455:
Germans had to stay in Pohořelice and surrounding villages, where significant German minorities were already accommodated. As the Pohořelice camp had been abandoned more than a month before, there was no opportunity to provide proper housing, food and health care for thousands of people. Not until 5 June was proper camp administration established and regular food supply provided. At this time, an epidemic of dysentery (
24:
358:("Provincial National Committee"), which resided in Brno, issued its order No. 78/1945, which ordered the immediate expulsion of the non-working German population from Brno. All women, boys under the age of 14 and men over the age of 60 should leave the city immediately, and the working men after they had been replaced in their work. On the morning of 30 May the representatives of
409:. At the time, the representatives of Austria in Brno as well as Soviet occupation authorities in Austria had already protested against this unarranged transfer of large numbers of people, and persuaded the Czechoslovak government to stop the expulsion. About half of the expellees thus remained in the camp of Pohořelice.
279:
in the following weeks. The number of fatalities caused by the march and imprisonment is disputed as it became part of propaganda: It is estimated that between 1,700 and 2,000 people died in the consequence of the march. Some recent studies during the 1990s have indicated that over 5,000 people died.
537:
In 2007 a group of young people organized a night
Memorial March from Brno to Pohořelice to commemorate the event. On the first occasion, only three people participated in the march, and in the following years about 20–30 people attended. On the 70th anniversary of the event in 2015 the march was
501:
of hundreds of ethnic
Germans on 31 July 1945. There have been attempts to confirm statements that Pokorný had thousands of people executed. Emilia Hrabovec was unable to substantiate these charges, but instead, according to her research, old people and tired young children had been sent away on
462:
Later in June, the camp inmates were better identified, and about 2,000–2,500 were selected and allowed to return to Brno, most of whom had Czech origin or Czech relatives in Brno. Once the news of their return spread into the city, police reported a new wave of anti-German protests. About 1,000
454:
Since the
Austrian authorities refused to accept any people before their Austrian origin was proven and since the Czech authorities in Brno considered the return of Germans to Brno as politically unacceptable, the Czechoslovak Ministry of Interior decided that the group of approximately 10,000
505:
According to official death records from 1945, 455 people from Brno died and were buried in Pohořelice (near the town), 129 in Mušlov, 65 in villages surrounding the town of Pohořelice. In total 649 victims originally expelled from Brno died on Czech territory.
526:
In 2000 a group of young Czech students called for an adequate way to remember the events in Brno. In 2015 the council of Brno officially regretted the harm on the victims of the death march and organized a "Pilgrimage of
Reconciliation" along the route.
489:
Austrian researchers found 1,950 victims of the march itself, 2,000 victims in the Pohořelice camp and 190 victims in surrounding villages. In total 4,140 German victims from Brno died in Pohořelice and other camps plus 1,062 who died in
Austria.
459:) broke out. According to official records, 455 dead were buried near the town of Pohořelice, mostly victims of diseases. Sudeten German sources, however, estimated that between 1,300–8,000 people either died of disease or were murdered.
390:
marked with a "D" (for
Germans); and at around 10 pm on 30 May the first groups of Germans were forced to start to march 55 kilometres (34 mi) south towards the Austrian border. According to police reports, 18,072 Germans were expelled.
313:("People's Committee of the City of Brno"). While at the beginning of 1945 there were about 58,000 Germans registered in the city, most of them were evacuated before the fighting reached the city, or fled on their own in fear of the
263:. Only about half of expellees actually crossed the border. Thousands of people were held in the provisional camps in the border area. While some Germans were later allowed to return to Brno, hundreds of others fell victim to
111:
446:, who were used for the hardest work. The Jews were liberated by the Red Army in the middle of April 1945, and the then empty camp was used to accommodate the Germans of Brno, whose number far exceeded the camp's capacity.
321:
registered about 26,000 people considered as
Germans. Shortly afterwards, the Germans were marked with white armbands and became subject to similar restrictions to those previously directed against the Jews by the Nazis.
538:
supported by the city of Brno and the number of participants was about 300, including some representatives of
Sudeten German organisations. Until 2013 some eyewitnesses also participated in the memorial march.
