2548:
623:
58:
799:
649:, which probably used Mark as its source, gives the same names in different order, James, Joseph, Simon and Judas. "Joseph" is simply the longer form of "Joses", and so it appears that James was the eldest and Joses/Joseph the next, but as Matthew has reversed the order of the last two it is uncertain who was the youngest. Unnamed sisters are mentioned in Mark 6:3 and Matthew 13:56 and may be implied in Mark 3:35 and
5976:
401:
389:
2267:
2523:
this statement has been used to reason that after the death of Jesus there were no other biological children to look after Mary, and she had to be entrusted to the disciple. Constantine
Zalalas argues it would have been against Jewish custom for Jesus to give his mother to the care of the disciple if
2331:
and his three brothers (Joses, Simeon, Judah) and two sisters (a Salome and a Mary or a Salome and an Anna) with James being the elder sibling. James and his siblings were not children of Mary but were Joseph's children from a previous marriage. Joseph's first wife died; many years later, at the age
1963:
Jerome's argument produces the unlikely result of two sisters both named Mary. A modern variant eliminates this by identifying Clopas as the brother of Joseph, thereby making the two Marys sisters-in-law; in this version Jesus' cousin Simon is identified with Symeon the second leader of the church
3555:
The testimony of Papias is frequently quoted at the head of the patristic authorities, as favouring the view of Jerome… It is strange that able and intelligent critics should not have seen through a fabrication which is so manifestly spurious… he passage was written by a mediaeval namesake of the
2459:
were Jesus' cousins, while
Eastern Orthodox Church, following Eusebius and Epiphanius, argue they were Joseph's children from a previous marriage. Lutherans have accepted both views as being valid explanations of the doctrine of the perpetual virginity of Mary, while Anglicans and Methodists concur
743:
Paul records in 1 Corinthians that the other brothers of Jesus (that is, other than James, who is portrayed as rooted in
Jerusalem) travelled as evangelists, and that they were married ("Do we not have the right to be accompanied by a believing wife, as do the other apostles and the brothers of the
727:
Paul tells how he went to
Jerusalem a few years after his conversion and met Cephas (Peter) but no other apostles, only "James, the brother of the Lord"; Paul's Greek leaves it unclear whether he includes, or does not include, James among the apostles. He goes on to describe a second visit fourteen
777:
identifies its author as "Jude...the brother of James", but today there is widespread, although not unanimous, support for the view that it was composed in the early part of the 2nd century by an unknown author borrowing the name of the brother of Jesus. Hegesippus mentions a Simon or Simeon (the
2283:
From the 2nd century onward the developing emphasis on ascetism and celibacy as the superior form of
Christian practice, together with an emphasis on the chastity of Mary, led to the idea that she had been a virgin not only before, but during and after, the birth of Christ. There is no direct
1685:, who argued that not only Mary, but Joseph too, had been a life-long virgin. Apparently voicing the general opinion of the Church, he held that the "brothers of Jesus" were the sons of Mary the "mother of James and Joses" mentioned in Mark 15:40, whom he identified with the wife of
772:
introduces himself as "James, a servant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ". He does not identify himself as the brother of Jesus or an apostle or a leader of the church in any way, but one recent study characterises this letter as "the most Jewish text in the New
Testament". The
3675:
I believe that He was made man, joining the human nature with the divine in one person; being conceived by the singular operation of the Holy Ghost, and born of the blessed Virgin Mary, who, as well after as before she brought Him forth, continued a pure and unspotted
2524:
Mary had other living sons, because the eldest son would always take responsibility for his mother. Karl
Keating says, "It is hard to imagine why Jesus would have disregarded family ties and made this provision for his Mother if these four were also her sons".
2503:
argues Mary and Joseph rushed without hesitation straight back to
Jerusalem when they realized Jesus was lost, which they would surely have thought twice about doing if there were other children (Jesus' blood brothers or sisters) to look after.
2349:, probably written in Egypt in the 5th century and heavily indebted to the Protoevangelium of James, depicts Joseph as an old widower with children from a previous marriage, thus clarifying the New Testament references to Jesus' brothers.
825:), the Epiphanian (after Epiphanius of Salamis, 315-403), and the Hieronymian (after Jerome, 349-419/20). A fourth position, not mentioned by Lightfoot, is that the adelphoi were full-blooded brothers and sisters of Jesus.
752:
left a list of 12 bishops of the early church, of whom two, Joseph/Joses and Jude, may be the brothers of Jesus. The number of sisters and their names are not specified in the New
Testament, but the apocryphal 3rd century
2299:("opponents of Mary") maintained that, when Joseph became Mary's husband, he was a widower with six children, and he had normal marital relations with Mary, but they later held Jesus was not born of these relations.
728:
years later when he met the "pillars of the Church", James and Peter and John; James is mentioned first and seems to be the primary leader among these three. In chapter 2 he describes how he and Peter were later in
684:
with the Eleven (i.e., the remaining disciples after the betrayal by Judas
Iscariot): "These all (the Eleven) were persevering in prayer along with the women, with Mary the mother of Jesus, and with his brothers."
572:, meaning cousin, nephew, niece, and this word is never used to describe James and the other siblings of Jesus. The word "anepsios" is only employed once in the entire New Testament, being used in Paul's Epistle
1525:, the “brothers” and “sisters” mentioned in the New Testament are sons of Joseph from a previous marriage, and hence stepbrothers of Jesus; this is still the official position of the Eastern Orthodox churches.
781:
Of the "brothers," however, no direct relationship to Mary or Joseph is ever indicated. Only Jesus is referred to as "son of Mary," "the son of Mary," or "son of Joseph." Only Jesus is the subject of the
818:
identified three possible positions on the relationship to Jesus of those called his brothers and sisters by reference to their 4th century advocates, namely the Helvidian (after Helvidius, who wrote
783:
4402:
3655:
I firmly believe that , according to the words of the gospel as a pure Virgin brought forth for us the Son of God and in childbirth and after childbirth forever remained a pure, intact Virgin
564:
sometimes means more than a blood brother, e.g., Gen 29:12; Rom 9:3 (kinsman); Matt 5:22–3 (neighbor); Mark 6:17–8 (step-brother). In such instances the context must determine the meaning.
2499:
is of the belief Luke sought to minimise the importance of Jesus' family by whatever means possible, editing James and Jesus' brothers out of the Gospel record. The Catholic apologist
2303:
was a bishop who in the late 4th century held Mary had other children after Jesus, for which the other bishops of his province condemned him. Important orthodox theologians such as
2288:; this depicts Mary as a life-long virgin, Joseph as an old man who marries her without physical desire, and the brothers of Jesus as Joseph's sons by an earlier marriage.
857:
were half siblings of Jesus born to Mary and Joseph after the firstborn Jesus. This is the most common Protestant position. The following hypothetical family tree is from
3388:
2531:
also says the command "Behold your son!" was the entrustment of the disciple to Mary in order to fill the maternal gap left by the death of her only son on the cross.
2535:
points out difficulties in this interpretation of the text: it ignores both the fact that Jesus' brothers opposed his claims, and the position of honour of John, the
5561:
246:
432:
680:
despite being aware that his life would be in danger, and they are absent from his burial, which should have been their responsibility, but they do appear in
560:), from a- ('same') and delphys ('womb'), may mean physical brothers, physical brothers and sisters, figurative brothers, or figurative brothers and sisters.
57:
6040:
5556:
5551:
778:
names are equivalent) who became leader of the Jerusalem church after the death of James, but makes this Simon a son of Clopas, the brother of Joseph.
5661:
2332:
of eighty, "he took Mary (mother of Jesus)". According to Epiphanius the Scriptures call them "brothers of the Lord" to confound their opponents.
5232:
241:
5609:
5087:
4435:
4412:
4391:
4370:
4305:
4284:
3894:
3873:
3851:
3365:
715:, reported by Eusebius, he was chosen as bishop of Jerusalem, and from the time when Peter left Jerusalem after Herod's attempt to kill him (
2471:
as Jesus' half-brothers or do not specify, since the accounts in the Gospels do not speak of Mary's relationship to them but only to Jesus.
6015:
5589:
5333:
3698:
3601:
3783:
Baptists do not find a scriptural basis for Catholic beliefs about her perpetual virginity, immaculate conception, and bodily assumption.
3616:
26:"Adelphoi," the Greek word for "siblings" or specifically "brothers," redirects here. For siblings, including brothers, in general, see
2295:
had become well established, but the unequivocal scriptural references to the brethren of Jesus raised obvious problems. The heretical
736:, until "certain people from James" came and Peter withdrew, "fearing those who belong to the circumcision." The 1st century historian
6020:
5914:
5158:
4872:
4851:
4637:
4135:
6005:
5110:
5063:
5042:
5021:
4998:
4977:
4956:
4935:
4914:
4893:
4830:
4807:
4786:
4763:
4742:
4721:
4700:
4679:
4658:
4616:
4595:
4572:
4542:
4521:
4500:
4479:
4458:
4349:
4328:
4263:
4240:
4219:
4198:
4177:
4156:
4114:
4076:
4055:
4032:
4011:
3914:
3776:
3745:
3447:
3413:
2737:
2703:
425:
221:
4711:
5790:
5748:
5689:
3950:
2345:
6025:
5761:
5584:
5425:
711:(died 339) says that he spent so much of his life in prayer that his knees became "like the knees of a camel." According to
6045:
5850:
5467:
5328:
3534:
2512:
548:
have accepted both option 2 and option 3 as being valid explanations for the doctrine of the perpetual virginity of Mary.
