755:
centimetres (24 to 47 inches) in height, maturing over several weeks from the lower to the upper part of the stalk. Sprouts may be picked by hand into baskets, in which case several harvests are made of five to 15 sprouts at a time, or by cutting the entire stalk at once for processing, or by mechanical harvester, depending on variety. Each stalk can produce 1.1 to 1.4 kilograms (2.4 to 3.1 pounds), although the commercial yield is about 900 g (2 lb) per stalk. Harvest season in temperate zones of the northern latitudes is
September to March, making Brussels sprouts a traditional winter-stock vegetable. In the home garden, harvest can be delayed as quality does not suffer from freezing. Sprouts are considered to be sweetest after a frost.
1124:
1204:
1110:
1176:
1009:
1096:
1145:
1075:
1190:
1162:
49:
794:; old name Cruciferae). Many cultivars are available; some are purple in color, such as 'Ruby Crunch' or 'Red Bull'. The purple varieties are hybrids between purple cabbage and regular green Brussels sprouts developed by a Dutch botanist in the 1940s, yielding a variety with some of the red cabbage's purple colors and greater sweetness.
754:
Brussels sprouts grow in temperature ranges of 7–24 °C (45–75 °F), with highest yields at 15–18 °C (59–64 °F). Fields are ready for harvest 90 to 180 days after planting. The edible sprouts grow like buds in helical patterns along the side of long, thick stalks of about 60 to 120
896:
market, with the remainder for fresh consumption. Once harvested, sprouts last 3–5 weeks under ideal near-freezing conditions before wilting and discoloring, and about half as long at refrigerator temperature. North
American varieties are generally 2.5–5 cm (1–2 in) in diameter.
1266:
National
Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Food and Nutrition Board; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium (2019). Oria, Maria; Harrison, Meghan; Stallings, Virginia A. (eds.).
1016:
The most common method of preparing
Brussels sprouts for cooking begins with cutting the buds off the stalk. Any surplus stem is cut away, and any loose surface leaves are peeled and discarded. Once cut and cleaned, the buds are typically cooked by boiling,
1025:, or roasting. Some cooks make a single cut or a cross in the center of the stem to aid the penetration of heat. The cross cut may, however, be ineffective, with it being commonly believed to cause the sprouts to be waterlogged when boiled.
747:. Brussels sprouts as they are now known were grown possibly as early as the 13th century in what is now Belgium. The first written reference dates to 1587. During the 16th century, they enjoyed a popularity in the
1123:
826:, the largest producers are the Netherlands, at 82,000 metric tons, and Germany, at 10,000 tons. The United Kingdom has production comparable to that of the Netherlands, but its crop is generally not exported.
625:
1659:
846:
It is unclear when
Brussels sprouts were introduced to the United States, but French settlers in Louisiana are known to have grown them. The first commercial plantings began in the
1531:
1244:
1587:
1175:
1074:
1144:
2315:
1999:
1203:
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2250:
1109:
814:
archived low-bitterness varieties with modern high-yield varieties, over time producing a significant increase in the popularity of the vegetable.
2289:
2263:
1700:
1095:
1692:
2377:
2338:
1278:
1667:
1423:
870:, which offer an ideal combination of coastal fog and cool temperatures year-round. The harvest season lasts from June through January.
668:
species, Brussels sprouts first appeared in northern Europe during the 5th century; they were later cultivated in the 13th century near
2189:
1161:
1889:
Ortner, E.; Granvogl, M. (2018). "Thermally induced generation of desirable aroma-active compounds from the glucosinolate sinigrin".
1273:. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US).
2109:
1487:
1454:
1236:
1726:
Pettit, Stephen J; Japp, Alan G; Gardner, Roy S (10 December 2012). "The hazards of
Brussels sprouts consumption at Christmas".
2276:
1992:
1189:
1362:
936:
for its potential biological properties. Although boiling reduces the level of sulforaphane, steaming, microwave cooking, and
917:
factor. In one incident, eating too many
Brussels sprouts led to hospitalization for an individual on blood-thinning therapy.
2294:
1558:
1047:. For taste, roasting Brussels sprouts is a common way to cook them to enhance flavor. Common toppings or additions include
1924:
1292:
2302:
1422:
Field, Robert C. (2000). "Cruciferous and Green Leafy
Vegetables". In Kiple, Kenneth F.; Ornelas, Kriemhild Conee (eds.).
859:
1563:
1232:
855:
2461:
863:
1028:
Overcooking renders the buds gray and soft, and they then develop a strong flavor and odor that some dislike for its
2431:
2390:
2320:
1985:
851:
835:
834:
Second to the
Netherlands in export volume is Mexico, where the climate allows nearly year-round production. The
2395:
1969:
1504:
1397:
2456:
2441:
2343:
1769:
1082:
838:
is the main supplier to the US market, but produce also comes from the
Mexicali, San Luis and coastal areas.
751:
that eventually spread throughout the cooler parts of Northern Europe, reaching Britain by the 17th century.
