2699:
siblings' conflict and lets them work it out between themselves without outside guidance. In some cases, this technique is chosen to avoid situations in which the parent decides which sibling is in the right and may favor one sibling over the other, however, by following this technique the parent may sacrifice the opportunity to instruct their children on how to deal with conflict. Child-centered parental interventions include techniques in which the parent mediates the argument between the two children and helps them come to an agreement. Using this technique, parents may help model how the children can deal with conflicts in the future; however, parents should avoid dictating the outcome to the children, and make sure that they are mediating the argument making suggestions, allowing the children to decide the outcome. This may be especially important when some of the children have autism. Techniques in which parents encourage physical aggression between siblings may be chosen by the parents to help children deal with aggression in the future, however, this technique does not appear to be effective as it is linked to greater conflict levels between children. Parental non-intervention is also linked to higher levels of sibling conflict, and lower levels of sibling warmth. It appears that child-centered parental interventions have the best effect on sibling's relationship with a link to greater levels of sibling warmth and lower levels of sibling conflict.
3021:
are no records at all of the word for the next 500 years, although its derivational base sib remained in use throughout those years. It was in fact the term sib which, when employed specifically in the fields of anthropology and genetics, gave rise to the readoption of sibling. Sibling, in the narrower modern sense of describing the relationship between two people sharing a common parent, filled a semantic gap in the
English lexicon, as there previously was no term to describe the fraternal relationship that did not specify gender. It is clear from early uses of sibling in the 20th century that the writer did not expect the reader to be familiar with the word, as the translator's note from a German eugenics book, Human Heredity explains, 'The word "sib" or "sibling" is coming into use in genetics in the English-speaking world, as an equivalent of the convenient German term "Geschwister" and as a general name for all children born of the same parents, that is to say, to denote brothers and sisters without distinction of sex.' (Baur 1931: 508 in sibling, OED). Likewise, an article in the journal Biometrika from 1903 contains the clarification, '"siblings"=brothers or sisters,' when employing the term. Thus we observe an interesting phenomenon of a native English word being reintroduced to native English speakers, who clearly have no knowledge of it.
2725:
children's birth order. The experiment was conducted using phone interviews, in which the experimenters would ask the children about the activities they performed throughout their day outside of school. The experimenters found that in the homes where there were mixed gender kids, and the father held traditional values, the kids also held traditional values and therefore also played gender based roles in the home. In contrast, in homes where the father did not hold traditional values, the house chores were divided more equally among his kids. However, if fathers had two male children, the younger male tended to help more with household chores, but as he reached his teenage years the younger child stopped being as helpful around the house. However, education may be a
2461:
2488:
they have a sophisticated grasp of family rules and can evaluate themselves in relation to their siblings. Sibling rivalry often continues throughout childhood and can be very frustrating and stressful to parents. One study found that the age group 10–15 reported the highest level of competition between siblings. Sibling rivalry can continue into adulthood and sibling relationships can change dramatically over the years. Approximately one-third of adults describe their relationship with siblings as rivalrous or distant. However, rivalry often lessens over time and at least 80% of siblings over age 60 enjoy close ties.
2249:
also depends greatly and varies greatly on family context. Family size, sibling identification, age gap, modeling, parenting techniques, gender, class, race, and temperament are all confounding variables that can influence behaviour and therefore perceived behaviour of specific birth categories. The research on birth order does have stronger correlations, however, in areas such as intelligence and physical features, but are likely caused by other factors other than the actual position of birth. Some research has found that firstborn children have slightly higher
2629:
their younger sibling due to their understanding of the necessary relationship between the parent and younger sibling. Older children are also better at self-regulating their emotions and are less dependent on their caregivers for external regulation as opposed to their younger siblings. Younger siblings' feelings of jealousy are overpowered by feelings of anger. The quality of the relationship between the younger child and the older child is also a factor in jealousy, as the better the relationship the less jealous feelings occurred and vice versa.
2122:
2136:
2399:
2411:
694:
2638:
not uncommon to see siblings who think that their sibling is favored by their teachers, peers, or especially their parents. In fact it is not uncommon to see siblings who both think that their parents favor the other sibling. Perceived inequalities in the division of resources such as who got a larger dessert also fall into this category of conflict. This form of conflict seems to be more prevalent in the younger sibling.
2338:
750:
24:
2664:
803:
2565:: 60% of children fall into this category. These children closely watch their parents interact with their newborn sibling, approach them positively and sometimes join the interaction. They show fewer behaviour problems in the months following the new birth and do not display problematic behaviours during the parent-infant interaction. These children are considered
4721:
1861:
it, and these two concepts are different. Consanguinity decreases by half for every generation of reproductive separation through their most recent common ancestor. Siblings are 50% related by consanguinity as they are separated from each other by two generation (sibling to parent to sibling), and they share two parents as common ancestors (
2601:
involved in good marital communication help their children cope adaptively with jealousy. They do this by modelling problem-solving and conflict resolution for their children. Children are also less likely to have jealous feelings when they live in a home in which everyone in the family shares and expresses love and happiness.
2167:. For example, firstborns are seen as conservative and high-achieving, middle children as natural mediators, and youngest children as charming and outgoing. Despite its lasting presence in the public domain, studies have failed to consistently produce clear, valid, compelling findings; therefore, it has earned the title of a
2552:, and anxiety. Jealousy occurs in a social triangle of relationships which do not require a third person. The social triangle involves the relationships between the jealous individual and the parent, the relationship between the parent and the rival, and the relationship between jealous individual and the rival.
2671:
The saying that people "fight like siblings" shows just how charged sibling conflict can be and how well recognized sibling squabbles are. In spite of how widely acknowledged these squabbles can be, sibling conflict can have several impacts on the sibling pair. It has been shown that increased levels
2628:
Older children tend to be less jealous than their younger sibling. This is due to their ability to mentally process the social situation in a way that gives them more positive, empathetic feelings toward their younger sibling. Older children are better able to cope with their jealous feelings toward
2609:
Implicit theories about relationships are associated with the ways children think of strategies to deal with a new situation. Children can fall into two categories of implicit theorizing. They may be malleable theorists and believe that they can affect change on situations and people. Alternatively,
2311:
was published. In this book, Sulloway argues that firstborns are more conscientious, more socially dominant, less agreeable, and less open to new ideas compared to later-borns. While being seemingly empirical and academic, as many studies are cited throughout the book, it is still often criticized as
2253:
on average than later born children. However, other research finds no such effect. It has been found that first-borns score three points higher compared to second borns and that children born earlier in a family are on average, taller and weigh more than those born later. However, it is impossible to
2248:
The social interaction that occurs as a result of birth order however is the most notable. Older siblings often become role models of behaviour, and younger siblings become learners and supervisees. Older siblings are at a developmental advantage both cognitively and socially. The role of birth order
2244:
Today, the flaws and inconsistencies in birth order research eliminate its validity. It is very difficult to control solely for factors related to birth order, and therefore most studies produce ambiguous results. Embedded into theories of birth order is a debate of nature versus nurture. It has been
3020:
The primary word under consideration in this chapter is sibling, which during the Old
English period referred simply to a relation, not necessarily to a brother or sister, as in the modern use of the term. The last recorded use in the Oxford English Dictionary in the relative sense is in 1425. There
2600:
Children that have parents with a better marital relationship are better at regulating their jealous emotions. Children are more likely to express jealousy when their parents are directing their attention to the sibling as opposed to when the parents are solely interacting with them. Parents who are
2437:
suggests that instead of protesting or telling children to act their age, parents should simply grant their requests without becoming upset. The affected children will soon return to their normal routine when they realize that they now have just as important a place in the family as the new sibling.
2090:
only occurs a limited number of times and, therefore, large chunks of a chromosome are shared or not shared at one time. In fact, the mean DNA fraction shared is 50.28% with a standard deviation of 3.68%, meaning approximately 1/4 of sibling pairs share more than 52.76% of their DNA, while 1/4 share
2684:
and lower levels of academic competence. This means that sibling warmth does not counteract these negative effects. Sibling conflict is also linked to an increase in more risky behavior including: smoking cigarettes, skipping days of school, contact with the police, and other behaviors in
Caucasian
2637:
Sibling conflict is pervasive and often shrugged off as an accepted part of sibling dynamics. In spite of the broad variety of conflict that siblings are often involved in, sibling conflicts can be grouped into two broader categories. The first category is conflict about equality or fairness. It is
2226:
First Borns: Fulfilling family roles of leadership and authority, obedient of protocol and hierarchy. Seek out and prefer order, structure and adherence to norms and rules. They partake in goal-striving behaviour as their lives are centred around achievement and accomplishment themes. They fear the
1860:
is the measure of how closely people are related. Genetic relatedness measures how many genes a person shares. As all humans share over 99% of the same genes, consanguinity only matters for the small fraction of genes which vary between different people. Inheritance of genes has a random element to
2698:
Techniques used by parents to manage their children's conflicts include parental non-intervention, child-centered parental intervention strategies, and more rarely the encouragement of physical conflict between siblings. Parental non-intervention included techniques in which the parent ignores the
2487:
Sibling rivalry usually starts right after, or before, the arrival of the second child. While siblings will still love each other, it is not uncommon for them to bicker and be malicious to each other. Children are sensitive from the age of 1 year to differences in parental treatment and by 3 years
2323:
In practice, systematic birth order research is a challenge because it is difficult to control for all of the variables that are statistically related to birth order. For example, large families are generally lower in socioeconomic status than small families, so third-born children are more likely
1998:
play in the development of various traits. Such studies examine how often identical twins possess the same behavioral trait and compare it to how often fraternal twins possess the same trait. In other studies twins are raised in separate families, and studies compare the passing on of a behavioral
2724:
using middle-childhood aged children and observed the way in which the parents contributed to stereotypical attitudes in their kids. In their study the experimenters analysed two different types of families, one with the same sex siblings, and the other with different sex siblings, as well as the
2641:
The second category of conflict involves an invasion of a child's perceived personal domain by their sibling. An example of this type of conflict is when a child enters their sibling's room when they are not welcome, or when a child crosses over into their sibling's side of the car in a long road
2491:
Each child in a family competes to define who they are as persons and want to show that they are separate from their siblings. Sibling rivalry increases when children feel they are getting unequal amounts of their parents' attention, where there is stress in the parents' and children's lives, and
2425:
The arrival of a new baby is especially stressful for firstborns and for siblings between 3 and 5 years old. In such situations, regressive behavior may be accompanied by aggressive behavior, such as handling the baby roughly. All of these symptoms are considered to be typical and developmentally
2592:
Children are more jealous of the interactions between newborns and their mothers than they are with newborns and their fathers. This is logical as up until the birth of the infant, the first-born child had the mother as their primary care-giver all to themselves. Some research has suggested that
2230:
Middle
Children: Feel like outcasts of families as they lack primacy of the first child and the "attention garnering recency" of the youngest. These children often go to great lengths to de-identify themselves with their siblings, in an attempt to make a different and individualized identity for
2234:
Youngest
Children: Feel disadvantaged compared to older siblings, are often perceived as less capable or experienced and are therefore indulged and spoiled. Because of this, they are skilled in coaxing/charming others to do things for them or provide. This contributes to the image of them being
2689:
for behavioral problems. A study on what the topic of the fight was (invasion of personal domain or inequality) also shows that the topic of the fight may have a result on the effects of the conflict. This study showed that sibling conflict over personal domain were related to lower levels of
2445:
advises that most occurrences of regressive behavior are mild and to be expected; however, it recommends parents to contact a pediatrician or child psychologist if the older child tries to hurt the baby, if regressive behavior does not improve within 2 or 3 months, or if the parents have other
2719:
There have always been some differences between siblings, especially different sex siblings. Often, different sex sibling may consider things to be unfair because their brother or sister is allowed to do certain things because of their gender, while they get to do something less fun or just
851:
from infanthood, a language only shared and understood between the two. Studies corroborate that identical twins appear to display more twin talk than fraternal twins. At about 3, twin talk usually ends. Twins generally share a greater bond due to growing up together and being the same age.
