137:
1550:
1544:
1538:
1532:
1784:
1671:
1790:
65:
124:
2173:
1771:
176:
163:
1721:
150:
221:
2306:
878:
406:
1890:
1485:
1463:
1679:
1716:
348:(WEU), at which point Italy and Germany were admitted. Although the WEU that was established by the Modified Brussels Treaty was significantly less powerful and ambitious than the original Western Union, German membership of the WEU was considered sufficient for the occupation of the country to end in accordance with the General Treaty.
1315:
effectively replaced
Article V of the Modified Brussels Treaty as the mutual defence clause for EU member states who were also WEU allies. After discussions, the ten WEU member states decided to terminate the Treaty of Brussels on 31 March 2010. The activities of WEU were formally terminated in June
1303:, the Treaty of Brussels was amended as the Modified Brussels Treaty. This transformed the Western Union into the Western European Union and admitted West Germany and Italy. Social and cultural aspects were handed to the Council of Europe to avoid duplication of responsibilities within Europe.
1229:
in that it promised
European mutual defence. However, it greatly differed from NATO in that it envisaged a purely-European mutual defence pact primarily against Germany. When NATO took shape the next year, on the other hand, it was recognised that Europe was being unavoidably divided into two
1202:, a powerful military force for such an alliance. The United States, concerned with containing the influence of the USSR, was responsive. The need to back up the commitments of the North Atlantic Treaty with appropriate political and military structures led to the creation of the
3277:
971:
with a bulwark against the communist threat and to bring greater collective security. There were cultural and social clauses and concepts for the setting up of a 'Consultative
Council'. Co-operation between Western nations was believed to help stop the spread of Communism.
344:) of 1952 formally named the EDC as a prerequisite of the end of Allied occupation of Germany, and there was a desire to include Germany in the Western defence architecture. The Modified Brussels Treaty (MBT) transformed the Western Union into the
1197:
When the division of Europe into two opposing camps became considered unavoidable, the threat of the USSR became much more important than the threat of German rearmament. Western Europe, therefore, sought a new mutual defence pact involving the
2678:
2814:
3351:
3797:
1867:
1055:
1133:. It consisted of a WU Defence Committee at Prime Ministerial level, and a WU Combined Chiefs of Staff committee, including all the national chiefs of staff, which would direct the operative organisation.
3777:
2787:
859:
2897:
260:(WEU) until its termination in 2010. The treaty provided for the organisation of military, economic, social and cultural cooperation among member states as well as a mutual defence clause.
958:
4 March 1948: A conference is held in
Brussels between the five foreign ministers, from which point the proposal is elaborated, and on 12 March transmitted to the respective governments.
302:(NATO). In December 1950, the parties to the Treaty of Brussels decided to transfer the headquarters, personnel and plans of the Western Union Defence Organisation (WUDO) to NATO, whose
2824:
1860:
1068:
906:
3181:
3425:
2819:
3656:
2190:
1696:
1646:
535:
525:
437:
432:
427:
3626:
2973:
2849:
1853:
1044:
3454:
2994:
2344:
2194:
1970:
1296:
1250:
329:
2829:
2157:
2015:
843:
3085:
3080:
2887:
2780:
363:, regarded the WEU as redundant. Consequently, the Modified Treaty of Brussels was terminated on 31 March 2010, followed by the closure of WEU bodies on 30 June 2011.
3792:
3767:
3222:
2232:
3159:
3295:
3289:
442:
3466:
2927:
1549:
1543:
1537:
1531:
2708:
2488:
3757:
2248:, the first of which were the European Communities. The other two pillars consisted of additional areas of cooperation that had been added to the EU's remit.
2773:
899:
3638:
3174:
2461:
1219:
303:
3762:
3128:
3090:
2877:
2869:
447:
1194:, which met eight times from November 1948 to January 1949, formulating proposals for a new organisation that was to become the Council of Europe.