338:
several times discussed the need to punish Nazi war criminals, their Czech collaborators and the general situation of
Germans in the city. About 1,500 people were arrested, most of them Germans. On 23 May the
522:
related to the event of expulsion of
Germans from Brno. Czech police however did not find evidence for such crime as there were only 3 confirmed violent deaths (two on the march and one later in Mušlov).
246:
486:
Because of the quick improvised course of events, the exact number of casualties is very difficult to state. The estimates vary widely and have become a source of political disputes and propaganda.
1058:
Nousek, Katrina L. (2022). "(Re)constructing Heimat: Intermedial Archives in Saša Stanišić's Vor dem Fest and Alexandra Saemmer's "Böhmische Dörfer"". In Brandt, Bettina; Yildiz, Yasemin (eds.).
929:
44:
362:
urged the police director to carry out this order immediately. They also offered armed men from the factory to assist. In order to select the particular Germans to be expelled, police used a
1124:– a lecture from international scientific colloquium “Sixty Years since the End of World War II: The End of the Czech-German Coexistence in Czechoslovakia” held in Brno in April 2005
754:
715:
672:
140:
478:
The camp in Pohořelice was officially dissolved on 7 July 1945, when there were still about 80 Germans from Brno in Pohořelice. About 60 of them were sick people in provisory hospital.
227:
206:
124:
145:
343:
of Brno urged the Czechoslovak government to immediately establish courts for such criminals, because the people in Brno were rioting in front of the prison in an attempt to
405:
The next day, 1 June, many people were too exhausted to walk, so the guards selected about 10,000 people still able to walk and escorted them to the Austrian border near
85:
1152:
909:
1044:
954:
187:
604:
59:
31:
463:
expellees were accommodated by families of surrounding villages, and 1,807 mostly elderly people were relocated to the former Institute for Juvenile in
780:
331:
252:
106:
1142:
351:. In particular, factory workers demanded confiscation of the apartments of the Germans, as the Germans had done with the apartments of the Jews.
64:
1157:
23:
1075:
1028:
891:
348:
870:
1147:
650:
471:. Hundreds of individuals with German or Austrian citizenship were allowed to go to Austria. Others were sent to other camps in Brno and
977:
294:
1162:
180:
847:
619:
423:
334:. Over half a million people were forced to march to the German and Austrian borders and thousands were killed. During May 1945 the
999:
1109:
1060:
Tales that touch: migration, translation, and temporality in twentieth- and twenty-first-century German literature and culture
1018:
306:
173:
530:
In 2002, a joint commission of German and Czech historians collected evidence and published the results in a book titled
309:. The next day, the Nazi German administration of the city was abolished and replaced by the newly–created and Czech-led
371:
632:
1137:
542:
90:
1172:
1167:
1100:
930:"Pietní pochod Brno – Pohořelice, vzpomínka na pochod smrti brněnských Němců uskutečněný ze 30. na 31. 5. 1945"
239:
788:
398:
about 15 kilometres (9 mi) from Brno, where most of those expelled spent the rest of the night in the
811:
552:
347:
the prisoners. Moreover, there was a severe housing shortage in Brno as a consequence of the combat and
119:
494:
1020:
Ciberfeminismos, tecnotextualidades y transgéneros: Literatura digital en español escrita por mujeres
912:
515:
435:
302:
564:
498:
1038:
472:
439:
367:
386:
At around 6 pm on 29 May 1945, police and assistance troops started to gather all recipients of
1097:– events described from the BRUNA's (organisation of expelled Brno Germans) point of view
1071:
1024:
843:
615:
548:
69:
1101:
Der Brünner Todesmarsch – das Ende einer Ära (Brno Death March – the End of One Epoch)
1063:
464:
427:
1062:. Interdisciplinary German cultural studies. Berlin Boston: De Gruyter. pp. 233–254.