912:
to each other, for example, if a man has children with two women who are sisters, or a woman has children with a man and his son. In the first case, the children are half-siblings as well as first cousins; in the second, the children are half-siblings as well as an avuncular pair. They are
2614:
display engaging behaviours, like interacting with the parent or sibling in an attempt to improve the situation. They tend to have more intense and longer-lasting feelings of jealousy because they spend more time ruminating on the situation and constructing ways to make it better.
2426:
appropriate for children between the ages of 3 and 5. While some can be prevented, the remainder can be improved within a few months. Regressive behavior may include demand for a bottle, thumb sucking, requests to wear diapers (even if toilet-trained), or requests to carry a
2690:
self-esteem, and sibling conflict over perceived inequalities seem to be more related to depressive symptoms. However, the study also showed that greater depressive and anxious symptoms were also related to more frequent sibling conflict and more intense sibling conflict.
2573:: 30% of children fall into this category. These children observe parent-infant interaction closely and are less likely to approach the infant and the parent. They are anxious to explore the new environment as they tend to seek little comfort from their parents.
2672:
of sibling conflict are related to higher levels of anxiety and depression in siblings, along with lower levels of self-worth and lower levels of academic competence. In addition, sibling warmth is not a protective factor for the negative effects of
2619:
display non-engaging behaviours, for example retreating to their room because they believe none of their actions will affect or improve the situation. They tend to have less intense and shorter lasting feelings of jealousy than malleable theorists.
2057:
is greater than zero). Interestingly, half-siblings can be related by as "three-quarters siblings" (related by 3/8) if their unshared parents have a consanguinity of 50%. This means the unshared parents are either siblings, making the half-siblings
2560:
First-borns' attachment to their parents is directly related to their jealous behaviour. In a study by
Volling, four classes of children were identified based on their different responses of jealousy to new infant siblings and parent interactions.
2094:
There is a very small chance that two half-siblings might not share any genes if they didn't inherit any of the same chromosomes from their shared parent. This is possible for full-siblings as well, though even more unlikely. But because of how
2584:: 2.7% of children fall into this category. These children are emotionally reactive and aggressive. They have difficulty regulating their negative emotions and may be likely to externalize it as negative behaviour around the newborn.
2580:: 6% of children fell into this category. These children have an intense interest in parent-infant interaction and a strong desire to seek proximity and contact with the parent, and sometimes intrude on parent-child interaction.
2312:
a biased and incomplete account of the whole picture of siblings and birth order. Because it is a novel, the research and theories proposed throughout were not criticized and peer-reviewed by other academics before its release.
1933:
1845:
Jrake and Jaden were born to one mother and two half-sibling fathers, and are thus three-quarter siblings, however, their actual percentage of genetic relation is 31.25% instead of 37.5%. Jrake and Jakob are cross-cousins.
2155:
Birth order is a person's rank by age among his or her siblings. Typically, researchers classify siblings as "eldest", "middle child", and "youngest" or simply distinguish between "first-born" and "later-born" children.
1024:
are individuals who share one or more half-siblings; if one person has at least one maternal half-sibling and at least one paternal half-sibling, the maternal and paternal half-siblings are cross-siblings to each
2476:"Sibling rivalry" is a type of competition or animosity among brothers and sisters. It appears to be particularly intense when children are very close in age or of the same gender. Sibling rivalry can involve
2685:
sibling pairs with the exception of firstborns with younger brothers. Except for the elder brother in this pair sibling conflict is positively correlated with risky behavior, thus sibling conflict may be a
2654:
and higher perceived social competence. Even in cases where there is a high level of sibling conflict if there is also a high level of sibling warmth then social skills and competence remain unaffected.
2610:
they may be fixed theorists, believing situations and people are not changeable. These implicit beliefs determine both the intensity of their jealous feelings, and how long those jealous feelings last.
2048:
1988:
927:. Diblings are biologically siblings though not legally for the purposes of family rights and inheritance. The anonymity of donation is seen to add complication to the process of courtship.
3653:
Plomin, R; Pederson, N.L.; McClearn, G.E.; Nesselroade, J.R.; Bergeman, C.S. (1988). "EAS temperaments during the last half of the life span: Twins reared apart and twins reared together".
2316:
that have examined many studies and attempted to control for confounding variables tend to find minimal effects for birth order on personality. In her review of the scientific literature,
4242:
Volling, B. L.; McElwain, N.L.; Miller, A.L. (2002). "Emotion
Regulation in Context: The Jealousy Complex between Young Siblings and its Relations with Child and Family Characteristics".
2650:
Sibling warmth is a term for the degree of affection and companionship shared by siblings. Sibling warmth seems to have an effect on siblings. Higher sibling warmth is related to better
2299:
Firstborns and older siblings must answer questions and explain things to younger siblings, acting as tutors. This advances their cognitive processing of information and language skills.
2203:(1874), Galton noted that prominent composers and scientists are over-represented as first-borns. He theorized three main reasons as to why first-borns are generally more eminent:
2289:
proposed that the intellectual environment within a family is ever-changing due to three factors, and therefore more permissive of first-born children's intellectual advancement:
900:, with half-siblings taking only half as much property of their intestate siblings' estates as siblings of full-blood. Unequal treatment of this type has been wholly abolished in
1999:
trait by the family environment and the possession of a common trait between identical twins. This kind of study has revealed that for personality traits which are known to be
1843:
Julia and Janine were born to one father and two full-sibling mothers, and are thus three-quarter siblings. Jaden is their cousin, while Jrake and Jakob are their half-cousins.
4322:
Campione-Barr, Nicole; Bassett Greer, Kelly; Kruse, Anna (May–June 2013). "Differential
Associations Between Domains of Sibling Conflict and Adolescent Emotional Adjustment".
717:, with siblinghood considered a unique type of relationship. The emotional bond between siblings is often complicated and is influenced by factors such as parental treatment,
2465:
1946:
come from the same zygote, their most recent common ancestor is each other. They’re genetically identical and 100% consanguineous as they’re separated by zero generations (
3484:
4157:
2293:
Firstborns do not need to share parental attention and have their parents' complete absorption. More siblings in the family limit the attention devoted to each of them.
4506:
2999:
These will enable us... to predict the probable character in any individual from a knowledge of one or more parents or brethren ("siblings," = brothers or sisters).
966:
are the siblings of one's spouse, the spouse of one's sibling, or the spouse of one's spouse's sibling. The spouse of one's spouse's sibling may also be called a
913:
genetically closer than half-siblings but less genetically close than full-siblings, a degree of genetic relationship that is rare in humans and little-studied.
3289:
638:
3105:
4763:
4743:
2460:
1864:
2569:
as they act how a child would be expected to act in a familiar home setting with their parents present as secure bases to explore the environment.
2245:
disproved that there is something innate in the position one is born into, and therefore creating a preset role. Birth order has no genetic basis.
4360:
Buist, Kirsten L.; Vermande, Marjolijn (2014). "Sibling
Relationship Patterns and Their Associations with Child Competence and Problem Behavior".
2512:: a parent is inclined to spread resources equally among all children in the family, but a child wants most of the resources for him or herself.
4174:
2749:. It can be seen in biological and adoptive families, but also in other situations where children are brought up in close contact, such as the
2320:
suggests that birth order effects may exist within the context of the family of origin, but that they are not enduring aspects of personality.
2324:
than first-born children to come from poorer families. Spacing of children, parenting style, and gender are additional variables to consider.
3983:
Rodgers, J.L., Cleveland, H.H., van den Oord, E. and Rowe, D. (2000). Resolving the Debate Over Birth Order, Family Size and
Intelligence.
2442:
3509:
3896:
Wichman, A.L.; Rodgers, J.L.; MacCallum, R.C. (2006). "A Multilevel Approach to the Relationship Between Birth Order and Intelligence".
2947:
2891:
4599:
McHale, Susan M.; Crouter, Ann C. (1999). "Family Context and Gender Role Socialization in Middle Childhood: Comparing Girls to Boys".
4703:
2939:
4288:
Thompson, J.A.; Halberstadt, A.G. (2008). "Childrens Accounts of Sibling Jealousy and Their Implicit Theories about Relationships".
