276:
204:
83:
58:
39:
365:. It is uncommon in northern parts of Bangladesh, Burma, Laos, and northern and central Thailand, and does not normally reach further south in mainland southeast Asia. Migrants have been recorded on Sri Lanka in the past, although on the Indian mainland they are found mainly in the northern regions, with a few records from as far south as
287:
The species differs from the slightly smaller nominate form through its paler upperparts, brown-tinged underparts and a brown stripe through the eye. Compared to R. a. korejewi, it is darker above, has a browner breast, white on the throat and a more obvious brown eyestripe. As indicated above, it
291:
In addition to its distinctive plumage, it has very different vocalisations from the water rail, and it was considered a separate species in early works, including the first edition (1898) of
288:
has different vocalisations to the other forms, and is now usually given full species status, although its behaviour, nest and eggs are identical to those of other subspecies of water rail.
293:
263:. It breeds in northern Mongolia, eastern Siberia, northeast China, Korea and northern Japan, and winters in southeast Asia. It used to be considered a subspecies of the
323:, which is estimated to have diverged from the western forms around 534,000 years ago. The paper also suggested that the differences between the three other races were
986:
1053:
315:(2005). Rasmussen, an expert on Asian birds, also renamed the other forms as the western water rail. Her treatment has gained acceptance, and is followed in
947:
570:
311:
342:
notes, about two per second, and repeated after a short pause. The eastern race does not respond to recorded announcement calls of nominate
1073:
743:
718:
693:
522:
1068:
334:
The call is quite different from that of the water rail. The courtship call, again given throughout the year, is a sharp piping
369:. On arrival in India, rails may be so exhausted that they can be caught by hand. The breeding birds on the Japanese island of
1063:
991:
275:
588:"Phylogenetic and coalescent analysis of three loci suggest that the Water Rail is divisible into two species,
82:
540:"Biogeographic and conservation implications of revised species limits and distributions of South Asian birds"
911:
851:
485:
177:
827:
804:
418:
373:
mostly migrate well south including to Korea but a few remain during winter in the coastal marshes of
903:
760:
465:
319:(2010). A 2010 study of molecular phylogeny further supported the possibility of specific status for
650:"Biology and breeding ecology of the East Asiatic Water Rail on Shunkunitai Island, Hokkaido, Japan"
889:
506:
306:
203:
47:
298:
77:
1012:
978:
739:
714:
689:
649:
627:
566:
518:
338:, longer and clearer than that of the European race. The song is a series of metallic slurred
1017:
661:
617:
607:
510:
413:
916:
1058:
999:
324:
361:
The species is mainly migratory, wintering in southern Japan, eastern China and northern
301:
in the second edition (1929). It was restored as a full species, the eastern water rail,
395:
622:
587:
1047:
973:
404:
67:
62:
539:
193:
926:
38:
1030:
960:
883:
777:
144:
28:
874:
1025:
280:
264:
134:
612:
94:
631:
1004:
868:
370:
260:
114:
952:
898:
666:
487:
The Fauna of
British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Birds, volume 6
467:
The Fauna of
British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Birds, volume 4
965:
374:
366:
362:
154:
104:
939:
845:
934:
765:(in German). Berlin: R Friedlander & Sohn. pp. 1824–1826.
274:
256:
124:
849:
586:
Tavares, Erika S; de Kroon, Gerard H J; Baker, Allan J (2010).
684:
King, Ben F; Woodcock, Martin; Dickinson, Edward C. (1982).
565:. Taunton, Somerset: John Beaufoy Publishing. p. 155.
563:
Naturalist's Guide to the Birds of
Malaysia and Singapore
490:(2nd ed.). London: Taylor and Francis. pp. 4–7.
515:
Birds of South Asia, volume 2: Attributes and Status
858:
828:"The Birds of Japan: their status and distribution"
654:Journal of the Yamashina Institute for Ornithology
648:de Kroon, Gerard H J; Mommers, Maria H J (2005).
419:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22725167A94886234.en
470:. London: Taylor and Francis. pp. 158–160.
517:. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. pp. 141–142.
832:Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology
826:Austin Jr; Oliver L; Nagahisa Kuroda (1953).
809:Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology
786:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society
686:A Field Guide to the Birds of South East Asia
8:
762:Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Volume 3
643:
641:
846:
349:The average weight of wind-dried nests of
327:, and that they should all be merged into
202:
56:
37:
20:
738:. London: New Holland Press. p. 72.
713:. Bangkok: Saha Karn Baeth. p. 108.
709:Lekagul, Boonsong; Round, Philip (1991).
665:
621:
611:
417:
688:. London: Harper Collins. p. 115.
679:
677:
561:Davidson, D W H; Yeap Chin Aik (2010).
479:
477:
386:
297:, but later demoted to a subspecies by
736:A Field Guide to the Birds of Thailand
453:. London: self-published. p. 705.
353:in Japan was 95 g (3.4 oz).
501:
499:
497:
451:A manual of Palearctic birds: part II
7:
1054:IUCN Red List least concern species
439:Taylor & van Perlo (2000) p. 29
405:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
31:to Recent, 534,000 - 0.00 years ago
14:
711:A Guide to the Birds of Thailand
81:
394:BirdLife International (2016).
317:Birds of Malaysia and Singapore
217: Breeding summer visitor
1:
449:Dresser, Henry Eeles (1903).
803:Austin Jr; Oliver L (1948).
1090:
1074:Taxa named by Edward Blyth
224: Resident year-round
329:R. a. aquaticus
235:(ranges are approximate)
210:
201:
183:
176:
78:Scientific classification
76:
54:
45:
36:
23:
778:"Sighting of Water Rail
613:10.1186/1471-2148-10-226
544:Zoologische Mededelingen
412:: e.T22725167A94886234.
357:Distribution and habitat
1069:Birds described in 1849
759:Hartert, Ernst (1921).
538:Rasmussen, P C (2005).
321:R. a. indicus
776:Punjabi, Hira (1997).
734:Robson, Craig (2004).
464:Blanford, W T (1898).
294:Fauna of British India
284:
484:Baker, E C S (1929).
278:
231: Winter visitor
805:"The Birds of Korea"
600:Evolutionary Biology
507:Rasmussen, Pamela C
312:Birds of South Asia
48:Conservation status
1064:Birds of Manchuria
667:10.3312/jyio.37.30
299:E. C. Stuart Baker
285:
255:) is a species of
247:eastern water rail
243:brown-cheeked rail
24:Brown-cheeked rail
1041:
1040:
1013:Open Tree of Life
852:Taxon identifiers
572:978-1-906780-21-0
239:
238:
71:
1081:
1034:
1033:
1021:
1020:
1008:
1007:
995:
994:
982:
981:
969:
968:
956:
955:
943:
942:
930:
929:
920:
919:
907:
906:
904:ACD9E3E1B478AD62
894:
893:
892:
879:
878:
877:
847:
840:
839:
823:
817:
816:
800:
794:
793:
780:Rallus aquaticus
773:
767:
766:
756:
750:
749:
731:
725:
724:
706:
700:
699:
681:
672:
671:
669:
645:
636:
635:
625:
615:
590:Rallus aquaticus
583:
577:
576:
558:
552:
551:
535:
529:
528:
511:Anderton, John C
503:
492:
491:
481:
472:
471:
461:
455:
454:
446:
440:
437:
431:
430:
428:
426:
421:
391:
307:Pamela Rasmussen
232:
230:
225:
223:
218:
216:
206:
189:
86:
85:
65:
60:
59:
41:
27:Temporal range:
21:
1089:
1088:
1084:
1083:
1082:
1080:
1079:
1078:
1044:
1043:
1042:
1037:
1029:
1024:
1016:
1011:
1003:
1000:Observation.org
998:
990:
985:
977:
972:
964:
959:
951:
946:
938:
933:
925:
923:
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902:
897:
888:
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882:
873:
872:
867:
854:
844:
843:
825:
824:
820:
802:
801:
797:
775:
774:
770:
758:
757:
753:
746:
733:
732:
728:
721:
708:
707:
703:
696:
683:
682:
675:
647:
646:
639:
585:
584:
580:
573:
560:
559:
555:
537:
536:
532:
525:
505:
504:
495:
483:
482:
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463:
462:
458:
448:
447:
443:
438:
434:
424:
422:
393:
392:
388:
383:
359:
344:R. a. aquaticus
303:R. indicus
273:
234:
233:
228:
227:
226:
221:
220:
219:
214:
213:
197:
191:
185:
172:
169:R. indicus
80:
72:
61:
57:
50:
32:
25:
17:
16:Species of bird
12:
11:
5:
1087:
1085:
1077:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1046:
1045:
1039:
1038:
1036:
1035:
1031:Rallus-indicus
1022:
1009:
996:
983:
970:
957:
944:
931:
921:
908:
895:
890:Rallus indicus
880:
864:
862:
860:Rallus indicus
856:
855:
850:
842:
841:
818:
795:
768:
751:
744:
726:
719:
701:
694:
673:
637:
578:
571:
553:
550:(13): 137–146.