2237:
2125:
1942:
1637:
2242:
2229:
2436:
2224:
2147:
2130:
787:
621:
802:
In the 1990s, Dutch scientist Hans van Doorn identified the chemicals that make Brussels sprouts bitter:
1597:
1592:
1370:
481:
612:
2268:
2330:
1704:
1532:"What's In Season at the Farmers Market: (The End of) Purple Brussels Sprouts at Weiser Family Farms"
748:
677:
661:
533:
494:
1808:
1008:
2403:
2382:
2099:
1783:
1751:
1440:
1135:
993:
878:
823:
468:
448:
197:
2203:
2446:
2364:
2019:
2009:
1906:
1743:
1483:
1479:
1472:
1450:
1323:
1284:
1274:
1131:
648:
546:
320:
69:
2369:
2043:
1898:
1834:
1735:
1052:
886:
685:
337:
2351:
2068:
1048:
624:
for adults, except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from
48:
2028:
933:
914:
775:
759:
703:
639:
77:
31:
873:
Most U.S. production is in California, with a smaller percentage of the crop grown in
2425:
2104:
1588:"From Culinary Dud To Stud: How Dutch Plant Breeders Built Our Brussels Sprouts Boom"
1446:
1318:
1152:
1037:
997:
929:
906:
881:, where cool springs, mild summers, and rich soil abounds, and to a lesser degree on
874:
255:
153:
90:
1755:
2408:
2033:
1536:
1374:
954:
925:
791:
744:
129:
690:
2307:
2183:
2094:
2063:
1314:
1022:
966:
937:
893:
882:
811:
113:
17:
1268:
2048:
1859:
982:
978:
965:. In a 100 gram reference amount, they supply high levels (20% or more of the
867:
807:
520:
354:
303:
263:
2174:
1902:
2211:
974:
970:
847:
507:
426:
413:
400:
251:
1910:
1747:
1288:
905:
Consuming Brussels sprouts in excess may not be suitable for people taking
889:. Total US production is around 32,000 tons, with a value of $ 27 million.
854:
by 1939. Currently, several thousand acres are planted in coastal areas of
2356:
2168:
2089:
2038:
1044:
1040:
1018:
921:
910:
850:
delta in 1925, and much of these plantings would move to the Californian
803:
783:
767:
669:
286:
54:
1739:
2255:
2198:
2084:
2074:
2058:
958:
771:
763:
673:
665:
643:
387:
231:
63:
1666:. Chicago's Restaurant & Entertainment Guide, Inc. Archived from
1086:
1029:
989:
370:
260:
2281:
2141:
1977:
1511:. Master Gardener Program of Sonoma County, University of California
1182:
Brussels sprouts removed from the stalk and placed in a net type bag
1442:
Food and drink in Britain : from the Stone Age to recent times
1081:
Brussels sprouts at the beginning of their formation, in Wattrelos
743:
Forerunners to modern Brussels sprouts were probably cultivated in
2216:
1033:
1007:
143:
1770:"Research Says Boiling Broccoli Ruins Its Anti Cancer Properties"
1660:"Eat this! Brussels sprouts, baby cabbages for St. Patrick's Day"
1428:. Vol. 1. Cambridge UP. p. 292 – via Gale eBooks.
2079:
1012:
Brussels sprouts prepared for cooking in a wood-fired pizza oven
779:
559:
2145:
1981:
1618:
Illert, S. (2004). "The Small Market Study: Brussels Sprouts".
962:
173:
1925:"Abernethy Elementary chef taking her lessons to White House"
1237:"Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels"
30:
This article is about the plant. For the pencil game, see
1130:
Fresh Brussels sprouts being transported from a farm in
1369:. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences,
730:
inches) in diameter and resemble miniature cabbages.
1772:(Press release). University of Warwick. 15 May 2007.
2154:
2118:
2017:
1151:Brussels sprouts on stalks at a farmers' market in
595:
583:
558:
545:
532:
519:
506:
493:
480:
467:
446:
425:
412:
399:
386:
369:
353:
336:
319:
302:
285:
250:
229:
194:
170:
152:
142:
126:
112:
107:
86:
76:
62:
41:
1943:"10 Easy Ways to Upgrade Roasted Brussels Sprouts"
1471:
1270:Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium
1036:-odor properties. The odor is associated with the
1693:"Crop Profile for Brussels Sprouts in California"
458:
241:
892:About 80 to 85% of U.S. production is for the
108:Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
1993:
1478:. Boston: Little, Brown and Company. p.
920:Brussels sprouts, as with broccoli and other
8:
680:name Gemmifera (or lowercase and italicized
100:
2142:
2000:
1986:
1978:
1891:Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
1398:"A Belgian history of the Brussels sprout"
1233:United States Food and Drug Administration
1168:Brussels sprouts on stalk at a supermarket
1043:, a sulfur compound having characteristic
1000:exist in moderate to low amounts (table).