2385:
789:
631:
4113:
2107:) during the development of an egg or sperm cell, however, the odds of this ever actually occurring are practically non-existent.
4793:
4135:
5376:
3939:
Eckstein, D.; Kaufman, J.A. (2012). "The Role of Birth Order in Personality: An Enduring Intellectual Legacy of Alfred Adler".
3601:
3257:
3197:
Galván-FemenĂa, Iván; BarcelĂł-Vidal, Carles; Sumoy, Lauro; Moreno, Victor; de Cid, Rafael; Graffelman, Jan (15 January 2021).
2729:
affecting both the father's attitude and the siblings' behavior, and the mother's attitudes did not have a noticeable impact.
1841:
Erika and Efram are full siblings; to them, Abram, Aserna, and Agnia are their half-siblings, and Bein is their cross sibling.
5298:
4154:
2711:
and children with siblings suggest that overall the presence of a sibling does not have any effect on the child as an adult.
2434:
2363:
771:
2148:
5437:
5097:
3824:
2213:
First-borns are given more responsibility than their younger siblings and are treated more as companions by their parents.
2006:
Half-siblings are 25% related by consanguinity as they share one parent and separated from each other by two generations (
364:
2296:
Firstborns are exposed to more adult language. Later-borns are exposed to the less-mature speech of their older siblings.
919:, a portmanteau of donor sibling, or donor-conceived sibling, or donor-sperm sibling, are biologically connected through
866:) are people who share one parent. They may share the same mother but different fathers (in which case they are known as
5541:
2686:
2144:
1149:
Bryan and Betty are full siblings while Cyrus is their half brother; their relation percentage of consanguinity is 50%.
624:
5210:
4853:
4094:
2009:
1949:
4555:
Riggio, Heidi (September 1999). "Personality and Social Skill Differences Between Adults With and Without Siblings".
3297:
2642:
trip. These types of fights seem to be more important to older siblings due to their larger desire for independence.
2348:
3534:
227:
177:
28:
2367:
2352:
2121:
760:
5447:
5413:
2966:
2593:
children display less jealous reactions over father-newborn interactions because fathers tend to punish negative
2501:
2054:
656:
605:
4693:
3414:
2359:
767:
555:
34:
5388:
2135:
4520:
Kazura, Kerry; Tucker, Corinna (July 2013). "Parental Responses to School-aged Children's Sibling Conflict".
2053:
A person may share more than the standard consanguinity with their sibling if their parents are related (the
5490:
2597:
and are less tolerant than mothers of clinginess and visible distress, although this is hard to generalize.
2129:
371:
3877:
Adler, E.S. (2012). "Issues in Birth Order Research Methodology: Perspectives from Individual Psychology".
4453:
4077:
4047:"Associations between birth order and personality traits: Evidence from self-reports and observer ratings"
3858:
Alan, E.S. (2012). "Issues in Birth Order Research Methodology: Perspectives from Individual Psychology".
2775:
2164:
2096:
909:
847:
are siblings that are born from the same pregnancy. Often, twins with a close relationship will develop a
733:
722:
5454:
4813:
4500:
4405:"Longitudinal Associations Between Sibling Relationship Qualities and Risky Behavior Across Adolescence"
3438:
2100:
2087:
1995:
729:
550:
463:
254:
217:
2254:
generalize birth order characteristics and apply them universally to all individuals in that subgroup.
3719:"Estimation and Partitioning of Heritability in Human Populations using Whole Genome Analysis Methods"
2921:
5510:
5495:
5442:
5398:
5308:
5240:
4786:
4725:
3694:
3606:
3574:
3318:
2785:
2780:
2521:
892:
law), half-siblings have often been accorded treatment unequal to that of full-siblings. Old English
652:
458:
453:
240:
4178:
3342:
2267:(Blake, 1981) provide three potential reasons for the higher scoring of older siblings on IQ tests:
5480:
5432:
5425:
5127:
5084:
4454:"Social behaviors of children with ASD during play with siblings and parents: parental perceptions"
2899:
2505:
600:
236:
2500:, where brothers were in competition for their mother's attention and sisters for their father's.
2271:
Parental resources are finite, first-born children get full and primary access to these resources.
2216:
First-borns are given more attention and nourishment in families with limited financial resources.
4670:
4537:
4481:
4385:
4014:
3921:
3766:
3689:
3569:
3366:
3087:
2990:
2828:
2746:
2738:
2721:
2317:
2140:
488:
418:
3390:
3012:
2210:
laws: first-borns have access to their parents' financial resources to continue their education.
990:: foster children of one's parent(s), or the children or foster children of one's foster parent.
2003:, genetics play a substantial role throughout life and an even larger role during early years.
5408:
5235:
5205:
4958:
4843:
4699:
4616:
4572:
4473:
4434:
4377:
4339:
4259:
3913:
3748:
3670:
3265:
3238:
3220:
3179:
3161:
3079:
2848:
2757:
2742:
2677:
2532:
2313:
843:) share the same biological parents. Full-siblings are also the most common type of siblings.
590:
560:
495:
222:
197:
52:
3997:
Johnson, Gary. R. (2000). "Science, Sulloway, and Birth Order: An Ordeal and an Assessment".
3959:
5531:
5500:
5172:
5162:
5157:
5132:
4963:
4942:
4838:
4660:
4608:
4564:
4529:
4465:
4424:
4416:
4369:
4331:
4297:
4251:
4058:
4006:
3905:
3738:
3730:
3662:
3228:
3210:
3169:
3151:
3069:
2982:
2770:
2427:
874:), or they may have the same father but different mothers (in which case, they are known as
414:
317:
4649:"Childhood Association and Sexual Attraction: A Further Test of the Westermarck Hypothesis"
2970:
2163:
and popular culture to have a profound and lasting effect on psychological development and
5536:
5303:
5152:
5147:
5137:
5027:
4833:
4828:
4779:
4161:
4139:
4117:
4098:
3140:"A Log-Ratio Biplot Approach for Exploring Genetic Relatedness Based on Identity by State"
2497:
2470:
2455:
2410:
2398:
1939:
585:
500:
283:
5403:
5383:
5371:
3462:
3199:"A likelihood ratio approach for identifying three-quarter siblings in genetic databases"
3734:
3033:
2235:
popular and outgoing, as they engage in attention-seeking behaviour to meet their needs.
713:), most societies have siblings grow up together. This causes the development of strong
693:
5335:
5283:
5250:
5245:
5167:
5107:
5017:
4987:
4823:
4757:
4429:
4404:
4110:
3783:
3743:
3718:
3233:
3198:
3174:
3139:
2843:
2815:
2805:
2422:
Regressive behaviors are the child's way of demanding the parents' love and attention.
2304:
2180:
2160:
1943:
962:
924:
381:
258:
170:
4737:
4132:
5525:
5470:
5265:
5182:
5112:
5012:
4752:
4732:
4541:
4485:
4301:
4018:
3570:"How are siblings 50% genetically identical while humans and mice are 85% identical?"
3138:
Graffelman, Jan; Galván FemenĂa, Iván; de Cid, Rafael; BarcelĂł Vidal, Carles (2019).
3013:"Gone But Not Forgotten: Persistence and Revival in the History of English Word Loss"
2810:
2509:
2493:
2481:
2286:
2207:
2168:
1857:
1007:
884:
848:
714:
533:
483:
386:
344:
139:
4389:
3091:
5393:
5355:
5350:
5177:
5022:
3925:
2962:
2800:
2790:
2651:
2540:
is not a single emotion. The basic emotions expressed in jealous interactions are
2415:
2277:
These parental resources have an important impact on a child's educational success.
2274:
As the number of a children in a family goes up, the more resources must be shared.
2188:
2000:
1011:
920:
293:
278:
212:
4665:
4648:
3717:
Vinkhuyzen, A. A.; Wray, N. R.; Yang, J.; Goddard, M. E.; Visscher, P. M. (2013).
3058:"The relationship between twin language, twins' close ties, and social competence"
1928:{\displaystyle \left({\tfrac {1}{2}}\right)^{2}+\left({\tfrac {1}{2}}\right)^{2}}
5275:
5230:
5074:
4968:
4923:
3629:
2741:
found that children who are brought up together as siblings are desensitized to
2337:
2116:
1015:
987:
940:
889:
749:
718:
710:
595:
580:
518:
376:
307:
244:
92:
4469:
3832:
3781:
Comer, Ronald; Gould, Elizabeth; Ogden, Nancy; Boyes, Michael (February 2012).
3215:
2663:
1938:
A fraternal twin is a sibling and, therefore, is related by 50% consanguinity.
802:
5475:
5420:
5293:
5255:
5117:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5044:
5032:
4972:
4928:
4568:
4533:
4010:
2856:
2726:
2708:
2681:
2477:
1991:
945:
893:
820:
687:
545:
359:
268:
232:
207:
23:
4695:
The Sibling Effect: What the Bonds Among Brothers and Sisters Reveal About Us
3909:
3666:
3269:
3224:
3165:
3156:
709:
While some circumstances can cause siblings to be raised separately (such as
5485:
5192:
5069:
4818:
4612:
4255:
2852:
2795:
2184:
997:
897:
540:
473:
423:
349:
312:
288:
202:
153:
4620:
4576:
4477:
4452:
O’Brien, O’Brien, Zachariah; Cuskelly, Monica; Slaughter, Virginia (2020).
4438:
4381:
4343:
4263:
4091:
4062:
3917:
3752:
3242:
3183:
3083:
4720:
3674:
5288:
5225:
5220:
5197:
5142:
5102:
4888:
3542:
2537:
955:
610:
468:
302:
273:
158:
148:
112:
56:
4767:. Vol. 04 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 651.
4747:. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 160.
3074:
3057:
2566:
2492:
where fighting is accepted by the family as a way to resolve conflicts.
2303:
In 1996, interest in the science behind birth order was re-sparked when
2231:
themselves as they feel like they were "squeezed out" of their families.
