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31:
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1334:, arrived in New York. These "Loch Leven" brown trout were distributed to the same hatcheries. Over the next few years, additional eggs from Scotland, England, and Germany were shipped to U.S. hatcheries. Behnke (2007) believed all life forms of brown trout—anadromous, riverine, and lacustrine—were imported into the U.S. and intermingled genetically to create what he calls the American generic brown trout and a single subspecies the North European brown trout (
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75:
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trout. Regional variants include the so-called "Loch Leven" trout, distinguished by larger fins, a slimmer body, and heavy black spotting, but lacking red spots. The continental
European strain features a lighter golden cast with some red spotting and fewer dark spots. Notably, both strains can show considerable individual variation from this general description. Early stocking efforts in the United States used fish taken from
2059:
wily ancestors was tried until, in a moment of exhaustion, the net was slipped under him. Wading ashore with my prize, I had barely time to notice his size—a good four-pounder, and unusual markings, large yellow spots encircled by black, with great brilliancy of iridescent color—when back he flopped into the water and was gone. However, I took afterward several of the same variety, known in the Park as the Von Baer
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fish species, a change in the diet composition normally occurs during the life of the fish, and piscivorous behaviour is most frequent in large brown trout. These shifts in the diet during fish lifecycle transitions may be accompanied by a marked reduction in intraspecific competition in the fish population, facilitating the partitioning of resources.
1139:
Brown trout have been widely introduced into suitable environments around the world, including North and South
America, Australasia, Asia, and South and East Africa. Introduced brown trout have established self-sustaining, wild populations in many introduced countries. The first introductions were in
2058:
Long dashes down stream taxed my unsteady footing; the sharp click and whirr of the reel resounded in desperate efforts to hold him somewhat in check; another headlong dash, then a vicious bulldog shake of the head as he sawed back and forth across the rocks. Every wile inherited from generations of
1767:
First feeding of newly emerged fry is very important for brown trout survival in this phase of the lifecycle, and first feeding can occur even prior to emergence. Fry start to feed before complete yolk absorption and the diet composition of newly emerged brown trout is composed of small prey such as
1665:
system in
Michigan, setting a new state record. As of late December 2009, the fish captured by Healy was confirmed by both the International Game Fish Association and the Fresh Water Fishing Hall of Fame as the new all-tackle world record for the species. This fish, which supplanted the former world
1353:
in
Michigan. This was the first release of brown trout into U.S. waters. Between 1884 and 1890, brown trout were introduced into suitable habitats throughout the U.S. By 1900, 38 states and two territories had received stocks of brown trout. Their adaptability resulted in most of these introductions
1578:
Freshwater brown trout range in colour from largely silver with relatively few spots and a white belly, to the more well-known brassy reddish-brown cast fading to creamy white on the fish's belly, with medium-sized spots surrounded by lighter halos. The more silver forms can be mistaken for rainbow
1967:
The Trout is a fish highly valued, both in this and foreign nations. He may be justly said, as the old poet said of wine, and we
English say of venison, to be a generous fish: a fish that is so like the buck, that he also has his seasons; for it is observed, that he comes in and goes out of season
1763:
Field studies have demonstrated that brown trout fed on several animal prey species, aquatic invertebrates being the most abundant prey items. However, brown trout also feed on other taxa such as terrestrial invertebrates (e.g. Hymenoptera) or other fish. Moreover, in brown trout, as in many other
1972:
says, his name is of a German offspring; and says he is a fish that feeds clean and purely, in the swiftest streams, and on the hardest gravel; and that he may justly contend with all fresh water fish, as the Mullet may with all sea fish, for precedency and daintiness of taste; and that being in
1883:
trout. Proponents of stocking triploids argue, because they are infertile, they can be introduced into an environment that contains wild brown trout without the negative effects of cross-breeding. However, stocking triploids may damage wild stocks in other ways. Triploids certainly compete with
2079:
Within the US, brown trout introductions have created self-sustaining fisheries throughout the country. Many are considered "world-class" such as in the Great Lakes and in several
Arkansas tailwaters. Outside the U.S. and outside its native range in Europe, introduced brown trout have created
1986:
Throughout the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries, angling authors, mostly
British, some French, and later American, writing about trout fishing were writing about fishing for brown trout. Once brown trout were introduced into the U.S. in the 1880s, they became a major subject of American angling
1451:
Cover or structure is important to trout, and they are more likely to be found near submerged rocks and logs, undercut banks, and overhanging vegetation. Structure provides protection from predators, bright sunlight, and higher water temperatures. Access to deep water for protection in winter
1698:
Brown trout can live 20 years, but as with the
Atlantic salmon, a high proportion of males die after spawning, and probably fewer than 20% of anadromous female kelts recover from spawning . The migratory forms grow to significantly larger sizes for their age due to abundant
1083:
1703:
in the waters where they spend most of their lives. Sea trout are more commonly female in less nutrient-rich rivers. Brown trout are active both by day and by night and are opportunistic feeders. While in freshwater, their diets frequently include
1653:
The brown trout is a medium-sized fish, growing to 20 kg (44 lb) or more and a length of about 100 cm (39 in) in some localities, although in many smaller rivers, a mature weight of 1.0 kg (2.2 lb) or less is common.
1853:. Genetic background is a very important factor when determining the success of trout populations, this information is vital to restore and enhance previous populations. Because of the trout's importance as a food and game fish, it has been
1562:
Defining characteristics include a slender body with a long, narrow head. The mouth is large, and on its roof, vomerine teeth are developed in a zig-zag pattern. The caudal fin is deltaform without forking, unlike that of the related
1413:
Overfishing is a problem where anglers fail to identify and return mature female fish into the lake or stream. Each large female removed can result in thousands fewer eggs released back into the system when the remaining fish spawn.
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1168:
in 1866. By 1868, the Plenty River hosted a self-sustaining population of brown trout which became a brood source for continued introduction of brown trout into
Australian and New Zealand rivers. Successful introductions into the
2456:
Splendiani, Andrea; Fioravanti, Tatiana; Giovannotti, Massimo; Negri, Alessandra; Ruggeri, Paolo; Olivieri, Luigi; Nisi
Cerioni, Paola; Lorenzoni, Massimo; Caputo Barucchi, Vincenzo; Consuegra, Sofia (22 June 2016).
2781:
Amundsen, P-A.; Bøhn, T.; Popova, O.A.; Staldvik, F.J.; Reshetnikov, Y.S.; Kashulin, N.; Lukin, A. (2003). "Ontogenetic niche shifts and resource partitioning in a subarctic piscivore fish guild".
2691:
Jensen, H.; Kiljunen, M.; Amundsen, P-A. (2012). "Dietary ontogeny and niche shift to piscivory in lacustrine brown trout Salmo trutta revealed by stomach content and stable isotope analyses".
1942:
The trout, because he is a right dainty fish and also a right fervent biter, we shall speak of next. He is in season from March until Michaelmas. He is on clean gravel bottom and in a stream.
1088:
1085:
3396:
The Chartres produces some great fishing ...When he was reunited with the party a few hours later, he had taken 15 sea trout from 7 lbs to 14 1/2 lbs – world-class fishing by any yardstick
1084:
2896:
Sánchez-Hernández, J.; Vieira-Lanero, R.; Servia, M.J.; Cobo, F. (2011a). "First feeding diet of young brown trout fry in a temperate area: disentangling constrains and food selection".
1440:
bones from an archaeological site in Italy, and ancient DNA extracted from some of these bones, indicate that both abundance and genetic diversity increased markedly during the colder
3072:
Marco-Rius, Francisco; Sotelo, Graciela; Caballero, Pablo; Morán, Paloma (2013). "Insights for planning an effective stocking program in anadromous brown trout (Salmo trutta)".
