597:-shaped) configuration, sometimes called a star winding, connects all of the windings to a central point, and power is applied to the remaining end of each winding. A motor with windings in delta configuration gives low torque at low speed but can give higher top speed. Wye configuration gives high torque at low speed, but not as high top speed. The wye winding is normally more efficient. Delta-connected windings can allow high-frequency parasitic electrical currents to circulate entirely within the motor. A Wye-connected winding does not contain a closed loop in which parasitic currents can flow, preventing such losses. Aside from the higher impedance of the wye configuration, from a controller standpoint, the two winding configurations can be treated exactly the same.
54:
33:
350:, but the motors have important differences due to differences in implementation and operation. While stepper motors are frequently stopped with the rotor in a defined angular position, a brushless motor is usually intended to produce continuous rotation. Both motor types may have a rotor position sensor for internal feedback. Both a stepper motor and a well-designed brushless motor can hold finite torque at zero RPM.
221:, press against the commutator, making sliding electrical contact with successive segments as the rotor turns. The brushes selectively provide electric current to the windings. As the rotor rotates, the commutator selects different windings and the directional current is applied to a given winding such that the rotor's magnetic field remains misaligned with the stator and creates a torque in one direction.
508:
198:, providing the power that runs the motor. The misalignment generates a torque that tries to realign the fields. As the rotor moves, and the fields come into alignment, it is necessary to move either the rotor's or stator's field to maintain the misalignment and continue to generate torque and movement. The device that moves the fields based on the position of the rotor is called a
835:
728:. The most significant reason to switch to a brushless motor is a reduction in power required to operate them versus a typical AC motor. In addition to the brushless motor's higher efficiency, HVAC systems, especially those featuring variable-speed or load modulation, use brushless motors to give the built-in microprocessor continuous control over cooling and airflow.
305:, eliminating problems associated with connecting current to the moving armature. An electronic controller replaces the commutator assembly of the brushed DC motor, which continually switches the phase to the windings to keep the motor turning. The controller performs similar timed power distribution by using a solid-state circuit rather than the commutator system.
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316:(EMI). With no windings on the rotor, they are not subjected to centrifugal forces, and because the windings are supported by the housing, they can be cooled by conduction, requiring no airflow inside the motor for cooling. This in turn means that the motor's internals can be entirely enclosed and protected from dirt or other foreign matter.
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or belts, that would be necessary for rotary motors. Transmission systems are known to introduce less responsiveness and reduced accuracy. Direct drive, brushless DC linear motors consist of a slotted stator with magnetic teeth and a moving actuator, which has permanent magnets and coil windings. To
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Brushless motors fulfill many functions originally performed by brushed DC motors, but cost and control complexity prevents brushless motors from replacing brushed motors completely in the lowest-cost areas. Nevertheless, brushless motors have come to dominate many applications, particularly devices
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configuration, the radial relationship between the coils and magnets is reversed; the stator coils form the center (core) of the motor, while the permanent magnets spin within an overhanging rotor that surrounds the core. Outrunners typically have more poles, set up in triplets to maintain the three
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When converting electricity into mechanical power, brushless motors are more efficient than brushed motors primarily due to the absence of brushes, which reduces mechanical energy loss due to friction. The enhanced efficiency is greatest in the no-load and low-load regions of the motor's performance
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are high power-to-weight ratio, high speed, nearly instantaneous control of speed (rpm) and torque, high efficiency, and low maintenance. Brushless motors find applications in such places as computer peripherals (disk drives, printers), hand-held power tools, and vehicles ranging from model aircraft
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and a rotor position feedback sensor. Brushless DC motors are widely used as servomotors for machine tool servo drives. Servomotors are used for mechanical displacement, positioning or precision motion control. DC stepper motors can also be used as servomotors; however, since they are operated with
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that switch current through the windings, either reversing the direction of the current or, in some motors turning it off, at the correct angle so the electromagnets create torque in one direction. The elimination of the sliding contact allows brushless motors to have less friction and longer life;
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and wide range of available sizes have revolutionized the market for electric-powered model flight, displacing virtually all brushed electric motors, except for low powered inexpensive often toy grade aircraft. They have also encouraged growth of simple, lightweight electric model aircraft, rather
