554:(CPRE) reported that the 17,656 sites (covering over 28,000 hectares of land) identified by English local planning authorities on their Brownfield Land Registers would provide enough land for a minimum of 1 million homes, which could rise to over 1.1 million once all registers are published. The registers contain land that is available for redevelopment so is a small subset of all land that would be considered brownfield. There is also brownfield capacity in areas in which the green belt is in danger, for example in Northwest England, where local authorities have identified enough brownfield land to provide for 12 years of housing demand.
1040:
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213:
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sites in the US, some environmental firms have teamed up with insurance companies to underwrite the cleanup and provide a guaranteed cleanup cost to limit land developers' exposure to environmental remediation costs and pollution lawsuits. The environmental firm first performs an extensive investigation generally in the form of desk studies and potentially further intrusive investigation.
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200:(NPPF). The government of the United Kingdom refers to them both as: "Land which is or was occupied by a permanent structure, including the curtilage of the developed land (although it should not be assumed that the whole of the curtilage should be developed) and any associated fixed surface infrastructure."
147:(EPA) defined brownfield as a property where expansion, redevelopment or reuse may be complicated by the presence or potential presence of a hazardous substance, pollutant or contaminant. This comports well with an available general definition of the term, which scopes to "industrial or commercial property".
885:
containing wastes are sometimes encountered. Unexpected circumstances increase the cost for study and clean-up. As a result, the cleanup work may be delayed or stopped entirely. To avoid unexpected contamination and increased costs, many developers insist that a site be thoroughly investigated (via a
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of the brownfield site may be affected by the contamination, both before and after remediation. Additionally, the value should take into account residual stigma and potential for third-party liability. Normal appraisal techniques frequently fail, and appraisers must rely on more advanced techniques,
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The federal government exercises some control over environmental protection, the "provincial and territorial governments issue the bulk of legislation regarding contaminated sites." Under the Shared-Responsibility
Contaminated Sites Policy Framework (2005), the government may provide funding for the
399:
The provincial governments have primary responsibility for brownfields. The provinces' legal mechanisms for managing risk are limited, as there are no tools such as "No
Further Action" letters to give property owners finality and certainty in the cleanup and reuse process. Yet, Canada has cleaned up
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has an estimated 200,000 "contaminated sites" across the nation. As of 2016, Canada had about 23,078 federally recognized contamination sites, from abandoned mines, to airports, lighthouse stations, and military bases, which are classified into N 1,2,or 3, depending on a score of contamination, with
474:
lacks the large land base which creates the magnitude of brownfield issues facing countries such as
Germany and the U.S., brownfield sites in areas critical to the local economies of Denmark's cities require sophisticated solutions and careful interaction with affected communities. Examples include
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and its private sector predecessors. By 2010 it was projected that it would cost well over a billion dollars for the soil remediation project, it was the largest such cleanup in
Canadian history. The effort is projected to be complete in 2022. In July 2015 the $ 86,847,474 contract "to relocate the
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have left entire regions in a brownfield status. There are legal and fiscal incentives for brownfield redevelopment. Remediation laws are centered on the premise that the remediation should leave land safe and suitable for its current or intended use. In 2018, the
Campaign to Protect Rural England
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loses greenfields at a rate of about 1.2 square kilometres per day for settlement and transportation infrastructure. Each of the approximately 14,700 local municipalities is empowered to allocate lands for industrial and commercial use. Local control over reuse decisions of German brownfield sites
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and the Ministère de l'Écologie, du Développement
Durable et de l'Énergie (MEDDE) maintains a database of polluted sites named BASOL, with "more than 4000 sites". of about 300,000 to 400,000 potentially polluted sites total (around 100,000 ha), in a historical inventory named BASIAS, maintained by
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study has suggested a 17.5:1 return on dollars invested on brownfield redevelopment. A 2014 study of EPA brownfield cleanup grants from 2002 through 2008 found an average benefit value of almost $ 4 million per brownfield site (with a median of $ 2,117,982). To expedite the cleanup of brownfield
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and marginally contaminated soils from an existing waste management facility on the shoreline of Lake
Ontario to the new, state-of-the-art facility about a kilometre north of the current site." was undertaken. There is also "$ 1.8 billion for general inventory sites" and "$ 200 million for other
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for the assessment, cleanup, and revitalization of brownfields as well as unique technical and program management experience, and public and environmental health expertise to individual brownfield communities. The motivation for this act was the success of the EPA's brownfields program, which it
415:
According to their 2014 report on federally listed contaminated sites, the
Parliamentary Budget Officer estimated that the "total liability for remediating Canada's contaminated sites reported in the public accounts $ 4.9 billion." The report listed significant sites called the Big Five with a
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They exclude land that: "is or has been occupied by agricultural or forestry buildings; has been developed for minerals extraction or waste disposal by landfill purposes where provision for restoration has been made through development control procedures; land in built-up areas such as private
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within different countries. The main difference in definitions of whether a piece of land is considered a brownfield or not depends on the presence or absence of pollution. Overall, brownfield land is a site previously developed for industrial or commercial purposes and thus requires further
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as they grow over. However, redevelopment has become more common in the first decade of the 21st century, as developable land has become less available in highly populated areas, and brownfields contribute to environmental stigma which can delay redevelopment. Also, the methods of studying
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started in the 1990s in response to several court cases that caused lenders to redline contaminated property for fear of liability under the
Superfund. As of September 2023, the EPA estimates that the EPA Brownfields program has resulted in 134,414 acres of land readied for reuse.
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on local brownfield sites, to quantify the cleanup costs in an effort to move the redevelopment process forward. Therefore, federal and state programs have been developed to help developers interested in cleaning up brownfield sites and restoring them to practical uses.
725:, which uses deep-rooted plants to soak up metals in soils into the plant structure as the plant grows. After they reach maturity, the plants – which now contain the heavy metal contaminants in their tissues – are removed and disposed of as hazardous waste.
510:
has found 1,521 hectares of brownfield land in Hong Kong, and has found that almost 90% of existing uses of the land could easily be moved into multi-story buildings, freeing up land that could be used efficiently for housing. In June 2021, Liber
Research Community and
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The Federal Government of Canada defines brownfields as "abandoned, idle or underutilized commercial or industrial properties where past actions have caused environmental contamination, but which still have potential for redevelopment or other economic opportunities."