2528:
2402:
3063:
2953:
2546:
1007:
892:
864:
386:
2709:"DeclaraciĂłn de la Presidencia del Consejo Permanente de la UEO en nombre de las Altas Partes Contratantes del Tratado de Bruselas Modificado"
3167:
2902:
2506:
2434:
922:
The Treaty of
Brussels contained a mutual defence clause (Article IV in the original treaty and Article V in the Modified Brussels Treaty).
287:, which had been signed between Britain and France the previous year to guard against possible German or Soviet aggression after the end of
3782:
3772:
3579:
3042:
2606:
2372:
1035:
1017:
2164:
superseded by WU. The CFSP pillar was bolstered by some of the security structures that had been established within the remit of the 1955
1725:
945:
announces that the United
Kingdom will propose, in agreement with their French colleagues, the drafting of a treaty that expands the 1947
3752:
3742:
3460:
2265:, resulting in the EU framework as such covering all policy areas. Executive/legislative power in each area was instead determined by a
2262:
2245:
1758:
1703:
1654:
1498:
1012:
422:
3680:
2796:
2349:
2274:
2270:
1789:
1783:
1750:
1274:
1215:
1130:
545:
415:
360:
299:
3139:
3717:
2968:
1553:
1254:
1183:
1086:
1059:
851:
478:
318:
3737:
3106:
2958:
2859:
1948:
1002:
502:
3722:
2932:
2881:
1736:
1211:
1191:
3147:
1257:
members in May 1952 but failed when it was rejected by the French
National Assembly in August 1954. This rejection led to the
1162:
gives a good account of the disagreements between
Montgomery and de Lattre which caused much ill-feeling in the headquarters.
3207:
3190:
3058:
2913:
2224:
584:
1238:
was a much greater threat than the possibility of a resurgent
Germany, and Western European mutual defence would have to be
1670:
2873:
395:
3537:
3334:
3265:
2329:
1300:
1290:
1258:
325:
31:
3802:
3747:
3674:
3430:
1630:
1587:
514:
490:
2626:
Sean
Maloney, 'To Secure Command of the Sea,' the University of New Brunswick thesis 1991, pp. 95–97 and Lord Ismay,
919:
The treaty provided for the organisation of military, economic, social and cultural cooperation among member states.
2712:
3787:
3032:
1720:
1170:
The treaty was left devoid of much of its authority after the signing of a succession of treaties establishing the
1147:
1129:
In September 1948, the parties to the Treaty of Brussels decided to create a military agency under the name of the
2160:
of the EU defence arm, a main part of the CFSP. The Franco-British alliance established by the Dunkirk Treaty was
1354:(EU)—the principal framework for this unification. The EU inherited many of its present responsibilities from the
3650:
1770:
1026:
988:
39:
35:
3727:
3487:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3228:
2324:
2228:
1774:
1151:
1142:(UK) was appointed permanent Chairman of the Land, Naval and Air Commanders-in-Committee, with headquarters in
810:
566:
372:
245:
2751:
2738:
2662:
3732:
3662:
2963:
2943:
2922:
2839:
2498:
2266:
1569:
1261:
in September and October, with the result that the Treaty of Brussels was amended by the Protocol signed in
740:
2765:
3686:
3609:
3603:
3503:
3497:
2334:
2169:
1966:
1793:
1278:
593:
556:
376:
345:
257:
2692:"Decision of the Council of the Western European Union on the Residual Rights and Obligations of the WEU"
1074:
45:"Brussels Treaty" redirects here. For the treaty merging the structures of the European Communities, see
3698:
3143:
3012:
2311:
1952:
1092:
882:
295:
193:
3567:
2277:. This distribution, as well as treaty provisions for policy areas in which unanimity is required and
224:
3668:
3194:
2286:
2207:
1488:
1355:
1335:
1207:
690:
467:
3621:
3573:
3524:
3313:
3301:
3134:
3037:
2984:
2282:
2096:
2056:
1359:
952:
31 January 1948: Benelux foreign ministers declare that their countries agree to begin these talks.
838:
720:
710:
681:
643:
623:
64:
3591:
3543:
3530:
3112:
2422:
2176:
that the Lisbon Treaty provided for EU was considered to render the WEU superfluous. The EU thus
2069:
1187:
1139:
800:
790:
3644:
1080:
2820:
Director General of the Military Staff/Director of the Military Planning and Conduct Capability
309:
The establishment of NATO, along with the signing of a succession of treaties establishing the
3307:
3122:
2607:"Aperçu historique sur l'établissement de l'Union occidentale (Luxembourg, 15 septembre 1954)"
2502:
2430:
2319:
2085:
1918:
1893:
1179:
946:
833:
770:
760:
730:
633:
314:
284:
2426:
2416:
3585:
3325:
3117:
2834:
2494:
2118:
1907:
1312:
1022:
955:
19 February 1948: France and the United Kingdom submit a draft treaty to the Benelux states.
780:
750:
663:
356:
203:
1225:
As an effort towards European postwar security co-operation, the treaty was a precursor to
3615:
3561:
2755:
2742:
2666:
2627:
2278:
2038:
1343:
1324:
1031:
981:
337:
207:
1330:
countries have entered into treaties and thereby co-operated and harmonised policies (or
2642:
3632:
3319:
3271:
3234:
3198:
2800:
2107:
2003:
1999:
1889:
1715:
1484:
1466:
1462:
1351:
1155:
1049:
998:
968:
700:
653:
603:
352:
333:
280:
181:
3711:
3597:
3283:
2891:
2073:
2027:
1623:
1243:
1199:
1143:
1136:
992:
613:
321:(April 1951), left the Treaty of Brussels and its Western Union devoid of authority.
46:
2244:
Between the EU's founding in 1993 and consolidation in 2009, the union consisted of
1158:(France) for the Navy, as Flag Officer Western Europe. Volume 3 of Nigel Hamilton's
3555:
3549:
2691:
2457:"Did you know that Europe already had a defensive military alliance prior to NATO?"
2258:
2211:
1678:
1320:
1266:
1095:, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of His Britannic Majesty in Brussels
1064:
942:
288:
70:
1077:, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the French Republic in Brussels
58:
Treaty of Economic, Social and Cultural Collaboration and Collective Self-Defence
1239:
1040:
276:
168:
1190:
for European cooperation on a wider front, the Consultative Council convened a
17:
2301:
298:
with appropriate political and military structures led to the creation of the
272:
228:
155:
2868:
Command structure on the civilian/military strategic and operational levels (
2281:
is possible, reflects the depth of EU integration as well as the EU's partly
1089:, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Netherlands in Brussels
2456:
1231:
1083:, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Luxembourg in Brussels
405:
355:(EU) gained its own mutual defence clause upon the entry into force of the
2760:
2729:
1399:
97:
2257:
The consolidation meant that the EU inherited the European Communities'
2570:
2533:
1511:
264:
129:
101:
2542:
1327:
1214:(SACEUR), the members of the Treaty of Brussels decided to merge the
268:
142:
1120:
France: 25 August 1948, at which point the treaty entered into force
306:(SHAPE) took over responsibility for the defence of Western Europe.
2748:
1104:
Dates of deposit of the instruments of ratification of the treaty:
2735:
2659:
2373:"Ratifications and entry into force of the Brussels Treaty (1948)"
2047:
1639:
1270:
1262:
1056:
Carel Godfried Willem Hendrik baron van Boetzelaer van Oosterhout
2711:(in Spanish). Foreign Office (Spain). 2010-03-31. Archived from
2638:
2466:
2339:
1682:
1235:
1226:
1203:
1175:
1171:
310:
30:
This article is about the 1948 treaty. For the 1516 treaty, see
3163:
2769:
2594:
2193:(EPC) were shelved following the French failure to ratify the
1350:). The following timeline outlines the legal inception of the
3798:
Terminated or expired founding treaties of the European Union
2235:(TFEU), respectively. They are amended by secondary treaties.
1358:(EC), which were founded in the 1950s in the spirit of the
1281:, and the Treaty was renamed the Modified Brussels Treaty.