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Brushed DC motors develop a maximum torque when stationary, linearly decreasing as velocity increases. Some limitations of brushed motors can be overcome by brushless motors; they include higher efficiency and lower susceptibility to mechanical wear. These benefits come at the cost of potentially
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In brushed motors this is done with a rotary switch on the motor's shaft called a commutator. It consists of a rotating cylinder or disc divided into multiple metal contact segments on the rotor. The segments are connected to conductor windings on the rotor. Two or more stationary contacts called
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Controllers that sense rotor position based on back-EMF have extra challenges in initiating motion because no back-EMF is produced when the rotor is stationary. This is usually accomplished by beginning rotation from an arbitrary phase, and then skipping to the correct phase if it is found to be
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Brushless motors are commonly used as pump, fan and spindle drives in adjustable or variable speed applications as they are capable of developing high torque with good speed response. In addition, they can be easily automated for remote control. Due to their construction, they have good thermal
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and CD/DVD players. Small cooling fans in electronic equipment are powered exclusively by brushless motors. They can be found in cordless power tools where the increased efficiency of the motor leads to longer periods of use before the battery needs to be charged. Low speed, low power brushless
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peak at around 46,800 r/min and 2.2 kilowatts (3.0 hp), while a smaller brushless motor can reach 50,000 r/min and 3.7 kilowatts (5.0 hp). Larger brushless RC motors can reach upwards of 10 kilowatts (13 hp) and 28,000 r/min to power one-fifth-scale models.
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design. Brushless motors are ideally suited for manufacturing applications because of their high power density, good speed-torque characteristics, high efficiency, wide speed ranges and low maintenance. The most common uses of brushless DC motors in industrial engineering are
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Because the controller implements the traditional brushes' functionality, it needs to know the rotor's orientation relative to the stator coils. This is automatic in a brushed motor due to the fixed geometry of the rotor shaft and brushes. Some designs use
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Environments and requirements in which manufacturers use brushless-type DC motors include maintenance-free operation, high speeds, and operation where sparking is hazardous (i.e. explosive environments) or could affect electronically sensitive equipment.
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wrong. This can cause the motor to run backwards briefly, adding even more complexity to the startup sequence. Other sensorless controllers are capable of measuring winding saturation caused by the position of the magnets to infer the rotor position.
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drive. The coils, arranged radially, are made from copper wire coated with blue insulation. The rotor (upper right) has been removed and turned upside-down. The grey ring inside its cup is a permanent magnet. This particular motor is an
323:, or may alternatively be implemented using analog or digital circuits. Commutation with electronics instead of brushes allows for greater flexibility and capabilities not available with brushed DC motors, including speed limiting,
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powering larger and heavier models. The increased power-to-weight ratio of modern batteries and brushless motors allows models to ascend vertically, rather than climb gradually. The low noise and lack of mass compared to small
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operation for slow and fine motion control, and a holding torque when stationary. Controller software can be customized to the specific motor being used in the application, resulting in greater commutation efficiency.
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working from the orientation sensors to determine when the output phase should be advanced. More advanced controllers employ a microcontroller to manage acceleration, control motor speed and fine-tune efficiency.
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use brushless motors that are sometimes built into the wheel hub itself, with the stator fixed solidly to the axle and the magnets attached to and rotating with the wheel. The same principle is applied in
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There are two common electrical winding configurations; the delta configuration connects three windings to each other in a triangle-like circuit, and power is applied at each of the connections. The wye
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The soft brush material wears down due to friction, creating dust, and eventually the brushes must be replaced. This makes commutated motors unsuitable for low particulate or sealed applications like
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producing magnetic fields that effectively rotate in space and which the permanent magnet rotor follows. The controller adjusts the phase and amplitude of the current pulses that control the
708:. The weight and efficiency advantages of brushless over brushed motors are more important to handheld, battery-powered tools than to large, stationary tools plugged into an AC outlet.
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312:, increased reliability, reduced noise, longer lifetime by eliminating brush and commutator erosion, elimination of ionizing sparks from the commutator, and an overall reduction of
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273:. Today, brushed motors are used only in low-power applications or where only DC is available, but the above drawbacks limit their use even in these applications.