2161:
829:
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1847:, which also have affinity for well-oxygenated, cold streams. Brown trout additionally are voracious predators of invertebrates and can carry microbial pathogens like
1823:, where they are the focus of a specialised fly fishery. The first planting in the United States occurred on April 11, 1884, into the Baldwin River, one mile east of
4192:
4280:
1997:, a seminal work codifying a half century of evolution of fly fishing with floating flies for brown trout. In the late 19th century, American angler and writer
1875:
fish by increasing the water temperature just after fertilisation of eggs, or more reliably, by a process known as pressure shocking. Triploids are favoured by
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levels which can cause "summer kills" of local populations if temperatures remain high for sufficient duration and deeper/cooler or fast, turbulent more
3566:
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2001:, often called the "Father of American Dry Fly Fishing", perfected dry-fly techniques for the newly arrived, but difficult-to-catch brown trout in
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diploid fish for food, space, and other resources. They could also be more aggressive than diploid fish and they may disturb spawning behaviour.
996:, both still migrating upstream during reproductive seasons. Anadromous and potamodromous morphs coexisting in the same river appear genetically
1452:
freezes, or fast water for protection from low oxygen levels in summer are also ideal. Trout are more often found in heavy and strong currents.
1086:
1993:
1658:
reaches an average length of 40–80 cm (16–31 in) with a maximum length of 140 cm (55 in) and about 60 pounds (27 kg).
2023:(1910) began a revolution in fly fishing techniques for trout. In 1917, Scottish author Hamish Stuart published the first comprehensive text,
1571:). Dark and red spots are often present on the sides, but do not extend to the tail. Parr trout (juvenile) often have a red margin on their
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1922:. This work is credited with describing the first instance of fly fishing for trout, the trout being the brown trout found in Macedonia. The
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2936:
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species: the brown trout as an example of a dynamic fish species. In: New Advances and Contributions to Fish Biology, Hakan TĂĽrker (Ed.).
2639:"Summer differences in behavioural feeding habits and use of feeding habitat among brown trout (Pisces) age classes in a temperate area"
4398:
4393:
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2019:
1634:
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984:, meaning they are also migratory, though only between freshwater bodies. Lacustrine trout mainly inhabit large lakes with calm and
3128:
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created new angling opportunities, none so successful from an angling perspective as was the introduction of browns into the upper
4355:
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1938:, especially fly fishing. One of the most prominent fish described in the work is the brown trout of English rivers and streams:
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record from the Little Red River in Arkansas, has in turn been exceeded by a 20.1-kilogram (44 lb) specimen caught in the
1036:
189:
1910:
of European anglers for centuries. It was first mentioned in angling literature as "fish with speckled skins" by Roman author
1681:
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on 27 October 2020. The all-tackle length IGFA world record is a 97-centimetre (38 in) fish caught in Milwaukee Harbor,
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Skoglund, H.; Barlaup, B.T. (2006). "Feeding pattern and diet of first feeding brown trout fry under natural conditions".
1780:
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1315:
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Sánchez-Hernández, J., Servia, M.J., Vieira-Lanero, R. & Cobo F. (2013). Ontogenetic dietary shifts in a predatory
30:
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in 1890. One of the earliest accounts of trout fishing in the park is from Mary Trowbridge Townsend's 1897 article in
1712:, other fish, frogs, mice, birds, and insects flying near the water's surface. The high dietary reliance upon insect
4119:
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1476:
1264:. Sea-run forms of brown trout exceeding 20 lb (9.1 kg) are caught by local anglers on a regular basis.
4408:
4285:
4132:
2054:"A Woman's Trout Fishing in Yellowstone Park" in which she talks about catching the von Behr trout in the river:
2047:
1323:
2967:. Gainesville, Florida & Ann Arbor, Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey, Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database
988:
deep water, while riverine trout forms fluvial populations typically in large rivers but sometimes in shallower
1346:
1297:
1165:
3007:
2826:
Zimmerman, C.E.; Mosegaard, H. (1992). "Initial feeding in migratory brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) alevins".
1516:
74:
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1386:. Increased frequency of excessively warm water temperatures in high summer causes a reduction in dissolved
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native fish species in some of the countries where they have been introduced, particularly Australia. In
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1892:
1849:
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1330:. Additional shipments of "von Behr" brown trout eggs arrived in 1884. In 1885, brown trout eggs from
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1935:
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took place in 1890 and 1892, respectively. By 1909, brown trout were established in the mountains of
3789:
2459:"The Effects of Paleoclimatic Events on Mediterranean Trout: Preliminary Evidences from Ancient DNA"
3719:
3699:
1988:
1671:
985:
203:
39:
4259:
2309:. Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) of the IUCN Species Survival Commission. Archived from
1695:. A typical female produces about 2,000 eggs per kg (900 eggs per lb) of body weight at spawning.
1362:
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2143:
2002:
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1145:
966:
859:
821:
235:
213:
69:
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2128:
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1310:. The original shipment of "von Behr" brown trout eggs were handled by three hatcheries, one on
1066:
or sea-run forms of brown trout. Linnaeus also described two other brown trout species in 1758.
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1436:
prefers well-oxygenated water in the temperature range of 60 to 65 °F (16 to 18 °C).
4342:
4088:
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3551:
3532:
3513:
3494:
3475:
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3385:
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2674:
2498:
2399:
2374:
2349:
2345:
2337:
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1911:
1843:
and other locations in the southern hemisphere, brown trout compete with fish from the family
1824:
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with other species; if they do, they are almost invariably infertile. One such example is the
1267:
1213:
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2953:
Fuller, P.; Larson, J.; Fusaro, A.; Makled, T.H.; Neilson, M.; Bartos, A. (8 April 2022).
2940:
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2443:
2220:
2010:
1998:
1927:
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and stocked in many places in its range, and fully natural populations (uncontaminated by
1721:
1692:
1564:
1421:, and declining brown trout populations in these specific areas affect the entire aquatic
1170:
1112:
993:
977:
915:
796:
1523:
3283:
Townsend, Mary Trowbridge (May 2, 1897), "A Woman's Trout Fishing in Yellowstone Park",
3136:
3015:
2874:
2839:
2751:
2704:
2474:
1661:
On September 11, 2009, a 41.45-lb (18.80-kg) brown trout was caught by Tom Healy in the
4388:
4127:
4114:
3924:
3685:
3468:
3040:
2989:
2847:
2493:
2458:
2209:
Lack of genetic differentiation between anadromous and resident sympatric brown trout (
2043:
2014:
1969:
1729:
1662:
1407:
1395:
116:
2988:
Ferguson, Andrew; Reed, Thomas; Cross, Tom; McGinnity, Philip; Prodohl, Paulo (2019).
2027:, specifically addressing angling techniques for the anadromous forms of brown trout.
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4044:
3857:
3813:
3709:
3430:
3201:
3057:
2882:
2712:
2114:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1788:
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1705:
1441:
1383:
1209:
1182:
1174:
1043:
981:
934:
889:
185:
59:
54:
4057:
3158:
2917:
2812:
2105:
1629:
1035:(2007) relates that the brown trout was the first species of trout described in the
4093:
3949:
3847:
3827:
3818:
3749:
3739:
3724:
1960:
1418:
1394:
water is not accessible to the fish. This phenomenon can be further exacerbated by
1303:
1280:
1237:
1217:
1189:
in northern India took place in 1868, and by 1900, brown trout were established in
1178:
1108:
958:
836:
817:
3795:
2030:
1302:. The von Behr brown trout came from both mountain streams and large lakes in the
4171:
2655:
2638:
2483:
1736:
such as spoons, spinners, jigs, plugs, plastic worm imitations, and live or dead
4272:
4254:
4179:
4024:
3894:
3884:
3774:
3754:
3714:
2006:
1840:
1816:
1752:
1748:
1725:
1700:
1691:
The spawning behaviour of brown trout is similar to that of the closely related
1622:
1603:
1575:, with dark blotches along their sides that also become inconspicuous with age.