1251:
a treaty aimed at establishing a European Defence Community
283:, the members of the Western Union, as an expansion to the
1206:(NATO). In December 1950, with the appointment of General
2418:
The elusive quest for European security: from EDC to CFSP
1146:, France. The nominated commanders-in-chief were General
3235:
Treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Community
2825:
Director of the Civilian Planning and Conduct Capability
2214:(i.e. ability to e.g. sign treaties in their own right).
2197:(EDC). The EPC would have combined the ECSC and the EDC.
1295:
On 23 October 1954, as a result of the rejection of the
980:
The Treaty was signed on 17 March 1948 by the following
2658:
Text of Modified Brussels Treaty on the WEU website at
1150:(France) as C-in-C, Land Forces, Air Chief Marshal Sir
248:(WU) between 1948 and 1954, when it was amended as the
3778:
Treaties establishing intergovernmental organizations
1249:
Trying to avoid the need for West German rearmament,
3461:
Treaty establishing the European Political Community
1698:
Police and Judicial Co-operation in Criminal Matters
536:
Police and Judicial Co-operation in Criminal Matters
359:
in 2009, the members of the WEU, which were also EU
3517:
3476:
3447:
3418:
3372:
3365:
3344:
3258:
3251:
3244:
3215:
3206:
3099:
3073:
3051:
3025:
3003:
2982:
2974:
Committee for Civilian Aspects of Crisis Management
2941:
2911:
2857:
2848:
2807:
213:
199:
189:
115:
107:
93:
85:
77:
57:
3455:Treaty establishing the European Defence Community
2995:Directorate-General for Defence Industry and Space
2490:NATO 1948: the birth of the transatlantic Alliance
2345:Treaty establishing the European Defence Community
2223:The treaties of Maastricht and Rome form the EU's
2195:Treaty establishing the European Defence Community
1297:Treaty establishing the European Defence Community
330:Treaty establishing the European Defence Community
2398:
2396:
2172:in 2011, consequently dissolving the WEU, as the
2571:"Statement of the Presidency of WEU of 31.03.10"
1186:(April 1951). Responding to calls from the 1948
3223:Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union
2565:
2563:
2233:Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union
1513:European Atomic Energy Community
1277:(WUDO). At this time, the WUDO was renamed the
2647:The Western Union and its defence organisation
1172:Organisation for European Economic Cooperation
1087:Baron Binnert Philip van Harinxma thoe Slooten
311:Organisation for European Economic Cooperation
3467:Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe
3175:
2781:
1861:
900:
8:
3201:(since 1993) and related political documents
52:
3278:Netherlands Antilles Association Convention
3086:Medal for Extraordinary Meritorious Service
2649:, RUSI Journal, 1993 (reprint from 1948–49)
2529:"Brussels Treaty Organisation (Resolution)"
1334:) in an increasing number of areas, in the
1299:by the French parliament and the following
1222:(SHAPE) took over the WUDO's defence role.
294:The need to back up the commitments of the
256:) and served as the founding treaty of the
3369:
3255:
3248:
3212:
3182:
3168:
3160:
2898:Crisis Management and Planning Directorate
2854:
2788:
2774:
2766:
2595:https://en.wikisource.org/Paris_Agreements
2210:obtained common institutions and a shared
1868:
1854:
941:22 January 1948: British foreign minister
907:
893:
380:
263:The treaty was signed on 17 March 1948 by
51:
3506:(European Coal and Steel Community, 1951)
2736:Modified Brussels Treaty, 23 October 1954
2499:Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.
2367:
2365:
1220:Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe
1192:Committee for the Study of European Unity
304:Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe
2878:Civilian Planning and Conduct Capability
2870:Military Planning and Conduct Capability
2148:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2361:
2136:
394:
383:
3793:Military history of the European Union
3768:Treaties of the French Fourth Republic
2954:Committee of Permanent Representatives
2593:By Article IV of the Paris Agreements
2547:House of Commons of the United Kingdom
1069:Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs
1008:Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg
949:to also include the Benelux countries.