236:
96:
283:
5956:
5718:
5257:
418:
226:
41:
3568:
6035:
5203:
2532:
2292:
529:
2570:), in his "Genealogy of the Holy Gospels", referred to "relatives of our Lord according to the flesh" whom he called
6000:
5701:
5604:
5534:
5295:
5225:
3717:
proclaimed "that she was pure before the birth, during the birth, and after the birth, a humble maiden," while the
2575:
2455:, teaches the perpetual virginity of the Virgin Mary too. The Catholic Church, following Jerome, conclude that the
696:
646:
3713:, which solicited, "What do you believe regarding Our Lady? Both catechisms spoke of her perpetual virginity. The
5733:
5636:
4091:
2536:
573:
166:
2547:
689:
6030:
5783:
5656:
5457:
5395:
2403:
2328:
2285:
758:
695:
lists a "James" among those to whom the risen Christ had appeared, and most scholars agree that this refers to
20:
19:
This article is about the persons described as Jesus' brothers. For the Catholic religious congregation, see
6010:
5711:
5350:
3942:
2560:
2376:
2372:
2242:
1948:
1661:
1651:
1150:
1136:
700:
677:
642:
names James, Joses, Judas (conventionally known in English as Jude) and Simon as the brothers of Jesus, and
541:
498:
490:
362:
300:
290:
639:
596:, the Greek translation of the Old Testament, never translates either expression as "brother" or "sister".
5951:
5878:
5544:
5313:
5195:
3118:
2247:
2083:
1953:
1810:
1666:
1531:
1161:
967:
807:
502:
111:
532:
reject the idea of biological brethren and maintain that the brothers and sisters were either cousins of
5833:
5766:
5671:
5651:
5646:
5486:
5400:
5290:
5218:
2480:
2388:
2316:
2312:
1514:
834:
712:
533:
514:
467:
357:
312:
295:
79:
4404:
The Apocryphal New Testament: A collection of apocryphal Christian literature in an English translation
5800:
5795:
5571:
5462:
5323:
5073:
3795:
3768:
3762:
2817:
2744:
The Lutherans accepted the perpetual virginity of Mary, while rejecting the invocation of the saints.
2516:
2484:
2413:
2360:
2308:
1964:
in Jerusalem. The following family tree is from Richard Bauckham, "Jude and the Relatives of James":
1522:
862:
720:
708:
352:
2488:
2406:, which was probably written in the seventh century, states the brothers of Jesus were his cousins.
622:
5771:
5442:
5361:
5357:
5267:
1168:
803:
481:
405:
201:
106:
49:
3638:
656:
The gospels indicate a rift between Jesus and his brothers in the early part of his ministry (see
5961:
5946:
5941:
5828:
5807:
5628:
5618:
5491:
5435:
5415:
5175:
3382:
3331:
2801:
2452:
2428:
2304:
2300:
1984:
787:
3721:
declared that "she was a pure, chaste, and spotless Virgin before, during, and after the birth."
837:
and accepts his brothers and sisters as precisely that. Main proponents of this belief were the
4819:"Development of the Doctrine of Mary's Perpetual Virginity in Antiquity (2nd-7th Centuries AD)"
4102:
866:
5909:
5728:
5594:
5514:
5405:
5390:
5385:
5345:
5300:
5285:
5140:
5106:
5083:
5077:
5059:
5038:
5017:
5009:
4994:
4973:
4967:
4952:
4946:
4931:
4910:
4904:
4889:
4868:
4862:
4847:
4826:
4818:
4803:
4797:
4782:
4759:
4738:
4717:
4696:
4675:
4669:
4654:
4633:
4627:
4612:
4591:
4583:
4568:
4538:
4532:
4517:
4511:
4496:
4475:
4454:
4446:
4431:
4423:
4408:
4387:
4366:
4345:
4339:
4324:
4316:
4301:
4280:
4259:
4251:
4236:
4230:
4215:
4194:
4188:
4173:
4152:
4131:
4125:
4110:
4072:
4051:
4028:
4022:
4007:
3999:
3910:
3890:
3869:
3847:
3772:
3741:
3694:
3622:
3597:
3591:
3443:
3437:
3409:
3403:
3361:
2733:
2519:), then states "from that hour the disciple took her unto his own home". Since the era of the
2296:
1693:
continues to teach that the adelphoi were cousins of Jesus. The following family tree is from
510:
342:
271:
171:
5098:
5032:
4988:
4883:
4774:
4753:
4732:
4606:
4469:
4381:
4360:
4274:
4209:
4146:
4043:
2809:
2284:
biblical basis for this idea, which in its earliest assertion appears in the mid-2nd century
5599:
5579:
5420:
5410:
5378:
5373:
5338:
5318:
5252:
5167:
5053:
4690:
4648:
4490:
4066:
3530:
3355:
2432:
2396:
2380:
2357:
1694:
842:
769:
754:
367:
322:
276:
116:
86:
4588:
The New Westminster Dictionary of Church History: The early, medieval, and Reformation eras
2479:
There are some events in scripture where brothers or sisters of Jesus are not shown, e.g.,
5924:
5887:
5474:
5452:
5307:
3954:
2590:
2496:
2340:
the brethren of Jesus were sons of Joseph by a former wife, whom he married before Mary".
2337:
1690:
815:
774:
762:
745:
577:
537:
146:
3504:
2805:
611:), which, even in classical Latin, can also mean "maternal cousin" or "paternal cousin".
584:
had a word for "cousin", both customarily spoke of a cousin as a "son of an uncle" (Heb.
4909:. Vol. 2. The Letter of Jude: Expecting for the Mercy. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
3764:
Celebrating a Century of Ecumenism: Exploring the Achievements of International Dialogue
798:
5979:
5919:
5778:
5679:
5539:
5529:
5524:
5519:
2578:
2520:
2508:
2368:
2364:
2272:
2224:
2110:
1938:
1823:
1488:
998:
724:
704:
673:
522:
506:
456:
393:
101:
3709:
posed, "What do you believe about the Virgin Mary?" It parallesls questions 68 of the
2619:, from a- ("same", equivalent to homo-) and delphys ("womb," equivalent to splanchna).
740:
tells how he was martyred by the Jews in 62 CE on charges of breaking the Jewish Law.
525:
and sister of Mary, the mother of Jesus; or (3) sons of Joseph by a former marriage.
5994:
5738:
5723:
5501:
5479:
5447:
5272:
5179:
2596:
2492:
2424:
665:
661:
650:
486:
3947:
3865:
Arthur B. Calkins, "Our Lady's Perpetual Virginity," in Mark Miravalle, ed. (2008),
3405:
The Panarion of Epiphanius of Salamis : Books II and III (Sects 47–80, De Fide)
5861:
5839:
5812:
5684:
5641:
5280:
3354:
College, St. Epiphanius of Cyprus; translated by Young Richard Kim, Calvin (2014).
2528:
2500:
2409:
2324:
2090:
1803:
1538:
974:
692:
518:
176:
2515:, i.e., the pair of commands "Woman, behold your son!" and "Behold, thy mother!" (
719:) he appears as the principal authority in the Jerusalem church, presiding at the
4925:
4841:
4562:
4295:
4167:
3841:
3668:
5845:
5706:
5696:
5430:
2436:
2421:
545:
91:
2574:, meaning "from the Lord's family". Of these individuals, only the 2nd century
1513:
The Epiphanian view, named after its main proponent, the fourth-century bishop
5866:
5366:
5144:
3843:
Catholicism and Fundamentalism: The Attack on "Romanism" by "Bible Christians"
3542:
3474:
2448:
2417:
1715:
643:
593:
231:
141:
4087:
3867:
Mariology: A Guide for Priests, Deacons, Seminarians, and Consecrated Persons
703:(c.110 – 180 AD) reports that James the brother of Jesus came to be known as
5931:
5154:"Helvidius, Jovinian, and the Virginity of Mary in Late Fourth-Century Rome"
5132:
3576:
2440:
838:
681:
400:
372:
196:
136:
3645:(in German), vol. 1, ZĂĽrich: C. A. Schwetschke & Sohn, p. 385
2464:
749:
737:
5171:
2315:(c. 310/320–403) defended the perpetual virginity of Mary. Eusebius and
672::19-21), and they never appear among his followers during his lifetime.
5872:
5756:
3360:. Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press. p. 144.