1572:
1465:
1379:
1375:
1311:
1276:
1221:
1212:
geologist, began the introduction of several species of salmonids on the remote
1124:
4015:
3203:
The Fishing In Print-A Guided Tour Through Five Centuries of Angling Literature
3934:
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3875:
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1858:
1844:
1595:
1403:
1371:
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926:
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893:
885:
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136:
126:
3976:
3259:"A Grand Experiment—100 Years of Fisheries Management in Yellowstone: Part I"
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3769:
3085:
2085:
2081:
2017:
pioneered nymphing techniques for brown trout on English chalk streams. His
1907:
1836:
1812:
1709:
1675:
1617:
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and continued until 1933. The only Canadian regions without brown trout are
1186:
1149:
1104:
898:
825:
813:
86:
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3049:
2720:
2502:
1641:
1609:
1291:, obtained brown trout eggs from a Baron Lucius von Behr, president of the
3971:
3453:
The End of the Line: How overfishing is changing the world and what we eat
1164:. Thirty-eight young trout were released in the river, a tributary of the
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4067:
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3443:
1872:
1854:
1769:
1737:
1685:
1580:
1422:
1161:
1128:
1120:
950:
793:
106:
4308:
3631:
GLANSIS Species FactSheet (Distributional information for North America)
3584:(3). Manchester, VT: American Museum of Fly Fishing: 7–8. Archived from
1378:
are under various degrees of stress mainly through habitat degradation,
4158:
2803:
2767:
1880:
1876:
1865:
1646:
1599:
1584:
1490: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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1190:
1116:
1055:
1013:
930:
843:
4145:
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1973:
right season, the most dainty palates have allowed precedency to him.
1861:
1820:
1713:
1387:
1194:
1100:
989:
919:
809:
96:
3986:
2759:
1000:
What determines whether they migrate to sea or not remains unknown.
3690:
3672:
2029:
1891:
1832:
1779:
1717:
1640:
1628:
1589:
1361:
1266:
1253:
1241:
1093:
1081:
1028:
1021:
942:
911:
851:
804:
800:
146:
2964:
NOAA Great Lakes Aquatic Nonindigenous Species Information System
4321:
1871:
Farming of brown trout has included the production of infertile
1257:
4106:
3990:
3638:
2559:
Connecticut Department of Energy & Environmental Protection
1902:, 1849, by Alfred Ronalds, showing a brown trout and a grayling
1459:
1140:
Australia in 1864 when 300 of 1500 brown trout eggs from the
2307:"Global Invasive Species Database-Salmo trutta-Distribution"
1115:
in North Africa. The western limit of their native range is
1275:
The first introductions into the U.S. started in 1883 when
842:
Brown trout are highly adaptable and have evolved numerous
3174:
McDonald, John (1972). "Gordan and American Fly-fishing".
1228:, and brown trout survived to establish wild populations.
3384:. Ellesmere, Shropshire: Medlar Press. pp. 149–159.
2398:. Ellesmere, Shropshire: Medlar Press. pp. 161–170.
1864:) probably exist only in isolated places, for example in
1417:
In small streams, brown trout are important predators of
2146:}}: |volume= / |doi= mismatch, |date= / |doi= mismatch (
914:
for much of its life and only returns to fresh water to
3328:"A Long Road to World-Class Fly Fishing in New Zealand"
3236:. Ellesmere, Shropshire: Medlar Press. pp. 31–36.
3106:. Ellesmere, Shropshire: Medlar Press. pp. 19–74.
2373:. Ellesmere, Shropshire: Medlar Press. pp. 79–95.
2013:. In the early 20th century, British angler and author
1724:, and adults allows trout to be a favoured target for
1236:
The first introductions in Canada occurred in 1883 in
1099:
The native range of brown trout extends from northern
1728:. Sea trout are fished for especially at night using
1287:, under the authority of the U.S. Fish Commissioner,
1156:. By 1866, 171 young brown trout were surviving in a
1119:
in the north Atlantic, while the eastern limit is in
3548:
The Trout's Tale – The Fish That Conquered an Empire
3382:
The Trout's Tale – The Fish That Conquered an Empire
3355:"At the End of the World, the Fish Stories Are True"
3234:
The Trout's Tale – The Fish That Conquered an Empire
2990:"Anadromy, potamodromy and residency in brown trout
2396:
The Trout's Tale – The Fish That Conquered an Empire
2371:
The Trout's Tale – The Fish That Conquered an Empire
1934:
is considered a foundational work in the history of
1868:
or in high alpine valleys on the European mainland.
1248:. Introductions into South America began in 1904 in
3999:
3871:
3811:
3683:
2524:
Maine Department of Inland Fisheries & Wildlife
2394:Newton, Chris (2013). "The Monsters of Kerguelen".
2278:; Williams, Ted (2007). "Brown Trout-Winter 1986".
2240:; Williams, Ted (2007). "Brown Trout-Winter 1986".
2227:, Volume 18, N° 1, January–March 2005. Pages 65–69.
1827:. Brown trout have had serious negative impacts on
3467:
3200:
3074:Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
2185:, Vol. 1, London: Chapman and Hall, 1990, p. 1058.
2437:"Climate Change and Freshwater". 11 February 2009
910:, which upon adulthood migrate downstream to the
1354:establishing wild, self-sustaining populations.
3491:Sea Trout: Biology, Conservation and Management
2577:
2575:
2549:R.P. Jacobs; E.B. O'Donnell; Connecticut DEEP.
2280:About Trout: The Best of Robert J. Behnke from
2242:About Trout: The Best of Robert J. Behnke from
2056:
1965:
1940:
799:and the most widely distributed species of the
3508:J.L. Bagliniere; G. Maisse; J. Watson (1999).
2285:. Guilford, CT: Globe Pequot. pp. 45–50.
2062:trout, and which I have since found to be the
1594:A 2.7-kg (6 lb), 60-cm (2 ft) sea trout, from
3650:
3178:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. pp. 34–44.
2583:"Record brown trout caught in Manistee River"
2270:
2268:
2266:
2264:
2196:World Fish Farming: Cultivation and Economics
8:
2514:
2512:
2369:Newton, Chris (2013). "The Trout in India".
1776:Stocking, farming and non-native brown trout
3380:Newton, Chris (2013). "Falklands' Silver".
2129:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T19861A9050312.en
3987:
3657:
3643:
3635:
3510:Biology and Ecology of the Brown Sea Trout
3489:Graeme Harris; Nigel Milner, eds. (2007).
2734:Elliott, J.M. (1967). "The food of trout (
2520:"Identification of Salmon and Brown Trout"
2331:
2329:
2327:
2247:. Guilford, CT: Globe Pequot. p. 45.
1428:Global climate change is also of concern.
1008:The scientific name of the brown trout is
48:
29:
20:
3232:Newton, Chris (2013). "Two Fish in One".
3039:
2802:
2654:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2492:
2482:
2162:"Synonyms of Salmo trutta Linnaeus, 1758"
2127:
1879:because they grow faster and larger than
1550:Learn how and when to remove this message
3529:Quantitative Ecology and the Brown Trout
2994:: the role of genes and the environment"
2637:Sánchez-Hernández, J.; Cobo, F. (2012).
2080:"world-class" fisheries in New Zealand,
1680:
1616:
1608:
1382:, and artificial propagation leading to
1220:. Of the seven species introduced, only
1135:Introduction outside their natural range
3550:. Ellesmere, Shropshire: Medlar Press.
3531:. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
3416:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
3207:. New York: Winchester Press. pp.
3135:. Flyfishinghistory.com. Archived from
2617:The International Game Fish Association
2344:. New York: Winchester Press. pp.
2096:
1963:is replete with advice on "the trout":
1345:released 4900 brown trout fry into the
850:. These include three main ecotypes: a
252:
3102:Herd, Andrew Dr (2001). "Beginnings".
2943:Sea Grant. Retrieved 14 February 2010.
2066:, the veritable trout of Izaak Walton.
2038:Introductions of brown trout into the
1994:Dry-Fly Fishing in Theory and Practice
1819:, and many other countries, including
3353:Kaminsky, Peter (February 11, 2006).
3326:McGinley, Morgan (January 26, 2010).
1991:, a British angler, author published
1252:. Brown trout are now established in
7:
4296:8e52d031-99de-4a44-88cd-3ede6664efb1
4133:ef4bb22b-a0ad-4421-a100-7d4ac5fe5d35
3617:at the Wikibooks Cookbook subproject
1488:adding citations to reliable sources
1402:—often from the use of agricultural
1318:Hatchery operated by Mather, one in
4384:IUCN Red List least concern species
3131:Treatyse of Fysshynge with an Angle
2183:Thesaurus of Agricultural Organisms
2115:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1948:Treatyse of Fysshynge with an Angle
1924:Treatyse of Fysshynge with an Angle
1906:The brown trout has been a popular
1444:period, and fell during the warmer
1185:. The first introductions into the
2848:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1992.tb02612.x
1144:survived a four-month voyage from
1074:was used for lake-dwelling forms.