2749:History until the creation of the WEU
1849:
1781:
1768:
1749:
1713:
1668:
1638:
1523:
1436:
1367:
69:Signing by British Foreign Secretary
7:
1018:King George VI of the United Kingdom
27:1948 Western European defence treaty
3758:Treaties entered into force in 1948
3669:Agreement on a Unified Patent Court
1166:Cannibalisation and marginalisation
1013:Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands
967:The treaty was intended to provide
324:The treaty was amended at the 1954
2830:Chairman of the Military Committee
2797:Common Security and Defence Policy
2350:Common Security and Defence Policy
2227:, and are also referred to as the
1752:Common Foreign and Security Policy
1684:North Atlantic Treaty Organisation
1275:Western Union Defence Organization
1216:Western Union Defence Organisation
1204:North Atlantic Treaty Organization
1176:North Atlantic Treaty Organization
1131:Western Union Defence Organization
1036:French Minister of Foreign Affairs
546:Common Foreign and Security Policy
328:as a result of the failure of the
300:North Atlantic Treaty Organization
25:
3493:
2888:Intelligence and Situation Centre
2745:The Modified Brussels Treaty 1954
1984:
1555:European Coal and Steel Community
1184:European Coal and Steel Community
1100:Ratification and entry into force
1060:Dutch Minister of Foreign Affairs
479:European Coal and Steel Community
332:to gain French ratification: The
319:European Coal and Steel Community
244:, was the founding treaty of the
3675:Single Resolution Fund Agreement
3107:Permanent Structured Cooperation
2959:Political and Security Committee
2304:
1888:
1788:
1782:
1769:
1719:
1714:
1677:
1669:
1548:
1542:
1536:
1530:
1483:
1461:
1364:
1265:on 23 October 1954, which added
1154:(UK) as C-in-C, Air Forces, and
876:
503:European Atomic Energy Community
404:
219:
174:
161:
148:
135:
122:
63:
3763:20th-century military alliances
2882:Joint Support Coordination Cell
2660:http://www.weu.int/Treaty.htm#1
2462:Allied Command Operations (ACO)
2168:(MBT). The Brussels Treaty was
1738:European Political Co-operation
1212:Supreme Allied Commander Europe
3431:United Kingdom (“Brexit” 2020)
3352:Renegotiation of UK membership
2928:Institute for Security Studies
2903:Security & Defence College
2156:, these treaties affected the
1987:Completing the Brussels Treaty
844:History of defence integration
1:
3627:Charter of Fundamental Rights
3064:Secure Software-defined Radio
1311:In 2009, Article 42.7 of the
1230:opposing blocks (western and
1160:Life of Montgomery of Alamein
1052:, Belgian Minister of Finance
3657:European Stability Mechanism
3538:London and Paris Conferences
2549:. 18 February 1957. cc19-20W
2487:Kaplan, Lawrence S. (2007).