1123:
may ask for a desktop study, which is sometimes implemented as a condition in planning applications. However by definition land that is derelict or underused is highly unlikely to be determined as contaminated land – primarily due to risks to human health.
121:. Previously unknown underground wastes can increase the cost for study and clean-up. Depending on the contaminants and damage present adaptive re-use and disposal of a brownfield can require advanced and specialized appraisal analysis techniques.
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Planning Commission. EPA selected Cuyahoga County as its first brownfield pilot project in September 1993. The term applies more generally to previously used land or to sections of industrial or commercial facilities that are to be upgraded.
533:) is a critical factor. Industrial sites tend to be remote due to zoning laws, and incur costly overhead for providing infrastructure such as utilities, disposal services and transportation. In 1989, a brownfield of the Ruhrgebiet became
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residential gardens, parks, recreation grounds and allotments; and land that was previously developed but where the remains of the permanent structure or fixed surface structure have blended into the landscape in the process of time."
1099:. The EPA and local and national governments can provide technical help and some funding for assessment and cleanup. From 2002 through 2013, the EPA awarded nearly 1,000 clean-up grants for almost $ 190 million. It can also provide
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795:. Development of brownfield sites also presents an opportunity to reduce the environmental impact on communities, and considerable assessments need to take place in order to evaluate the size of this opportunity.
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beneath a site. Binders can be added to contaminated soil to prevent chemical leaching. Some brownfields with heavy metal contamination have even been cleaned up through an innovative approach called
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Many contaminated brownfield sites sit unused for decades because the cost of cleaning them to safe standards is more than the land would be worth after redevelopment, in the process becoming
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In Situ bioremediation, a method used to remove pollution from the soil located on brownfield land. This method is done on site instead of taking it elsewhere for processing.
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in the year they are incurred. Many of the most important provisions on liability relief are contained in state codes that can differ significantly from state to state.
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where investment moves to greenfields for new development due to severe, no-fault liability schemes and other disincentives. The Clinton-Gore administration and US
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caliber (the most contaminated) in the country. While historic land use patterns created contaminated sites, the Superfund law has been criticized as creating the
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768:. The intent is to see if the plants can serve two purposes simultaneously: assist with phytoremediation, and contribute to the economical production of
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field hearing hosted by the Northeast Midwest Congressional Coalition. Also in 1992, the first detailed policy analysis of the issue was convened by the
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Mayer, Henry J.; Greenburg, Michael R. (August 2001). "Coming Back from Economic Despair: Case Studies of Small- and Medium-Size American Cities".
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717:. In this process, vapor from the soil phase is extracted from soils and treated, which has the effect of removing contaminants from the soils and
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collaborated and found a new total of 1,950 hectares of brownfield sites, 379 more hectares than the government was previously able to locate.
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The UK government has recognised the ecological importance of brownfield sites and has afforded some protection to such habitats through the
479:'s historic waterfront. Laws in Denmark require a higher degree of coordination of planning and reuse than is found in many other countries.
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Phytoremediation, a method that can be used to remove pollutants from brownfield land. It uses plants to take up pollutants from the soil.
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1119:; responsibility falls on local authorities to create a "contaminated land register". For sites with dubious past and present uses, the
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of industry. This directly affects brownfield reuse, such as limiting the effective economic life of the use on the revitalized sites.
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wastes in Canada, resulting from "radium and uranium processing in Port Hope between 1933 and 1988 by the former Crown corporation
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Brownfield status is a legal designation which places restrictions, conditions or incentives on redevelopment and use on the site.
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5,300 active contaminated sites, 2,300 suspected sites and 15,000 listed as closed because remediated or no action was necessary.
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Many contaminated post-industrial brownfield sites sit unused because the cleaning costs may be more than the land is worth after
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2016:
826:
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301:
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Pedestrians walking along hillside path in Seonyudo Park, Seoul, South Korea which was developed from a former brownfield site
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remediation of nonfederal sites, if the contamination is related to federal government activities or national security. See
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1989:
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Generally, post industrial brownfield sites exist in a city's or town's industrial section, on locations with abandoned
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The key regulation of brownfield land is through the land use planning system when a new land use is being considered.
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2331:
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412:. However, Imperial Oil has no plans to sell the 75-acre (30 ha) property which has been vacant since the 1980s.
31:
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sites into high-end residential, shopping, and offices. Examples of brownfield redevelopment in Pittsburgh include:
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The first online page is archived; the page containing information related here is not in the archived version.
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Research is under way to see if some brownfields can be used to grow crops, specifically for the production of
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In the United Kingdom, brownfield land and previously developed land (PDL) have the same definition under the
1357:"Sticks and Stones: The Impact of the Definitions of Brownfield in Policies on Socio-Economic Sustainability"
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713:. Often, these strategies are used in conjunction with each other or with other remedial strategies such as
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The primary issue facing all nations involved in attracting and sustaining new uses to brownfield sites is
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1008:
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From Brownfield to Greenfield: A New Working Landscape for Wellesley College Wrenched from its Toxic Past
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1318:"Exploring expert perception towards brownfield redevelopment benefits according to their typology"
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Developing brownfield land is considered by the public as one of the most popular ways to increase
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Acquisition, adaptive re-use, and disposal of a brownfield site requires advanced and specialized
212:
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techniques used at distressed brownfields in recent years include in situ thermal remediation,
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1095:(EPA). In 1995, the EPA launched the Brownfields Program, which was expanded in 2002 with the
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1004:, a mixed-use development that includes high-end entertainment, retail, offices, and housing.
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site has a liability of $ 1 billion. Port Hope has the largest volume of historic low-level
409:
175:
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2236:
1751:
1577:"Uncertainty analysis of remediation cost and damaged land value for brownfield investment"
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in order to attract technology-based firms to Dayton and revitalize the downtown area. In
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estimates suggest there are over 500,000 brownfield sites contaminated at levels below the
54:
is previously-developed land that has been abandoned or underutilized, and which may carry
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sites." The same report claimed the inventory currently lists 24,990 contaminated sites."
87:
2412:
2043:
1863:. Federal Contaminated Sites Portal, Environment Canada. October 3, 2016. Archived from
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1413:
1274:
Jacek, Guillaume; Rozan, Anne; Desrousseaux, Maylis; Combroux, Isabelle (May 18, 2021).
1219:
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Small brownfields also may be found in older residential neighborhoods, as for example
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are properties that the owners are not willing to transfer or put to productive reuse.