569:
231:
210:
1118:
443:
359:
1131:
218:
161:
894:
614:
After the Reich: The Brutal History of Allied Occupation, by Giles MacDonogh, 2007
276:
260:
1119:„Brněnský pochod smrti“: mýty a skutečnost ("Brno Death March": Myths and Reality)
456:
431:
1067:
399:
387:
375:
363:
1094:
301:, was liberated on 26 April 1945 by the Soviet and Romanian armies of the
519:
344:
314:
264:
468:
406:
395:
298:
272:
256:
601:
Redrawing Nations: Ethnic Cleansing in East-Central Europe, 1944-1948
955:"Ve stopách pochodu smrti: Brno si připomíná 65 let od odsunu Němců"
330:
Soon after the war ended, the Czechoslovak government incited the
268:
222:
819:. Brno: Právnická fakulta Masarykovy univerzity. pp. 12–13
332:
expulsion of its large ethnic German minority from the country
871:"Brněnský pochod smrti: Dnes bez kufrů a bajonetů v zádech"
1110:
Das Deutsche Brünn und sein Ende (German Brno and its End)
813:
Vývoj nucené práce na území České republiky ve 20. století
651:"Brno lituje "pochodu smrti" Němců po druhé světové válce"
297:
the city of Brno, capital of the Czechoslovak province of
840:
Němci ven! Die Deutschen raus! Brněnský pochod smrti 1945
493:
German sources regard the later communist police officer
394:
In the middle of the night the group reached the town of
978:"Pouť smíření připomněla oběti brněnského pochodu smrti"
1106:– larger, more detailed version of the previous article
259:
following the capture of the city by the Allies during
1017:Ocaña, Isabel Navas; López, Dolores Romero (2023).
781:"Hustopeče: tábor nucených prací pro maďarské Židy"
438:was established near the town. In 1944 it became a
370:and which also allocated food to the recipients by
928:Tučková, Kateřina; Kovařík, David (14 June 2007).
697:
695:
693:
366:which was originally introduced by Germans at the
217:) began late on the night of 30 May 1945 when the
587:
585:
502:trucks under supervision of Czechoslovak guards.
910:Brünn bedauert Vertreibung der Sudetendeutschen
892:Ein Meilenstein: Brünn erinnert an Vertreibung
755:"Vysídlení německého obyvatelstva z Brna (4)"
716:"Vysídlení německého obyvatelstva z Brna (5)"
673:"Vysídlení německého obyvatelstva z Brna (2)"
181:
16:1945 expulsion of Germans from Czechoslovakia
8:
1000:"Z Brna do Pohořelic: Krvavá cesta do nebe"
1043:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
188:
174:
18:
545:garden to commemorate the tragic events.
748:
746:
744:
742:
740:
738:
736:
709:
707:
666:
664:
662:
660:
581:
518:filed criminal charge for the crime of
153:
132:
98:
77:
60:1944–50 flight and expulsion of Germans
51:
30:
1036:
32:Flight and expulsion of Germans during
701:Rozumět dějinám, Zdeněk Beneš, p. 209
591:Rozumět dějinám, Zdeněk Beneš, p. 208
238:
7:
603:, by Philipp Ther, Ana Siljak, 2001
555:(2012) is a retelling of the march.
434:. After the outbreak of war a small
1153:Post–World War II forced migrations
422:The town of Pohořelice had a large
497:as responsible for organizing the
65:German–Soviet population transfers
14:
418:History of the camp in Pohořelice
114:(incl. former German territories)
633:"Eine Versöhnungsgeste aus Brno"
360:a large firearms factory in Brno
22:
631:Baumann, Meret (26 June 2015).
1143:Czechoslovakia in World War II
1115:– another BRUNNA's publication
141:Refugees in Schleswig-Holstein
1:
1158:Death marches in World War II
976:Šálek, Václav (30 May 2015).
541:There is a memorial stone in
99:Post-war flight and expulsion
78:Wartime flight and evacuation
810:Mojžišová, Veronika (2014).
1148:Ethnic cleansing of Germans
534:("Understanding History").
317:. After the liberation the
1189:
1163:German diaspora in Europe
1068:10.1515/9783110778922-012
436:camp for prisoners of war
307:Bratislava–Brno Offensive
1095:The Deathmarch of Bruenn
311:Národní výbor města Brna
305:, in the context of the
873:. ČT 24. Česká televize
1023:. Madrid. p. 38.
957:. ČT Brno. 6 June 2010
430:it became part of the
235:
214:
146:Emigration from Poland
838:HERTL, Hanns (2001).
514:In 1995 Czech writer
45:demographic estimates
913:Sueddeutsche Zeitung
637:Neue Zürcher Zeitung
356:Zemský národní výbor
326:Prelude to expulsion
869:rdk (31 May 2014).