14:
4404:Fish of the Western United States
2020:Minor Tactics of the Chalk Stream
1732:. Brown trout can be caught with
1370:The fish is not considered to be
1366:Infographic about the brown trout
4424:Freshwater fish of North America
3970:
3801:
3794:
3788:
3609:
3066:This review cites this research.
2883:10.1111/j.0022-1112.2006.00938.x
2713:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03294.x
2198:, Connecticut: AVI, 1983, p. 93.
1625:, Sweden, after the first summer
1464:
608:Salar ausonii var. parcepunctata
73:
1475:needs additional citations for
1322:, operated by pisciculturalist
728:Salmo lacustris septentrionalis
600:Salar ausonii var. semipunctata
3474:. New York: Winchester Press.
3257:Franke, Mary Ann (Fall 1996).
2681:, InTech, Croatia, 271–298 pp.
1092:A sea trout jumping a weir in
1:
3565:Marston, R.B. (Summer 1985).
1633:A young brown trout from the
1107:tributaries in Russia in the
1070:was used for riverine forms.
884:(not to be confused with the
451:(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
443:(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
2656:10.1080/11250003.2012.670274
2484:10.1371/journal.pone.0157975
1896:Frontis and title page from
1795:The species has been widely
976:The lacustrine and riverine
448:Salmo faris var. forestensis
440:Salmo fario var. forestensis
4419:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
3665:Trout and char of the world
3621:Life Cycle of the Sea Trout
2213:) in a Normandy population.
1899:The Fly-fisher's Entomology
1645:Brown trout from a western
1374:, although some individual
4440:
2740:Journal of Applied Ecology
2643:Italian Journal of Zoology
2442:February 11, 2011, at the
2034:Firehole river brown trout
1197:. In the 1950s and 1960s,
1050:established the system of
937:have many regional names:
760:Salmo trutta ciscaucasicus
4399:Fish of the United States
4394:Freshwater fish of Europe
3968:
3786:
3670:
3512:. Springer Praxis Books.
3466:Heacox, Cecil E. (1974).
3199:Gingrich, Arnold (1974).
3008:John Wiley & Sons Ltd
2910:10.1007/s10750-010-0582-3
2738:) in a Dartmoor stream".
2587:Arkansas Democrat-Gazette
2336:Heacox, Cecil E. (1974).
2048:Yellowstone National Park
2025:The Book of The Sea Trout
1271:U.S. range of brown trout
896:populations known as the
611:(Heckel & Kner, 1858)
603:(Heckel & Kner, 1858)
247:previous scientific names
241:
234:
201:
196:
175:
168:
70:Scientific classification
68:
46:
37:
28:
23:
3470:The Complete Brown Trout
3433:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
2342:The Complete Brown Trout
2225:Aquatic Living Resources
1968:with the stag and buck.
1920:On the Nature of Animals
1743:Brown trout rarely form
1326:, and other hatchery in
1232:Introduction to Americas
980:of brown trout are both
830:one of the world's worst
736:Salmo lacustris romanovi
3890:Blunt-nosed Irish charr
3833:Coastal cutthroat trout
3740:Lake (lacustrine) trout
3578:The American Fly Fisher
3455:. Ebury Press, London.
3451:Clover, Charles. 2004.
3447:. October 2005 version.
3305:Arkansas Monster Browns
3086:10.1139/cjfas-2013-0084
2999:Journal of Fish Biology
2863:Journal of Fish Biology
2828:Journal of Fish Biology
2795:10.1023/A:1025465705717
2693:Journal of Fish Biology
1855:artificially propagated
1027:, meaning, literally, "
720:Salmo lacustris rhenana
4414:Fish described in 1758
3546:Newton, Chris (2013).
3157:Walton, Izaak (1653).
2181:Derwent Publications,
2077:
2035:
1984:
1953:
1903:
1792:
1688:
1650:
1638:
1626:
1614:
1613:Brown trout in a creek
1606:
1367:
1293:German Fishing Society
1272:
1199:Edgar Albert de la Rue
1096:
820:, and has been widely
744:Salmo trutta aralensis
336:Salmo trutta lacustris
3527:Elliot, J.M. (1994).
2033:
1987:literature. In 1889,
1895:
1850:Aeromonas salmonicida
1783:
1768:chironomid larvae or
1684:
1678:on 16 December 2011.
1644:
1637:in North East England
1632:
1620:
1612:
1602:bearing scars from a
1593:
1365:
1349:, a tributary of the
1270:
1246:Northwest Territories
1226:Salvelinus fontinalis
1091:
1062:was used to describe
1052:binomial nomenclature
1042:by Swedish zoologist
808:, endemic to most of
763:(non Dorofeeva, 1967)
4128:Fauna Europaea (new)
3979:at Wikimedia Commons
3853:Mexican golden trout
3684:Trout of Europe and
2122:: e.T19861A9050312.
2104:Freyhof, J. (2011).
1936:recreational fishing
1928:Dame Juliana Berners
1791:stamp issued in 1994
1751:, a hybrid with the
1484:improve this article
1351:Pere Marquette River
1343:U.S. Fish Commission
1332:Loch Leven, Scotland
1328:Northville, Michigan
1152:on the sailing ship
752:Salmo trutta ezenami
696:Salmo trutta oxianus
587:(Valenciennes, 1848)
579:(Valenciennes, 1848)
571:(Valenciennes, 1848)
563:(Valenciennes, 1848)
555:(Valenciennes, 1848)
3750:Mediterranean trout
3266:Yellowstone Science
3160:The Compleat Angler
3016:2019JFBio..95..692F
2875:2006JFBio..68..507S
2840:1992JFBio..40..647Z
2752:1967JApEc...4...59E
2705:2012JFBio..80.2448J
2589:. 11 September 2009
2475:2016PLoSO..1157975S
2005:rivers such as the
1989:Frederic M. Halford
1979:The Compleat Angler
1957:The Compleat Angler
1672:Twizel, New Zealand
1358:Conservation status
1341:In April 1884, the
1320:Caledonia, New York
416:Salmo fario loensis
280:Salmo trutta trutta
40:Conservation status
3955:Small-mouthed char
3940:Lough Melvin charr
3915:Dolly Varden trout
3360:The New York Times
3333:The New York Times
3308:. Field and Stream
2939:2010-06-07 at the
2219:2007-05-18 at the
2036:
1904:
1793:
1689:
1651:
1639:
1627:
1615:
1607:
1419:macroinvertebrates
1368:
1273:
1146:Falmouth, Cornwall
1097:
967:North West England
880:, also called the
792:) is a species of
547:(McClelland, 1842)
408:Salmo cornubiensis
387:(Bonnaterre, 1788)
304:Salmo trutta fario
256:Trutta fluviatilis
4371:
4370:
4343:Open Tree of Life
3993:Taxon identifiers
3984:
3983:
3975:Media related to
3960:Whitespotted char
3557:978-1-907110-44-3
3391:978-1-907110-44-3
3243:978-1-907110-44-3
3024:10.1111/jfb.14005
2679:978-953-51-0909-9
2424:www.flr.gov.nl.ca
2405:978-1-907110-44-3
2380:978-1-907110-44-3
2292:978-1-59921-203-6
2276:Behnke, Robert J.
2254:978-1-59921-203-6
2238:Behnke, Robert J.