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71:
2701:
Browninfo Methodology and Software for Development of Interactive Brownfield Databases
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launched a series of brownfield policies and programs in 1993 to tackle this problem.
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dump for steel mills was turned into a $ 243 million residential development called
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3124:
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2021:
1767:"Summary of the Small Business Liability Relief and Brownfields Revitalization Act"
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773:
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the cleanup and redevelopment of former and current ship building facilities along
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rail yards. A strip of the Texaco lands in Mississauga is slated to be part of the
263:
236:
107:
83:
1967:
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1115:
In the United Kingdom, regulation of contaminated land comes from Part IIA of the
2046:. Ministère de l'Écologie, du Développement Durable et de l'Énergie (MEDDE). n.d.
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for cleanup that is not paid for outright; specifically, cleanup costs are fully
1030:, a waterfront center for commerce, manufacturing, recreation and upscale housing
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2253:
2124:"Hong Kong NGOs find enough unidentified brownfield sites to build 95,000 homes"
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1707:"Brownfield Regeneration: Waterfront Site Developments in Liverpool and Cologne"
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808:
761:
718:
640:
441:
417:
283:
247:
240:
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2519:
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1993:
1752:"Revitalizing Mothballed Properties: Challenges, Success Stories and Solutions"
1396:
Alker, Sandra; Joy, Victoria; Roberts, Peter; Smith, Nathan (January 1, 2000).
549:, centuries of industrial use of lands which once formed the birthplace of the
27:
Previous industrial or commercial land, often somewhat contaminated as a result
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4192:
4111:
3897:
3514:
2829:
2822:
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2790:
1685:
1494:"Brownfield Development: Uncertainty, Asymmetric Information, and Risk Premia"
1453:"Brownfield Development: Uncertainty, Asymmetric Information, and Risk Premia"
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970:
476:
425:
225:
1861:"Inventory of Sites-How many federal contaminated sites are there in Canada?"
1738:
1608:
1558:
1519:
1478:
1429:
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In the process of cleaning contaminated brownfield sites, previously unknown
43:
Example of brownfield land after excavation at a disused gasworks site, with
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3826:
3778:
3752:
3700:
3534:
3496:
3246:
3236:
2908:
2770:
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2215:
1819:"National Planning Policy Framework - Annex 2: Glossary - Guidance - GOV.UK"
997:
890:
or Remedial Investigation) prior to commencing remedial cleanup activities.
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255:
99:
55:
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is governed mainly by state environmental agencies in cooperation with the
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In Herr's Island, a 17-hectare (42-acre) island on the western bank of the
922:
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An abandoned factory, an example of what may be considered brownfield land
17:
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2072:"Brownfield site use and reclamation 'most popular' land supply options"
1026:, a former rail stop for livestock and meatpacking was transformed into
1015:
steel mill site was transformed into a $ 104 million office park called
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Some states and localities have spent considerable money assessing the
833: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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665: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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or commercial buildings, or other previously polluting operations like
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the Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maitrise de l'Energie (ADEME).
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3836:
3816:
3710:
3385:
2878:
2709:
2098:"Government 'exaggerated constraints' in freeing up brownfield sites"
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1791:
1789:
1451:
Trouw, Michael; Weiler, Stephan; Silverstein, Jesse (March 6, 2020).
944:
784:
757:
570:
392:
1492:
Trouw, Michael; Weiler, Stephan; Silverstein, Jesse (January 2020).
2388:"Brownfields may turn green with help from Michigan State research"
246:
Typical contaminants found on contaminated brownfield land include
4564:
4519:
4448:
4426:
3846:
3788:
3129:
3061:
2959:
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2659:
1276:"Brownfields over the years: from definition to sustainable reuse"
1183:
Small Business Liability Relief and Brownfields Revitalization Act
1038:
921:
913:
897:
753:
727:
692:
211:
172:
Small Business Liability Relief and Brownfields Revitalization Act
38:
943:, was the largest brownfield redevelopment in the United States.
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2629:
Concerted Action on Brownfield and Economic Regeneration Network
982:
259:
111:
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2280:. New Castle, Delaware: Gannett. DelawareOnline. Archived from
1254:. Washington, D.C.: Environmental Law Institute. Archived from
918:
Residential development at former brownfield site in New Jersey
78:
Examples of post industrial brownfield sites include abandoned
2514:
1966:(News release). Ottawa, Ontario. July 30, 2015. Archived from
1771:
802:
634:
573:
is an urban wildlife centre encompassing brownfield habitats.
277:
2193:"Planning for Brownfield Biodiversity: A Best Practice Guide"
1711:
Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management
866:
contaminated land have become more sophisticated and costly.
2714:
2252:
Article Author of "Valuation of Brownfields", Chapter 29 in
1645:. Environment and Climate Change Canada. November 10, 2018.
2669:
2547:. National Conference of State Legislatures. Archived from
174:(the "Brownfields Law") which provides grants and tools to
2665:
Parents Demand Curbs on Schools Built on Contaminated Land
1886:
Environment and Climate Change Canada (December 7, 2022).
1686:"Brownfields Program Achievements Linked to Early Success"
1575:
Chen, I-Chun; Chuo, Yu-Yu; Ma, Hwong-wen (April 1, 2019).
2496:"U.S. Landfills Are Getting a Second Life as Solar Farms"
270:. Old maps may assist in identifying areas to be tested.
959:
has been converted into a successful commercial center,
791:
restrictions as well as their potential to promote the
2674:
2597:"Desktop Study Reports - London, Bristol & Exeter"
947:, like many other cities in the region, is developing
2631:(Report). University of Nottingham. 2006. p. 3.
2150:"Emscher Park: From dereliction to scenic landscapes"
902:
Brownfield relic serves as monument in a new park in
2696:
The Brownfields Center at Carnegie Mellon University
1570:
1568:
1535:"Evaluating predictors for brownfield redevelopment"
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3003:
2968:
2761:
308:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2313:"How Much Cleaning Up Brownfields Is Really Worth"
2175:"What are the barriers to brownfield development?"
1691:. EPA. October 2006. Fact sheet. EPA 560-F-06-267.
1324:. Regional Intelligence: A new kind of GIScience.
1960:"Contracts Awarded for Port Hope Area Initiative"
1954:
1952:
1355:Tang, Yu-Ting; Nathanail, C. Paul (May 3, 2012).
243:produced high levels of subsurface contaminants.