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obtain linear motion, a motor controller excites the coil windings in the actuator causing an interaction of the magnetic fields resulting in linear motion.
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In brushless DC motors, an electronic controller replaces the brush commutator contacts. An electronic sensor detects the angle of the rotor and controls
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589:, used where there are space or shape constraints, stator and rotor plates are mounted face to face. In all brushless motors, the coils are stationary.
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Brushless motors offer several advantages over brushed DC motors, including high torque to weight ratio, increased efficiency producing more torque per
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1319:
1592:
As far as THE fastest RC car available for sale is concerned, it is the
Traxxas XO-1 Supercar. The XO-1 hits 100mph, with proper LiPos batteries.
152:
to automobiles. In modern washing machines, brushless DC motors have allowed replacement of rubber belts and gearboxes by a direct-drive design.
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Brushless motors are capable of producing more torque and have a faster peak rotational speed compared to nitro- or gasoline-powered engines.
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Brushless motors are used in industrial positioning and actuation applications. For assembly robots, Brushless technogy may be used to build
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in the undriven coils to infer the rotor position, eliminating the need for separate Hall effect sensors. These are therefore often called
899:(ROAR) since 2006. These motors provide a great amount of power to RC racers and, if paired with appropriate gearing and high-discharge
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for almost all model engines being available over the most recent decades—have also supported the shift to high-power electric systems.
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Schematic for delta and wye winding styles. (This image does not illustrate the motor's inductive and generator-like properties)
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of the brushes sliding along the rotating commutator segments causes power losses that can be significant in a low power motor.
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Legal restrictions for the use of combustion engine driven model aircraft in some countries, most often due to potential for
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configuration, the permanent magnets are part of the rotor. Three stator windings surround the rotor. In the external-rotor
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781:. To obtain a variable speed response, brushless motors operate in an electromechanical system that includes an electronic
1974:
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Animation of BLDC Motor in different commutation (Block, Star, Sinus (sine) & Sensorless) – compared to stepper motors
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of the windings causes sparks at the commutator contacts, which is a fire hazard in explosive atmospheres and a source of
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A typical controller contains three polarity-reversible outputs controlled by a logic circuit. Simple controllers employ
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were invented in the 19th century and are still common. Brushless DC motors were made possible by the development of
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The brush commutator has disadvantages that has led to a decline in use of brushed motors. These disadvantages are:
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2013:
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T.G. Wilson, P.H. Trickey, "D.C. Machine. With Solid State
Commutation", AIEE paper I. CP62-1372, October 7, 1962
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The four poles on the stator of a two-windings single-phase brushless motor. This is part of a computer cooling
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Control differences between ac induction motor and brushless dc motor? – Electrical
Engineering Stack Exchange
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During the last hundred years, high-power DC brushed motors, once the mainstay of industry, were replaced by
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1779:– Video explanation how Brushless DC Motor works, plus how to control one with an Arduino micro-controller.
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The maximum power that can be applied to a brushless motor is limited almost exclusively by heat; too much
61:. The two coils on the printed circuit board interact with six round permanent magnets in the fan assembly.
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The electrical resistance of the sliding brush contact causes a voltage drop in the motor circuit called
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Brushless motors can be constructed in several different physical configurations. In the conventional
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907:(LiFePO4) batteries, these cars can achieve speeds over 160 kilometres per hour (99 mph).
797:. The advantage of linear motors is that they can produce linear motion without the need of a
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area. Brushless motors have been legal in North
American RC car racing in accordance with
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A microprocessor-controlled BLDC motor powering a micro radio-controlled airplane. This
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182:(the fixed part of the machine) misaligned. One or both sets of magnets are
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A typical brushless motor has permanent magnets that rotate around a fixed
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Brushless motors are found in many modern cordless tools, including some
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The Rotor
Position Study of Brushless DC Motors Without Position Sensors
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2230:
1612:"Brushed vs. Brushless Motors: What's the Difference, and What's Best?"
1551:
Industrial
Control Technology: A Handbook for Engineers and Researchers
880:
112:
The construction of a brushless motor system is typically similar to a
1011:. electronics.stackexchange.com (2019-12-20). Retrieved on 2019-12-26.
