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and Roma, their registration and obligatory assignment of ID cards). Accusations of
Papusza and Ficowski as supporters, even unintentional of the forced settlement of Roma are even now not uncommon, although the law imposing a ban on wandering was not introduced until 1964. Similar legislation began
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for "a return home"), a theme common in Romani poetry. Although Roma used this to describe the yearning to return to the open road, Ficowski saw this as
Papusza yearning to be settled down, to no longer be nomadic. He translated and published several of her poems in a magazine called
206:. Although the poem made Papusza known for the first time among the Polish audience, the interview and, above all, the Romani-Polish minidictionary attached to it, caused a negative turn in the poet's life, as she was accused of revealing the secrets of her native culture to the
210:. Her activities were associated by some Roma with the simultaneous moves of the Polish communist government that found its culmination in September 1952 (known variously as 'Action C', or "The Great Halt", which aimed at creating the first census of the Polish
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of that time. She learned to read by trading chickens in exchange for lessons with local villagers. This was frowned upon and whenever she was found reading she was beaten and the book destroyed. She was married in a traditional ceremony at 15 to a revered
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named
Dionizy Wajs, who was 24 years her senior. She was very unhappy with the marriage and took to singing as an outlet for her frustrations, with her husband often accompanying her on harp. Soon after learning to sing she began to compose her own
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She published poems frequently from the late 1940s to the mid-'50s, when she was removed from Roma life, first in Polish literary magazines and then in books of her own. She published again for a short time in the late '60s.
258:. She died in 1987 and was buried in St. Joseph's cemetery. Ficowski remained her major admirer and eulogist, popularising her legacy and unique place in Polish and Romani culture throughout his later life.
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Most of
Papusza's work involved traditional Roma formats along with some unusual aspects such as writing in singular form. Most of her work dealt with nostalgia, longing, and (especially) feeling lost.
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follows the life of
Marienka Novotna, nicknamed "Zoli", a fictional Slovak Romani woman. Her life is loosely based on that of Bronisława Wajs: Zoli explores the persecution of the Roma faced during
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and then the next 34 years of her life alone and isolated. In 1981 she moved in with her sister's family in
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was directed by Maja Wójcik and
Ryszard Wójcik. It presents the customs and life of the
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Romani theater "Romance" in
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and songs based on traditional Romani story-telling and songwriting.
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in
Western Poland. That same year, she was heard by the Polish poet
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507:"Papusza – wyklęta przez bliskich - Historia - polskieradio.pl"
227:(1962). Papusza herself settled in the western Polish city of
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Bronisława Wajs grew up nomadically with her family in
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about the life and literary legacy of Bronisława Wajs.
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The Roma community soon began to regard
Papusza as a
586:. New York City: Vintage Departures. pp. 3–9.
164:or band of families. She was literate, unusual for
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481:"Dziewczyna, która "zdradziła tajemnice Cyganów""
19:"Papusza" redirects here. For the 2013 film, see
584:Bury Me Standing: The Gypsies and Their Journey
215:to spring up in neighboring countries such as
386:In 2013, Andżelika Kuźniak published a book,
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441:, a novel loosely based on the life of Wajs
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371:was released in 2013. It was directed by
202:along with an interview with Polish poet
16:Polish-Romani poet and singer (1908–1987)
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181:In 1949 Papusza's kumpania settled in
364:A Polish film about her life, titled
308:In 1974, a documentary film entitled
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401:Biography with quotes from Ficowski
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333:There is a monument to Papusza in
289:"...the water does not look behind
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670:20th-century Polish women writers
665:20th-century Polish women singers
420:with links, quotes and literature
273:Memorial statue of Bronisława in
625:People from Lublin Governorate
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293:Where eyes will not see her,
487:(in Polish). 26 October 2022
538:"Papusza (Bronisława Wajs)"
353:, as well as the impact of
291:It flees, runs farther away
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660:20th-century Polish poets
655:Romani genocide survivors
148:classic poet and singer.
132:), commonly known by her
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406:6 February 2012 at the
325:Jan Kanty Pawluśkiewicz
295:the water wanders..."
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418:FemBiography (German)
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620:Writers from Lublin
335:Gorzów Wielkopolski
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128:– 8 February 1987,
635:Polish women poets
383:in the title role.
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64:Lublin Governorate
460:"Bronisława Wajs"
373:Joanna Kos-Krauze
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93:Poet, singer
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166:Polska Roma
98:Nationality
604:Categories
446:References
379:and stars
130:Inowrocław
90:Occupation
83:Inowrocław
53:1908-08-17
560:"PAPUSZA"
355:socialism
162:kumpania,
140:(meaning
582:(1995).
566:21 March
544:21 March
431:See also
404:Archived
388:Papusza,
221:Bulgaria
219:(1958),
200:Problemy
191:"Nostos"
85:, Poland
424:Papusza
367:Papusza
310:Papusza
244:traitor
225:Romania
176:ballads
171:harpist
138:Papusza
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517:6 June
491:6 June
303:Legacy
256:Kujawy
248:gadjos
208:gadjos
158:Poland
146:Romani
134:Romani
126:Lublin
112:Period
106:Romani
102:Polish
60:Lublin
281:Works
212:Sinti
195:Greek
183:Żagań
136:name
588:ISBN
568:2022
546:2022
519:2023
493:2023
438:Zoli
375:and
342:Zoli
152:Life
142:Doll
73:Died
47:Born
357:on
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