30:"Brownfield" redirects here. For other uses, see
2572:"What is a Phase 1 Preliminary Risk Assessment?"
2362:"ASLA 2011 Professional Awards | The Steel Yard"
1670:. Washington, D.C. July 26, 2021. Archived from
1402:Journal of Environmental Planning and Management
622:, case studies, or statistical analyses. A 2011
4612:Town and country planning in the United Kingdom
2058:"Les friches urbaines dans les SCoT et les PLU"
1700:
1698:
2158:. Kopenhagen. January 21, 2014. Archived from
1914:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1311:
1309:
4033:
2730:
2332:"Commercial development on contaminated land"
2044:"9. Combien y a-t-il de sites pollués ?"
1930:. Ottawa, Ontario. p. 41. Archived from
1813:
1811:
1666:United States Environmental Protection Agency
969:, has successfully converted numerous former
8:
2468:"Building a City Within the City of Atlanta"
2216:"About Us : Creekside Discovery Centre"
1919:Story, Rod; Yalkin, Tolga (April 10, 2014).
1316:Loures, Luis; Vaz, Eric (February 1, 2018).
1269:
1267:
1265:
764:growing in a former industrial dump site in
528:
488:
2686:From Industrial Wasteland to Community Park
2017:"Port Hope properties tested for radiation"
1841:
1839:
154:first came into use on June 28, 1992, at a
4040:
4026:
4018:
2737:
2723:
2715:
1242:
1240:
1849:. UK: Crown Copyright. November 10, 2016.
1722:
1509:
1468:
1372:
849:Learn how and when to remove this message
681:Learn how and when to remove this message
368:Learn how and when to remove this message
2306:
2304:
2302:
1739:"Superfund: A Half Century of Progress."
3878:Pollutant release and transfer register
2173:Greenland, Martin (February 26, 2018).
1661:"Overview of EPA's Brownfields Program"
1649:from the original on November 10, 2018.
1214:
1212:
1208:
787:countries has gained prominence due to
779:The regeneration of brownfields in the
559:United Kingdom Biodiversity Action Plan
4622:Urban studies and planning terminology
2660:United States EPA Brownfields Homepage
2599:. Southwest Environmental Limited. n.d
1705:Maliene V, Wignall L, Malys N (2012).
613:analysis techniques. For example, the
47:from removed underground storage tanks
2235:. Greenfield Advisors. Archived from
1089:Brownfield regulation and development
1078:Brownfield regulation and development
7:
3968:
3209:Electromagnetic radiation and health
2682:cosponsored by the U.S. EPA and ICMA
2675:Photographies of German Brownfields.
2670:Photographies of French Brownfields.
1888:"Action plan for contaminated sites"
831:adding citations to reliable sources
663:adding citations to reliable sources
306:adding citations to reliable sources
145:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
3984:
3976:
3067:Radium and radon in the environment
2622:Sustainable Brownfield Regeneration
2342:from the original on March 17, 2021
1741:EPA Alumni Association. March 2016.
748:and NextEnergy, has small plots of
2015:Carola Vyhnak (November 9, 2010).
1928:Parliamentary Budget Officer (PBO)
1799:National Planning Policy Framework
881:, buried drums or buried railroad
487:In France, brownfields are called
400:sites and attracted investment to
198:National Planning Policy Framework
25:
2270:Montgomery, Jeff (May 14, 2011).
1921:"Federal Contaminated Sites Cost"
1737:Thomas Voltaggio and John Adams.
1643:Federal Contaminated Sites Portal
1601:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.116
1178:Regulatory Barriers Clearinghouse
1174:(unused mills being re-developed)
1117:Environmental Protection Act 1990
4581:
4002:
3992:
3983:
3975:
3967:
3955:
3954:
1551:10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.01.008
1334:10.1016/j.habitatint.2016.11.003
807:
639:
282:
62:use. The specific definition of
4475:Residential cluster development
2781:Atmospheric dispersion modeling
2680:National Brownfields Conference
2311:Kriston Capps (July 29, 2014).
1248:"Glossary of Brownfields Terms"
1093:Environmental Protection Agency
1000:mill site was transformed into
818:needs additional citations for
650:needs additional citations for
293:needs additional citations for
90:. Typical contaminants include
58:, or a risk of pollution, from
4127:Shopping streets and districts
2441:Economic Development Quarterly
1765:US EPA, OLEM (July 24, 2014).
1754:. EPA. 2008. EPA 560-R-08-003.
1533:Green, T. L. (April 1, 2018).
1398:"The Definition of Brownfield"
1:
3269:Electrical resistance heating
2179:Developmentfinancetoday.co.uk
1847:"Contaminated land -Overview"
1805:. Retrieved February 9, 2023.
1172:Redevelopment of Mumbai mills
4253:Model dwellings for the poor
2921:Persistent organic pollutant
2386:University, Michigan State.
1724:10.3846/16486897.2012.659030
1017:Pittsburgh Technology Center
955:, the site once occupied by
416:liability of $ 1.8 billion:
274:Brownfield status by country
3931:Least polluted cities by PM
2545:"Brownfields Overview Page"
2510:"Brownfields Tax Incentive"
2272:"Cleaning up contamination"
2258:Brownfield Law and Practice
2230:"John A. Kilpatrick Resume"
1990:"Port Hope Area Initiative"
1220:"Brownfield land registers"
888:Phase II Site Investigation
32:Brownfield (disambiguation)
4638:
3873:Pollution haven hypothesis
3796:Brain health and pollution
3034:Ecological light pollution
2864:Internal combustion engine
2454:10.1177/089124240101500301
2155:Danish Architecture Centre
1639:"About contaminated sites"
1144:(brownfield turned into a
1075:
931:Commercial and residential
563:Creekside Discovery Centre
208:Locations and contaminants
75:development before reuse.
29:
4578:
3952:
3676:Nonpoint source pollution
3596:War and environmental law
2955:Volatile organic compound
2752:
2570:Environmental, Oakshire.
2330:Environmental, Oakshire.
2060:. ADEME. August 28, 2014.