965:
Widmer, James D.; Martin, Richard; Kimiabeigi, Mohammed (April 2015),
585:
groups of windings, and have a higher torque at low RPMs. In the flat
568:
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631:. Brushless motors can also be found in marine applications, such as
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motors, and for applications that require maintenance-free operation.
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internal combustion engines is another reason for their popularity.
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are another form of linear motor design operated in a similar way.
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Brushless motor commutation can be implemented in software using a
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less rugged, more complex, and more expensive control electronics.
833:
701:
604:
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98:
52:
31:
1099:. London: Institution of Electrical Engineers. pp. 165–166.
1376:"Reliance Electric GV3000 Drive 30V4160 | Automation Industrial"
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industries to use brushless motors instead of various types of
501:
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Two key performance parameters of brushless DC motors are the
27:
Synchronous electric motor powered by an electronic controller
967:"Electric vehicle traction motors without rare earth magnets"
367:
to directly measure the rotor's position. Others measure the
1345:
290:
their working life is limited only by the lifetime of their
1717:
Brushless Motors: Magnetic Design, Performance, and
Control
1595:
The maker's product specifications indicate the usage of a
1375:
842:
motor weighs 5 g and consumes approximately 11 W.
1741:
How Motors Work (brushed and brushless RC airplane motors)
1642:
Permanent magnet motor technology: design and applications
1771:
Electric Drives – Brushless DC / AC and
Reluctance Motors
249:
The repeated abrupt switching of the current through the
846:
Brushless motors have become a popular motor choice for
635:. Drones also utilize brushless motors to elevate their
1682:
Energy-efficient electric motors and their applications
1244:. Learningrc.com (2015-07-29). Retrieved on 2019-12-26.
1130:
Permanent Magnet
Brushless DC Motor Drives and Controls
676:
use brushless motors because of their high efficiency.
1527:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 174.
1403:"Brushless DC Motors Used in Industrial Applications"
453:
426:
399:
109:(brushes) used in many conventional electric motors.
105:
of the motor. It is an improvement on the mechanical
2061:
Dual-rotor permanent magnet induction motor (DRPMIM)
1702:
An
Evaluation of Electric Motors for Ship Propulsion
1662:
Permanent Magnet Synchronous and Brushless DC Motors
1521:
Shimon Y. Nof; Wilbert Wilhelm; H. Warnecke (1997).
1182:"Brushless DC Motor vs. AC Motor vs. Brushed Motor?"
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2249:
2223:
2178:
2109:
1950:
1927:
1852:
1397:
1395:
486:
439:
412:
346:The construction of a brushless motor resembles a
447:(back-EMF constant, also known as speed constant
1470:Permanent Magnet Materials and Their Application
839:
736:The application of brushless DC motors within
144:(the rotor and stator are flat and parallel).
1798:
1577:"Top 4 Fastest RC Cars for Sale in the World"
194:running through the wire winding creates the
8:
1405:. Ohio Electric Motors. 2012. Archived from
1022:"What is a BLDC Motor in a Washing Machine?"
790:, they typically exhibit torque pulsations.
140:(the rotor is surrounded by the stator), or
1751:BLDC Motor Fan Advantages And Disadvantages
1705:, Naval Postgraduate School, archived from
1500:. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. p. 159.
1473:. Cambridge University Press. p. 172.
1160:. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. p. 165.
1062:Modeling and Control of Engineering Systems
536:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
178:(the rotating part of the machine) and the
1805:
1791:
1783:
1446:. McGraw Hill Professional. pp. 5–6.
718:heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
1365:. Thomasnet.com. Retrieved on 2019-12-26.
1320:"Custom axial flux permanent magnet BLDC"
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1086:
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1048:
556:Learn how and when to remove this message
476:
467:
458:
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431:
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404:
398:
147:The advantages of a brushless motor over
1639:Jacek F. Gieras; Mitchell Wing (2002),
1133:. John Wiley and Sons. pp. 18–19.
957:
891:Their popularity has also risen in the
1497:Control Systems: Principles and Design
1157:Control Systems: Principles and Design
971:Sustainable Materials and Technologies
335:and damages the windings' insulation.