2552:
1722:
732:
and in the habit of dining with gentile Christians in breach of Jewish
729:
716:
600:
581:
317:
31:
27:
3808:
So James, according to this view, would be Jesus' younger half-brother
608:
5936:
5892:
5509:
5128:
2333:
2103:
1830:
1689:
and sister of Mary, the mother of Jesus mentioned in John 19:25. The
1686:
1682:
1518:
991:
669:
657:
636:
472:
347:
5153:
4127:
An Introduction to the New Testament: History, Literature, Theology
5241:
2935:
2933:
2546:
2384:
2265:
2233:
2209:
1943:
1931:
1656:
1640:
1145:
1131:
797:
733:
621:
494:
74:
2323:
were Joseph's children from a previous marriage. Epiphanius adds
4608:
Jesus Christ Our Lord: Christology from a Disciple's Perspective
3073:
Trenta domande (e Trenta Risposte) su Maria e la Nascita Di GesĂą
2525:
2392:
2277:
630:
540:) or children of Joseph from a previous marriage (option 3, the
5214:
3641:, in Egli, Emil; Finsler, Georg; Zwingli-Verein, Georg (eds.),
2495:
when Jesus was 12 years old but does not mention any siblings.
2266:
845:
sect, who rejected both the incarnation and divinity of Jesus.
5133:"The Perpetual Virginity of Blessed Mary – Against Helvidius"
4534:
Lord Jesus Christ: Devotion to Jesus in Earliest Christianity
460:
4513:
The New Testament: A Historical and Theological Introduction
4107:
An Introductory Dictionary of Theology and Religious Studies
3556:
Bishop of Hierapolis, Papias… who lived in the 11th century.
5139:, Translated by W.H. Fremantle, G. Lewis and W.G. Martley,
4211:
The Brother of Jesus and the Lost Teachings of Christianity
3731:
3729:
1681:
The Hieronymian view was put forward in the 4th century by
4864:
The Temple in Early Christianity: Experiencing the Sacred
4799:
Just James: The Brother of Jesus in History and Tradition
3204:
3202:
3200:
2704:"What are We to Make of the Perpetual Virginity of Mary?"
5210:
4969:
Tragedy and Civilization: An Interpretation of Sophocles
4775:"Who was James? Footprints as a Means of Identification"
3590:
Kennedy, Jon; Schroedel, Jenny; Schroedel, John (2010),
3442:(Second, revised ed.). Leiden : Brill. p. 36.
3085:
3083:
3081:
2920:
2918:
2916:
2879:
2877:
2864:
2862:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2551:
Eusebius of Caesarea, medieval Armenian manuscript from
4250:
Cross, Frank Leslie; Livingstone, Elizabeth A. (2005).
4024:
Gospel Women: Studies of the Named Women in the Gospels
2670:
2668:
5143:: Christian Literature Publishing Co. (retrieved from
2643:
2641:
5137:
Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Second Series, Vol. 6
5135:, in Philip Schaff; Henry Wace; Kevin Knight (eds.),
4906:
A Structural Commentary on the So-Called Antilegomena
3100:
3098:
556:
According to context, the Greek plural noun ἀδελφοί (
4779:
The Brother of Jesus: James the Just and His Mission
4105:. In EspĂn, Orlando O.; Nickoloff, James B. (eds.).
2491:
reports the visit of Mary, Joseph, and Jesus to the
5902:
5821:
5747:
5670:
5627:
5570:
5500:
5266:
5101:. In Levine, Amy-Jill; Robbins, Maria Mayo (eds.).
4068:
Jude and the Relatives of Jesus in the Early Church
4002:. In Freedman, David Noel; Myers, Allen C. (eds.).
849:
Half-brothers and sisters of Jesus (Helvidian view)
4428:The Routledge Encyclopedia of the Historical Jesus
3980:
2784:
2387:. Papias identifies this "Mary" as the sister of
5079:The Gospel of Mark: A Socio-rhetorical Commentary
2730:Disputatiuncula de Taedio, Pavore, Tristicia Iesu
2416:maintain that Mary was a perpetual virgin; early
2352:According to the surviving fragments of the work
1517:, and championed by the third century theologian
5034:Gender and Purity in the Protevangelium of James
5012:. In Scorgie, Glen G.; Strauss, Mark L. (eds.).
4362:Jesus: Apocalyptic Prophet of the New Millennium
3179:
2939:
2686:
2659:
4586:. In Benedetto, Robert; Duke, James O. (eds.).
4564:Mary of Nazareth: History, Archaeology, Legends
16:Biblical figures described as brothers of Jesus
5562:Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament
5010:"Current Issues in the Gender-Language Debate"
4903:Rosik, Mariusz; Wojciechowska, Kalina (2021).
4383:The Apocryphal Gospels: Texts and Translations
3946:, weekly ed. in English, 30 April 1997, p. 11
3736:Longenecker, Dwight; Gustafson, David (2003).
5226:
4713:Jerome: His Life, Writings, and Controversies
4276:The Jewish Teachers of Jesus, James, and Jude
4256:The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church
4169:The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
4148:Historical Dictionary of Radical Christianity
3639:"Eini Predigt von der ewig reinen Magd Maria"
2723:
2721:
2697:
2695:
426:
8:
4777:. In Chilton, Bruce; Neusner, Jacob (eds.).
4321:The Blackwell Companion to the New Testament
3387:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3143:
2732:. University of Toronto Press. p. 187.
2463:Other Christian denominations, such as some
5052:Wassen, Cecilia; Hägerland, Tobias (2021).
4987:Shanks, Hershel; Witherington, Ben (2003).
4882:Reid, Barbara E.; Matthews, Shelly (2021).
3667:Wesley, John (1812), Benson, Joseph (ed.),
3618:Martin Luther on Mary's Perpetual Virginity
3490:
3468:
3466:
485: "of the same womb") are named in the
5557:New Testament places associated with Jesus
5552:Historical background of the New Testament
5233:
5219:
5211:
3835:
3833:
2593:(also called the Protoevangelium of James)
676:has Jesus' brothers advising him to go to
433:
419:
36:
4821:. In Curta, Florin; Holt, Andrew (eds.).
3691:The Anabaptists and Contemporary Baptists
3257:
2895:
5884:Jacob (paternal grandfather per Matthew)
4650:An Introduction to the Catholic Epistles
4554:A Brief Commentary on the Gospel of Mark
3317:
3305:
3245:
3233:
3208:
3059:
3023:
3011:
2999:
2841:
2829:
2674:
2399:dismissed Papias' evidence as spurious.
2291:By the 3rd century, the doctrine of the
829:Full blood-brothers and sisters of Jesus
4294:deSilva, David A. (18 September 2018).
4103:"Virginity of Mary (Biblical Theology)"
3281:
3089:
3075:, Milano, Vita e Pensiero, 2007, p. 31.
3035:
2951:
2907:
2868:
2853:
2772:
2755:
2706:. Shepherd of the Hills Lutheran Church
2637:
2608:
2336:(184–254) also wrote "according to the
1509:Stepbrothers of Jesus (Epiphanian view)
505:, and unnamed sisters are mentioned in
48:
4924:Rousseau, John J.; Arav, Rami (1995).
4802:. University of South Carolina Press.
3767:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p.
3436:Williams, translated by Frank (2013).
3402:Williams, translated by Frank (1994).
3380:
3333:Against Beron and Helix: Fragment VIII
3293:
3047:
2975:
2963:
2924:
2883:
761:, who appears in the late 2nd century
748::5). The 3rd century Apostolic Father
513:. They may have been: (1) the sons of
4755:The Synoptic Gospels: An Introduction
4671:A Short History of Christian Doctrine
3509:Exposition of the Sayings of the Lord
3439:The Panarion of Epiphanius of Salamis
3269:
3167:
2647:
2354:Exposition of the Sayings of the Lord
2246:
2241:
2232:
2223:
2221:
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2217:
2215:
2213:
2208:
2176:
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1697:, "Jude and the Relatives of James":
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880:
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876:
874:
7:
5202:, Augsberg Fortress (retrieved from
4710:Kelly, John Norman Dividson (1975).
4380:Ehrman, Bart; Plese, Zlatko (2011).
4232:Historical Dictionary of Catholicism
4190:An Introduction to the New Testament
3740:. Gracewing Publishing. p. 64.
3191:
3155:
3104:
2987:
2367:or Alphaeus" would be the mother of
660::31-35 and the parallel passages in
5194:John J Rousseau, Rami Arav (1995),
4096:, vol. 2, New York: New advent
3693:. B&H Publishing. p. 130.
3408:. Leiden: E.J. Brill. p. 607.
2447:(A Christian Catechism), issued by
1677:Cousins of Jesus (Hieronymian view)
853:The view of Helvidius was that the
6041:Life of Jesus in the New Testament
5875:(traditional maternal grandfather)
5869:(traditional maternal grandmother)
5159:Journal of Early Christian Studies
5014:The Challenge of Bible Translation
4823:Great Events in Religion: Volume I
3643:Huldreich Zwinglis sämtliche Werke
2581:is historically attested by name.
2395:of Jesus. The Anglican theologian
2276:in an 11th-century depiction from
784:Old Testament messianic prophecies
14:
5103:A Feminist Companion to Mariology
3761:Radano, John A. (30 April 2012).
3670:The Works of the Rev. John Wesley
2481:when Jesus was lost in the Temple
222:Split of Christianity and Judaism
5975:
5974:
5152:Hunter, David G. (Spring 1993).
5097:Zervos, George Thelemis (2005).
4972:. University of Oklahoma Press.
4752:Nickle, Keith Fullerton (2001).