1825:Baldwin, Michigan
1560:
1559:
1552:
1534:
1398:of rivers due to
1308:Baden-WĂĽrttemberg
1214:Kerguelen Islands
1089:
1020:derives from the
780:
779:
772:
764:
756:
748:
740:
739:(Kawraisky, 1896)
732:
724:
716:
708:
704:Trutta variabilis
700:
692:
684:
676:
668:
660:
656:Salmo gallivensis
652:
644:
636:
628:
624:Salmo venernensis
620:
616:Salmo fario major
612:
604:
596:
588:
584:Salar spectabilis
580:
572:
564:
556:
548:
540:
532:
524:
516:
508:
500:
492:
484:
476:
468:
460:
452:
444:
436:
428:
420:
412:
404:
396:
388:
380:
372:
364:
356:
348:
340:
332:
324:
316:
308:
300:
292:
284:
276:
268:
260:
249:
63:
4431:
4409:Fish of Pakistan
4364:
4363:
4351:
4350:
4338:
4337:
4325:
4324:
4312:
4311:
4299:
4298:
4289:
4288:
4276:
4275:
4273:NBNSYS0000188607
4263:
4262:
4250:
4249:
4240:
4239:
4227:
4226:
4214:
4213:
4201:
4200:
4188:
4187:
4175:
4174:
4162:
4161:
4149:
4148:
4136:
4135:
4123:
4122:
4110:
4109:
4097:
4096:
4084:
4083:
4071:
4070:
4061:
4060:
4048:
4047:
4035:
4034:
4033:
4020:
4019:
4018:
3988:
3974:
3806:
3805:
3798:
3792:
3725:Garda lake trout
3659:
3652:
3645:
3636:
3613:
3599:
3597:
3596:
3590:
3575:
3561:
3542:
3523:
3504:
3485:
3473:
3448:
3426:
3424:
3422:
3399:
3398:
3377:
3371:
3370:
3368:
3367:
3350:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3340:
3323:
3317:
3316:
3314:
3313:
3299:
3293:
3292:
3280:
3274:
3273:
3263:
3254:
3248:
3247:
3229:
3223:
3222:
3206:
3196:
3190:
3189:
3171:
3165:
3164:
3154:
3148:
3147:
3145:
3144:
3124:
3118:
3117:
3099:
3093:
3089:
3080:(7): 1092–1100.
3061:
3043:
2983:
2977:
2976:
2974:
2972:
2950:
2944:
2928:
2922:
2921:
2893:
2887:
2886:
2858:
2852:
2851:
2823:
2817:
2816:
2806:
2789:(1–3): 109–119.
2778:
2772:
2771:
2731:
2725:
2724:
2699:(7): 2448–2462.
2688:
2682:
2667:
2661:
2660:
2658:
2634:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2605:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2594:
2579:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2565:
2546:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2530:
2516:
2507:
2506:
2496:
2486:
2453:
2447:
2434:
2428:
2427:
2416:
2410:
2409:
2391:
2385:
2384:
2366:
2360:
2359:
2333:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2318:
2303:
2297:
2296:
2272:
2259:
2258:
2234:
2228:
2205:
2199:
2192:
2186:
2179:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2169:
2158:
2152:
2151:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2131:
2101:
2075:
2011:Neversink Rivers
1982:
1951:
1555:
1548:
1544:
1541:
1535:
1533:
1492:
1468:
1460:
1301:
1216:in the southern
1207:
1090:
1037:1758 edition of
999:
833:invasive species
828:, even becoming
773:
770:
765:
762:
757:
755:(non Berg, 1948)
754:
749:
746:
741:
738:
733:
730:
725:
722:
717:
714:
709:
706:
701:
698:
693:
690:
685:
682:
680:Salmo islayensis
677:
674:
672:Salmo orcadensis
669:
666:
661:
658:
653:
650:
648:Salmo polyosteus
645:
642:
637:
634:
632:Salmo brachypoma
629:
626:
621:
618:
613:
610:
605:
602:
597:
594:
589:
586:
581:
578:
573:
570:
565:
562:
557:
554:
549:
546:
544:Salmo orientalis
541:
538:
536:Salmo levenensis
533:
530:
525:
522:
517:
514:
509:
506:
501:
498:
493:
490:
485:
482:
477:
474:
469:
467:(Lacepède, 1803)
466:
461:
459:(Lacepède, 1803)
458:
456:Salmo cumberland
453:
450:
445:
442:
437:
434:
429:
426:
421:
418:
413:
410:
405:
402:
400:Salmo sylvaticus
397:
394:
389:
386:
381:
378:
376:Trutta salmanata
373:
371:(Wartmann, 1783)
370:
365:
362:
357:
355:(Linnaeus, 1758)
354:
352:Trutta lacustris
349:
347:(Linnaeus, 1758)
346:
341:
339:(Linnaeus, 1758)
338:
333:
331:(Linnaeus, 1758)
330:
325:
323:(Linnaeus, 1758)
322:
317:
315:(Linnaeus, 1758)
314:
309:
307:(Linnaeus, 1758)
306:
301:
299:(Linnaeus, 1758)
298:
293:
291:(Linnaeus, 1758)
290:
285:
283:(Linnaeus, 1758)
282:
277:
275:(Linnaeus, 1758)
274:
269:
266:
264:Trutta salmonata
261:
258:
245:
181:
78:
77:
57:
52:
51:
33:
21:
4439:
4438:
4434:
4433:
4432:
4430:
4429:
4428:
4374:
4373:
4372:
4367:
4359:
4354:
4346:
4341:
4333:
4328:
4320:
4315:
4307:
4304:Observation.org
4302:
4294:
4292:
4284:
4279:
4271:
4266:
4258:
4253:
4245:
4243:
4235:
4230:
4222:
4217:
4209:
4204:
4196:
4191:
4183:
4178:
4170:
4165:
4157:
4152:
4144:
4139:
4131:
4126:
4118:
4113:
4105:
4100:
4092:
4087:
4079:
4074:
4066:
4064:
4056:
4051:
4043:
4038:
4029:
4028:
4023:
4014:
4013:
4008:
3995:
3985:
3980:
3964:
3910:Coomsaharn char
3873:
3867:
3838:Cutthroat trout
3816:
3807:
3800:
3799:
3793:
3784:
3688:
3679:
3666:
3663:
3606:
3594:
3592:
3588:
3573:
3564:
3558:
3545:
3539:
3526:
3520:
3507:
3501:
3488:
3482:
3465:
3429:
3420:
3418:
3410:
3407:
3405:Further reading
3402:
3392:
3379:
3378:
3374:
3365:
3363:
3352:
3351:
3347:
3338:
3336:
3325:
3324:
3320:
3311:
3309:
3301:
3300:
3296:
3285:Outing Magazine
3282:
3281:
3277:
3261:
3256:
3255:
3251:
3244:
3231:
3230:
3226:
3219:
3198:
3197:
3193:
3186:
3173:
3172:
3168:
3156:
3155:
3151:
3142:
3140:
3126:
3125:
3121:
3114:
3101:
3100:
3096:
3071:
2987:
2984:
2980:
2970:
2968:
2959:Linnaeus, 1758"
2952:
2951:
2947:
2941:Wayback Machine
2929:
2925:
2895:
2894:
2890:
2860:
2859:
2855:
2825:
2824:
2820:
2780:
2779:
2775:
2760:10.2307/2401409
2733:
2732:
2728:
2690:
2689:
2685:
2671:freshwater fish
2668:
2664:
2636:
2635:
2631:
2621:
2619:
2609:"Trout, brown (
2607:
2606:
2602:
2592:
2590:
2581:
2580:
2573:
2563:
2561:
2555:) - Introduced"
2548:
2547:
2538:
2528:
2526:
2518:
2517:
2510:
2469:(6): e0157975.