174:by keeping the magnetic fields of the
1242:Brushless Motor Kv Constant Explained
1122:
1120:
1118:
1116:
487:{\displaystyle K_{V}={1 \over K_{e}}}
7:
1213:10.1109/ICNC-FSKD59587.2023.10280801
534:adding citations to reliable sources
89:power supply. It uses an electronic
1598:"Traxxas Big Block brushless motor"
1575:Bobby Bernstein (15 January 2015).
261:in nearby microelectronic circuits.
217:, made of a soft conductor such as
190:of wire wound around an iron core.
93:to switch DC currents to the motor
1275:"Vinyl Turntable Drive Techniques"
672:wheels. Most electrically powered
114:permanent magnet synchronous motor
25:
769:drive motors and feed drives for
1777:How Brushless Motor and ESC Work
1767: (archived 2020-02-05) Flash
1554:. Elsevier Science. p. 91.
1255:"Delta vs Wye phase connections"
1201:Cui, Guohua; Jiao, Jiye (2023).
925:
506:
1065:. CRC Press. pp. 632–633.
75:electronically commutated motor
2190:Timeline of the electric motor
647:Brushless motors are found in
122:induction (asynchronous) motor
1:
1975:Dahlander pole changing motor
1610:Maning, Jayric (2022-08-20).
1322:. Turncircles. Archived from
1059:Clarence W. de Silva (2009).
613:; the rotor has been removed.
136:is surrounded by the rotor),
36:The motor from a 3.5 in
1423:Ohio Electric Motors. 2011.
991:10.1016/j.susmat.2015.02.001
879:—even with purpose-designed
314:electromagnetic interference
259:electromagnetic interference
2019:Brushless DC electric motor
865:internal combustion engines
170:An electric motor develops
67:brushless DC electric motor
2475:
1757: (archived 2022-01-17)
1747: (archived 2013-10-02)
897:Radio Operated Auto Racing
498:Variations in construction
354:Controller implementations
116:(PMSM), but can also be a
2036:Switched reluctance (SRM)
2014:Brushed DC electric motor
1820:
1699:Bobby A. Bassham (2003),
1679:Howard E. Jordan (1994),
1427:January 26, 2012, at the
893:radio-controlled (RC) car
777:characteristics and high
742:manufacturing engineering
118:switched reluctance motor
2224:Experimental, futuristic
2141:Variable-frequency drive
1714:Duane Hanselman (2012),
1127:Chang-liang Xia (2012).
716:There is a trend in the
333:heat weakens the magnets
246:, which consumes energy.
18:Brushless electric motor
2459:20th-century inventions
2241:Superconducting machine
1879:Coil winding technology
1467:Peter Campbell (1996).
1440:Sabrie Soloman (1999).
1093:Helmut Moczala (1998).
765:for industrial robots,
712:Heating and ventilation
674:radio-controlled models
625:direct-drive turntables
165:solid state electronics
1659:Krishnan Ramu (2009),
1419:Ohio Electric Motors.
905:lithium iron phosphate
860:power-to-weight ratios
843:
738:industrial engineering
732:Industrial engineering
670:self-balancing scooter
614:
573:
488:
441:
420:(torque constant) and
414:
62:
50:
2282:Power-to-weight ratio
2146:Direct torque control
1363:ECMs and HVAC Systems
1296:"What is a Thruster?"
1096:Small Electric Motors
887:Radio-controlled cars
837:
824:Tubular linear motors
746:industrial automation
740:primarily focuses on
657:personal transporters
608:
571:
489:
442:
440:{\displaystyle K_{e}}
415:
413:{\displaystyle K_{T}}
56:
35:
2277:Open-loop controller
2170:Ward Leonard control
1894:DC injection braking
1773:with useful diagrams
1421:DC Motor Protection.
1409:on November 4, 2012.
633:underwater thrusters
530:improve this section
451:
424:
397:
124:. They may also use
73:), also known as an
2180:History, education,
1826:Alternating current
1548:Peng Zhang (2013).