4004:Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible
3970:, London: MacMillan, p. 248
3929:Holy Theotokos: Apologetic Study
765:, is arguably the other sister.
399:
387:
56:
5881:(paternal grandfather per Luke)
4781:. Westminster John Knox Press.
4758:. Westminster John Knox Press.
4590:. Westminster John Knox Press.
4130:. Westminster John Knox Press.
4046:. In Quarles, Charles L (ed.).
3968:The Gospel According to St Mark
3846:, Ignatius Press, p. 284,
2702:Futrell, Rich (27 April 2013).
2346:History of Joseph the Carpenter
653:, but their number is unknown.
536:(option 2, the position of the
5585:Quest for the historical Jesus
4843:An Introduction to The Gospels
4447:"The Protoevangelium of James"
4300:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing.
4166:Bromiley, Geoffrey W. (1995).
3981:Rosik & Wojciechowska 2021
3117:Rousseau, John J; Arav, Rami.
2785:Shanks & Witherington 2003
2559:The early Christian historian
2435:, also held this view, as did
2363:, who lived circa 70–163 AD, "
1:
5055:Jesus the Apocalyptic Prophet
4945:Schreiner, Thomas R. (2011).
4401:Elliott, James Keith (2005).
4229:Collinge, William J. (2012).
4145:Brackney, William H. (2012).
4101:Boisclair, Regina A. (2007).
2564:
2513:sayings of Jesus on the cross
819:
4341:The Gospel According to Mark
4086:Bethel, Florentine (1907) ,
4050:. B&H Publishing Group.
4044:"The Names on the Ossuaries"
3798:, "Jesus' Extended Family",
3689:Yarnell, Malcolm B. (2013).
3180:Cross & Livingstone 2005
2940:Cross & Livingstone 2005
2728:Erasmus, Desiderius (1998).
2687:Cross & Livingstone 2005
2660:Cross & Livingstone 2005
2543:Descendants of Jesus' family
2262:Development of the tradition
744:Lord and Cephas (Peter)?" -
699:. The 2nd century historian
603:renders with the Latin word
473:
6016:Bible-related controversies
4885:Wisdom Commentary: Luke 1–9
4584:"Marriage, early Christian"
4471:James Through the Centuries
4386:. Oxford University Press.
4365:. Oxford University Press.
4319:. In Aune, David E. (ed.).
4297:The Letter to the Galatians
4279:. Oxford University Press.
4258:. Oxford University Press.
4048:Buried Hope or Risen Savior
3907:Fundamentals of Catholicism
3823:James, the Brother of Jesus
2391:, and thus as the maternal
2293:perpetual virginity of Mary
530:perpetual virginity of Mary
6062:
5535:Five Discourses of Matthew
4840:Reddish, Mitchell (2011).
4561:Hesemann, Michael (2016).
4552:Kilgallen, John J (1989),
4510:Hagner, Donald A. (2012).
4338:Edwards, James R. (2020).
4315:Duling, Dennis C. (2010).
4273:deSilva, David A. (2012).
4124:Boring, M. Eugene (2012).
4088:"The Brethren of the Lord"
4065:Bauckham, Richard (2015).
4042:Bauckham, Richard (2008).
4021:Bauckham, Richard (2002).
3535:"The Brethren of the Lord"
2814:Dizionario Latino-Italiano
2475:Absence of Jesus' brothers
2445:Eine Christliche Lehrtafel
1521:and fourth-century bishop
1172:successor to James as head
833:This position rejects the
697:James the brother of Jesus
461:
25:
18:
6021:Christianity in Jerusalem
5970:
5248:
5008:Strauss, Mark L. (2009).
4867:. Yale University Press.
4731:Matera, Frank J. (2007).
4605:Kraus, C. Norman (2004).
4582:Hunter, David G. (2008).
4474:. John Wiley & Sons.
4451:The Non-Canonical Gospels
4449:. In Foster, Paul (ed.).
4426:. In Evans, Craig (ed.).
4208:Butz, Jeffrey J. (2005).
4193:. Yale University Press.
4093:The Catholic Encyclopedia
3953:24 September 2015 at the
3821:Eisenman, Robert (2002),
2439:, one of the founders of
2365:Mary the wife of Cleophas
2202:
2200:
2194:
2192:
2186:
2184:
2172:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2132:
2130:
2120:
2107:
2087:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2042:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2028:
2026:
1916:
1914:
1908:
1906:
1900:
1898:
1888:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1856:
1854:
1836:
1827:
1807:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1770:
1766:
1764:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1719:
1633:
1631:
1625:
1623:
1617:
1615:
1605:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1583:
1571:
1569:
1559:
1542:
1535:
1434:
1432:
1331:
1329:
1224:
1222:
1124:
1122:
1116:
1114:
1108:
1106:
1100:
1098:
1092:
1090:
1084:
1082:
1070:
1068:
1060:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1022:
995:
971:
946:
944:
942:
940:
938:
936:
934:
932:
920:
916:
914:
912:
910:
908:
906:
904:
902:
814:The 19th century scholar
542:Eastern Orthodox Churches
523:Mary the wife of Cleophas
515:Mary, the mother of Jesus
167:Hebrew Christian movement
6006:1st-century Christianity
5762:In comparative mythology
4668:Lohse, Bernhard (1966).
4647:Lockett, Darian (2011).
4626:Lincoln, Andrew (2013).
3966:Taylor, Vincent (1952),
3637:Zwingli, Ulrich (1905),
3144:Rousseau & Arav 1995
2404:Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew
2286:Protoevangelium of James
723:recorded in Acts 15. In
284:Jewish–Christian gospels
247:Circumcision controversy
21:Little Brothers of Jesus
5915:Interactions with women
5099:"Christmas with Salome"
5031:Vuong, Lily C. (2013).
4966:Segal, Charles (1999).
4817:Polcar, Philip (2016).
4689:McKnight, Scot (2011).
4531:Hurtado, Larry (2005).
4424:"Mary, Mother of Jesus"
4344:. Inter-Varsity Press.
4317:"The Gospel of Matthew"
4187:Brown, Raymond (2005).
3889:, Queenship Publishing
3503:of Hierapolis, Papias.
3491:Ehrman & Plese 2011
2818:Rosenberg & Sellier
2561:Sextus Julius Africanus
2474:
2420:leaders, including the
1174:of the Jerusalem Church
786:and only of him is the
629:, 16th-century Russian
406:Christianity portal
301:Gospel of the Nazarenes
291:Gospel of the Ebionites
237:Christian anti-semitism
5925:Mary, sister of Martha
5545:Oral gospel traditions
4796:Painter, John (2004).
4773:Painter, John (2001).
4468:Gowler, David (2020).
4252:"Brethren of the Lord"
4214:. Simon and Schuster.
3927:Zalalas, Constantine,
3885:Mark Miravalle, 1993,
3840:Keating, Karl (1988),
3569:"Papias of Hierapolis"
3479:, Newadvent, § 17
2556:
2485:during his crucifixion
2460:with the latter view.
2311:(260/265–339/340) and
2280:
811:
808:Menologion of Basil II
633:
6026:Christian terminology
5652:Life of Christ Museum
5647:Life of Christ in art
4445:Foster, Paul (2008).
4422:Evans, Craig (2014).
4359:Ehrman, Bart (1999).
3909:, Kenneth Baker 1983
3796:Witherington, Ben III
3476:Commentary on Matthew
3330:of Rome, Hippolytus.
3224:, EDB, Bologna, 2010.
2550:
2542:
2389:Mary, mother of Jesus
2327:became the father of
2269:
835:virgin birth of Jesus
801:
794:Relationship to Jesus
757:mentions a Mary, and
713:Clement of Alexandria
625:
528:Those who uphold the
358:Expounding of the Law
296:Gospel of the Hebrews
6046:People from Nazareth
5468:Sayings on the cross
5426:Entry into Jerusalem
5196:"Jesus' Family Tree"
4990:The Brother of Jesus
4888:. Liturgical Press.
4861:Regev, Eyal (2019).
4737:. Liturgical Press.
4716:. Harper & Row.
4489:Green, Gene (2008).
4109:. Liturgical Press.
3998:Aune, David (2000).
3943:L'Osservatore Romano
3887:Introduction to Mary
3579:on 16 November 2015.
3119:"Jesus' Family Tree"
2615:Greek singular noun
2414:Eastern Christianity
2361:Papias of Hierapolis
721:Council of Jerusalem
709:Eusebius of Caesarea
690:1 Corinthians 15:3–7
497:(a form of Joseph),
353:Council of Jerusalem
5957:Race and appearance
5895:(traditional uncle)
5801:Jesus the Splendour
5443:Agony in the Garden
5358:Sermon on the Mount
5200:Jesus and His World
5172:10.1353/earl.0.0147
4927:Jesus and His World
4692:The Letter of James
4407:. Clarendon Press.
4323:. Wiley-Blackwell.
4235:. Scarecrow Press.
4151:. Scarecrow Press.
3705:Question 53 of the
3625:on 21 December 2008
2576:Bishop of Jerusalem
2493:Temple in Jerusalem
859:Jesus and His World
618:(brethren) of Jesus
576:. Although neither
107:Simeon of Jerusalem
50:Jewish Christianity
6036:Followers of Jesus
5942:Rejection of Jesus
5619:Christ myth theory
5436:Farewell Discourse
4930:. Fortress Press.