5215:
5122:
5092:
5005:
4900:
4335:
2994:
2753:
2673:
2594:
2575:
2549:
2403:
2104:
916:
901:
774: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
702:
675:
446:
428:
409:
391:
127:
65:
4674:
2191:'s (1870–1937) theory of birth order and personality characteristics.
5505:
5345:
5340:
4995:
4977:
4905:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4802:
4420:
4373:
2862:
2838:
2833:
2750:
2086:
In practice, full siblings do not share exactly 50% of their DNA, as
2075:
2059:
698:
683:
679:
667:
354:
122:
102:
85:
80:
75:
70:
4046:
2986:
1392:
Siblings, half siblings, three-quarter siblings, and cross siblings
3439:"Foster sister definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary"
3056:
Hayashi, C; Mikami, H; Nishihara, R; Maeda, C; Hayakawa, K (2014).
16:
One of two or more individuals having at least one parent in common
5330:
4933:
4878:
2662:
2545:
2459:
2409:
2397:
2134:
2120:
2071:
2067:
807:
801:
692:
573:
528:
523:
433:
958:
parent of one and the adoptive or biological parent of the other.
5260:
5000:
4937:
3290:"What It's Like To... Find Out You Have 40 Brothers and Sisters"
2820:
2541:
2063:
844:
828:, having not been used since Middle English, specifically 1425.
671:
478:
132:
4775:
4883:
4756:
2331:
2179:
The theorizing and study of birth order can be traced back to
1383:
Emily is their three-quarter sibling and Frank's half sister.
743:
4736:
4403:
Solmeyer, Anna; McHale, Susan; Crouter, Ann (February 2014).
1010:
by the same woman. This relationship exists in cultures with
4155:
Sibling Rivalry in Degree and Dimensions Across the Lifespan
3510:"She's my sister from another mister! | Janelle Butterfield"
2707:
Studies on social skill and personality differences between
1994:
have been conducted by scientists to examine the roles that
2438:
Most of the behaviors can be improved within a few months.
2250:
3472:. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. June 2019.
1942:
are no more genetically similar than regular siblings. As
651:"Siblings" redirects here. For the television series, see
4771:
3595:
3593:
3563:
3561:
3559:
944:(stepbrothers or stepsisters) are the children of one's
3776:
3774:
896:
at one time incorporated inequalities into the laws of
2019:
1959:
1904:
1874:
4101:
Syliva B. Rimm, Educational Assessment Service, 2002.
3485:"Milk Kinship: What do Islam have to say about this?"
2012:
1952:
1867:
3818:
3816:
2496:
saw the sibling relationship as an extension of the
1158:
Siblings, half-siblings, and three-quarter siblings
888:
is used in place of agnate). In law (and especially
5463:
5364:
5323:
5274:
5191:
5083:
5043:
4986:
4951:
4916:
4852:
3814:
3812:
3810:
3808:
3806:
3804:
3802:
3800:
3798:
3796:
2745:to one another later in life. This is known as the
2466:
Portrait of Lady Cockburn and her Three Eldest Sons
2227:
loss of their position in the top of the hierarchy.
4142:University of Michigan Health System, October 2006
4045:Jefferson, T.; Herbst, J.H.; McCrae, R.R. (1998).
3782:
3539:Adoption Medicine Clinic – University of Minnesota
2042:
1982:
1927:
736:as they are related by 50% and 25%, respectively.
3898:Society for Personality and Social Psychology Inc
908:share one parent, while the unshared parents are
3960:"Family dynamics, not biology, behind higher IQ"
3602:"Why do half-siblings share 25% of their genes?"
2720:different. McHale and her colleague conducted a
2201:English Men of Science: Their Nature and Nurture
2171:amongst the scientific psychological community.
2043:{\displaystyle \left({\tfrac {1}{2}}\right)^{2}}
1983:{\displaystyle \left({\tfrac {1}{2}}\right)^{0}}
4120:University of Michigan Health System, June 2006
725:, and personal experiences outside the family.
4237:
4235:
4233:
4231:
4229:
4227:
4225:
4223:
4221:
4219:
4217:
4215:
3258:"Donor siblings: do the ties of blood matter?"
4787:
4355:
4353:
4317:
4315:
4313:
4311:
4283:
4281:
4279:
4277:
4275:
4273:
4213:
4211:
4209:
4207:
4205:
4203:
4201:
4199:
4197:
4195:
3853:
3851:
3849:
632:
8:
4505:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
4164:Annie McNerney and Joy Usner, 30 April 2001.
3463:"Sibling Issues in Foster Care and Adoption"
2885:
2883:
2881:
4594:
4592:
4590:
4588:
4586:
4150:
4148:
4128:
4126:
2366:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1000:or the godchildren of the father or mother.
5271:
4794:
4780:
4772:
4033:Birth order: Its influence on personality.
3630:"Coefficient of relationship – ISOGG Wiki"
2694:Parental management techniques of conflict
1388:
1154:
1028:
818:was reintroduced in 1903 in an article in
639:
625:
191:
48:
18:
4664:
4428:
3742:
3690:"How related are three-fourths siblings?"
3232:
3214:
3173:
3155:
3073:
2928:. BlueCross BlueShield of Tennessee, Inc.
2922:"First, Second and Third Degree Relative"
2386:Learn how and when to remove this message
2258:Contemporary explanations for IQ findings
2183:'s (1822–1911) theory of birth order and
2062:, or parent and child, making them half-
2034:
2018:
2011:
1974:
1958:
1951:
1919:
1903:
1889:
1873:
1866:
790:Learn how and when to remove this message
4080:: Why children turn out the way they do.
986:are children who are raised in the same
3825:"Does Birth Order Affect Intelligence?"
2877:
2715:Gender roles among children and parents
2533:Attachment theory § Attachment patterns
666:is a relative that shares at least one
253:
185:
110:
51:
21:
4498:
4458:Research in Developmental Disabilities
4175:"Freud Lecture: Juliet Mitchell, 2003"
1829:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1775:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1674:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1508:
1454:
1451:
1422:
1417:
1400:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1332:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1296:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1232:
1230:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1073:
1054:
1047:
1040:
7:
3941:The Journal of Individual Psychology
3879:The Journal of Individual Psychology
3860:The Journal of Individual Psychology
3688:Benitez, Cecil (29 September 2011).
3600:Starr, D. Barry (5 September 2013).
2504:explain sibling rivalry in terms of
2484:where one child victimizes another.
2443:University of Michigan Health System
2364:adding citations to reliable sources
2159:Birth order is commonly believed in
772:adding citations to reliable sources
4637:, 5th edn. London: Macmillan, 1921.
4522:Journal of Child and Family Studies
3735:10.1146/annurev-genet-111212-133258
3508:Butterfield, Janelle (2013-12-28).
3106:"Marriage: legitimacy and adoption"
2971:"On the laws of inheritance in man"
2948:University of Alabama at Birmingham
2890:Mersky Leder, Jane (Jan–Feb 1993).
4092:The Effects of Sibling Competition
4051:Journal of Research in Personality
4031:Ernst, C. & Angst, J. (1983).
3483:Pelegrino, Elton N. (2022-01-20).
1381:Donna and David are full siblings.
954:are raised by a person who is the
824:, as a translation for the German
686:. A person with no siblings is an
14:
3958:Carey, Benedict (June 21, 2007).
3470:Child Welfare Information Gateway
2480:; however, it is not the same as
4719:
4302:10.1111/J.1467-9507.2007.00435.x
3278:– via www.theguardian.com.
3256:Jolly, Alice (21 January 2017).
3062:Twin Research and Human Genetics
2940:"CONSANGUINITY / AFFINITY CHART"
2336:
748:
22:
3568:Shafer, Aaron (17 March 2006).
3296:. 12 April 2019. Archived from
904:, but still exists in Florida.
759:needs additional citations for
728:Medically, a full-sibling is a
5299:Genealogical numbering systems
3999:Politics and the Life Sciences
2563:Regulated Exploration Children
2435:American Academy of Pediatrics
701:(female sibling) carrying her
1:
5438:International Day of Families
5098:Australian Aboriginal kinship
4666:10.1525/aa.1970.72.3.02a00010
4635:The history of human marriage
2703:Long-term effects of presence
948:from a previous relationship.
4362:Journal of Family Psychology
3964:International Herald Tribune
2659:Negative effects of conflict
2328:Regressive behavior at birth
2143:with his sisters Princesses
1032:Siblings and half-siblings
1006:are children who have been
5558:
4633:Westermarck, E.A. (1921).
4470:10.1016/j.ridd.2019.103525
3216:10.1038/s41437-020-00392-8
2571:Approach-Avoidant Children
2530:
2519:
2502:Evolutionary psychologists
2453:
2114:
1853:Consanguinity and genetics
935:Related through affinity:
650:
5399:National Grandparents Day
4809:
4569:10.1080/00223989909599759
4557:The Journal of Psychology
4534:10.1007/s10826-013-9741-2
4011:10.1017/S0730938400014842
3723:Annual Review of Genetics
3443:www.collinsdictionary.com
2667:Sibling physical conflict
2055:coefficient of inbreeding
1773:
1771:
1755:
1753:
1745:
1743:
1727:
1725:
1717:
1715:
1672:
1662:
1657:
1647:
1642:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1578:
1576:
1568:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1540:
1524:
1520:
1514:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1330:
1328:
1320:
1318:
1310:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1228:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1177:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1099:
1097:
1089:
1085:
1079:
1065:
1063:
1052:
1050:
1045:
1043:
670:with the other person. A
657:Siblings (disambiguation)
4692:Kluger, Jeffrey (2012).
4409:Developmental Psychology
3910:10.1177/0146167205279581
3765:Calculated based on the
3667:10.1037/0882-7974.3.1.43
3419:dictionary.cambridge.org
3395:dictionary.cambridge.org
3371:dictionary.cambridge.org
3347:dictionary.cambridge.org
3323:dictionary.cambridge.org
3157:10.3389/fgene.2019.00341
1996:genetics and environment
996:are the children of the
732:and a half-sibling is a
5491:Sociology of the family
5341:Philia (brotherly love)
4917:Second-degree relatives
4764:Encyclopædia Britannica
4744:Encyclopædia Britannica
4653:American Anthropologist
4647:Arthur P. Wolf (1970).