1524:Industrial Assembly
1326:on 24 November 2020
983:2015SusMT...3....7W
946:Squirrel-cage rotor
941:Piezoelectric motor
623:motors are used in
361:Hall effect sensors
267:alternating current
2343:Dolivo-Dobrovolsky
2302:Voltage controller
2257:Blocked-rotor test
2195:Ball bearing motor
2165:Motor soft starter
2119:AC-to-AC converter
1980:Wound-rotor (WRIM)
1942:Electric generator
863:than the previous
858:. Their favorable
844:
629:gramophone records
615:
574:
484:
437:
410:
277:Brushless solution
271:synchronous motors
257:, which can cause
63:
51:
2436:
2435:
2272:Open-circuit test
2111:Motor controllers
1992:Synchronous motor
1814:Electric machines
1561:978-0-08-094752-5
1534:978-0-412-55770-5
1507:978-0-07-048289-0
1494:M. Gopal (2002).
1480:978-0-521-56688-9
1453:978-0-07-059630-6
1277:. 2 November 2019
1222:979-8-3503-0439-8
1167:978-0-07-048289-0
1154:M. Gopal (2002).
1024:. Dumb Little Man
788:open loop control
779:energy efficiency
665:electric bicycles
661:electric aircraft
649:electric vehicles
618:such as computer
566:
565:
558:
482:
285:switches such as
161:Brushed DC motors
126:neodymium magnets
79:synchronous motor
49:inside the rotor.
16:(Redirected from
2466:
2287:Two-phase system
2267:Electromagnetism
2215:Mouse mill motor
2182:recreational use
2056:Permanent magnet
1985:Linear induction
1838:Permanent magnet
1807:
1800:
1793:
1784:
1730:
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1709:on April 8, 2013
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1443:Sensors Handbook
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1207:. pp. 1–6.
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801:system, such as
783:motor controller
755:linear actuators
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255:electronic noise
206:Brush commutator
21:
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2473:
2469:
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2467:
2465:
2464:
2463:
2454:Electric motors
2439:
2438:
2437:
2432:
2306:
2245:
2219:
2210:Mendocino motor
2183:
2181:
2174:
2105:
1965:Induction motor
1946:
1923:
1869:Braking chopper
1857:
1855:
1848:
1816:
1811:
1765:Wayback Machine
1755:Wayback Machine
1745:Wayback Machine
1737:
1728:
1720:, E-Man Press,
1713:
1698:
1693:
1678:
1673:
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1635:
1633:Further reading
1630:
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1429:Wayback Machine
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993:
964:
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931:
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901:lithium polymer
889:
877:noise pollution
832:
811:rack-and-pinion
734:
714:
686:string trimmers
682:
653:hybrid vehicles
645:
603:
587:axial flux type
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511:
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472:
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392:motor constants
356:
321:microcontroller
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11:
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2292:Inchworm motor
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2262:Circle diagram
2259:
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2250:Related topics
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2200:Barlow's wheel
2197:
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2151:Vector control
2148:
2133:
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2126:
2124:Cycloconverter
2115:
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1854:Components and
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1832:Direct current
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1735:External links
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196:magnetic field
184:electromagnets
167:in the 1960s.
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149:brushed motors
83:direct current
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2086:Piezoelectric
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1672:9781420014235
1668:
1665:, CRC Press,
1664:
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1652:9780824743949
1648:
1645:, CRC Press,
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1300:Blue Robotics
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933:Trains portal
928:
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912:Nitro engines
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830:Aeromodelling
829:
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796:
795:linear motors
791:
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722:refrigeration
719:
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698:reciprocating
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515:This section
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473:
469:
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455:
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405:
401:
393:
388:
385:
380:
376:
375:controllers.