354:On 30 May 1945 the
303:2nd Ukrainian Front
293:After six years of
215:Brünner Todesmarsch
842:. Praha: Podlesí.
440:concentration camp
368:Invasion of Poland
289:Liberation of Brno
1138:Conflicts in 1945
1077:978-3-11-077892-2
1030:978-84-669-3792-4
779:Nezhodová, Soňa.
549:Alexandra Saemmer
543:St Thomas's Abbey
450:Living conditions
349:previous bombings
295:German occupation
198:
197:
86:German evacuation
70:Potsdam Agreement
1180:
1123:
1114:
1105:
1082:
1081:
1055:
1049:
1048:
1042:
1034:
1014:
1008:
1007:
996:
990:
989:
987:
985:
973:
967:
966:
964:
962:
951:
945:
944:
942:
940:
934:Informace z Brna
925:
919:
918:
907:
901:
900:
889:
883:
882:
880:
878:
866:
860:
854:
853:
835:
829:
828:
826:
824:
818:
807:
801:
800:
798:
796:
787:. Archived from
776:
770:
769:
767:
765:
750:
731:
730:
728:
726:
711:
702:
699:
688:
687:
685:
683:
668:
655:
654:
647:
641:
640:
628:
622:
612:
606:
598:
592:
589:
553:Böhmische Dörfer
551:'s digital poem
428:Munich agreement
426:, and after the
364:rationing system
250:
249:
248:
242:
230:
209:
202:Brno death march
190:
183:
176:
133:Later emigration
115:
37:
26:
19:
1188:
1187:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1179:
1178:
1177:
1173:May 1945 events
1168:History of Brno
1128:
1127:
1121:
1112:
1103:
1091:
1086:
1085:
1078:
1057:
1056:
1052:
1035:
1031:
1016:
1015:
1011:
1006:. 2 April 2012.
998:
997:
993:
983:
981:
975:
974:
970:
960:
958:
953:
952:
948:
938:
936:
927:
926:
922:
916:
908:
904:
898:
890:
886:
876:
874:
868:
867:
863:
857:
850:
837:
836:
832:
822:
820:
816:
809:
808:
804:
794:
792:
791:on 3 March 2016
778:
777:
773:
763:
761:
752:
751:
734:
724:
722:
713:
712:
705:
700:
691:
681:
679:
670:
669:
658:
649:
648:
644:
630:
629:
625:
613:
609:
599:
595:
590:
583:
578:
570:Lidice massacre
561:
532:Rozumět dějinám
512:
495:Bedřich Pokorný
484:
452:
424:German minority
420:
415:
413:Pohořelice camp
384:
328:
291:
286:
245:
244:
243:
226:
205:
194:
113:
35:
33:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1186:
1184:
1176:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1130:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1116:
1107:
1098:
1090:
1089:External links
1087:
1084:
1083:
1076:
1050:
1029:
1009:
1004:Brněnský Deník
991:
968:
946:
920:
915:, 20 May 2015
902:
897:, 28 May 2015
884:
861:
855:
848:
830:
802:
771:
732:
703:
689:
656:
653:. 19 May 2015.
642:
623:
607:
593:
580:
579:
577:
574:
573:
572:
567:
560:
557:
516:Ludvík Vaculík
511:
508:
483:
480:
451:
448:
444:Hungarian Jews
419:
416:
414:
411:
383:
380:
327:
324:
290:
287:
285:
282:
240:[bʁʏn]
196:
195:
193:
192:
185:
178:
170:
167:
166:
165:
164:
156:
155:
151:
150:
149:
148:
143:
135:
134:
130:
129:
128:
127:
122:
117:
109:
107:Czechoslovakia
101:
100:
96:
95:
94:
93:
88:
80:
79:
75:
74:
73:
72:
67:
62:
54:
53:
49:
48:
40:
39:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1185:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1120:
1117:
1111:
1108:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1088:
1079:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1054:
1051:
1046:
1040:
1032:
1026:
1022:
1021:
1013:
1010:
1005:
1001:
995:
992:
979:
972:
969:
956:
950:
947:
935:
931:
924:
921:
914:
911:
906:
903:
896:
893:
888:
885:
872:
865:
862:
859:
856:
851:
849:80-7272-031-7
845:
841:
834:
831:
815:
814:
806:
803:
790:
786:
782:
775:
772:
760:
756:
753:Tůma, Milan.