2330:London and Paris Conferences
2267:distribution of competencies
2191:European Political Community
2078:S: 14 June 1985/19 June 1990
2048:European Council conclusions
1974:S: 18 April 1951/27 May 1952
1632:European Community (EC)
1336:European integration project
1301:London and Paris Conferences
1291:London and Paris Conferences
1259:London and Paris Conferences
32:War of the League of Cambrai
3783:March 1948 events in Europe
3773:Treaties of the Netherlands
3518:Related political documents
2732:The Treaty of Brussels 1948
2263:pillar system was abolished
1589:European Economic Community
1156:Vice-Admiral Robert Jaujard
1111:United Kingdom: 2 June 1948
1045:Minister of Foreign Affairs
491:European Economic Community
38:. For the 2013 treaty, see
34:. For the 1656 treaty, see
3819:
3753:Treaties concluded in 1948
3743:1948 in the United Kingdom
2679:The Western European Union
2628:NATO: The First Five Years
1960:F: 3 August/24 August 1949
1475:
1348:la construction européenne
1288:
1148:Jean de Lattre de Tassigny
370:
240:, also referred to as the
44:
29:
3696:
3616:Schengen acquis of the EU
3059:Galileo navigation system
2279:qualified majority voting
2152:Although not EU treaties
2116:
1887:
1846:
1843:
1840:
1837:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1809:
1806:
1800:
1735:
1731:
1695:
1691:
1660:
1645:
1629:
1622:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1599:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1567:
1562:
1529:
1527:
1518:
1510:
1508:
1497:
1490:European Communities
1482:
1460:
1442:
1439:
1433:
1218:(WUDO) into NATO. NATO's
1117:Netherlands: 20 July 1948
1027:Prime Minister of Belgium
989:Prince Charles of Belgium
883:European Union portal
218:
62:
40:Brussels Agreement (2013)
36:Treaty of Brussels (1656)
3718:Western Union (alliance)
3229:Treaty on European Union
2229:Treaty on European Union
2166:Modified Brussels Treaty
2028:Brussels (Merger) Treaty
1648:Justice and Home Affairs
1408:Rel. w/ EC/EU framework:
1114:Luxembourg: 10 June 1948
811:Von der Leyen Commission
526:Justice and Home Affairs
373:Western Union (alliance)
250:Modified Brussels Treaty
3738:1948 in the Netherlands
3663:European Fiscal Compact
3296:Second Budgetary Treaty
2964:Politico-Military Group
2860:External Action Service
2840:Foreign Affairs Council
1571:(Distr. of competences)
3723:Western European Union
3687:Versailles declaration
3610:Saint-Malo declaration
3604:Petersberg Declaration
3498:Western European Union
3290:First Budgetary Treaty
2335:Western European Union
2061:S: 17/28 February 1986
1985:Protocol Modifying and
1795:Western European Union
1347:
1340:construction of Europe
1279:Western European Union
1253:was signed by the six
852:History of enlargement
557:Western European Union
377:Western European Union
346:Western European Union
341:
258:Western European Union
3699:European Union Portal
3477:Expired or terminated
3366:Changes in membership
3216:Consolidated versions
3144:Berlin Plus agreement
3091:Monitor mission medal
2312:European Union portal
2189:Plans to establish a
2174:mutual defence clause
1958:S: 5 May/4 April 1949
1727:Anglo-French alliance
1108:Belgium: 3 April 1948
1093:George William Rendel
1071:of the United Kingdom
296:North Atlantic Treaty
194:Government of Belgium
3639:Seville Declarations
3536:Declarations at the
2669:(Accessed 22 Feb 18)
2643:The First Five Years
2415:Duke, Simon (2000).
2208:European Communities
1356:European Communities
691:Hallstein Commission
468:European Communities
3622:Bologna declaration
3598:Schengen Convention
3525:Schuman Declaration
3302:Single European Act
3135:Kortenberg building
3129:Intelligence School
3038:Everything but Arms
2985:European Commission
2946:preparatory bodies
2815:High Representative
2421:. Basingstoke, UK:
2180:superseded the WEU.
2122:S: 13 December 2007
2111:S: 26 February 2001
2057:Single European Act
1927:E: 8 September 1997
1925:F: 8 September 1947
1380:F: entry into force
1360:Schuman Declaration
1182:(May 1949) and the
1075:Jean de Hautecloque
1003:President of France
839:History of the euro
721:Mansholt Commission
711:Malfatti Commission
644:Treaty of Amsterdam
624:Single European Act
317:(May 1949) and the
54:
3803:Events in Brussels
3748:1948 in Luxembourg
3651:Berlin Declaration
3592:Schengen Agreement
3580:Solemn Declaration
3544:Benelux memorandum
3531:Europe Declaration
3331:Protocol 36 (2011)
3113:Headline Goal 2010
2969:Military Committee
2754:2009-08-01 at the
2741:6 May 2020 at the
2730:European Navigator
2697:. WEU. 2011-05-27.
2665:2020-05-06 at the
2501:pp. 139–165.