2455:
2454:
2450:
2444:Wayback Machine
2435:
2431:
2418:
2417:
2413:
2406:
2393:
2392:
2388:
2381:
2368:
2367:
2363:
2356:
2335:
2334:
2325:
2316:
2314:
2305:
2304:
2300:
2293:
2274:
2273:
2262:
2255:
2236:
2235:
2231:
2221:Wayback Machine
2206:
2202:
2193:
2189:
2180:
2176:
2167:
2165:
2160:
2159:
2155:
2141:
2134:
2132:
2103:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2076:
2072:Outing Magazine
2070:
2052:Outing Magazine
1999:Theodore Gordon
1983:
1977:
1952:
1946:
1890:
1778:
1761:
1693:Atlantic salmon
1656:S. t. lacustris
1621:Brown trout in
1598:in the west of
1565:Atlantic salmon
1556:
1545:
1539:
1536:
1493:
1491:
1481:
1469:
1458:
1456:Characteristics
1446:Bølling-Allerød
1360:
1295:
1234:
1201:
1137:
1123:tributaries in
1113:Atlas Mountains
1082:
1080:
1072:Salmo lacustris
1048:Systema Naturae
1039:Systema Naturae
1006:
997:
929:. Sea trout in
854:ecotype called
835:outside of its
797:ray-finned fish
776:
771:Tortonese, 1954
768:Salmo abanticus
766:
758:
750:
742:
734:
726:
718:
710:
702:
699:(Kessler, 1874)
694:
691:(Kessler, 1874)
686:
683:(Thomson, 1873)
678:
675:(GĂĽnther, 1866)
670:
667:(GĂĽnther, 1866)
662:
659:(GĂĽnther, 1866)
654:
651:(GĂĽnther, 1866)
646:
643:(GĂĽnther, 1866)
638:
635:(GĂĽnther, 1866)
630:
627:(GĂĽnther, 1866)
622:
619:(Walecki, 1863)
614:
606:
598:
592:Salmo estuarius
590:
582:
574:
566:
560:Fario argenteus
558:
550:
542:
539:(Yarrell, 1839)
534:
531:(Parnell, 1838)
526:
523:(Nilsson, 1832)
518:
510:
502:
494:
486:
483:(Donovan, 1806)
480:Salmo cambricus
478:
470:
462:
454:
446:
438:
435:(Schrank, 1798)
432:Salmo saxatilis
430:
427:(Walbaum, 1792)
422:
419:(Walbaum, 1792)
414:
411:(Walbaum, 1792)
406:
398:
390:
382:
374:
366:
363:(Duhamel, 1771)
358:
350:
342:
334:
328:Fario lacustris
326:
320:Salmo lacustris
318:
310:
302:
294:
286:
278:
270:
262:
259:(Duhamel, 1771)
254:
251:
250:
222:
212:
192:
183:
177:
164:
72:
64:
53:
49:
42:
17:
16:Species of fish
12:
11:
5:
4437:
4435:
4427:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4376:
4375:
4369:
4368:
4366:
4365:
4352:
4339:
4326:
4313:
4300:
4290:
4277:
4264:
4251:
4241:
4228:
4215:
4202:
4189:
4176:
4163:
4150:
4137:
4124:
4115:Fauna Europaea
4111:
4098:
4085:
4072:
4062:
4049:
4036:
4021:
4005:
4003:
3997:
3996:
3991:
3982:
3981:
3969:
3966:
3965:
3963:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3925:Kirikuchi char
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3881:
3879:
3869:
3868:
3866:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3824:
3822:
3809:
3808:
3787:
3785:
3783:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3720:Flathead trout
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3700:Adriatic trout
3696:
3694:
3686:Atlantic basin
3681:
3680:
3671:
3668:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3661:
3654:
3647:
3639:
3633:
3632:
3623:
3618:
3605:
3604:External links
3602:
3601:
3600:
3567:"Brown Trout (
3562:
3556:
3543:
3537:
3524:
3518:
3505:
3499:
3486:
3480:
3463:
3449:
3431:Froese, Rainer
3427:
3412:"Salmo trutta"
3406:
3403:
3401:
3400:
3390:
3372:
3345:
3318:
3302:Price, Steve.
3294:
3275:
3249:
3242:
3224:
3217:
3191:
3184:
3166:
3149:
3119:
3112:
3094:
3092:
3091:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
2978:
2945:
2923:
2904:(1): 109–119.
2888:
2869:(2): 507–521.
2853:
2834:(4): 647–650.
2818:
2773:
2726:
2683:
2662:
2649:(3): 468–478.
2629:
2600:
2571:
2551:"Brown Trout (
2536:
2508:
2448:
2429:
2411:
2404:
2386:
2379:
2361:
2354:
2323:
2298:
2291:
2282:Trout Magazine
2260:
2253:
2244:Trout Magazine
2229:
2200:
2187:
2174:
2164:. Fishbase.org
2153:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2068:
2044:Firehole River
2015:G. E. M. Skues
1975:
1944:
1889:
1886:
1777:
1774:
1760:
1757:
1663:Manistee River
1558:
1557:
1472:
1470:
1463:
1457:
1454:
1408:drainage basin
1396:eutrophication
1359:
1356:
1281:pisciculturist
1233:
1230:
1175:Cape Provinces
1136:
1133:
1079:
1076:
1005:
1002:
994:alpine streams
824:globally as a
778:
777:
775:
774:
715:(Moreau, 1881)
576:Salar gaimardi
568:Salar bailloni
528:Salmo caecifer
520:Salmo truttula
515:(Cuvier, 1829)
507:(Pallas, 1814)
499:(Walker, 1812)
491:(Walker, 1812)
488:Salmo taurinus
464:Salmo gadoides
403:(Gmelin, 1789)
395:(Gmelin, 1789)
392:Salmo stroemii
244:
243:
242:
239:
238:
232:
231:
199:
198:
194:
193:
184:
173:
172:
166:
165:
161:S. trutta
158:
156:
152:
151:
144:
140:
139:
134:
130:
129:
124:
120:
119:
117:Actinopterygii
114:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
84:
80:
79:
66:
65:
47:
44:
43:
38:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4436:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4381:
4379:
4362:
4357:
4353:
4349:
4344:
4340:
4336:
4331:
4327:
4323:
4318:
4314:
4310:
4305:
4301:
4297:
4291:
4287:
4282:
4278:
4274:
4269:
4265:
4261:
4256:
4252:
4248:
4242:
4238:
4233:
4229:
4225:
4220:
4216:
4212:
4207:
4203:
4199:
4194:
4190:
4186:
4181:
4177:
4173:
4168:
4164:
4160:
4155:
4151:
4147:
4142:
4138:
4134:
4129:
4125:
4121:
4116:
4112:
4108:
4103:
4099:
4095:
4090:
4086:
4082:
4077:
4073:
4069:
4063:
4059:
4054:
4050:
4046:
4041:
4037:
4032:
4026:
4022:
4017:
4011:
4007:
4006:
4004:
4002:
3998:
3994:
3989:
3978:
3973:
3967:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3882:
3880:
3878:
3877:
3870:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3858:Rainbow trout
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3825:
3823:
3821:
3820:
3815:
3814:Pacific basin
3812:Trout of the
3810:
3804:
3797:
3791:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3710:Fibreno trout
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3697:
3695:
3693:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3678:
3674:
3669:
3660:
3655:
3653:
3648:
3646:
3641:
3640:
3637:
3630:
3629:Linnaeus 1758
3628:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3616:
3612:
3608:
3607:
3603:
3591:on 2015-07-01
3587:
3583:
3579:
3572:
3570:
3563:
3559:
3553:
3549:
3544:
3540:
3534:
3530:
3525:
3521:
3515:
3511:
3506:
3502:
3500:9781405129916
3496:
3492:
3487:
3483:
3481:0-87691-129-7
3477:
3472:
3471:
3464:
3462:
3461:0-09-189780-7
3458:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3445:
3440:
3438:
3432:
3428:
3417:
3413:
3409:
3408:
3404:
3397:
3393:
3387:
3383:
3376:
3373:
3362:
3361:
3356:
3349:
3346:
3335:
3334:
3329:
3322:
3319:
3307:
3306:
3298:
3295:
3290:
3286:
3279:
3276:
3271:
3267:
3260:
3253:
3250:
3245:
3239:
3235:
3228:
3225:
3220:
3218:9780876911570
3214:
3210:
3205:
3204:
3195:
3192:
3187:
3181:
3177:
3170:
3167:
3162:
3161:
3153:
3150:
3139:on 2014-01-27
3138:
3134:
3132:
3129:"Translation-
3127:Andrew Herd.