4613:10.1111/1467-8624.00072
4256:10.1111/1467-8624.00425
2892:"Adult Sibling Rivalry"
2756:system and the Chinese
2446:questions or concerns.
2263:Resource dilution model
2082:Percentage distribution
5346:Storge (familial love)
4952:Third-degree relatives
4854:First-degree relatives
4078:The Nurture Assumption
4063:10.1006/jrpe.1998.2233
3128:Fla. Stat. s. 732.105.
3011:Elizabeth Grace Wang.
2776:List of sibling groups
2668:
2473:
2419:
2407:
2152:
2132:
2097:homologous chromosomes
2044:
1984:
1929:
998:godfather or godmother
910:first-degree relatives
906:Three-quarter siblings
880:paternal half-siblings
872:maternal half-siblings
811:
734:second-degree relative
706:
655:. For other uses, see
5455:National Adoption Day
5331:Agape (parental love)
4082:New York: Free Press.
4075:Harris, J.R. (1998).
3985:American Psychologist
3533:nivens (2015-01-09).
3144:Frontiers in Genetics
2666:
2520:Further information:
2463:
2413:
2401:
2240:Contemporary findings
2138:
2124:
2101:chromosomal crossover
2088:chromosomal crossover
2045:
1985:
1930:
805:
730:first-degree relative
696:
447:Emotions and feelings
5511:Dysfunctional family
5496:Museum of Motherhood
5443:National Family Week
5309:Quarters of nobility
4728:at Wikimedia Commons
3785:Psychology Around Us
3695:The Tech Interactive
3655:Psychology and Aging
3607:The Tech Interactive
3575:The Tech Interactive
2902:on December 11, 2012
2786:Sibling estrangement
2781:Sibling relationship
2522:Sibling relationship
2360:improve this section
2130:Peder Severin Krøyer
2126:The Benzon Daughters
2010:
1950:
1865:
898:intestate succession
768:improve this article
653:Siblings (TV series)
5542:Kinship and descent
5481:Wedding anniversary
5433:American Family Day
5389:Father–Daughter Day
5336:Eros (marital love)
5085:Kinship terminology
3767:normal distribution
3075:10.1017/thg.2013.83
3038:The Free Dictionary
2829:symmetric relations
2612:Malleable Theorists
2582:Disruptive Children
2506:parental investment
2099:swap genes (due to
931:Non-blood relations
882:. In law, the term
601:Narcissistic parent
5241:collateral descent
4336:10.1111/cdev.12022
4290:Social Development
4160:2017-10-15 at the
4138:2017-06-30 at the
4116:2020-08-07 at the
4097:2007-07-01 at the
3829:Human Intelligence
3698:. Ask a Geneticist
3610:. Ask a Geneticist
3578:. Ask a Geneticist
3294:Vancouver Magazine
3018:. pp. 35–36.
2747:Westermarck Effect
2739:Edvard Westermarck
2733:Westermarck effect
2722:longitudinal study
2669:
2474:
2420:
2408:
2318:Judith Rich Harris
2314:Literature reviews
2153:
2141:Pedro II of Brazil
2133:
2040:
2028:
1980:
1968:
1925:
1913:
1883:
812:
806:Two brothers from
707:
419:marital separation
5519:
5518:
5319:
5318:
5236:Lineal descendant
5206:Bilateral descent
4959:Great-grandparent
4844:Matrifocal family
4724:Media related to
4601:Child Development
4324:Child Development
4244:Child Development
2849:Significant other
2758:shim-pua marriage
2743:sexual attraction
2605:Implicit theories
2396:
2395:
2388:
2169:pseudo-psychology
2091:less than 47.8%.
2027:
1967:
1912:
1882:
1850:
1849:
1836:
1835:
1387:
1386:
1376:
1375:
1153:
1152:
1144:
1143:
952:Adoptive siblings
800:
799:
792:
649:
648:
606:Power and control
330:
329:
326:
325:
198:Significant other
178:Mixed-orientation
38:
5549:
5501:Astronaut family
5272:
5173:Iroquois kinship
5163:Sudanese kinship
5158:Hawaiian kinship
5133:Family of choice
4964:Great-grandchild
4839:Immediate family
4796:
4789:
4782:
4773:
4768:
4760:
4748:
4740:
4723:
4709:
4679:
4678:
4668:
4644:
4638:
4631:
4625:
4624:
4596:
4581:
4580:
4552:
4546:
4545:
4517:
4511:
4510:
4504:
4496:
4494:
4492:
4449:
4443:
4442:
4432:
4421:10.1037/a0033207
4400:
4394:
4393:
4374:10.1037/a0036990
4357:
4348:
4347:
4319:
4306:
4305:
4285:
4268:
4267:
4239:
4190:
4189:
4187:
4186:
4177:. Archived from
4171:
4165:
4152:
4143:
4130:
4121:
4111:New Baby Sibling
4108:
4102:
4089:
4083:
4073:
4067:
4066:
4042:
4036:
4029:
4023:
4022:
3994:
3988:
3981:
3975:
3974:
3972:
3970:
3955:
3949:
3948:
3936:
3930:
3929:
3893:
3887:
3886:
3874:
3868:
3867:
3855:
3844:
3843:
3841:
3840:
3831:. Archived from
3820:
3791:
3790:
3788:
3778:
3769:
3763:
3757:
3756:
3746:
3714:
3708:
3707:
3705:
3703:
3685:
3679:
3678:
3650:
3644:
3643:
3641:
3640:
3626:
3620:
3619:
3617:
3615:
3597:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3583:
3565:
3554:
3553:
3551:
3550:
3541:. Archived from
3530:
3524:
3523:
3521:
3520:
3505:
3499:
3498:
3496:
3495:
3480:
3474:
3473:
3467:
3459:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3449:
3435:
3429:
3428:
3426:
3425:
3415:"foster brother"
3411:
3405:
3404:
3402:
3401:
3387:
3381:
3380:
3378:
3377:
3363:
3357:
3356:
3354:
3353:
3339:
3333:
3332:
3330:
3329:
3319:"brother-in-law"
3315:
3309:
3308:
3306:
3305:
3286:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3276:
3253:
3247:
3246:
3236:
3218:
3194:
3188:
3187:
3177:
3159:
3135:
3129:
3126:
3120:
3119:
3117:
3116:
3102:
3096:
3095:
3077:
3053:
3047:
3046:
3045:
3044:
3030:
3024:
3023:
3017:
3008:
3002:
3001:
2959:
2953:
2952:
2944:
2936:
2930:
2929:
2918:
2912:
2911:
2909:
2907:
2898:. Archived from
2896:Psychology Today
2887:
2771:Immediate family
2578:-Clingy Children
2428:security blanket
2406:and his brothers
2391:
2384:
2380:
2377:
2371:
2340:
2332:
2282:Confluence model
2049:
2047:
2046:
2041:
2039:
2038:
2033:
2029:
2020:
1989:
1987:
1986:
1981:
1979:
1978:
1973:
1969:
1960:
1934:
1932:
1931:
1926:
1924:
1923:
1918:
1914:
1905:
1894:
1893:
1888:
1884:
1875:
1398:
1397:
1389:
1164:
1163:
1155:
1038:
1037:
1029:
983:
982:
795:
788:
784:
781:
775:
752:
744:
641:
634:
627:
192:
49:
32:
26:
19:
5557:
5556:
5552:
5551:
5550:
5548:
5547:
5546:
5522:
5521:
5520:
5515:
5459:
5360:
5315:
5304:Seize quartiers
5270:
5211:Common ancestor
5195:
5187:
5153:Chinese kinship
5148:Nurture kinship
5138:Fictive kinship
5079:
5039:
5028:daughter-in-law
4982:
4947:
4912:
4848:
4834:Conjugal family
4829:Extended family
4805:
4800:
4758:"Brother"
4751:
4731:
4716:
4706:
4691:
4688:
4686:Further reading
4683:
4682:
4646:
4645:
4641:
4632:
4628:
4598:
4597:
4584:
4554:
4553:
4549:
4519:
4518:
4514:
4497:
4490:
4488:
4451:
4450:
4446:
4402:
4401:
4397:
4359:
4358:
4351:
4321:
4320:
4309:
4287:
4286:
4271:
4241:
4240:
4193:
4184:
4182:
4173:
4172:
4168:
4162:Wayback Machine
4153:
4146:
4140:Wayback Machine
4133:Sibling Rivalry
4131:
4124:
4118:Wayback Machine
4109:
4105:
4099:Wayback Machine
4090:
4086:
4074:
4070:
4044:
4043:
4039:
4030:
4026:
3996:
3995:
3991:
3982:
3978:
3968:
3966:
3957:
3956:
3952:
3938:
3937:
3933:
3895:
3894:
3890:
3876:
3875:
3871:
3857:
3856:
3847:
3838:
3836:
3823:Esping, Amber.