2423:Palgrave Macmillan
2124:F: 1 December 2009
2113:F: 1 February 2003
2091:F: 1 November 1993
2089:S: 7 February 1992
2051:S: 2 December 1975
2042:S: 27 October 1970
2020:S: 21 October 1959
1991:S: 23 October 1954
1516:(EAEC or Euratom)
1332:pooled sovereignty
1188:Congress of Europe
1178:(April 1949), the
1174:(April 1948), the
1140:Bernard Montgomery
991:, as the reigning
860:List of presidents
801:Juncker Commission
791:Barroso Commission
741:Jenkins Commission
515:European Community
342:Deutschlandvertrag
313:(April 1948), the
238:Treaty of Brussels
225:Treaty of Brussels
53:Treaty of Brussels
3788:1940s in Brussels
3705:
3704:
3681:Malta Declaration
3568:Copenhagen report
3513:
3512:
3494:Modified Brussels
3443:
3442:
3439:
3438:
3361:
3360:
3208:Founding treaties
3191:Founding treaties
3157:
3156:
3148:Joint Declaration
3123:Military Mobility
3033:Security Strategy
3021:
3020:
2508:978-0-7425-3917-4
2436:978-0-312-22402-8
2405:February 18, 1957
2320:Treaty of Dunkirk
2287:intergovernmental
2259:legal personality
2212:legal personality
2129:
2128:
2100:S: 2 October 1997
2086:Maastricht Treaty
2022:F: 1 January 1960
2016:WEU-CoE agreement
2009:F: 1 January 1958
1978:E: 23 July 2002/—
1976:F: 23 July 1952/—
1940:F: 25 August 1948
1895:Council of Europe
1319:Since the end of
1180:Council of Europe
982:plenipotentiaries
947:Treaty of Dunkirk
917:
916:
834:History of Europe
819:
818:
771:Santer Commission
761:Delors Commission
731:Ortoli Commission
672:
671:
634:Maastricht Treaty
575:
574:
315:Council of Europe
285:Treaty of Dunkirk
234:
233:
16:(Redirected from
3810:
3586:Rome Declaration
3426:Greenland (1984)
3370:
3256:
3249:
3213:
3197:(1951–1993) and
3193:of the European
3184:
3177:
3170:
3161:
3118:Military Erasmus
2933:Satellite Centre
2855:
2835:European Council
2790:
2783:
2776:
2767:
2717:
2716:
2705:
2699:
2698:
2696:
2688:
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2676:
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2584:
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2580:
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2555:
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2519:
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2495:Lanham, Maryland
2484:
2478:
2477:
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2443:
2412:
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2388:
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2314:
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2290:
2255:
2249:
2242:
2236:
2221:
2215:
2204:
2198:
2187:
2181:
2150:
2097:Amsterdam Treaty
2080:F: 26 March 1995
2007:S: 25 March 1957
1965:Paris treaties:
1938:S: 17 March 1948
1908:Entente Cordiale
1900:
1896:
1892:
1870:
1863:
1856:
1796:
1792:
1786:
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1773:
1764:
1761:
1753:
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1495:
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1473:
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1421:
1416:
1412:
1407:
1397:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1365:
1313:Treaty of Lisbon
1043:, Luxembourgish
1023:Paul-Henri Spaak
909:
902:
895:
881:
880:
879:
865:List of founders
781:Prodi Commission
751:Thorn Commission
687:
686:
664:Treaty of Lisbon
590:
589:
464:
463:
408:
381:
357:Treaty of Lisbon
326:Paris Conference
223:
222:
180:
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177:
167:
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125:
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55:
21:
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3809:
3808:
3807:
3728:1948 in Belgium
3708:
3707:
3706:
3701:
3692:
3645:PrĂĽm Convention
3562:Davignon report
3509:
3472:
3435:
3414:
3357:
3340:
3240:
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3188:
3158:
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2803:
2794:
2756:Wayback Machine
2743:Wayback Machine
2726:
2721:
2720:
2707:
2706:
2702:
2694:
2690:
2689:
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2681:On CVCE website
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2667:Wayback Machine
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2409:
2403:Hansard extract
2401:
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2358:
2310:
2305:
2303:
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2295:
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2293:
2271:EU institutions
2256:
2252:
2243:
2239:
2222:
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2205:
2201:
2188:
2184:
2151:
2138:
2132:
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2112:
2110:
2103:
2101:
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2092:
2090:
2088:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2070:Schengen Treaty
2064:
2062:
2060:
2052:
2050:
2043:
2041:
2039:Davignon report
2034:
2032:
2031:S: 8 April 1965
2030:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2010:
2008:
2006:
1998:Rome treaties:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1986:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1943:
1942:T: 30 June 2011
1941:
1939:
1937:
1934:Brussels Treaty
1928:
1926:
1924:
1923:S: 4 March 1947
1922:
1913:
1912:S: 8 April 1904
1911:
1898:
1894:
1874:
1794:
1775:
1759:
1756:
1755:
1751:
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1737:
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1395:
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1391:
1387:
1386:
1382:
1381:
1377:
1376:
1372:
1371:
1309:
1293:
1287:
1242:and so include
1168:
1127:
1102:
1032:Georges Bidault
978:
965:
938:
933:
928:
913:
877:
875:
870:
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594:Treaty of Paris
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81:Founding treaty
73:
50:
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28:
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22:
18:Brussels Treaty
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5:
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3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
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3765:
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3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3733:1948 in France
3730:
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3697:
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3633:PFI Convention
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3203:
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3164:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3151:
3140:NATO relations
3137:
3132:
3126:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3103:
3101:
3097:
3096:
3094:
3093:
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2930:
2925:
2923:Defence Agency
2919:
2917:
2909:
2908:
2906:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2885:
2874:Military Staff
2865:
2863:
2852:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2811:
2809:
2805:
2804:
2801:European Union
2795:
2793:
2792:
2785:
2778:
2770:
2764:
2763:
2758:
2746:
2733:
2725:
2724:External links
2722:
2719:
2718:
2715:on 2011-12-19.
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2231:(TEU) and the
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2095:
2093:
2084:
2082:
2067:
2065:
2063:F: 1 July 1987
2055:
2053:
2046:
2044:
2037:
2035:
2033:F: 1 July 1967
2026:
2024:
2013:
2011:
1997:
1995:
1982:
1980:
1964:
1962:
1946:
1944:
1931:
1929:
1919:Dunkirk Treaty
1916:
1914:
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1902:
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1385:T: termination
1352:European Union
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1305:
1289:Main article:
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1125:Implementation
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1101:
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1062:
1053:
1050:Gaston Eyskens
1047:
1038:
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1005:
999:Vincent Auriol
996:
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969:Western Europe
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697:
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654:Treaty of Nice
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649:
646:
640:
639:
636:
630:
629:
626:
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609:
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604:Treaty of Rome
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508:(1958–present)
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423:Pre-1948 ideas
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398:European Union
396:History of the
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334:General Treaty
281:United Kingdom
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3574:London report
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3081:Service medal
3079:
3078:
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3060:
3057:
3056:
3054:
3050:
3044:
3043:Annual Review
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2158:development
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682:Commissions
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561:(1954–2011)
551:(1993–2009)
540:(2003–2009)
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496:(1958–1993)
484:(1952–2002)
472:(1958–2009)
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169:Netherlands
116:Signatories
3712:Categories
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3308:Maastricht
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2808:Leadership
2641:Archives,
2579:27 January
2553:2010-11-27
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2442:2010-11-27
2356:References
2170:terminated
2074:Convention
1953:Washington
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1656:pillar II)
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1152:James Robb
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995:of Belgium
963:Motivation
931:Background
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229:Wikisource
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1325:sovereign
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438:1973–1993
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200:Languages
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3259:In force
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1400:de facto
1328:European
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585:Treaties
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387:a series
385:Part of
367:Contents
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3252:General
3131:(PESCO)
3125:(PESCO)
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3066:(PESCO)
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