3123:
3120:
3115:
3113:1-899600-19-1
3109:
3105:
3098:
3095:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3005:
3001:
3000:
2995:
2993:
2986:
2985:
2982:
2979:
2966:
2965:
2960:
2958:
2949:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2935:
2934:
2931:Brown Trout,
2927:
2924:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2898:Hydrobiologia
2892:
2889:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2857:
2854:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2822:
2819:
2814:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2783:Hydrobiologia
2777:
2774:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2730:
2727:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2687:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2666:
2663:
2657:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2633:
2630:
2618:
2614:
2612:
2604:
2601:
2588:
2584:
2578:
2576:
2572:
2560:
2556:
2554:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2537:
2525:
2521:
2515:
2513:
2509:
2504:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2452:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2438:
2433:
2430:
2425:
2421:
2420:"Brown Trout"
2415:
2412:
2407:
2401:
2397:
2390:
2387:
2382:
2376:
2372:
2365:
2362:
2357:
2355:0-87691-129-7
2351:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2324:
2313:on 2020-06-03
2312:
2308:
2302:
2299:
2294:
2288:
2284:
2281:
2277:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2261:
2256:
2250:
2246:
2243:
2239:
2233:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2215:
2214:
2210:
2204:
2201:
2197:
2191:
2188:
2184:
2178:
2175:
2163:
2157:
2154:
2149:
2145:
2130:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2116:
2111:
2109:
2100:
2097:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2083:
2073:
2067:
2065:
2061:
2055:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2040:American West
2032:
2028:
2026:
2022:
2021:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1995:
1990:
1980:
1974:
1971:
1964:
1962:
1958:
1955:The renowned
1949:
1943:
1939:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1901:
1900:
1894:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1869:
1867:
1863:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1851:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1809:South America
1806:
1805:North America
1802:
1801:sport fishing
1798:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1765:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1741:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1706:invertebrates
1702:
1696:
1694:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1657:
1648:
1643:
1636:
1635:River Derwent
1631:
1624:
1619:
1611:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1592:
1588:
1586:
1582:
1576:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1554:
1551:
1543:
1540:February 2021
1532:
1529:
1525:
1522:
1518:
1515:
1511:
1508:
1504:
1501: –
1500:
1499:"Brown trout"
1496:
1495:Find sources:
1489:
1485:
1479:
1478:
1473:This section
1471:
1467:
1462:
1461:
1455:
1453:
1449:
1447:
1443:
1442:Younger Dryas
1439:
1435:
1431:
1426:
1424:
1420:
1415:
1411:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1384:introgression
1381:
1377:
1373:
1364:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1348:
1347:Baldwin River
1344:
1339:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1299:
1294:
1290:
1289:Spencer Baird
1286:
1282:
1279:, a New York
1278:
1269:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1231:
1229:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1205:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1167:
1166:River Derwent
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1095:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1044:Carl Linnaeus
1041:
1040:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1003:
1001:
995:
991:
987:
983:
982:potamodromous
979:
974:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
935:Great Britain
932:
928:
924:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
900:
895:
891:
890:North America
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
866:
862:
857:
853:
849:
845:
840:
838:
834:
831:
827:
823:
819:
816:and parts of
815:
811:
807:
806:
802:
798:
795:
791:
790:
785:
769:
761:
753:
745:
737:
731:(Fatio, 1890)
729:
723:(Fatio, 1890)
721:
713:
712:Trutta marina
707:(Lunel, 1874)
705:
697:
689:
688:Salmo oxianus
681:
673:
665:
657:
649:
641:
640:Salmo mistops
633:
625:
617:
609:
601:
593:
585:
577:
569:
561:
553:
552:Salar ausonii
545:
537:
529:
521:
513:
512:Salmo lemanus
505:
504:Salmo spurius
497:
496:Salmo montana
489:
481:
473:
465:
457:
449:
441:
433:
425:
417:
409:
401:
393:
385:
379:(Strøm, 1784)
377:
369:
368:Salmo illanca
361:
360:Trutta marina
353:
345:
337:
329:
321:
313:
305:
297:
289:
288:Trutta trutta
281:
273:
267:(Rutty, 1772)
265:
257:
253:
248:
240:
237:
233:
230:
229:
225:
224:Salmo trutta
221:
220:
216:
215:Salmo trutta
211:
210:
206:
200:
195:
191:
187:
182:
180:
174:
171:
170:Binomial name
167:
163:
162:
157:
154:
153:
150:
149:
145:
142:
141:
138:
135:
132:
131:
128:
127:Salmoniformes
125:
122:
121:
118:
115:
112:
111:
108:
105:
102:
101:
98:
95:
92:
91:
88:
85:
82:
81:
76:
71:
67:
61:
56:
55:Least Concern
45:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
4058:Salmo_trutta
4045:Salmo_trutta
4031:Salmo trutta
4001:Salmo trutta
4000:
3950:Silver trout
3945:Orkney charr
3874:
3848:Golden trout
3828:Apache trout
3819:Oncorhynchus
3817:
3760:Prespa trout
3745:Marble trout
3704:
3689:
3627:Salmo trutta
3626:
3593:. Retrieved
3586:the original
3581:
3577:
3568:
3547:
3528:
3509:
3490:
3469:
3452:
3442:
3437:Salmo trutta
3436:
3419:. Retrieved
3395:
3381:
3375:
3364:. Retrieved
3358:
3348:
3337:. Retrieved
3331:
3321:
3310:. Retrieved
3304:
3297:
3288:
3284:
3278:
3269:
3265:
3252:
3233:
3227:
3202:
3194:
3176:Quill Gordon
3175:
3169:
3159:
3152:
3141:. Retrieved
3137:the original
3130:
3122:
3103:
3097:
3077:
3073:
3003:
2997:
2992:Salmo trutta
2991:
2981:
2969:. Retrieved
2962:
2957:Salmo trutta
2956:
2948:
2933:Salmo trutta
2932:
2926:
2901:
2897:
2891:
2866:
2862:
2856:
2831:
2827:
2821:
2786:
2782:
2776:
2746:(1): 59–71.
2743:
2739:
2736:Salmo trutta
2735:
2729:
2696:
2692:
2686:
2665:
2646:
2642:
2632:
2620:. Retrieved
2616:
2611:Salmo trutta
2610:
2603:
2591:. Retrieved
2586:
2562:. Retrieved
2558:
2553:Salmo trutta
2552:
2527:. Retrieved
2523:
2466:
2462:
2451:
2432:
2423:
2414:
2395:
2389:
2370:
2364:
2341:
2315:. Retrieved
2311:the original
2301:
2283:
2279:
2245:
2241:
2232:
2224:
2212:
2211:Salmo trutta
2208:
2203:
2195:
2190:
2182:
2177:
2166:. Retrieved
2156:
2133:. Retrieved
2119:
2113:
2108:Salmo trutta
2107:
2099:
2078:
2071:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2051:
2037:
2024:
2018:
1992:
1985:
1978:
1966:
1961:Izaak Walton
1956:
1954:
1947:
1941:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1905:
1897:
1870:
1848:
1794:
1784:
1766:
1762:
1742:
1697:
1690:
1660:
1655:
1652:
1577:
1568:
1561:
1546:
1537:
1527:
1520:
1513:
1506:
1494:
1482:Please help
1477:verification
1474:
1450:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1427:
1416:
1412:
1369:
1340:
1336:S. t. trutta
1335:
1304:Black Forest
1274:
1238:Newfoundland
1235:
1225:
1218:Indian Ocean
1179:South Africa
1160:hatchery in
1158:Plenty River
1153:
1142:River Itchen
1138:
1109:Arctic Ocean
1098:
1071:
1067:
1060:Salmo trutta
1059:
1047:
1038:
1024:
1017:
1010:Salmo trutta
1009:
1007:
975:
973:in Ireland.
970:
962:
959:West Country
954:
946:
938:
907:
903:
897:
881:
877:
873:
864:
861:Salmo trutta
860:
855:
841:
837:native range
818:North Africa
803:
789:Salmo trutta
788:
787:
783:
781:
767:
759:
751:
747:(Berg, 1908)
743:
735:
727:
719:
711:
703:
695:
687:
679:
671:
664:Salmo rappii
663:
655:
647:
639:
631:
623:
615:
607:
599:
595:(Knox, 1855)
591:
583:
575:
567:
559:
551:
543:
535:
527:
519:
511:
503:
495:
487:
479:
475:(Shaw, 1804)
472:Salmo phinoc
471:
463:
455:
447:
439:
431:
423:
415:
407:
399:
391:
383:
375:
367:
359:
351:
343:
335:
327:
319:
312:Trutta fario
311:
303:
295:
287:
279:
272:Fario trutta
271:
263:
255:
246:
227:
223:
218:
214:
208:
205:Salmo trutta
204:
202:
179:Salmo trutta
178:
176:
160:
159:
147:
24:Brown trout
18:
4335:brown-trout
4255:NatureServe
4180:iNaturalist
4025:Wikispecies
3920:Haddy charr
3905:Cole's char
3895:Brook trout
3885:Arctic char
3775:Sevan trout
3765:River trout
3755:Ohrid trout
3715:Ferox trout
3705:Brown trout
3569:Salmo fario
3010:: 692–718.