3822:
3821:
3794:
3780:
3779:
3772:
3764:
3760:
3716:
3715:
3711:
3701:
3699:
3687:
3686:
3682:
3652:
3651:
3647:
3638:
3636:
3628:
3627:
3623:
3613:
3611:
3599:
3598:
3591:
3581:
3579:
3567:
3566:
3557:
3548:
3546:
3535:"Consanguinity"
3532:
3531:
3527:
3518:
3516:
3507:
3506:
3502:
3493:
3491:
3482:
3481:
3477:
3465:
3461:
3460:
3456:
3447:
3445:
3437:
3436:
3432:
3423:
3421:
3413:
3412:
3408:
3399:
3397:
3389:
3388:
3384:
3375:
3373:
3365:
3364:
3360:
3351:
3349:
3343:"sister-in-law"
3341:
3340:
3336:
3327:
3325:
3317:
3316:
3312:
3303:
3301:
3288:
3287:
3283:
3274:
3272:
3255:
3254:
3250:
3196:
3195:
3191:
3137:
3136:
3132:
3127:
3123:
3114:
3112:
3104:
3103:
3099:
3055:
3054:
3050:
3042:
3040:
3032:
3031:
3027:
3015:
3010:
3009:
3005:
2987:10.2307/2331507
2961:
2960:
2956:
2942:
2938:
2937:
2933:
2920:
2919:
2915:
2905:
2903:
2889:
2888:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2766:
2737:Anthropologist
2735:
2717:
2705:
2696:
2661:
2648:
2635:
2626:
2617:Fixed Theorists
2607:
2590:
2588:Parental effect
2558:
2535:
2529:
2524:
2518:
2498:Oedipus complex
2471:Joshua Reynolds
2469:(1773–1775) by
2458:
2456:Sibling rivalry
2452:
2392:
2381:
2375:
2372:
2357:
2341:
2330:
2284:
2265:
2260:
2242:
2223:
2197:
2177:
2119:
2113:
2084:
2014:
2013:
2008:
2007:
1954:
1953:
1948:
1947:
1944:identical twins
1940:Fraternal twins
1899:
1898:
1869:
1868:
1863:
1862:
1855:
1844:
1842:
1382:
980:
979:
963:Siblings-in-law
933:
796:
785:
779:
776:
765:
753:
742:
715:emotional bonds
705:(male sibling).
660:
645:
616:
615:
576:
566:
565:
551:Sexual activity
514:
506:
505:
449:
439:
438:
405:
397:
396:
340:
332:
331:
322:
298:
284:Mutual monogamy
165:
144:
46:
31:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5555:
5553:
5545:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5524:
5523:
5517:
5516:
5514:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5467:
5465:
5461:
5460:
5458:
5457:
5452:
5451:
5450:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5429:
5428:
5418:
5417:
5416:
5409:Children's Day
5406:
5401:
5396:
5391:
5386:
5381:
5380:
5379:
5368:
5366:
5362:
5361:
5359:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5327:
5325:
5321:
5320:
5317:
5316:
5314:
5313:
5312:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5291:
5286:
5284:Pedigree chart
5280:
5278:
5269:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5251:Patrilineality
5248:
5246:Matrilineality
5243:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5202:
5200:
5189:
5188:
5186:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5168:Eskimo kinship
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5089:
5087:
5081:
5080:
5078:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5066:
5065:
5060:
5049:
5047:
5041:
5040:
5038:
5037:
5036:
5035:
5030:
5020:
5018:Sibling-in-law
5015:
5010:
5009:
5008:
5003:
4992:
4990:
4984:
4983:
4981:
4980:
4975:
4966:
4961:
4955:
4953:
4949:
4948:
4946:
4945:
4940:
4931:
4926:
4920:
4918:
4914:
4913:
4911:
4910:
4909:
4908:
4903:
4893:
4892:
4891:
4886:
4876:
4875:
4874:
4869:
4858:
4856:
4850:
4849:
4847:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4824:Nuclear family
4821:
4816:
4810:
4807:
4806:
4801:
4799:
4798:
4791:
4784:
4776:
4770:
4769:
4755:, ed. (1911).
4753:Chisholm, Hugh
4749:
4738:"Sister"
4735:, ed. (1911).
4733:Chisholm, Hugh
4729:
4715:
4714:External links
4712:
4711:
4710:
4705:978-1594486111
4704:
4687:
4684:
4681:
4680:
4659:(3): 503–515.
4639:
4626:
4607:(4): 990–994.
4582:
4563:(5): 514–522.
4547:
4528:(5): 737–745.
4512:
4444:
4415:(2): 600–610.
4395:
4368:(4): 529–537.
4349:
4330:(3): 938–954.
4307:
4296:(3): 488–511.
4269:
4250:(2): 581–600.
4191:
4166:
4144:
4122:
4103:
4084:
4068:
4057:(4): 498–509.
4037:
4024:
4005:(2): 211–245.
3989:
3976:
3950:
3931:
3904:(1): 117–127.
3888:
3869:
3845:
3792:
3770:
3758:
3709:
3680:
3645:
3621:
3589:
3555:
3525:
3500:
3489:www.nnc.gov.ph
3475:
3454:
3430:
3406:
3382:
3358:
3334:
3310:
3281:
3248:
3209:(3): 537–547.
3189:
3130:
3121:
3097:
3048:
3025:
3003:
2954:
2931:
2913:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2867:
2866:
2865:
2860:
2846:
2844:Sibling-in-law
2841:
2836:
2825:
2824:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2806:Multiple birth
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2734:
2731:
2716:
2713:
2704:
2701:
2695:
2692:
2660:
2657:
2647:
2644:
2634:
2631:
2625:
2624:Different ages
2622:
2606:
2603:
2589:
2586:
2557:
2554:
2528:
2525:
2517:
2514:
2454:Main article:
2451:
2448:
2414:Four Sisters (
2394:
2393:
2344:
2342:
2335:
2329:
2326:
2305:Frank Sulloway
2301:
2300:
2297:
2294:
2283:
2280:
2279:
2278:
2275:
2272:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2217:
2214:
2211:
2196:
2193:
2181:Francis Galton
2176:
2173:
2161:pop psychology
2115:Main article:
2112:
2109:
2083:
2080:
2037:
2032:
2026:
2023:
2017:
1977:
1972:
1966:
1963:
1957:
1922:
1917:
1911:
1908:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1881:
1878:
1872:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1847:
1838:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1394:
1393:
1385:
1384:
1378:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1348:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1160:
1159:
1151:
1150:
1146:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1034:
1033:
1027:
1026:
1022:Cross-siblings
1019:
1001:
991:
972:
971:
959:
949:
932:
929:
798:
797:
756:
754:
747:
741:
738:
647:
646:
644:
643:
636:
629:
621:
618:
617:
614:
613:
608:
603:
598:
593:
588:
583:
577:
572:
571:
568:
567:
564:
563:
558:
553:
548:
543:
538:
537:
536:
531:
526:
515:
512:
511:
508:
507:
504:
503:
498:
493:
492:
491:
486:
476:
471:
466:
461:
456:
450:
445:
444:
441:
440:
437:
436:
431:
426:
421:
412:
406:
403:
402:
399:
398:
395:
394:
389:
384:
379:
374:
369:
368:
367:
365:Bachelor's Day
357:
352:
347:
341:
338:
337:
334:
333:
328:
327:
324:
323:
321:
320:
315:
310:
305:
299:
297:
296:
291:
286:
281:
276:
271:
265:
262:
261:
251:
250:
249:
248:
230:
225:
220:
215:
210:
205:
200:
188:
187:
183:
182:
181:
180:
175:
174:
173:
171:Group marriage
164:
163:
162:
161:
156:
145:
143:
142:
137:
136:
135:
130:
119:
116:
115:
108:
107:
106:
105:
100:
95:
90:
89:
88:
83:
73:
68:
60:
59:
47:
44:
43:
40:
39:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5554:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5529:
5527:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5471:Single parent
5469:
5468:
5466:
5462:
5456:
5453:
5449:
5446:
5445:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5427:
5424:
5423:
5422:
5419:
5415:
5412:
5411:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5378:
5375:
5374:
5373:
5370:
5369:
5367:
5363:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5328:
5326:
5324:Relationships
5322:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5296:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5281:
5279:
5277:
5273:
5267:
5266:Royal descent
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5203:
5201:
5199:
5194:
5190:
5184:
5183:Omaha kinship
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5113:Consanguinity
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5090:
5088:
5086:
5082:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5055:
5054:
5051:
5050:
5048:
5046:
5042:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5025:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5013:Parent-in-law
5011:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4998:
4997:
4994:
4993:
4991:
4989:
4988:Family-in-law
4985:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4956:
4954:
4950:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4921:
4919:
4915:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4898:
4897:
4894:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4881:
4880:
4877:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4864:
4863:
4860:
4859:
4857:
4855:
4851:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4811:
4808:
4804:
4797:
4792:
4790:
4785:
4783:
4778:
4777:
4774:
4766:
4765:
4759:
4754:
4750:
4746:
4745:
4739:
4734:
4730:
4727:
4722:
4718:
4717:
4713:
4707:
4701:
4697:
4696:
4690:
4689:
4685:
4676:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4658:
4654:
4650:
4643:
4640:
4636:
4630:
4627:
4622:
4618:
4614:
4610:
4606:
4602:
4595:
4593:
4591:
4589:
4587:
4583:
4578:
4574:
4570:
4566:
4562:
4558:
4551:
4548:
4543:
4539:
4535:
4531:
4527:
4523:
4516:
4513:
4508:
4502:
4487:
4483:
4479:
4475:
4471:
4467:
4463:
4459:
4455:
4448:
4445:
4440:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4422:
4418:
4414:
4410:
4406:
4399:
4396:
4391:
4387:
4383:
4379:
4375:
4371:
4367:
4363:
4356:
4354:
4350:
4345:
4341:
4337:
4333:
4329:
4325:
4318:
4316:
4314:
4312:
4308:
4303:
4299:
4295:
4291:
4284:
4282:
4280:
4278:
4276:
4274:
4270:
4265:
4261:
4257:
4253:
4249:
4245:
4238:
4236:
4234:
4232:
4230:
4228:
4226:
4224:
4222:
4220:
4218:
4216:
4214:
4212:
4210:
4208:
4206:
4204:
4202:
4200:
4198:
4196:
4192:
4181:on 2012-02-04
4180:
4176:
4170:
4167:
4163:
4159:
4156:
4151:
4149:
4145:
4141:
4137:
4134:
4129:
4127:
4123:
4119:
4115:
4112:
4107:
4104:
4100:
4096:
4093:
4088:
4085:
4081:
4079:
4072:
4069:
4064:
4060:
4056:
4052:
4048:
4041:
4038:
4034:
4028:
4025:
4020:
4016:
4012:
4008:
4004:
4000:
3993:
3990:
3986:
3980:
3977:
3965:
3961:
3954:
3951:
3946:
3942:
3935:
3932:
3927:
3923:
3919:
3915:
3911:
3907:
3903:
3899:
3892:
3889:
3884:
3880:
3873:
3870:
3865:
3861:
3854:
3852:
3850:
3846:
3835:on 2020-02-14
3834:
3830:
3826:
3819:
3817:
3815:
3813:
3811:
3809:
3807:
3805:
3803:
3801:
3799:
3797:
3793:
3787:
3786:
3777:
3775:
3771:
3768:
3762:
3759:
3754:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3736:
3732:
3728:
3724:
3720:
3713:
3710:
3697:
3696:
3691:
3684:
3681:
3676:
3672:
3668:
3664:
3660:
3656:
3649:
3646:
3635:
3631:
3625:
3622:
3609:
3608:
3603:
3596:
3594:
3590:
3577:
3576:
3571:
3564:
3562:
3560:
3556:
3545:on 2021-03-05
3544:
3540:
3536:
3529:
3526:
3515:
3511:
3504:
3501:
3490:
3486:
3479:
3476:
3471:
3464:
3458:
3455:
3444:
3440:
3434:
3431:
3420:
3416:
3410:
3407:
3396:
3392:
3386:
3383:
3372:
3368:
3362:
3359:
3348:
3344:
3338:
3335:
3324:
3320:
3314:
3311:
3300:on 2019-08-02
3299:
3295:
3291:
3285:
3282:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3252:
3249:
3244:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3226:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3200:
3193:
3190:
3185:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3149:
3145:
3141:
3134:
3131:
3125:
3122:
3111:
3110:UK Parliament
3107:
3101:
3098:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3052:
3049:
3039:
3035:
3029:
3026:
3022:
3014:
3007:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2963:Pearson, Karl
2958:
2955:
2950:
2949:
2941:
2935:
2932:
2927:
2926:www.bcbst.com
2923:
2917:
2914:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2886:
2884:
2882:
2878:
2871:
2864:
2861:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2831:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2811:List of twins
2809:
2808:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2768:
2763:
2761:
2759:
2755:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2732:
2730:
2728:
2723:
2714:
2712:
2710:
2709:only children
2702:
2700:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2665:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2645:
2643:
2639:
2632:
2630:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2613:
2604:
2602:
2598:
2596:
2587:
2585:
2583:
2579:
2577:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2534:
2526:
2523:
2516:Relationships
2515:
2513:
2511:
2510:kin selection
2507:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2494:Sigmund Freud
2489:
2485:
2483:
2482:sibling abuse
2479:
2472:
2468:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2439:
2436:
2431:
2429:
2423:
2418:, about 1900)
2417:
2412:
2405:
2400:
2390:
2387:
2379:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2355:
2354:
2350:
2345:This section
2343:
2339:
2334:
2333:
2327:
2325:
2321:
2319:
2315:
2310:
2309:Born To Rebel
2306:
2298:
2295:
2292:
2291:
2290:
2288:
2287:Robert Zajonc
2281:
2276:
2273:
2270:
2269:
2268:
2262:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2246:
2239:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2224:
2220:
2215:
2212:
2209:
2208:Primogeniture
2206:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2157:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2137:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2118:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2092:
2089:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2035:
2030:
2024:
2021:
2015:
2004:
2002:
1997:
1993:
1975:
1970:
1964:
1961:
1955:
1945:
1941:
1936:
1920:
1915:
1909:
1906:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1879:
1876:
1870:
1859:
1858:Consanguinity
1852:
1840:
1839:
1833:
1780:
1778:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1678:
1633:
1630:
1614:
1612:
1604:
1602:
1594:
1592:
1591:
1566:
1542:
1522:
1518:
1516:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1476:
1474:
1460:
1458:
1457:
1399:
1396:
1395:
1391:
1390:
1380:
1379:
1373:
1349:
1346:
1338:
1336:
1335:
1308:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1281:
1257:
1254:
1238:
1236:
1235:
1226:
1218:
1216:
1208:
1206:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1193:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1157:
1156:
1148:
1147:
1141:
1122:
1119:
1111:
1109:
1108:
1087:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1061:
1059:
1058:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1031:
1030:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1004:Milk siblings
1002:
999:
995:
992:
989:
985:
977:
976:
975:
974:Not related:
969:
965:
964:
960:
957:
953:
950:
947:
943:
942:
938:
937:
936:
930:
928:
926:
922:
918:
914:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
886:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
864:half-brothers
861:
857:
856:Half-siblings
853:
850:
849:twin language
846:
842:
838:
834:
833:full-siblings
829:
827:
823:
822:
817:
809:
804:
794:
791:
783:
773:
769:
763:
762:
757:This section
755:
751:
746:
745:
739:
737:
735:
731:
726:
724:
720:
716:
712:
704:
700:
695:
691:
689:
685:
682:sibling is a
681:
677:
674:sibling is a
673:
669:
665:
658:
654:
642:
637:
635:
630:
628:
623:
622:
620:
619:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
578:
575:
570:
569:
562:
559:
557:
556:Transgression
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
521:
520:
517:
516:
510:
509:
502:
499:
497:
494:
490:
489:Unconditional
487:
485:
482:
481:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
451:
448:
443:
442:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
416:
413:
411:
408:
407:
401:
400:
393:
390:
388:
387:Singles event
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
366:
363:
362:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
348:
346:
343:
342:
336:
335:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
300:
295:
292:
290:
287:
285:
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
270:
267:
266:
264:
263:
260:
256:
252:
246:
242:
238:
234:
231:
229:
228:Queerplatonic
226:
224:
221:
219:
216:
214:
211:
209:
206:
204:
201:
199:
196:
195:
194:
193:
190:
189:
184:
179:
176:
172:
169:
168:
167:
166:
160:
157:
155:
152:
151:
150:
147:
146:
141:
140:Open marriage
138:
134:
131:
129:
126:
125:
124:
121:
120:
118:
117:
114:
109:
104:
101:
99:
96:
94:
91:
87:
84:
82:
79:
78:
77:
74:
72:
69:
67:
64:
63:
62:
61:
58:
54:
50:
42:
41:
36:
30:
29:Relationships
25:
20:
5404:Parents' Day
5394:Siblings Day
5384:Father's Day
5372:Mother's Day
5356:Polyfidelity
5351:Filial piety
5276:Family trees
5178:Crow kinship
5128:Estrangement
5023:Child-in-law
4943:Niece/Nephew
4895:
4762:
4742:
4694:
4656:
4652:
4642:
4634:
4629:
4604:
4600:
4560:
4556:
4550:
4525:
4521:
4515:
4501:cite journal
4489:. Retrieved
4461:
4457:
4447:
4412:
4408:
4398:
4365:
4361:
4327:
4323:
4293:
4289:
4247:
4243:
4183:. Retrieved
4179:the original
4169:
4106:
4087:
4076:
4071:
4054:
4050:
4040:
4032:
4027:
4002:
3998:
3992:
3984:
3979:
3967:. Retrieved
3963:
3953:
3944:
3940:
3934:
3901:
3897:
3891:
3882:
3878:
3872:
3866:(1): 75–106.
3863:
3859:
3837:. Retrieved
3833:the original
3828:
3784:
3761:
3726:
3722:
3712:
3700:. Retrieved
3693:
3683:
3661:(1): 43–50.
3658:
3654:
3648:
3637:. Retrieved
3633:
3624:
3612:. Retrieved
3605:
3580:. Retrieved
3573:
3547:. Retrieved
3543:the original
3538:
3528:
3517:. Retrieved
3514:the Guardian
3513:
3503:
3492:. Retrieved
3488:
3478:
3469:
3457:
3446:. Retrieved
3442:
3433:
3422:. Retrieved
3418:
3409:
3398:. Retrieved
3394:
3385:
3374:. Retrieved
3370:
3367:"co-brother"
3361:
3350:. Retrieved
3346:
3337:
3326:. Retrieved
3322:
3313:
3302:. Retrieved
3298:the original
3293:
3284:
3273:. Retrieved
3262:The Guardian
3261:
3251:
3206:
3202:
3192:
3147:
3143:
3133:
3124:
3113:. Retrieved
3109:
3100:
3068:(1): 27–37.
3065:
3061:
3051:
3041:, retrieved
3037:
3028:
3019:
3006:
2998:
2978:
2974:
2957:
2946:
2934:
2925:
2916:
2906:November 28,
2904:. Retrieved
2900:the original
2895:
2801:Step-sibling
2791:Siblings Day
2736:
2718:
2706:
2697:
2670:
2652:social skill
2649:
2640:
2636:
2627:
2616:
2611:
2608:
2599:
2591:
2581:
2574:
2570:
2562:
2559:
2536:
2490:
2486:
2475:
2464:
2440:
2432:
2424:
2421:
2416:Frank Eugene
2382:
2373:
2358:Please help
2346:
2322:
2308:
2302:
2285:
2266:
2247:
2243:
2200:
2199:In his book
2198:
2189:Alfred Adler
2178:
2158:
2154:
2125:
2093:
2085:
2052:
2005:
1992:Twin studies
1937:
1856:
1021:
1012:milk kinship
1003:
994:God siblings
993:
978:
973:
967:
961:
951:
941:Stepsiblings
939:
934:
921:donated eggs
915:
905:
883:
879:
878:siblings or
875:
871:
870:siblings or
867:
863:
860:half-sisters
859:
855:
854:
840:
836:
832:
831:Siblings or
830:
825:
819:
815:
813:
786:
777:
766:Please help
761:verification
758:
727:
708:
663:
661:
294:Polyfidelity
279:Non-monogamy
223:Life partner
213:Cohabitation
97:
5231:Inheritance
5216:Family name
5075:Stepsibling
4969:Great-uncle
4924:Grandparent
4698:. Penguin.
3947:(1): 60–61.
3391:"co-sister"
2687:risk factor
2165:personality
2117:Birth order
2111:Birth order
1016:Islamic law
988:foster home
890:inheritance
885:consanguine
826:Geschwister
740:Definitions
723:personality
719:birth order
711:foster care
519:Bride price
377:Meet market
308:Concubinage
93:Grandparent
5526:Categories
5476:Only child
5421:Family Day
5294:Ahnentafel
5256:Progenitor
5118:Disownment
5063:stepmother
5058:stepfather
5053:Stepparent
5045:Stepfamily
5033:son-in-law
4973:Great-aunt
4929:Grandchild
4464:: 103525.