4846:. Abingdon Press.
4674:. Fortress Press.
4611:. Wipf and Stock.
4567:. Ignatius Press.
4495:. Baker Academic.
3222:I fratelli di GesĂą
2810:Ferruccio Calonghi
2802:Karl Ernst Georges
2689:, p. 237-238.
2557:
2453:Balthasar Hubmaier
2297:antidicomarianites
2281:
812:
768:The author of the
634:
394:Judaism portal
6001:Brothers of Jesus
5988:
5987:
5910:Language of Jesus
5857:Brothers of Jesus
5729:Session of Christ
5605:Mara bar Serapion
5406:Great Commandment
5301:Flight into Egypt
5141:Buffalo, New York
5105:. A&C Black.
5089:978-0-8028-4503-0
5074:Witherington, Ben
4993:. A&C Black.
4629:Born of a Virgin?
4453:. A&C Black.
4437:978-0-19-983018-3
4414:978-0-19-826181-0
4393:978-0-19-802888-8
4372:978-0-19-802888-8
4307:978-1-4674-5044-7
4286:978-0-19-997688-1
3895:978-1-882972-06-7
3874:978-1-57918-355-4
3853:978-0-89870-177-7
3367:978-0-8132-2591-3
3146:, p. passim.
2467:groups, view the
2259:
2258:
1961:
1960:
1674:
1673:
1506:
1505:
1494:
1178:
1142:
802:Martyrdom of St.
574:to the Colossians
568:is distinct from
546:Lutheran Churches
484:
470:
447:brothers of Jesus
443:
442:
272:Gospel of Matthew
172:Messianic Judaism
6053:
5978:
5977:
5853:(alleged father)
5707:Person of Christ
5580:Historical Jesus
5411:Olivet Discourse
5339:Great Commission
5235:
5228:
5221:
5212:
5207:
5190:
5188:
5186:
5148:
5116:
5093:
5069:
5048:
5037:. Mohr Siebeck.
5027:
5004:
4983:
4962:
4941:
4920:
4899:
4878:
4857:
4836:
4813:
4792:
4769:
4748:
4727:
4706:
4685:
4664:
4643:
4622:
4601:
4578:
4557:
4548:
4527:
4506:
4492:Jude and 2 Peter
4485:
4464:
4441:
4418:
4397:
4376:
4355:
4334:
4311:
4290:
4269:
4246:
4225:
4204:
4183:
4162:
4141:
4120:
4097:
4082:
4061:
4038:
4017:
3984:
3978:
3972:
3971:
3963:
3957:
3939:
3933:
3931:
3924:
3918:
3904:
3898:
3883:
3877:
3863:
3857:
3856:
3837:
3828:
3826:
3818:
3812:
3810:
3792:
3786:
3785:
3758:
3752:
3751:
3733:
3724:
3723:
3700:978-1-43368174-5
3686:
3680:
3678:
3664:
3658:
3657:
3652:
3650:
3634:
3628:
3626:
3621:, archived from
3613:
3607:
3606:
3603:978-1-57215749-1
3587:
3581:
3580:
3575:. Archived from
3565:
3559:
3558:
3552:
3550:
3541:. Archived from
3527:
3521:
3520:
3518:
3516:
3500:
3494:
3488:
3482:
3480:
3470:
3461:
3460:
3458:
3456:
3433:
3427:
3426:
3424:
3422:
3399:
3393:
3392:
3386:
3378:
3376:
3374:
3351:
3345:
3344:
3342:
3340:
3327:
3321:
3315:
3309:
3303:
3297:
3291:
3285:
3279:
3273:
3267:
3261:
3255:
3249:
3243:
3237:
3231:
3225:
3218:
3212:
3206:
3195:
3189:
3183:
3177:
3171:
3165:
3159:
3158:, p. 26-27.
3153:
3147:
3141:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3130:
3114:
3108:
3102:
3093:
3087:
3076:
3071:Frédéric Manns,
3069:
3063:
3057:
3051:
3045:
3039:
3033:
3027:
3021:
3015:
3009:
3003:
2997:
2991:
2985:
2979:
2973:
2967:
2961:
2955:
2949:
2943:
2937:
2928:
2922:
2911:
2905:
2899:
2893:
2887:
2881:
2872:
2866:
2857:
2856:, p. 34,37.
2851:
2845:
2839:
2833:
2827:
2821:
2806:Oreste Badellino
2794:
2788:
2782:
2776:
2770:
2759:
2753:
2747:
2746:
2725:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2699:
2690:
2684:
2678:
2672:
2663:
2657:
2651:
2645:
2620:
2613:
2569:
2566:
2537:beloved disciple
2433:Huldrych Zwingli
2410:Western Catholic
2381:Jude the Apostle
2358:Apostolic Father
1967:
1966:
1700:
1699:
1695:Richard Bauckham
1528:
1527:
1492:
1176:
1140:
872:
871:
861:book written by
843:Jewish Christian
841:, a 2nd century
824:
821:
770:epistle of James
755:Gospel of Philip
480:
478:
466:
464:
463:
435:
428:
421:
404:
403:
392:
391:
390:
368:Quartodecimanism
343:Aramaic of Jesus
323:Book of Elchasai
277:Epistle of James
227:Paul and Judaism
87:John the Baptist
60:
37:
6061:
6060:
6056:
6055:
6054:
6052:
6051:
6050:
6031:Family of Jesus
5991:
5990:
5989:
5984:
5966:
5898:
5817:
5749:In other faiths
5743:
5666:
5662:Transfiguration
5623:
5566:
5496:
5396:Transfiguration
5270:
5262:
5244:
5239:
5193:
5184:
5182:
5151:
5127:
5124:
5119:
5113:
5096:
5090:
5072:
5066:
5051:
5045:
5030:
5024:
5007:
5001:
4986:
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4944:
4938:
4923:
4917:
4902:
4896:
4881:
4875:
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4854:
4839:
4833:
4816:
4810:
4795:
4789:
4772:
4766:
4751:
4745:
4730:
4724:
4709:
4703:
4688:
4682:
4667:
4661:
4646:
4640:
4625:
4619:
4604:
4598:
4581:
4575:
4560:
4551:
4545:
4530:
4524:
4516:. Baker Books.
4509:
4503:
4488:
4482:
4467:
4461:
4444:
4438:
4421:
4415:
4400:
4394:
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4358:
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4228:
4222:
4207:
4201:
4186:
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4165:
4159:
4144:
4138:
4123:
4117:
4100:
4085:
4079:
4064:
4058:
4041:
4035:
4020:
4014:
3997:
3993:
3988:
3987:
3979:
3975:
3965:
3964:
3960:
3955:Wayback Machine
3948:Article at EWTN
3940:
3936:
3926:
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3921:
3905:
3901:
3884:
3880:
3864:
3860:
3854:
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3819:
3815:
3794:
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3789:
3779:
3760:
3759:
3755:
3748:
3735:
3734:
3727:
3701:
3688:
3687:
3683:
3673:, p. 112,
3666:
3665:
3661:
3648:
3646:
3636:
3635:
3631:
3615:
3614:
3610:
3604:
3596:, Adams Media,
3589:
3588:
3584:
3573:Text excavation
3567:
3566:
3562:
3548:
3546:
3545:on 18 June 2018
3531:Lightfoot, J.B.
3529:
3528:
3524:
3514:
3512:
3502:
3501:
3497:
3489:
3485:
3472:
3471:
3464:
3454:
3452:
3450:
3435:
3434:
3430:
3420:
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3401:
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3396:
3379:
3372:
3370:
3368:
3353:
3352:
3348:
3338:
3336:
3329:
3328:
3324:
3316:
3312:
3304:
3300:
3292:
3288:
3280:
3276:
3268:
3264:
3260:, p. 1465.
