087:Oceanotitan
4029:Europatitan
4008:Brontomerus
4001:Brohisaurus
3973:Angolatitan
3906:Galvesaurus
3878:Abydosaurus
3843:Ornithopsis
3836:Fusuisaurus
3822:Eucamerotus
3721:Daanosaurus
3706:Aragosaurus
3607:Supersaurus
3529:Apatosaurus
3492:Tharosaurus
3363:Nigersaurus
3314:Limaysaurus
3075:Ultrasaurus
2951:Turiasaurus
2914:Moabosaurus
2907:Mierasaurus
2876:Bellusaurus
2860:Turiasauria
2800:Qijianglong
2764:Hudiesaurus
2742:Datousaurus
2662:Cetiosaurus
2621:Shunosaurus
2565:Bellusaurus
2537:Algoasaurus
2523:Eusauropoda
2471:Sanpasaurus
2424:Gravisauria
2344:Pulanesaura
2329:Isanosaurus
2301:Amygdalodon
2167:Pulanesaura
2125:Irisosaurus
2111:Anchisaurus
2091:Anchisauria
2065:Xingxiulong
2011:Xingxiulong
2004:Sarahsaurus
1920:Riojasaurus
1886:Sarahsaurus
1872:Kholumolumo
1715:Macrocollum
1653:Asylosaurus
1589:Nhandumirim
1566:Buriolestes
1532:Mbiresaurus
1504:Buriolestes
1000:Brontomerus
992:Brontomerus
985:Brontomerus
973:Deinonychus
961:Brontomerus
956:Brontomerus
943:Brontomerus
927:Brontomerus
916:Brontomerus
810:Saltasaurus
742:Alamosaurus
643:Brontomerus
499:Brontomerus
488:Brontomerus
446:in eastern
432:Brontomerus
430:Fossils of
391:Brontomerus
381:Brontomerus
371:Description
313:Brontomerus
273:Brontomerus
36:Brontomerus
5778:Categories
5458:Rocasaurus
5385:Qunkasaura
5354:Baurutitan
5116:Shingopana
4943:Baalsaurus
4790:Volgatitan
4725:Rukwatitan
4689:Nullotitan
4675:Ninjatitan
4610:Kaijutitan
4581:Gandititan
4544:Daxiatitan
4507:Baurutitan
4450:Andesaurus
4341:see below↓
4036:Fukuititan
3980:Arkharavia
3935:Soriatitan
3885:Atlasaurus
3857:Rugocaudia
3815:Duriatitan
3751:Yuzhoulong
3699:Abrosaurus
3681:Macronaria
3668:Macronaria
3592:Kaatedocus
3585:Galeamopus
3578:Diplodocus
3564:Barosaurus
3471:Pilmatueia
3464:Lingwulong
3457:Kaatedocus
3377:Tataouinea
3289:Khebbashia
3264:Sidersaura
2994:Macronaria
2944:Tendaguria
2928:Oplosaurus
2892:Janenschia
2793:Omeisaurus
2669:Chebsaurus
2593:Janenschia
2507:Vulcanodon
2450:Kotasaurus
2401:Ledumahadi
2194:see below↓
2153:Meroktenos
1969:Leyesaurus
1858:Gyposaurus
1722:Unaysaurus
1681:Pantydraco
1646:Arcusaurus
1612:Saturnalia
1445:see below↓
1393:Dinosauria
1375:Sauropsida
1226:2011-02-22
1194:2011-02-22
1173:2011-02-22
1145:2011-02-22
1117:2011-02-22
1014:References
967:Utahraptor
948:Utahraptor
531:Macronaria
511:trichotomy
454:museum of
340:Cretaceous
243:Macronaria
195:Saurischia
182:Dinosauria
5421:Bonatitan
5303:Isisaurus
5109:Punatitan
4588:Hamititan
4566:Elaltitan
4515:Bonatitan
4236:Silutitan
4193:Gobititan