4185:2007-07-15
3987:, Vol. 55.
3839:2014-11-15
3639:2021-03-02
3549:2021-03-02
3519:2018-10-29
3494:2023-06-22
3448:2021-03-10
3424:2021-03-10
3400:2021-03-10
3376:2021-03-10
3352:2021-03-10
3328:2021-03-10
3304:2019-08-02
3275:2019-08-02
3115:2015-08-03
3043:2023-06-22
2981:(4): 369.
2975:Biometrika
2967:Lee, Alice
2872:References
2857:girlfriend
2727:confounder
2682:self-worth
2680:, lack of
2678:depression
2548:, relief,
2531:See also:
2478:aggression
968:co-sibling
946:stepparent
894:common law
821:Biometrika
780:April 2023
688:only child
561:Repression
546:Infidelity
459:Attachment
360:Engagement
339:Activities
233:Friendship
208:Girlfriend
186:Partner(s)
5486:Godparent
5193:Genealogy
5070:Stepchild
4819:Household
4542:144899282
4486:209385053
4035:Springer.
4019:233320874
3729:: 75–95.
3634:isogg.org
3270:0261-3077
3225:1365-2540
3166:1664-8021
2853:boyfriend
2796:Sladdbarn
2376:July 2008
2347:does not
2145:Francisca
2001:heritable
814:The word
541:Hypergamy
513:Practices
501:Sexuality
474:Limerence
434:Widowhood
424:Annulment
350:Courtship
313:Courtesan
289:Polyamory
241:cross-sex
203:Boyfriend
154:Polyandry
5365:Holidays
5289:Genogram
5226:Heredity
5221:Heirloom
5143:Marriage
5108:Affinity
5103:Adoption
4889:daughter
4726:Siblings
4621:10446731
4577:10507140
4478:31838314
4439:23772819
4390:44281287
4382:24866727
4344:23278528
4264:11949910
4158:Archived
4136:Archived
4114:Archived
4095:Archived
3969:July 15,
3918:16317193
3789:. Wiley.
3753:23988118
3702:5 August
3614:5 August
3582:5 August
3243:33452467
3203:Heredity
3184:31068965
3092:31514697
3084:24330841
2969:(1903).
2764:See also
2633:Conflict
2538:Jealousy
2527:Jealousy
2307:’s book
2185:eminence
2149:Januária
2139:Emperor
1675:Magnolea
984:siblings
956:adoptive
917:Diblings
841:brothers
678:, and a
611:Stalking
591:Domestic
484:Platonic
469:Jealousy
464:Intimacy
454:Affinity
318:Mistress
303:Cicisbeo
274:Monogamy
255:Intimate
237:romantic
218:Same-sex
159:Polygyny
149:Polygamy
113:marriage
57:adoptive
5532:Sibling
5464:Related
5198:lineage
5123:Divorce
5093:Kinship
5006:husband
4901:brother
4896:Sibling
4814:History
4430:3797172
3926:5791756
3744:4037293
3675:3268242
3234:8027836
3175:6491861
3150:: 341.
2995:2331507
2816:Triplet
2754:kibbutz
2751:Israeli
2674:anxiety
2595:emotion
2576:Anxious
2556:Newborn
2550:sadness
2450:Rivalry
2404:newborn
2368:removed
2353:sources
2175:History
2105:meiosis
2103:during
2060:cousins
1180:Anthony
1055:Anthony
1014:and in
902:England
868:uterine
837:sisters
816:sibling
703:brother
676:brother
664:sibling
596:Elderly
534:service
496:Passion
429:Divorce
410:Breakup
404:Endings
392:Wedding
382:Romance
345:Bonding
235: (
128:Husband
98:Sibling
66:Kinship
53:Genetic
35:Outline
5537:Family
5506:Incest
5426:Canada
4996:Spouse
4978:Cousin
4906:sister
4872:father
4867:mother
4862:Parent
4803:Family
4702:
4675:672994
4673:
4619:
4575:
4540:
4491:18 May
4484:
4476:
4437:
4427:
4388:
4380:
4342:
4262:
4017:
3924:
3916:
3751:
3741:
3673:
3268:
3241:
3231:
3223:
3182:
3172:
3164:
3090:
3082:
3034:"twin"
2993:
2863:Spouse
2839:Friend
2834:Cousin
2827:Other
2646:Warmth
2567:secure
2195:Galton
2151:, 1839
2076:nephew
1817:Janine
1655:Aserna
1452:Belina
1278:Edwina
1268:Corina
1048:Agatha
1025:other.
1008:nursed
981:Foster
876:agnate
699:sister
684:sister
680:female
668:parent
586:Dating
372:Mating
355:Dating
269:Casual
259:sexual
123:Spouse
103:Cousin
86:mother
81:father
76:Parent
71:Family
5414:Japan
4934:Uncle
4879:Child
4671:JSTOR
4538:S2CID
4482:S2CID
4386:S2CID
4015:S2CID
3922:S2CID
3466:(PDF)
3088:S2CID
3016:(PDF)
2991:JSTOR
2943:(PDF)
2851:(SO;
2546:anger
2221:Adler
2072:niece
2068:uncle
1830:Jakob
1812:Julia
1799:Jaden
1794:Jrake
1665:Agnia
1650:Abram
1645:Venia
1640:Efram
1635:Erika
1418:Abiga
1401:Egres
1366:Frank
1361:Emily
1356:David
1351:Donna
1273:Bobby
1175:Alice
1134:Cyrus
1129:Betty
1124:Bryan
925:sperm
845:Twins
808:Haiti
581:Child
574:Abuse
529:dowry
524:dower
415:Legal
45:Types
5377:U.S.
5261:Clan
5196:and
5001:wife
4938:Aunt
4700:ISBN
4617:PMID
4573:PMID
4507:link
4493:2021
4474:PMID
4435:PMID
4378:PMID
4340:PMID
4260:PMID
3971:2007
3914:PMID
3885:(1).
3749:PMID
3704:2024
3671:PMID
3616:2024
3584:2024
3266:ISSN
3239:PMID
3221:ISSN
3180:PMID
3162:ISSN
3080:PMID
2908:2006
2821:Twin
2542:fear
2508:and
2441:The
2433:The
2351:any
2349:cite
2187:and
2147:and
2070:and
2064:aunt
1670:Bein
1423:Abal
1263:Bert
1041:Adam
672:male
479:Love
257:and
245:zone
133:Wife
4884:son
4661:doi
4609:doi
4565:doi
4561:133
4530:doi
4466:doi
4425:PMC
4417:doi
4370:doi
4332:doi
4298:doi
4252:doi
4059:doi
4007:doi
3906:doi
3739:PMC
3731:doi
3663:doi
3229:PMC
3211:doi
3207:126
3170:PMC
3152:doi
3070:doi
2983:doi
2855:or
2362:by
2251:IQs
2128:by
2050:).
1990:).
1935:).
1660:Zak
923:or
862:or
839:or
770:by
111:By
55:or
5528::
5448:UK
4761:.
4741:.
4669:.
4657:72
4655:.
4651:.
4615:.
4605:70
4603:.
4585:^
4571:.
4559:.
4536:.
4526:22
4524:.
4503:}}
4499:{{
4480:.
4472:.
4462:97
4460:.
4456:.
4433:.
4423:.
4413:50
4411:.
4407:.
4384:.
4376:.
4366:28
4364:.
4352:^
4338:.
4328:84
4326:.
4310:^
4294:17
4292:.
4272:^
4258:.
4248:73
4246:.
4194:^
4147:^
4125:^
4055:32
4053:.
4049:.
4013:.
4003:19
4001:.
3962:.
3945:68
3943:.
3920:.
3912:.
3902:32
3900:.
3883:68
3881:.
3864:68
3862:.
3848:^
3827:.
3795:^
3773:^
3747:.
3737:.
3727:47
3725:.
3721:.
3692:.
3669:.
3657:.
3632:.
3604:.
3592:^
3572:.
3558:^
3537:.
3512:.
3487:.
3468:.
3441:.
3417:.
3393:.
3369:.
3345:.
3321:.
3292:.
3264:.
3260:.
3237:.
3227:.
3219:.
3205:.
3201:.
3178:.
3168:.
3160:.
3148:10
3146:.
3142:.
3108:.
3086:.
3078:.
3066:17
3064:.
3060:.
3036:,
2997:.
2989:.
2977:.
2973:.
2965:;
2945:.
2924:.
2894:.
2880:^
2760:.
2676:,
2544:,
2430:.
2402:A
2078:.
835:(
721:,
697:A
690:.
662:A
243:/
239:/
4971:/
4936:/
4795:e
4788:t
4781:v
4708:.
4677:.
4663::
4623:.
4611::
4579:.
4567::
4544:.
4532::
4509:)
4495:.
4468::
4441:.
4419::
4392:.
4372::
4346:.
4334::
4304:.
4300::
4266:.
4254::
4188:.
4065:.
4061::
4021:.
4009::
3973:.
3928:.
3908::
3842:.
3755:.
3733::
3706:.
3677:.
3665::
3659:3
3642:.
3618:.
3586:.
3552:.
3522:.
3497:.
3451:.
3427:.
3403:.
3379:.
3355:.
3331:.
3307:.
3245:.
3213::
3186:.
3154::
3118:.
3094:.
3072::
2985::
2979:2
2951:.
2910:.
2859:)
2389:)
2383:(
2378:)
2374:(
2370:.
2356:.
2074:-
2066:-
2036:2
2031:)
2025:2
2022:1
2016:(
1976:0
1971:)
1965:2
1962:1
1956:(
1921:2
1916:)
1910:2
1907:1
1901:(
1896:+
1891:2
1886:)
1880:2
1877:1
1871:(
1018:.
970:.
858:(
810:.
793:)
787:(
782:)
778:(
764:.
659:.
640:e
633:t
626:v
417:/
247:)
37:)
33:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