3256:
3252:
3244:
3240:
3232:
3228:
3220:Roberto Reggi,
3219:
3215:
3207:
3198:
3190:
3186:
3178:
3174:
3166:
3162:
3154:
3150:
3142:
3138:
3128:
3126:
3116:
3115:
3111:
3103:
3096:
3088:
3079:
3070:
3066:
3058:
3054:
3046:
3042:
3034:
3030:
3022:
3018:
3010:
3006:
2998:
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2986:
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2923:
2914:
2906:
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2894:
2890:
2882:
2875:
2867:
2860:
2852:
2848:
2840:
2836:
2828:
2824:
2795:
2791:
2783:
2779:
2771:
2762:
2754:
2750:
2740:
2727:
2726:
2719:
2709:
2707:
2701:
2700:
2693:
2685:
2681:
2673:
2666:
2658:
2654:
2646:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2623:
2614:
2610:
2605:
2591:Gospel of James
2587:
2567:
2545:
2497:Robert Eisenman
2477:
2379:(identified as
2338:Gospel of Peter
2264:
2252:
2250:
2238:
2236:
2229:
2227:
1691:Catholic Church
1679:
1511:
1491:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1139:
863:John J Rousseau
851:
831:
822:
810:, 10th century)
796:
775:epistle of Jude
763:Gospel of James
746:1 Corinthians 9
620:
554:
538:Catholic Church
439:
410:
398:
388:
386:
378:
377:
338:
337:
328:
327:
262:
261:
252:
251:
217:
216:
207:
206:
192:
191:
182:
181:
162:
161:
152:
151:
132:
131:
122:
121:
97:Twelve Apostles
80:in Christianity
70:
69:
35:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6059:
6057:
6049:
6048:
6043:
6038:
6033:
6028:
6023:
6018:
6013:
6011:Sibling groups
6008:
6003:
5993:
5992:
5986:
5985:
5983:
5982:
5971:
5968:
5967:
5965:
5964:
5959:
5954:
5949:
5944:
5939:
5934:
5929:
5928:
5927:
5922:
5920:Mary Magdalene
5912:
5906:
5904:
5900:
5899:
5897:
5896:
5890:
5885:
5882:
5876:
5870:
5864:
5859:
5854:
5848:
5843:
5842:(legal father)
5837:
5831:
5825:
5823:
5819:
5818:
5816:
5815:
5810:
5805:
5804:
5803:
5793:
5788:
5787:
5786:
5776:
5775:
5774:
5764:
5759:
5753:
5751:
5745:
5744:
5742:
5741:
5736:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5715:
5714:
5709:
5704:
5694:
5693:
5692:
5687:
5676:
5674:
5668:
5667:
5665:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5649:
5644:
5639:
5633:
5631:
5625:
5624:
5622:
5621:
5616:
5615:
5614:
5613:
5612:
5607:
5602:
5597:
5587:
5576:
5574:
5568:
5567:
5565:
5564:
5559:
5554:
5549:
5548:
5547:
5542:
5540:Gospel harmony
5537:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5517:
5506:
5504:
5498:
5497:
5495:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5483:
5482:
5472:
5471:
5470:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5439:
5438:
5428:
5423:
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5413:
5408:
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5398:
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5388:
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5371:
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5369:
5355:
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5343:
5342:
5341:
5336:
5326:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5305:
5304:
5303:
5298:
5293:
5283:
5277:
5275:
5264:
5263:
5261:
5260:
5258:List of topics
5255:
5249:
5246:
5245:
5240:
5238:
5237:
5230:
5223:
5215:
5209:
5208:
5191:
5149:
5123:
5122:External links
5120:
5118:
5117:
5111:
5094:
5088:
5070:
5064:
5058:. Bloomsbury.
5049:
5043:
5028:
5022:
5005:
4999:
4984:
4978:
4963:
4957:
4942:
4936:
4921:
4915:
4900:
4894:
4879:
4874:978-1426750083
4873:
4858:
4853:978-1426750083
4852:
4837:
4831:
4814:
4808:
4793:
4787:
4770:
4764:
4749:
4743:
4728:
4722:
4707:
4701:
4686:
4680:
4665:
4659:
4653:. Bloomsbury.
4644:
4639:978-0802869258
4638:
4623:
4617:
4602:
4596:
4579:
4573:
4558:
4549:
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4528:
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4335:
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4312:
4306:
4291:
4285:
4270:
4264:
4247:
4241:
4226:
4220:
4205:
4199:
4184:
4178:
4163:
4157:
4142:
4137:978-0664255923
4136:
4121:
4115:
4098:
4083:
4077:
4071:. Bloomsbury.
4062:
4056:
4039:
4033:
4018:
4012:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3986:
3985:
3983:, p. 108.
3973:
3958:
3934:
3919:
3899:
3878:
3858:
3852:
3829:
3813:
3787:
3777:
3753:
3746:
3725:
3699:
3681:
3659:
3629:
3608:
3602:
3593:Jesus and Mary
3582:
3560:
3522:
3495:
3493:, p. 157.
3483:
3462:
3448:
3428:
3414:
3394:
3366:
3357:Ancoratus 60:1
3346:
3322:
3310:
3298:
3296:, p. 117.
3286:
3284:, p. 448.
3274:
3272:, p. 200.
3262:
3258:Boisclair 2007
3250:
3248:, p. 271.
3238:
3226:
3213:
3196:
3184:
3182:, p. 238.
3172:
3170:, p. 106.
3160:
3148:
3136:
3109:
3094:
3077:
3064:
3052:
3050:, p. 450.
3040:
3028:
3016:
3004:
2992:
2980:
2968:
2956:
2954:, p. 101.
2944:
2942:, p. 857.
2929:
2927:, p. 780.
2912:
2900:
2898:, p. 110.
2896:Schreiner 2011
2888:
2886:, p. 435.
2873:
2858:
2846:
2834:
2832:, p. 6,8.
2822:
2789:
2777:
2775:, p. 159.
2760:
2758:, p. 134.
2748:
2738:
2717:
2691:
2679:
2664:
2662:, p. 237.
2652:
2650:, p. 184.
2636:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2622:
2621:
2607:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2599:
2594:
2586:
2583:
2579:Judah Kyriakos
2544:
2541:
2533:Vincent Taylor
2521:Church Fathers
2509:Gospel of John
2476:
2473:
2397:J.B. Lightfoot
2385:Joseph (Joses)
2369:James the Just
2273:Church Fathers
2263:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2254:
2245:
2240:
2231:
2225:James the Less
2222:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2212:
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2203:
2201:
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2195:
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2165:
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2010:
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2007:
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2001:
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1989:
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1980:
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1951:
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1939:James the Less
1936:
1934:
1929:
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1911:
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1502:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1489:Judah Kyriakos
1485:
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1479:
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1471:
1469:
1467:
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883:
881:
879:
877:
875:
850:
847:
830:
827:
816:J.B. Lightfoot
795:
792:
725:Galatians 1:19
705:James the Just
627:James the Just
619:
613:
553:
550:
521:, (2) sons of
441:
440:
438:
437:
430:
423:
415:
412:
411:
409:
408:
396:
383:
380:
379:
376:
375:
370:
365:
360:
355:
350:
345:
339:
335:
334:
333:
330:
329:
326:
325:
320:
315:
309:
308:
304:
303:
298:
293:
287:
286:
280:
279:
274:
268:
267:
263:
259:
258:
257:
254:
253:
250:
249:
244:
239:
234:
229:
224:
218:
214:
213:
212:
209:
208:
205:
204:
199:
193:
189:
188:
187:
184:
183:
180:
179:
174:
169:
163:
159:
158:
157:
154:
153:
150:
149:
144:
139:
133:
130:Ancient groups
129:
128:
127:
124:
123:
120:
119:
114:
109:
104:
102:James the Just
99:
94:
89:
84:
83:
82:
71:
67:
66:
65:
62:
61:
53:
52:
46:
45:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6058:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6009:
6007:
6004:
6002:
5999:
5998:
5996:
5981:
5973:
5972:
5969:
5963:
5960:
5958:
5955:
5953:
5952:Mental health
5950:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5930:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5918:
5917:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5908:
5907:
5905:
5901:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5886:
5883:
5880:
5877:
5874:
5871:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5855:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5841:
5838:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5826:
5824:
5820:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5806:
5802:
5799:
5798:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5785:
5782:
5781:
5780:
5777:
5773:
5772:In the Talmud
5770:
5769:
5768:
5765:
5763:
5760:
5758:
5755:
5754:
5752:
5750:
5746:
5740:
5739:Cosmic Christ
5737:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5724:Second Coming
5722:
5720:
5717:
5713:
5712:Pre-existence
5710:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5699:
5698:
5695:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5682:
5681:
5678:
5677:
5675:
5673:
5669:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5634:
5632:
5630:
5626:
5620:
5617:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5592:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5582:
5581:
5578:
5577:
5575:
5573:
5569:
5563:
5560:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5512:
5511:
5508:
5507:
5505:
5503:
5502:New Testament
5499:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5481:
5478:
5477:
5476:
5473:
5469:
5466:
5465:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5437:
5434:
5433:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5380:
5379:Lord's Prayer
5377:
5376:
5375:
5372:
5368:
5365:
5364:
5363:
5359:
5356:
5352:
5349:
5348:
5347:
5344:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5331:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5314:Unknown years
5312:
5309:
5306:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5296:Date of birth
5294:
5292:
5289:
5288:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5278:
5276:
5274:
5269:
5265:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5250:
5247:
5243:
5236:
5231:
5229:
5224:
5222:
5217:
5216:
5213:
5205:
5201:
5197:
5192:
5181:
5177:
5173:
5169:
5165:
5161:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5146:
5142:
5138:
5134:
5130:
5126:
5125:
5121:
5114:
5112:9780310321859
5108:
5104:
5100:
5095:
5091:
5085:
5081:
5080:
5075:
5071:
5067:
5065:9780567693792
5061:
5057:
5056:
5050:
5046:
5044:9783161523373
5040:
5036:
5035:
5029:
5025:
5023:9780310321859
5019:
5016:. Zondervan.
5015:
5011:
5006:
5002:
5000:9780826470195
4996:
4992:
4991:
4985:
4981:
4979:9781474230476
4975:
4971:
4970:
4964:
4960:
4958:9780310492160
4954:
4951:. Zondervan.