374:
370:
366:
362:
353:
351:
349:
348:stepper motor
344:
340:
336:
334:
329:
326:
325:microstepping
322:
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304:
299:
295:
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288:
284:
283:semiconductor
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72:
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60:
57:DC brushless
55:
48:
44:
39:
34:
30:
19:
2018:
1716:
1707:the original
1701:
1685:, Springer,
1681:
1661:
1641:
1619:. Retrieved
1615:
1605:
1596:
1591:
1584:. Retrieved
1580:
1570:
1550:
1543:
1523:
1516:
1496:
1489:
1469:
1462:
1442:
1435:
1415:
1407:the original
1383:. Retrieved
1379:
1370:
1358:
1349:
1340:
1328:. Retrieved
1324:the original
1314:
1303:. Retrieved
1299:
1290:
1279:. Retrieved
1269:
1258:. Retrieved
1249:
1237:
1226:. Retrieved
1203:
1196:
1185:. Retrieved
1176:
1156:
1149:
1129:
1095:
1061:
1038:
1026:. Retrieved
1016:
1004:
994:, retrieved
974:
970:
960:
909:
890:
874:
845:
799:transmission
792:
775:
735:
715:
690:leaf blowers
683:
646:
616:
601:Applications
594:
591:
575:
552:
543:
528:Please help
516:
389:
381:
377:
372:
357:
345:
341:
337:
330:
318:
307:
300:
296:
280:
264:
223:
212:
209:
186:, made of a
169:
159:
146:
111:
74:
70:
66:
64:
42:
29:
2205:Lynch motor
1970:Shaded-pole
1856:accessories
1380:30v4160.com
1346:"home page"
1330:23 November
903:(Li-Po) or
852:helicopters
771:CNC machine
759:servomotors
720:(HVAC) and
637:performance
620:hard drives
384:comparators
287:transistors
45:, with the
38:floppy disk
2443:Categories
2101:Axial flux
2091:Ultrasonic
2066:Servomotor
2046:Doubly fed
2041:Reluctance
1937:Alternator
1929:Generators
1899:Field coil
1884:Commutator
1844:commutated
1842:SC - Self-
1621:2023-12-23
1586:2 February
1385:2023-12-23
1305:2024-01-12
1281:2021-12-02
1260:2021-11-01
1228:2023-12-23
1187:2021-04-29
1106:085296921X
996:2024-05-20
952:References
850:including
803:ballscrews
373:sensorless
251:inductance
244:brush drop
200:commutator
156:Background
130:outrunners
107:commutator
91:controller
59:ducted fan
2449:DC motors
2418:Steinmetz
2333:Davenport
2131:Amplidyne
2031:Universal
2009:Homopolar
1997:Repulsion
1909:Slip ring
1581:heavy.com
1350:.ebikekit
870:glow fuel
807:leadscrew
763:actuators
726:AC motors
643:Transport
582:outrunner
517:does not
237:hard disk
138:inrunners
43:outrunner
2423:Sturgeon
2353:Ferraris
2338:Davidson
2160:Metadyne
2076:Traction
2024:Unipolar
2004:DC motor
1960:AC motor
1864:Armature
1425:Archived
977:: 7–13,
919:See also
881:mufflers
767:extruder
694:circular
692:, saws (
578:inrunner
546:May 2018
369:back-EMF
303:armature
292:bearings
230:friction
219:graphite
120:, or an
95:windings
87:electric
81:using a
2413:Sprague
2408:Siemens
2383:Maxwell
2348:Faraday
2297:Starter
2236:Railgun
2231:Coilgun
2071:Stepper
1919:Winding
1763:at the
1753:at the
1743:at the
1028:11 June
979:Bibcode
773:tools.
706:drivers
700:), and
663:. Most
538:removed
523:sources
339:curve.
214:brushes
128:and be
77:, is a
2403:Saxton
2388:Ørsted
2373:Jedlik
2368:Jacobi
2358:Gramme
2323:Barlow
2311:People
2136:Drives
2051:Linear
1952:Motors
1914:Stator
1724:
1689:
1669:
1649:
1558:
1531:
1504:
1477:
1450:
1219:
1164:
1137:
1103:
1069:
856:drones
702:drills
659:, and
180:stator
172:torque
134:stator
103:torque
47:stator
2428:Tesla
2398:Pixii
2363:Henry
2328:Botto
2318:Arago
1904:Rotor
1874:Brush
1836:PM -
1830:DC -
1824:AC -
819:gears
363:or a
269:(AC)
176:rotor
142:axial
132:(the
99:speed
85:(DC)
2393:Park
2378:Lenz
2096:TEFC
1722:ISBN
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