4179:Euhelopus
3921:Lusotitan
3614:Tornieria
3600:Leinkupal
3485:Suuwassea
3199:Agustinia
3047:Dinodocus
3040:Cardiodon
2771:Jingiella
2720:Anhuilong
2283:Sauropoda
2270:Sauropoda
2185:Sauropoda
2160:Mussaurus
2118:Camelotia
1997:Pradhania
1837:Massopoda
1604:Panphagia
1546:Panphagia
1361:Kingdom:
1304:0024-4082
1216:Sify news
766:Isisaurus
626:Euhelopus
516:Euhelopus
493:Based on
452:Sam Noble
418:Discovery
227:Sauropoda
155:Kingdom:
149:Eukaryota
5687:Wikidata
5429:Ibirania
5095:Caieiria
4905:Inawentu
4108:Ruixinia
3949:Vouivria
3808:Astrodon
3061:Neosodon
2551:Bagualia
2394:Ingentia
2104:Aardonyx
2051:Qianlong
1879:Musankwa
1851:Gryponyx
1759:Ruehleia
1674:Nambalia
1667:Efraasia
1574:Eoraptor
1511:Eoraptor
1369:Chordata
1367:Phylum:
1363:Animalia
918:to be a
519:and the
336:sauropod
287:Species
169:Chordata
165:Phylum:
159:Animalia
145:Domain:
5748:7657727
5735:1471228
5722:8510322
5693:Q133171
4465:Arackar
2869:Amanzia
2713:Analong
2600:Jobaria
2058:Seitaad
1373:Class:
1004:giraffe
545:Jobaria
509:, in a
505:within
442:of the
404:scapula
326:dubious
265:Genus:
5761:178321
4994:Vahiny
4755:Tiamat
4172:Erketu
1990:Ngwevu
1302:
436:quarry
348:Albian
344:Aptian
318:bronte
5730:IRMNG
1389:Clade
1380:Clade
1245:(PDF)
513:with
396:ilium
360:taxon
329:genus
322:merós
250:Clade
234:Clade
218:Clade
202:Clade
189:Clade
176:Clade
5717:GBIF
5296:Igai
1800:Issi
1422:see
1300:ISSN
970:and
448:Utah
352:2011
301:type
280:2011
52:PreꞒ
2958:Zby
1290:doi
1286:168
1257:doi
1253:166
1084:doi
346:or
331:of
5780::
5758::
5745::
5732::
5719::
5704::
5689::
1391::
1382::
1298:.
1284:.
1280:.
1251:.
1247:.
1214:.
1203:^
1154:^
1126:^
1098:^
1080:56
1078:.
1074:.
1038:^
1006:.
976:.
466:,
252::
236::
220::
204::
191::
178::
102:Pg
44:,
5567:?
5552:?
5509:?
5439:?
5424:?
5416:?
5395:?
5380:?
5365:?
5357:?
5342:?
5321:?
5306:?
5274:?
5266:?
5172:?
5157:?
5028:?
4989:?
4967:?
4807:?
4750:?
4742:?
4699:?
4649:?
4634:?
4605:?
4576:?
4561:?
4518:?
4510:?
4460:?
4445:?
4319:?
4217:?
4167:?
4159:?
4075:?
4053:?
3909:?
3860:?
3746:?
3731:?
3716:?
3595:?
3539:?
3524:?
3452:?
3324:?
3252:?
3230:?
2939:?
2931:?
2895:?
2887:?
2879:?
2781:?
2745:?
2730:?
2695:?
2687:?
2679:?
2482:?
2474:?
2445:?
2369:?
2347:?
2339:?
2068:?
2039:?
2014:?
1964:?
1607:?
1599:?
1577:?
1569:?
1337:e
1330:t
1323:v
1306:.
1292::
1265:.
1259::
1229:.
1197:.
1176:.
1148:.
1120:.
1092:.
1086::
1068:"
342:(
303:)
269:†
256:†
240:†
224:†
208:†
107:N
97:K
92:J
87:T
82:P
77:C
72:D
67:S
62:O
57:Ꞓ
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