749:
747:
745:
743:
741:
739:
737:
733:
721:
717:
714:Tůma, Milan.
710:
708:
704:
698:
696:
694:
690:
678:
674:
671:Tůma, Milan.
667:
665:
663:
661:
657:
652:
646:
643:
638:
634:
627:
624:
621:
620:0-465-00337-0
617:
611:
608:
605:
602:
597:
594:
588:
586:
582:
575:
571:
568:
566:
565:Ústí massacre
563:
562:
558:
556:
554:
550:
546:
544:
539:
535:
533:
528:
524:
521:
517:
509:
507:
503:
500:
499:Ústí massacre
496:
491:
487:
481:
479:
476:
474:
470:
466:
460:
458:
449:
447:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
417:
412:
410:
408:
403:
401:
397:
392:
389:
381:
379:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
352:
350:
346:
342:
341:Národní výbor
337:
336:Národní výbor
333:
325:
323:
320:
319:Národní výbor
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
288:
283:
281:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
247:
241:
237:
233:
229:
224:
220:
219:ethnic German
216:
212:
208:
203:
191:
186:
184:
179:
177:
172:
171:
169:
168:
163:
162:Wolf children
160:
159:
158:
157:
152:
147:
144:
142:
139:
138:
137:
136:
131:
126:
123:
121:
118:
116:
110:
108:
105:
104:
103:
102:
97:
92:
89:
87:
84:
83:
82:
81:
76:
71:
68:
66:
63:
61:
58:
57:
56:
55:
50:
46:
42:
41:
38:
29:
25:
21:
20:
1059:
1053:
1019:
1012:
1003:
994:
982:. Retrieved
971:
959:. Retrieved
949:
937:. Retrieved
933:
923:
905:
895:Tagesspiegel
887:
875:. Retrieved
864:
858:
839:
833:
821:. Retrieved
812:
805:
793:. Retrieved
789:the original
785:Hustopece.cz
784:
774:
762:. Retrieved
758:
723:. Retrieved
719:
680:. Retrieved
676:
645:
636:
626:
610:
600:
596:
547:
540:
536:
531:
529:
525:
513:
504:
492:
488:
485:
477:
461:
453:
421:
404:
393:
388:food coupons
385:
355:
353:
340:
335:
329:
318:
310:
292:
277:malnutrition
261:World War II
221:minority in
201:
199:
154:Other themes
91:East Prussia
36:World War II
1113:(in German)
1104:(in German)
984:29 February
961:29 February
939:29 February
917:(in German)
899:(in German)
877:29 February
823:18 February
795:18 February
764:18 February
759:Novysmer.cz
725:18 February
720:Novysmer.cz
682:18 February
677:Novysmer.cz
510:Remembrance
473:Svatobořice
457:shigellosis
432:Third Reich
120:Netherlands
1132:Categories
1122:(in Czech)
980:. Týden.cz
576:References
482:Casualties
284:Background
255:to nearby
52:Background
34:and after
1039:cite book
400:orphanage
382:The march
376:ethnicity
228:‹See Tfd›
207:‹See Tfd›
559:See also
520:genocide
467:next to
315:Red Army
265:diseases
253:expelled
469:Mikulov
407:Mikulov
396:Rajhrad
299:Moravia
273:torture
257:Austria
125:Romania
112:Poland
1074:
1027:
846:
618:
465:Mušlov
251:) was
232:German
211:German
817:(PDF)
345:lynch
236:Brünn
1072:ISBN
1045:link
1025:ISBN
986:2016
963:2016
941:2016
879:2016
844:ISBN
825:2016
797:2016
766:2016
727:2016
684:2016
616:ISBN
442:for
374:and
372:race
275:and
269:rape
223:Brno
200:The
1064:doi
402:.
1134::
1070:.
1041:}}
1037:{{
1002:.
932:.
783:.
757:.
735:^
718:.
706:^
692:^
675:.
659:^
635:.
584:^
475:.
378:.
271:,
267:,
234::
213::
1080:.
1066::
1047:)
1033:.
988:.
965:.
943:.
881:.
852:.
827:.
799:.
768:.
729:.
686:.
639:.
225:(
204:(
189:e
182:t
175:v
47:)
43:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