879:underground storage tanks
742:Michigan State University
66:varies and is decided by
4049:Real estate developments
3135:Marine mammals and sonar
3046:Radio spectrum pollution
2128:South China Morning Post
2102:South China Morning Post
2076:South China Morning Post
1964:Natural Resources Canada
1121:Local Planning Authority
967:Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
766:Oakland County, Michigan
744:, in collaboration with
508:Liber Research Community
460:Natural Resources Canada
446:Eldorado Nuclear Limited
168:President George W. Bush
4258:Multifamily residential
3981:WikiProject Environment
3939:Most polluted countries
3883:Polluter pays principle
3614:Agricultural wastewater
1061:that is converted to a
1011:neighborhood, a former
996:neighborhood, a former
987:Summerset at Frick Park
981:neighborhood, a former
953:Homestead, Pennsylvania
894:Post-redevelopment uses
605:Valuation and financing
258:, heavy metals such as
4208:Conservation community
3999:Environment portal
3232:Agricultural pollution
2576:Oakshire Environmental
2417:sustainablebuild.co.uk
2336:Oakshire Environmental
1422:10.1080/09640560010766
1087:In the United States,
1050:
1046:on a full landfill in
1009:Hazelwood (Pittsburgh)
927:
919:
911:
733:
698:
631:Remediation strategies
624:University of Delaware
529:
489:
217:
183:Mothballed brownfields
48:
4303:Single-room occupancy
4248:Mixed-use development
4233:Intentional community
4218:Golf course community
4080:Mixed-use development
3654:Industrial wastewater
3520:Clutter (advertising)
3428:Municipal solid waste
3274:Soil guideline values
3118:Sustainable transport
3011:Information pollution
2811:Open burning of waste
1322:Habitat International
1280:Environmental Reviews
1258:on February 26, 2015.
1076:Further information:
1057:is a repurposed used
1042:
925:
917:
901:
731:
715:soil vapor extraction
696:
590:brownfield phenomenon
551:Industrial Revolution
490:friches industrielles
215:
160:Cuyahoga County, Ohio
42:
4372:Garden city movement
4288:Retirement community
3926:Most polluted cities
3619:Biological pollution
3530:Overhead power lines
2551:on November 28, 2009
2525:on February 12, 2011
2419:. September 11, 2006
2317:The Atlantic Monthly
2162:on October 31, 2014.
1292:10.1139/er-2021-0017
1142:Brockton Brightfield
1028:Washington's Landing
827:improve this article
659:improve this article
620:contingent valuation
615:highest and best use
513:Greenpeace East Asia
504:housing in Hong Kong
302:improve this article
86:establishments, and
4535:Planning permission
4278:Residential airpark
4263:Penthouse apartment
4150:Industrial district
3989:WikiProject Ecology
3686:Ocean acidification
3591:Unexploded ordnance
3462:Post-consumer waste
3322:Foam food container
3300:Biodegradable waste
2874:Global distillation
2104:. December 20, 2018
2078:. September 2, 2018
1593:2019Chmsp.220..371C
1414:2000JEPM...43...49A
449:historic low-level
4607:Soil contamination
4588:Housing portal
4160:Technology centers
4009:Ecology portal
3893:Waste minimisation
3868:Industrial ecology
3863:Cleaner production
3681:Nutrient pollution
3558:Herbicidal warfare
3352:Construction waste
2988:Introduced species
2859:Indoor air quality
2786:Chlorofluorocarbon
2473:The New York Times
2413:"Brownfield Sites"
1996:on August 20, 2009
1970:on August 25, 2015
1937:on August 27, 2021
1511:10.3390/su12052046
1470:10.3390/su12052046
1252:Brownfields Center
1137:Greenfield project
1051:
1013:Jones and Laughlin
928:
920:
912:
734:
699:
438:Port Hope, Ontario
434:Goose Bay Air Base
430:Cape Dyer-DEW line
402:contaminated lands
239:establishments or
218:
156:U.S. congressional
49:
45:soil contamination
4594:
4593:
4550:Regional planning
4510:Land-use planning
4392:Urban green space
4387:Planned community
4322:Science/education
4268:Private community
4015:
4014:
3888:Pollution control
3568:Nuclear holocaust
3477:Thermal treatment
3445:Plastic pollution
3362:Mercury poisoning
3315:Battery recycling
3214:Radioactive waste
2983:Genetic pollution
2978:Biological hazard
2776:Air quality index
2648:on April 2, 2015.
2256:Matthew Bender's
1867:on April 19, 2017
1674:on June 30, 2019.
1374:10.3390/su4050840
1162:Industrial nature
1146:solar power plant
863:involuntary parks
859:
858:
851:
793:urban renaissance
711:in situ oxidation
691:
690:
683:
451:radioactive waste
378:
377:
370:
352:
317:"Brownfield land"
176:local governments
16:(Redirected from
4629:
4586:
4585:
4584:
4339:Satellite campus
4283:Residential area
4238:Luxury apartment
4198:Closed community
4145:Business cluster
4042:
4035:
4028:
4019:
4007:
4006:
4005:
3997:
3996:
3987:
3986:
3979:
3978:
3971:
3970:
3958:
3957:
3832:Legacy pollution
3691:Oil exploitation
3553:Chemical warfare
3467:Waste management
3374:Industrial waste
3342:Biomedical waste
3310:Electronic waste
3295:Advertising mail
3279:Phytoremediation
3254:Land degradation
3039:Overillumination
2993:Invasive species
2739:
2732:
2725:
2716:
2649:
2647:
2641:. Archived from
2626:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2593:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2582:
2567:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2541:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2530:
2524:
2518:. Archived from
2506:
2500:
2499:
2492:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2464:
2458:
2457:
2435:
2429:
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2424:
2409:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2398:
2383:
2377:
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2374:
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2358:
2352:
2351:
2349:
2347:
2327:
2321:
2320:
2308:
2297:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2277:The News Journal
2267:
2261:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2242:on July 11, 2011
2241:
2234:
2226:
2220:
2219:
2212:
2206:
2205:
2197:
2189:
2183:
2182:
2170:
2164:
2163:
2146:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2120:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2109:
2094:
2088:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2068:
2062:
2061:
2054:
2048:
2047:
2040:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2012:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1992:. Archived from
1986:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1956:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1936:
1925:
1916:
1903:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1883:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1843:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1815:
1806:
1795:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1762:
1756:
1755:
1748:
1742:
1735:
1729:
1728:
1726:
1702:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1682:
1676:
1675:
1657:
1651:
1650:
1635:
1629:
1628:
1572:
1563:
1562:
1530:
1524:
1523:
1513:
1489:
1483:
1482:
1472:
1448:
1442:
1441:
1393:
1387:
1386:
1376:
1352:
1346:
1345:
1313:
1304:
1303:
1271:
1260:
1259:
1244:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1216:
992:In Pittsburgh's
977:In Pittsburgh's
937:Atlantic Station
908:Atlanta, Georgia
904:Atlantic Station
854:
847:
843:
840:
834:
811:
803:
723:phytoremediation
686:
679:
675:
672:
666:
643:
635:
532:
492:
410:Waterfront Trail
373:
366:
362:
359:
353:
351:
310:
286:
278:
262:(e.g., paints),
228:, refineries or
21:
4637:
4636:
4632:
4631:
4630:
4628:
4627:
4626:
4597:
4596:
4595:
4590:
4582:
4580:
4574:
4495:Greenfield land
4465:Brownfield land
4453:
4403:
4348:
4317:
4223:Gated community
4164:
4155:Industrial park
4131:
4117:Shopping center
4085:Office building
4075:Commercial area
4051:
4046:
4016:
4011:
4003:
4001:
3991:
3948:
3934:
3902:
3851:
3800:
3767:
3706:Pharmaceuticals
3696:Oil exploration
3600:
3572:Nuclear fallout
3539:
3501:
3483:
3457:Packaging waste
3411:Deep sea mining
3337:Hazardous waste
3283:
3264:Open defecation
3218:
3184:Nuclear fallout
3179:Nuclear fission
3155:
3081:
3050:
3021:Electromagnetic
3015:
2999:
2964:
2884:Ozone depletion
2757:
2748:
2743:
2706:Brownfield Land
2656:
2645:
2639:
2624:
2620:
2617:
2615:Further reading
2612:
2602:
2600:
2595:
2594:
2590:
2580:
2578:
2569:
2568:
2564:
2554:
2552:
2543:
2542:
2538:
2528:
2526:
2522:
2508:
2507:
2503:
2498:. June 2, 2022.