2804:10037/19124
2338:"Back Cast"
2135:12 November
2064:Salmo fario
1918:200 AD) in
1841:New Zealand
1817:New Zealand
1785:S. t. fario
1753:brook trout
1749:tiger trout
1726:fly fishing
1701:forage fish
1604:fishing net
1573:adipose fin
1569:Salmo salar
1406:within the
1404:fertilizers
1380:overfishing
1316:Cold Spring
1312:Long Island
1296: [
1277:Fred Mather
1222:brook trout
1202: [
1125:Afghanistan
1068:Salmo fario
971:white trout
927:headstreams
872:ecotype or
856:river trout
784:brown trout
424:Salmo albus
384:Salmo albus
344:Salmo eriox
296:Salmo fario
4378:Categories
3935:Lake trout
3900:Bull trout
3876:Salvelinus
3843:Gila trout
3735:Isli trout
3677:Salmonidae
3595:2014-11-19
3538:0198540906
3519:1852331178
3421:30 January
3366:2014-02-22
3339:2014-02-22
3312:2014-02-22
3185:0394469895
3143:2014-02-02
2317:2014-02-01
2194:E. Brown,
2168:2014-02-22
2092:References
2084:, and the
2007:Beaverkill
1959:(1653) by
1926:(1496) by
1859:allopatric
1845:Galaxiidae
1797:introduced
1668:Ohau Canal
1596:Galway Bay
1510:newspapers
1392:oxygenated
1372:endangered
1324:Seth Green
1306:region of
1064:anadromous
998:identical.
986:stratified
894:anadromous
886:lake trout
882:lake trout
870:lacustrine
848:subspecies
822:introduced
137:Salmonidae
3930:Lake char
3872:True char
3863:Steelhead
3770:Sea trout
3493:. Wiley.
3163:. London.
3058:164814120
3032:0022-1112
2144:cite iucn
2086:Falklands
2082:Patagonia
1908:game fish
1837:Australia
1813:Australia
1730:wet flies
1710:streambed
1708:from the
1676:Wisconsin
1438:S. trutta
1430:S. trutta
1400:pollution
1262:Falklands
1250:Argentina
1187:Himalayas
1150:Melbourne
1105:White Sea
904:S. trutta
899:sea trout
878:lacustris
874:S. trutta
826:game fish
814:West Asia
228:lacustris
155:Species:
93:Kingdom:
87:Eukaryota
4260:2.103603
4198:10570928
4141:FishBase
4065:BioLib:
4016:Q2857311
4010:Wikidata
3780:Sonaghen
3730:Gillaroo
3444:FishBase
3291:(2): 163
3050:31197849
2971:30 March
2937:Archived
2918:23870995
2813:23002949
2721:22650427
2622:30 March
2593:30 March
2564:30 March
2529:30 March
2503:27331397
2463:PLOS ONE
2440:Archived
2217:Archived
2074:, (1897)
2069:—
2003:Catskill
1981:, (1653)
1976:—
1945:—
1873:triploid
1772:nymphs.
1738:baitfish
1686:Waxworms
1623:Värmland
1581:Scotland
1423:food web
1260:and the
1244:and the
1162:Tasmania
1129:Pakistan
1121:Aral Sea
1016:epithet
1014:specific
1004:Taxonomy
951:Scotland
852:riverine
844:ecotypes
794:salmonid
236:Synonyms
186:Linnaeus
133:Family:
107:Chordata
103:Phylum:
97:Animalia
83:Domain:
60:IUCN 3.1
4159:8215487
3209:224–225
3133:Fishes"
3104:The Fly
3041:6771713
3012:Bibcode
2871:Bibcode
2836:Bibcode
2768:2401409
2748:Bibcode
2701:Bibcode
2494:4917132
2471:Bibcode
1888:Angling
1881:diploid
1877:anglers
1866:Corsica
1862:genomes
1789:Faroese
1745:hybrids
1647:Wyoming
1600:Ireland
1585:Germany
1524:scholar
1448:event.
1432:morpha
1191:Kashmir
1154:Norfolk
1117:Iceland
1111:to the
1056:animals
957:in the
947:finnock
931:Ireland
918:in the
906:morpha
892:); and
876:morpha
863:morpha
226:morpha
217:morpha
207:morpha
197:Morphs
143:Genus:
123:Order:
113:Class:
58: (
4361:127187
4348:688332
4322:127187
4293:NZOR:
4224:161997
4120:304750
4107:206777
3554:
3535:
3516:
3497:
3478:
3459:
3388:
3240:
3215:
3182:
3110:
3056:
3048:
3038:
3030:
2916:
2811:
2766:
2719:
2677:
2501:
2491:
2402:
2377:
2352:
2289:
2251:
1970:Gesner
1950:(1496)
1912:Aelian
1829:upland
1821:Bhutan
1770:baetid
1722:nymphs
1714:larvae
1526:
1519:
1512:
1505:
1497:
1388:oxygen
1376:stocks
1314:, the
1285:angler
1210:French
1195:Madras
1101:Norway
1033:Behnke
1025:trutta
1018:trutta
1012:. The
990:creeks
978:morphs
969:, and
920:gravel
912:oceans
908:trutta
810:Europe
209:trutta
4389:Salmo
4356:WoRMS
4244:NAS:
4237:19861
4211:65308
4193:IRMNG
4185:47518
4094:79CZL
4081:47318
4068:15808
3977:Trout
3691:Salmo
3673:Trout
3615:Trout
3589:(PDF)
3574:(PDF)
3262:(PDF)
3054:S2CID
3006:(3).
2914:S2CID
2809:S2CID
2764:JSTOR
2223:. In
1932:O.S.B
1916:circa
1833:Chile
1803:into
1787:in a
1734:lures
1718:pupae
1649:creek
1531:JSTOR
1517:books
1434:fario
1300:]
1254:Chile
1242:Yukon
1206:]
1183:Kenya
1171:Natal
1094:Wales
1078:Range
1029:trout
1022:Latin
943:Wales
939:sewin
916:spawn
865:fario
805:Salmo
801:genus
219:fario
148:Salmo
4330:ODNR
4317:OBIS
4309:2180
4286:8032
4281:NCBI
4232:IUCN
4219:ITIS
4167:GISD
4154:GBIF
4076:BOLD
3552:ISBN
3533:ISBN
3514:ISBN
3495:ISBN
3476:ISBN
3457:ISBN
3423:2006
3386:ISBN
3272:(4).
3238:ISBN
3213:ISBN
3180:ISBN
3108:ISBN
3046:PMID
3028:ISSN
2973:2023
2717:PMID
2675:ISBN
2624:2023
2595:2023
2566:2023
2531:2023
2499:PMID
2400:ISBN
2375:ISBN
2350:ISBN
2346:7–23
2287:ISBN
2249:ISBN
2148:help
2137:2021
2120:2011
2009:and
1799:for
1759:Diet
1583:and
1503:news
1283:and
1258:Peru
1208:, a
1193:and
1173:and
1127:and
1103:and
1054:for
992:and
963:mort
955:peal
933:and
923:beds
868:; a
782:The
190:1758
4268:NBN
4247:931
4206:ISC
4146:238
4102:EoL
4089:CoL
4053:AFD
4040:ADW
3289:XXX
3082:doi
3036:PMC
3020:doi
2906:doi
2902:663
2879:doi
2844:doi
2799:hdl
2791:doi
2787:497
2756:doi
2709:doi
2651:doi
2489:PMC
2479:doi
2124:doi
2046:in
1670:in
1486:by
1338:).
1177:of
1148:to
1031:".
965:in
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925:of
902:or
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858:or
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