530:
523:
493:
473:
456:
441:
432:
398:Rallus indicus
385:
384:
382:
379:
358:
355:
340:shrink, shrink
272:
269:
259:in the family
252:Rallus indicus
237:
236:
212:
211:
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187:Rallus indicus
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928:
922:
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896:
891:
885:
881:
876:
870:
866:
865:
863:
861:
857:
853:
848:
838:(1): 403–404.
837:
833:
829:
822:
819:
815:(1): 102–103.
814:
810:
806:
799:
796:
791:
787:
783:
781:
772:
769:
764:
763:
755:
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745:1-84330-921-1
741:
737:
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720:974-85673-6-2
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697:
695:0-00-219207-1
691:
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668:
663:
659:
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651:
644:
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638:
633:
629:
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619:
614:
609:
606:(226): 1–12.
605:
601:
597:
595:
591:
582:
579:
574:
568:
564:
557:
554:
549:
545:
541:
534:
531:
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524:84-87334-65-2
520:
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508:
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178:Binomial name
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63:Least Concern
53:
49:
44:
40:
35:
30:
22:
19:
859:
835:
831:
821:
812:
808:
798:
789:
785:
782:near Mumbai"
779:
771:
761:
754:
735:
729:
710:
704:
685:
660:(1): 30–42.
657:
653:
603:
599:
593:
589:
581:
562:
556:
547:
543:
533:
514:
486:
466:
459:
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423:. Retrieved
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283:, Bangladesh
251:
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186:
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168:
167:
155:
18:
961:iNaturalist
884:Wikispecies
425:13 November
271:Description
29:Pleistocene
1048:Categories
1026:Xeno-canto
594:R. indicus
381:References
351:R. indicus
281:Chittagong
265:water rail
135:Gruiformes
792:(1): 156.
163:Species:
101:Kingdom:
95:Eukaryota
979:22725167
917:22725167
912:BirdLife
875:Q3454180
869:Wikidata
632:20653954
513:(2005).
371:Hokkaido
261:Rallidae
145:Rallidae
141:Family:
115:Chordata
111:Phylum:
105:Animalia
91:Domain:
68:IUCN 3.1
1018:3599948
992:2993453
953:6085719
940:bncrai1
927:bncrai1
899:Avibase
623:2927924
309:in her
151:Genus:
131:Order:
121:Class:
66: (
1059:Rallus
1005:154867
966:144477
742:
717:
692:
630:
620:
569:
521:
375:Honshu
367:Mumbai
363:Borneo
325:clinal
229:
222:
215:
196:, 1849
156:Rallus
935:eBird
924:BOW:
305:, by
194:Blyth
987:NCBI
974:IUCN
948:GBIF
740:ISBN
715:ISBN
690:ISBN
628:PMID
592:and
567:ISBN
548:79–3
519:ISBN
427:2021
410:2016
257:bird
241:The
125:Aves
836:109
813:101
662:doi
618:PMC
608:doi
414:doi
336:kyu
279:At
245:or
1050::
1028::
1015::
1002::
989::
976::
963::
950::
937::
914::
901::
886::
871::
834:.
830:.
811:.
807:.
790:94
788:.
784:.
676:^
658:37
656:.
652:.
640:^
626:.
616:.
604:10
602:.
598:.
546:.
542:.
509:;
496:^
476:^
408:.
402:.
377:.
346:.
331:.
267:.
748:.
723:.
698:.
670:.
664::
634:.
610::
596:"
575:.
527:.
429:.
416::
400:"
396:"
249:(
70:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