2494:
2493:
2489:
2479:
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2466:
2465:
2461:
2437:
2436:
2432:
2422:
2420:
2411:
2410:
2406:
2396:
2394:
2385:
2384:
2380:
2370:
2368:
2360:
2359:
2355:
2345:
2343:
2329:
2328:
2324:
2310:
2309:
2300:
2287:
2285:
2284:on May 25, 2024
2269:
2268:
2264:
2245:
2243:
2239:
2232:
2228:
2227:
2223:
2214:
2213:
2209:
2195:
2191:
2190:
2186:
2172:
2171:
2167:
2148:
2147:
2143:
2133:
2131:
2130:. June 10, 2021
2122:
2121:
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2070:
2069:
2065:
2056:
2055:
2051:
2042:
2041:
2037:
2027:
2025:
2014:
2013:
2009:
1999:
1997:
1988:
1987:
1983:
1973:
1971:
1958:
1957:
1950:
1940:
1938:
1934:
1923:
1918:
1917:
1906:
1896:
1894:
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1854:
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1837:
1827:
1825:
1817:
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1809:
1796:
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1777:
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1764:
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1759:
1750:
1749:
1745:
1736:
1732:
1704:
1703:
1696:
1688:
1684:
1683:
1679:
1659:
1658:
1654:
1637:
1636:
1632:
1574:
1573:
1566:
1539:Land Use Policy
1532:
1531:
1527:
1491:
1490:
1486:
1450:
1449:
1445:
1395:
1394:
1390:
1354:
1353:
1349:
1315:
1314:
1307:
1273:
1272:
1263:
1246:
1245:
1238:
1228:
1226:
1218:
1217:
1210:
1206:
1198:Vapor Intrusion
1133:
1113:
1097:Brownfields Law
1085:
1080:
1074:
1037:
1024:Allegheny River
1002:Southside Works
935:As of 2006 the
933:
896:
855:
844:
838:
835:
824:
812:
801:
789:greenfield land
746:DaimlerChrysler
687:
676:
670:
667:
656:
644:
633:
607:
602:
579:
543:
530:Industriebrache
521:
500:
485:
468:
390:
374:
363:
357:
354:
311:
309:
299:
287:
276:
210:
194:
141:
132:
127:
72:land developers
64:brownfield land
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4635:
4633:
4625:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4599:
4598:
4592:
4591:
4579:
4576:
4575:
4573:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4560:Urban planning
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4500:Greyfield land
4497:
4492:
4490:Eminent domain
4487:
4485:Context theory
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4461:
4459:
4455:
4454:
4452:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4435:
4434:
4424:
4418:
4416:
4405:
4404:
4402:
4401:
4400:
4399:
4389:
4384:
4382:Planned cities
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4358:
4356:
4350:
4349:
4347:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4325:
4323:
4319:
4318:
4316:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4273:Public housing
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4228:Housing estate
4225:
4220:
4215:
4213:Executive home
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4188:Bungalow court
4185:
4183:Boarding house
4180:
4174:
4172:
4166:
4165:
4163:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4141:
4139:
4133:
4132:
4130:
4129:
4124:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4098:
4097:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4061:
4059:
4053:
4052:
4047:
4045:
4044:
4037:
4030:
4022:
4013:
4012:
3953:
3950:
3949:
3947:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3932:
3928:
3923:
3921:Law by country
3918:
3912:
3910:
3904:
3903:
3901:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3859:
3857:
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3852:
3850:
3849:
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3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3808:
3806:
3802:
3801:
3799:
3798:
3793:
3792:
3791:
3786:
3775:
3773:
3769:
3768:
3766:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3743:Surface runoff
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3724:
3723:
3718:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3667:
3666:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3629:Eutrophication
3626:
3621:
3616:
3610:
3608:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3586:Scorched earth
3583:
3580:nuclear winter
3576:nuclear famine
3565:
3555:
3549:
3547:
3541:
3540:
3538:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3511:
3509:
3503:
3502:
3500:
3499:
3493:
3491:
3485:
3484:
3482:
3481:
3480:
3479:
3474:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3453:
3452:
3442:
3437:
3436:
3435:
3425:
3424:
3423:
3421:Uranium mining
3418:
3413:
3408:
3406:Surface mining
3403:
3398:
3388:
3383:
3382:
3381:
3371:
3370:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3357:Lead poisoning
3354:
3349:
3347:Chemical waste
3344:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3318:
3317:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3291:
3289:
3285:
3284:
3282:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3259:Bioremediation
3256:
3251:
3250:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3228:
3226:
3220:
3219:
3217:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3174:Bioremediation
3171:
3165:
3163:
3157:
3156:
3154:
3153:
3148:
3145:
3142:
3139:
3138:
3137:
3127:
3122:
3121:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:Transportation
3091:
3089:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3058:
3056:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3048:
3043:
3042:
3041:
3036:
3025:
3023:
3017:
3016:
3014:
3013:
3007:
3005:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2997:
2996:
2995:
2985:
2980:
2974:
2972:
2966:
2965:
2963:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2951:
2950:
2940:
2939:
2938:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2917:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2869:Global dimming
2866:
2861:
2856:
2855:
2854:
2844:
2843:
2842:
2840:Diesel exhaust
2832:
2827:
2826:
2825:
2815:
2814:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2767:
2765:
2759:
2758:
2753:
2750:
2749:
2744:
2742:
2741:
2734:
2727:
2719:
2713:
2712:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2655:
2654:External links
2652:
2651:
2650:
2637:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2610:
2588:
2562:
2536:
2501:
2487:
2476:. May 24, 2006
2459:
2448:(3): 203–216.