4950:
4949:
4943:
4939:
4937:9780334026266
4933:
4929:
4928:
4922:
4918:
4916:9783525573389
4912:
4908:
4907:
4901:
4897:
4895:9781474230476
4891:
4887:
4886:
4880:
4876:
4870:
4866:
4865:
4859:
4855:
4849:
4845:
4844:
4838:
4834:
4832:9781610695664
4828:
4824:
4820:
4815:
4811:
4809:9781570035234
4805:
4801:
4800:
4794:
4790:
4788:9780664222994
4784:
4780:
4776:
4771:
4767:
4765:9781681497372
4761:
4757:
4756:
4750:
4746:
4744:9780814659724
4740:
4736:
4735:
4729:
4725:
4723:9780715607381
4719:
4715:
4714:
4708:
4704:
4702:9780802826275
4698:
4694:
4693:
4687:
4683:
4681:9781451404234
4677:
4673:
4672:
4666:
4662:
4660:9781474230476
4656:
4652:
4651:
4645:
4641:
4635:
4631:
4630:
4624:
4620:
4618:9781725211407
4614:
4610:
4609:
4603:
4599:
4597:9780664224165
4593:
4589:
4585:
4580:
4576:
4574:9781681497372
4570:
4566:
4565:
4559:
4555:
4550:
4546:
4544:9780802831675
4540:
4536:
4535:
4529:
4525:
4523:9781441240408
4519:
4515:
4514:
4508:
4504:
4502:9781441210722
4498:
4494:
4493:
4487:
4483:
4481:9781119673897
4477:
4473:
4472:
4466:
4462:
4460:9780567033024
4456:
4452:
4448:
4443:
4439:
4433:
4430:. Routledge.
4429:
4425:
4420:
4416:
4410:
4406:
4405:
4399:
4395:
4389:
4385:
4384:
4378:
4374:
4368:
4364:
4363:
4357:
4353:
4351:9781789740080
4347:
4343:
4342:
4336:
4332:
4330:9781444318944
4326:
4322:
4318:
4313:
4309:
4303:
4299:
4298:
4292:
4288:
4282:
4278:
4277:
4271:
4267:
4265:9780192802903
4261:
4257:
4253:
4248:
4244:
4242:9780810879799
4238:
4234:
4233:
4227:
4223:
4221:9781594778797
4217:
4213:
4212:
4206:
4202:
4200:9780802837851
4196:
4192:
4191:
4185:
4181:
4179:9780802837851
4175:
4171:
4170:
4164:
4160:
4158:9781474230476
4154:
4150:
4149:
4143:
4139:
4133:
4129:
4128:
4122:
4118:
4116:9780814658567
4112:
4108:
4104:
4099:
4095:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4080:
4078:9781474230476
4074:
4070:
4069:
4063:
4059:
4057:9781433671265
4053:
4049:
4045:
4040:
4036:
4034:9780802849991
4030:
4026:
4025:
4019:
4015:
4013:9789053565032
4009:
4005:
4001:
3996:
3995:
3990:
3982:
3977:
3974:
3969:
3962:
3959:
3956:
3952:
3949:
3945:
3944:
3938:
3935:
3930:
3923:
3920:
3916:
3915:0-89870-019-1
3912:
3908:
3903:
3900:
3896:
3892:
3888:
3882:
3879:
3875:
3871:
3868:
3862:
3859:
3855:
3849:
3845:
3844:
3836:
3834:
3830:
3824:
3817:
3814:
3809:
3805:
3801:
3797:
3791:
3788:
3784:
3780:
3778:9780802867056
3774:
3770:
3766:
3765:
3757:
3754:
3749:
3747:9780852445822
3743:
3739:
3732:
3730:
3726:
3722:
3720:
3716:
3712:
3708:
3702:
3696:
3692:
3685:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3671:
3663:
3660:
3656:
3644:
3640:
3633:
3630:
3624:
3620:
3619:
3612:
3609:
3605:
3599:
3595:
3594:
3586:
3583:
3578:
3574:
3570:
3564:
3561:
3557:
3544:
3540:
3536:
3532:
3526:
3523:
3511:. Peter Kirby
3510:
3506:
3499:
3496:
3492:
3487:
3484:
3478:
3477:
3469:
3467:
3463:
3451:
3449:9789004228412
3445:
3441:
3440:
3432:
3429:
3417:
3415:9789004098985
3411:
3407:
3406:
3398:
3395:
3390:
3384:
3369:
3363:
3359:
3358:
3350:
3347:
3335:
3334:
3326:
3323:
3320:, p. 57.
3319:
3318:Brackney 2012
3314:
3311:
3308:, p. 31.
3307:
3306:Brackney 2012
3302:
3299:
3295:
3290:
3287:
3283:
3278:
3275:
3271:
3266:
3263:
3259:
3254:
3251:
3247:
3246:Bromiley 1995
3242:
3239:
3236:, p. 22.
3235:
3234:Bauckham 2015
3230:
3227:
3223:
3217:
3214:
3211:, p. 21.
3210:
3209:Bauckham 2015
3205:
3203:
3201:
3197:
3194:, p. 26.
3193:
3188:
3185:
3181:
3176:
3173:
3169:
3164:
3161:
3157:
3152:
3149:
3145:
3140:
3137:
3124:
3120:
3113:
3110:
3107:, p. 27.
3106:
3101:
3099:
3095:
3092:, p. 12.
3091:
3086:
3084:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3068:
3065:
3062:, p. 72.
3061:
3060:Bauckham 2008
3056:
3053:
3049:
3044:
3041:
3037:
3032:
3029:
3026:, p. 13.
3025:
3024:McKnight 2011
3020:
3017:
3014:, p. 39.
3013:
3012:Bauckham 2015
3008:
3005:
3002:, p. 76.
3001:
3000:Bauckham 2015
2996:
2993:
2990:, p. 67.
2989:
2984:
2981:
2978:, p. 84.
2977:
2972:
2969:
2966:, p. 66.
2965:
2960:
2957:
2953:
2948:
2945:
2941:
2936:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2921:
2919:
2917:
2913:
2910:, p. 11.
2909:
2904:
2901:
2897:
2892:
2889:
2885:
2880:
2878:
2874:
2871:, p. 37.
2870:
2865:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2850:
2847:
2843:
2842:Bauckham 2015
2838:
2835:
2831:
2830:Bauckham 2015
2826:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2793:
2790:
2787:, p. 94.
2786:
2781:
2778:
2774:
2769:
2767:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2752:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2739:9780802043092
2735:
2731:
2724:
2722:
2718:
2705:
2698:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2683:
2680:
2676:
2675:Bauckham 2015
2671:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2656:
2653:
2649:
2644:
2642:
2638:
2631:
2626:
2618:
2612:
2609:
2602:
2598:
2597:James Ossuary
2595:
2592:
2589:
2588:
2584:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2573:
2562:
2554:
2549:
2540:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2527:
2522:
2518:
2517:John 19:26–27
2514:
2510:
2505:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2472:
2470:
2466:
2461:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2425:Martin Luther
2423:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2405:
2400:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2359:
2355:
2350:
2348:
2347:
2341:
2339:
2335:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2289:
2287:
2279:
2275:
2274:
2268:
2261:
2256:
2249:
2244:
2235:
2226:
2211:
2207:
2204:
2198:
2196:
2190:
2188:
2182:
2180:
2179:
2170:
2162:
2160:
2150:
2148:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2112:
2105:
2092:
2085:
2081:
2078:
2064:
2062:
2061:
2040:
2032:
2030:
2024:
2022:
2011:
2009:
1986:
1968:
1965:
1958:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1933:
1921:
1918:
1912:
1910:
1904:
1902:
1896:
1894:
1893:
1886:
1878:
1876:
1866:
1864:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1825:
1812:
1805:
1801:
1798:
1784:
1782:
1781:
1768:
1762:
1760:
1752:
1750:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1733:
1724:
1717:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1676:
1671:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1642:
1638:
1635:
1629:
1627:
1621:
1619:
1613:
1612:
1603:
1585:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1540:
1533:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1508:
1503:
1493:fl. c. 148–49
1490:
1449:
1447:
1393:
1391:
1344:
1342:
1290:
1288:
1241:
1239:
1183:
1181:
1170:
1163:
1152:
1147:
1138:
1133:
1129:
1126:
1120:
1118:
1112:
1110:
1104:
1102:
1096:
1094:
1088:
1086:
1080:
1078:
1077:
1058:
1040:
1038:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1005:
1000:
993:
976:
969:
951:
948:
930:
928:
927:
918:
900:
898:
873:
870:
868:
864:
860:
856:
848:
846:
844:
840:
836:
828:
826:
817:
809:
805:
800:
793:
791:
789:
785:
779:
776:
771:
766:
764:
760:
756:
751:
747:
741:
739:
735:
731:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
691:
686:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
662:Matthew 12:46
659:
654:
652:
651:Matthew 12:46
648:
645:
641:
638:
632:
628:
624:
617:
614:
612:
610:
606:
602:
597:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
551:
549:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
526:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
487:New Testament
483:
477:
476:
469:
458:
454:
453:
448:
436:
431:
429:
424:
422:
417:
416:
414:
413:
407:
402:
397:
395:
385:
384:
382:
381:
374:
371:
369:
366:
364:
361:
359:
356:
354:
351:
349:
348:Yeshua (name)
346:
344:
341:
340:
332:
331:
324:
321:
319:
316:
314:
311:
310:
306:
305:
302:
299:
297:
294:
292:
289:
288:
285:
282:
281:
278:
275:
273:
270:
269:
266:New Testament
265:
264:
256:
255:
248:
245:
243:
240:
238:
235:
233:
230:
228:
225:
223:
220:
219:
211:
210:
203:
200:
198:
195:
194:
186:
185:
178:
175:
173:
170:
168:
165:
164:
160:Recent groups
156:
155:
148:
145:
143:
140:
138:
135:
134:
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5862:Holy Kinship
5856:
5813:Master Jesus
5791:Baháʼà Faith
5685:Christianity
5672:Christianity
5642:Christ Child
5637:Bibliography
5487:Resurrection
5401:Homelessness
5310:(apocryphal)
5291:Virgin birth
5281:Annunciation
5273:Jesus's life
5199:
5183:. Retrieved
5166:(1): 47–71.