2430:
2404:
2378:
2353:
2322:
2298:
2262:
2221:
2207:
2204:. August 2019.
2184:
2165:
2141:
2115:
2089:
2063:
2049:
2035:
2007:
1981:
1948:
1904:
1878:
1852:
1835:
1807:
1785:
1757:
1743:
1730:
1694:
1677:
1652:
1630:
1564:
1525:
1498:Sustainability
1484:
1457:Sustainability
1443:
1388:
1367:(5): 840–862.
1361:Sustainability
1347:
1305:
1261:
1236:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1152:Greyfield land
1149:
1139:
1132:
1129:
1112:
1111:United Kingdom
1109:
1105:tax-deductible
1101:tax incentives
1084:
1081:
1073:
1070:
1055:Solar landfill
1036:
1035:Solar landfill
1033:
1032:
1031:
1020:
1005:
990:
961:The Waterfront
957:Carnegie Steel
932:
929:
895:
892:
857:
856:
815:
813:
806:
800:
797:
781:United Kingdom
707:bioremediation
689:
688:
647:
645:
638:
632:
629:
606:
603:
601:
598:
578:
575:
542:
541:United Kingdom
539:
520:
517:
499:
496:
484:
481:
467:
464:
389:
386:
376:
375:
290:
288:
281:
275:
272:
209:
206:
193:
192:United Kingdom
190:
140:
137:
131:
128:
126:
123:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4634:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4604:
4602:
4589:
4577:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4545:Redevelopment
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4505:Groundscraper
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4462:
4460:
4458:Miscellaneous
4456:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4433:
4430:
4429:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4410:
4406:
4398:
4395:
4394:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4377:Model village
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4359:
4357:
4355:
4351:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4334:Research park
4332:
4330:
4327:
4326:
4324:
4320:
4314:
4313:Tract housing
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4298:Rooming house
4296:
4294:
4293:Revenue house
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4175:
4173:
4171:
4167:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4142:
4140:
4138:
4134:
4128:
4125:
4122:
4121:Shopping mall
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4096:
4093:
4092:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4070:Business park
4068:
4066:
4063:
4062:
4060:
4058:
4054:
4050:
4043:
4038:
4036:
4031:
4029:
4024:
4023:
4020:
4010:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3982:
3974:
3965:
3961:
3951:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3913:
3911:
3909:
3905:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3860:
3858:
3854:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3809:
3807:
3803:
3797:
3794:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3781:
3780:
3777:
3776:
3774:
3770:
3764:
3763:Water quality
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3713:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3665:
3662:
3661:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3611:
3609:
3607:
3603:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3581:
3577:
3573:
3569:
3566:
3563:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3550:
3548:
3546:
3542:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3525:Traffic signs
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3508:
3504:
3498:
3495:
3494:
3492:
3490:
3486:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3469:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3451:
3450:Microplastics
3448:
3447:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3440:Nanomaterials
3438:
3434:
3431:
3430:
3429:
3426:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3393:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3380:
3379:Lead smelting
3377:
3376:
3375:
3372:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3339:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3316:
3313:
3312:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3292:
3290:
3286:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3234:
3233:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3225:
3221:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3199:Radioactivity
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3166:
3164:
3162:
3158:
3152:
3151:Noise control
3149:
3146:
3143:
3140:
3136:
3133:
3132:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3098:
3097:
3096:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3088:
3084:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3059:
3057:
3053:
3047:
3044:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3031:
3030:
3027:
3026:
3024:
3022:
3018:
3012:
3009:
3008:
3006:
3002:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2975:
2973:
2971:
2967:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2949:
2946:
2945:
2944:
2941:
2937:
2934:
2933:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2899:Metal working
2897:
2895:
2892:
2891:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2853:
2850:
2849:
2848:
2845:
2841:
2838:
2837:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2824:
2821:
2820:
2819:
2816:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2793:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2751:
2747:
2740:
2735:
2733:
2728:
2726:
2721:
2720:
2717:
2711:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2657:
2653:
2644:
2640:
2638:0-9547474-5-3
2634:
2630:
2623:
2619:
2618:
2614:
2598:
2592:
2589:
2577:
2573:
2566:
2563:
2550:
2546:
2540:
2537:
2521:
2517:
2516:
2511:
2505:
2502:
2497:
2491:
2488:
2475:
2474:
2469:
2463:
2460:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2442:
2434:
2431:
2418:
2414:
2408:
2405:
2393:
2389:
2382:
2379:
2367:
2363:
2357:
2354:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2326:
2323:
2318:
2314:
2307:
2305:
2303:
2299:
2296:
2283:
2279:
2278:
2273:
2266:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2238:
2231:
2225:
2222:
2217:
2211:
2208:
2203:
2202:
2194:
2188:
2185:
2180:
2176:
2169:
2166:
2161:
2157:
2156:
2151:
2145:
2142:
2129:
2125:
2119:
2116:
2103:
2099:
2093:
2090:
2077:
2073:
2067:
2064:
2059:
2053:
2050:
2045:
2039:
2036:
2024:
2023:
2018:
2011:
2008:
1995:
1991:
1985:
1982:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1955:
1953:
1949:
1933:
1929:
1922:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1905:
1893:
1889:
1882:
1879:
1866:
1862:
1856:
1853:
1848:
1842:
1840:
1836:
1824:
1820:
1814:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1786:
1774:
1773:
1768:
1761:
1758:
1753:
1747:
1744:
1740:
1734:
1731:
1725:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1701:
1699:
1695:
1687:
1681:
1678:
1673:
1669:
1667:
1662:
1656:
1653:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1634:
1631:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1571:
1569:
1565:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1529:
1526:
1521:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1488:
1485:
1480:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1447:
1444:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1392:
1389:
1384:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1351:
1348:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1312:
1310:
1306:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1262:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1243:
1241:
1237:
1225:
1221:
1215:
1213:
1209:
1203:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1193:Urban renewal
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1118:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1083:United States
1082:
1079:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1034:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
988:
984:
980:
979:Squirrel Hill
976:
975:
974:
972:
968:
964:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
930:
924:
916:
909:
905:
900:
893:
891:
889:
884:
880:
875:
872:
871:contamination
867:
864:
853:
850:
842:
832:
828:
822:
821:
816:This section
814:
810:
805:
804:
798:
796:
794:
790:
786:
783:and in other
782:
777:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
730:
726:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
695:
685:
682:
674:
664:
660:
654:
653:
648:This section
646:
642:
637:
636:
630:
628:
625:
621:
616:
612:
604:
600:Redevelopment
599:
597:
595:
591:
587:
583:
582:United States
577:United States
576:
574:
572:
568:
564:
560:
555:
552:
548:
540:
538:
536:
531:
525:
518:
516:
514:
509:
505:
497:
495:
491:
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4480:Construction
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4367:Civic center
4344:Science park
4203:Company town
4102:Power center
3842:Point source
3784:Heavy metals
3758:Urban runoff
3738:Sulfur water
3716:Septic tanks
3562:Agent Orange
3416:Mining waste
3242:Manure waste
3072:Volcanic ash
2948:Black carbon
2904:Oil refining
2889:Particulates
2818:Construction
2643:the original
2628:
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820:verification
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652:verification
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4515:Nonbuilding
4444:Tower block
4308:Subdivision
4170:Residential
4107:Retail park
3812:Area source
3721:Pit latrine
3644:Groundwater
3401:Gold mining
3396:Coal mining
3367:Toxic waste
3332:Green waste
3305:Brown waste
3288:Solid waste
2835:Exhaust gas
2254:Lexis-Nexis
2028:January 14,
2000:January 13,
1717:(1): 5–16.
1587:: 371–380.
1581:Chemosphere
1545:: 299–319.
1504:(5): 2046.
1463:(5): 2046.
1188:Waste (law)
1063:solar array
939:project in
762:switchgrass
719:groundwater
703:remediation
701:Innovative
442:radioactive
250:spillages,
248:hydrocarbon
226:steel mills
170:signed the
94:spillages,
92:hydrocarbon
4601:Categories
4540:Playground
4439:Skyscraper
4193:City block
4137:Industrial
4112:Riverfront
4057:Commercial
3964:by country
3960:Categories
3898:Zero waste
3779:Pollutants
3733:Stagnation
3671:Monitoring
3639:Freshwater
3515:Air travel
3327:Food waste
3247:Pesticides
3237:Herbicides
3141:Industrial
2970:Biological
2830:Demolition
2823:Renovation
2806:Joss paper
2791:Combustion
1204:References
1167:Love Canal
1072:Regulation
1066:solar farm
994:South Side
971:steel mill
477:Copenhagen
426:Giant Mine
328:newspapers
256:pesticides
152:brownfield
125:Definition
100:pesticides
60:industrial
52:Brownfield
18:Brownfield
4422:Apartment
4409:Buildings
4354:Municipal
4243:McMansion
3856:Responses
3827:Garbology
3753:Turbidity
3701:Oil spill
3634:Firewater
3535:Vandalism
3497:Satellite
3194:Poisoning
3189:Plutonium
3169:Actinides
3161:Radiation
2909:Wood dust
2771:Acid rain
2746:Pollution
1897:March 24,
1892:canada.ca
1801:" (PDF).
1609:0045-6535
1559:0264-8377
1520:2071-1050
1479:2071-1050
1438:153395212
1430:0964-0568
1383:2071-1050
1342:0197-3975
1328:: 66–76.
1300:236348006
1286:: 50–60.
998:LTV Steel
949:Tech Town
883:tank cars
770:biodiesel
611:appraisal
586:Superfund
498:Hong Kong
418:Faro mine
358:June 2022
230:landfills
222:factories
166:In 2002,
150:The term
80:factories
56:pollution
4470:Cemetery
4362:Arcology
4178:Agrihood
3944:Treaties
3916:Diseases
3728:Shipping
3624:Diseases
3472:Landfill
3147:Abstract
3144:Military
3077:Wildfire
2926:Smelting
2894:Asbestos
2603:June 16,
2480:June 16,
2423:June 22,
2397:June 22,
2392:MSUToday
2371:June 22,
2366:asla.org
2340:Archived
2134:June 23,
1647:Archived
1625:58557619
1617:30590303
1157:HUD USER
1131:See also
1059:landfill
906:area of
839:May 2011
799:Barriers
785:European
738:biofuels
671:May 2011
618:such as
567:Deptford
268:asbestos
252:solvents
104:asbestos
96:solvents
4530:Parking
4065:Airport
3973:Commons
3748:Thermal
3649:Hypoxia
3433:Garbage
3204:Uranium
3055:Natural
3004:Digital
2936:Aerosol
2914:Welding
2801:Biomass
2796:Biofuel
2755:History
2346:May 24,
2288:May 14,
2260:, 2007.
2201:Buglife
2108:May 24,
2082:May 24,
1778:June 1,
1589:Bibcode
1410:Bibcode
1007:In the
941:Atlanta
772:and/or
750:soybean
545:In the
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519:Germany
472:Denmark
466:Denmark
462:(2012)
406:Moncton
342:scholar
4570:Zoning
4329:Campus
4095:inland
3837:Midden
3817:Debris
3772:Topics
3711:Sewage
3664:debris
3659:Marine
3507:Visual
3391:Mining
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3908:Lists
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3789:Paint
3606:Water
3489:Space
3130:Sonar
3125:Urban
3103:Water
3087:Noise
3062:Ozone
3029:Light
2960:Waste
2852:Smoke
2646:(PDF)
2625:(PDF)
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1296:S2CID
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3805:Misc
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3099:Land
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