5163:
5157:
5136:
5102:
5082:. Eerdmans.
5078:
5054:
5033:
5013:
4989:
4968:
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4926:
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4884:
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4842:
4825:. ABC-CLIO.
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4712:
4695:. Eerdmans.
4691:
4670:
4649:
4632:. Eerdmans.
4628:
4607:
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4553:
4537:. Eerdmans.
4533:
4512:
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4340:
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4172:. Eerdmans.
4168:
4147:
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4106:
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4067:
4047:
4027:. Eerdmans.
4023:
4006:. Eerdmans.
4003:
3991:Bibliography
3976:
3967:
3961:
3941:
3937:
3928:
3922:
3906:
3902:
3886:
3881:
3866:
3861:
3842:
3822:
3816:
3807:
3806:(3): 30–31,
3803:
3800:Bible Review
3799:
3790:
3782:
3763:
3756:
3737:
3718:
3715:Kindergragen
3714:
3710:
3707:Kinderfragen
3706:
3704:
3690:
3684:
3674:
3669:
3662:
3654:
3647:, retrieved
3642:
3632:
3623:the original
3617:
3611:
3592:
3585:
3577:the original
3572:
3563:
3554:
3547:. Retrieved
3543:the original
3538:
3525:
3515:10 September
3513:. Retrieved
3508:
3505:"Fragment X"
3498:
3486:
3475:
3455:18 September
3453:. Retrieved
3438:
3431:
3421:18 September
3419:. Retrieved
3404:
3397:
3373:22 September
3371:. Retrieved
3356:
3349:
3337:. Retrieved
3332:
3325:
3313:
3301:
3289:
3282:Hurtado 2005
3277:
3265:
3253:
3241:
3229:
3221:
3216:
3187:
3175:
3163:
3151:
3139:
3127:. Retrieved
3122:
3112:
3090:Painter 2001
3072:
3067:
3055:
3043:
3038:, p. 9.
3036:Lockett 2011
3031:
3019:
3007:
2995:
2983:
2971:
2959:
2952:deSilva 2018
2947:
2908:Painter 2001
2903:
2891:
2869:deSilva 2012
2854:deSilva 2012
2849:
2844:, p. 7.
2837:
2825:
2813:
2797:
2792:
2780:
2773:Edwards 2020
2756:Strauss 2009
2751:
2743:
2729:
2710:18 September
2708:. Retrieved
2682:
2677:, p. 8.
2655:
2616:
2611:
2571:
2558:
2529:John Paul II
2511:records the
2506:
2501:Karl Keating
2489:Luke 2:41–51
2478:
2468:
2462:
2456:
2444:
2408:
2401:
2353:
2351:
2344:
2342:
2320:
2290:
2282:
2271:
2111:another Mary
1962:
1824:another Mary
1680:
1545:earlier wife
1512:
999:another Mary
858:
854:
852:
832:
813:
780:
767:
742:
687:
655:
635:
626:
615:
604:
598:
589:
585:
569:
565:
561:
557:
555:
527:
474:
451:
450:
446:
444:
177:Hebrew Roots
5888:Descendants
5846:Holy Family
5829:Genealogies
5796:Manichaeism
5702:Incarnation
5697:Christology
5690:1st century
5572:Historicity
5463:Crucifixion
5431:Last Supper
3897:, pp. 62–63
3876:pp. 308–309
3539:Philo logos
3339:18 February
3294:Foster 2008
3123:www.pbs.org
3048:Boring 2012
2976:Matera 2007
2964:Matera 2007
2925:Hagner 2012
2884:Boring 2012
2437:John Wesley
2431:theologian
2307:(170–235),
242:Constantine
190:Pejoratives
92:Simon Peter
5995:Categories
5734:Son of God
5629:Depictions
5367:Beatitudes
5324:Temptation
5268:Chronology
5145:New Advent
5131:(c. 383),
3917:pp. 334–35
3270:Lohse 1966
3168:Kelly 1975
3129:3 February
2648:Segal 1999
2627:References
2568: 240
2449:Anabaptist
2418:Protestant
2317:Epiphanius
2313:Epiphanius
2305:Hippolytus
1515:Epiphanius
823: 380
790:proposed.
701:Hegesippus
644:Matthew 13
594:Septuagint
592:) and the
313:Clementine
232:Marcionism
142:Elcesaites
5962:Sexuality
5947:Criticism
5932:Christmas
5808:Mandaeism
5784:Ahmadiyya
5492:Ascension
5416:Anointing
5351:Disciples
5334:Selecting
5185:30 August
5180:170719507
4948:Galatians
4734:Galatians
4556:, Paulist
3825:, Watkins
3719:Lehrtafel
3711:Lehrtafel
3383:cite book
3192:Butz 2005
3156:Butz 2005
3105:Butz 2005
2988:Butz 2005
2632:Citations
2572:desposyni
2441:Methodism
2319:held the
867:Rami Arav
839:Ebionites
788:genealogy
682:Acts 1:14
552:Etymology
468:translit.
373:Shekhinah
215:Adversity
202:Legalists
197:Judaizers
147:Nazarenes
137:Ebionites
5980:Category
5851:Panthera
5836:(mother)
5595:Josephus
5448:Betrayal
5391:Miracles
5386:Parables
5346:Ministry
5329:Apostles
5286:Nativity
5076:(2001).
3951:Archived
3533:(1865).
3473:Origen,
2798:"Frater"
2796:Article
2617:adelphos
2585:See also
2555:, Persia
2469:adelphoi
2457:adelphoi
2429:Reformed
2422:Reformer
2321:adelphoi
2309:Eusebius
1523:Eusebius
855:adelphoi
750:Eusebius
738:Josephus
616:Adelphoi
609:Mark 6:3
588:; Aram.
570:anepsios
566:Adelphoi
562:Adelphoi
558:adelphoi
544:). Some
475:adelphoĂ
452:adelphoi
260:Writings
42:a series
40:Part of
5903:Related
5873:Joachim
5767:Judaism
5757:Jesuism
5657:Statues
5610:Gospels
5600:Tacitus
5590:Sources
5515:Matthew
5510:Gospels
5421:Passion
5374:Prayers
5319:Baptism
5308:Infancy
5253:Outline
4000:"Greek"
2553:Isfahan
2465:Baptist
2451:leader
2383:), and
2356:of the
2301:Bonosus
1723:Joachim
1487:Bishop
730:Antioch
717:Acts 12
601:Vulgate
590:bar dad
586:ben dod
582:Aramaic
511:Matthew
462:ἀδελφοί
449:or the
363:Sabbath
318:Didache
68:Figures
32:Brother
28:Sibling
5937:Easter
5893:Clopas
5840:Joseph
5822:Family
5719:Relics
5680:Christ
5475:Burial
5453:Arrest
5178:
5129:Jerome
5109:
5086:
5062:
5041:
5020:
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3649:1 July
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2563:(died
2427:, and
2334:Origen
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2253:
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2104:Clopas
2091:Joseph
1831:Clopas
1804:Joseph
1687:Clopas
1683:Jerome
1539:Joseph
1519:Origen
1177:d. 106
1169:Simeon
1158:sister
1155:sister
992:Clopas
975:Joseph
804:Simeon
759:Salome
707:, and
670:Luke 8
658:Mark 3
637:Mark 6
607:(e.g.
605:frater
578:Hebrew
519:Joseph
517:, and
471:
336:Issues
5779:Islam
5458:Trial
5362:Plain
5242:Jesus
5176:S2CID
3125:. PBS
2603:Notes
2377:Judas
2373:Simon
2329:James
2243:Simon
2234:Joses
2210:Jesus
1985:Jacob
1949:Simon
1944:Joses
1932:Jesus
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1641:Jesus
1151:Simon
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1141:d. 62
1137:James
1132:Jesus
734:torah
678:Judea
534:Jesus
499:Simon
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491:James
457:Greek
307:Other
75:Jesus
5879:Heli
5867:Anne
5834:Mary
5530:John
5525:Luke
5520:Mark
5480:Tomb
5187:2016
5107:ISBN
5084:ISBN
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4953:ISBN
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