211:
99:
47:
38:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1653:
1651:
1638:"Top Brussels Sprouts Exports by Country"
977:(169% DV), with more moderate amounts of
1701:United States Department of Agriculture
1224:
1070:
953:Raw Brussels sprouts are 86% water, 9%
810:. This enabled Dutch seed companies to
1687:
1685:
32:Sprouts (game) § Brussels Sprouts
1530:Friesema, Felicia (8 February 2013).
1357:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1055:, brown sugar, chestnuts, or pepper.
676:, from which their name derives. The
7:
2331:38d7ec9a-9a52-4062-96ad-58f657f4c768
1974:– Plants For a Future database entry
1417:
1415:
1210:Brussels sprouts roasted over a fire
1116:Harvested Brussels sprouts on stalks
610:approx. 5-10 sprouts per 100 g
2396:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77106805-1
1470:Crockett, James Underwood (1977).
1247:from the original on 27 March 2024
1102:Brussels sprouts ready for harvest
913:, since they contain vitamin K, a
25:
1319:"Food Timeline: Brussels sprouts"
940:do not cause a significant loss.
706:are typically 1.5–4 centimetres (
2452:Miniature versions of vegetables
2190:Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera
1728:The Medical Journal of Australia
1586:Charles, Dan (30 October 2019).
1202:
1188:
1174:
1160:
1143:
1122:
1108:
1094:
1073:
1833:Clarke, Erin (6 October 2019).
1658:Zeldes, Leah A (9 March 2011).
1559:"Brussels: a bittersweet story"
1425:Cambridge World History of Food
1295:from the original on 9 May 2024
1809:"How to cook brussels sprouts"
1196:Brussels sprout sliced in half
652:), grown for its edible buds.
1:
798:Contemporary Brussels sprouts
638:is a member of the Gemmifera
1564:Society of Chemical Industry
620:Percentages estimated using
1971:Brassica oleracea gemmifera
1136:Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
790:(they belong to the family
613:Link to USDA Database entry
2478:
1860:"Brussels sprouts recipes"
1835:"Roasted Brussels Sprouts"
118:179 kJ (43 kcal)
29:
1474:Crockett's Victory Garden
1021:, stir frying, grilling,
619:
607:
603:
579:
571:
442:
438:
225:
221:
214:
210:
190:
186:
166:
162:
122:
46:
1903:10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01039
1439:Wilson, C. Anne (1976).
2126:List of broccoli dishes
1644:. WorldsTopExports.com.
1445:. Harmondsworth :
758:Brussels sprouts are a
660:Although native to the
622:US recommendations
2131:List of cabbage dishes
1013:
626:the National Academies
1598:National Public Radio
1593:All Things Considered
1371:University of Georgia
1011:
216:Vitamins and minerals
101:Brussels sprouts, raw
1607:– via NPR.org.
1503:Rose, Linda (2017).
1400:. The Brussels Times
1377:on 13 September 2007
749:southern Netherlands
662:Mediterranean region
1839:Well Plated by Erin
1740:10.5694/mja12.11304
1707:on 22 February 2008
1642:World's Top Exports
338:Pantothenic acid (B
104:
2462:Belgian inventions
2156:Brassica oleracea
2100:Romanesco broccoli
1784:"Brussels sprouts"
1670:on 26 January 2012
1509:sonomamg.ucanr.edu
1505:"Brussels sprouts"
1014:
994:essential minerals
824:Continental Europe
585:Other constituents
53:Brussels sprouts (
2432:Brassica oleracea
2419:
2418:
2365:Open Tree of Life
2148:Taxon identifiers
2139:
2138:
2020:Brassica oleracea
2010:Brassica oleracea
1897:(10): 2485–2490.
1363:"Brussel Sprouts"
1324:The Food Timeline
1317:(11 April 2011).
1280:978-0-309-48834-1
1132:Wesselburenerkoog
961:, and negligible
901:Consumption risks
694:(bud-producing).
649:Brassica oleracea
632:
631:
575:
574:
98:
97:
70:Brassica oleracea
16:(Redirected from
2469:
2412:
2411:
2399:
2398:
2386:
2385:
2373:
2372:
2360:
2359:
2347:
2346:
2334:
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2324:
2323:
2311:
2310:
2308:NBNSYS0000034338
2298:
2297:
2285:
2284:
2272:
2271:
2259:
2258:
2246:
2245:
2233:
2232:
2220:
2219:
2207:
2206:
2194:
2193:
2192:
2179:
2178:
2177:
2159:
2143:
2044:Broccoli sprouts
2002:
1995:
1988:
1979:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1886:
1875:
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1849:
1847:
1845:
1830:
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1823:
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1805:
1799:
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1794:
1780:
1774:
1773:
1766:
1760:
1759:
1723:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1703:. Archived from
1689:
1680:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1655:
1646:
1645:
1634:
1628:
1627:
1615:
1609:
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1604:
1583:
1577:
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1555:
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1527:
1521:
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1518:
1516:
1500:
1494:
1493:
1477:
1467:
1461:
1460:
1436:
1430:
1429:
1419:
1410:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1396:Realfonzo, Ugo.
1393:
1387:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1373:. Archived from
1359:
1336:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1311:
1305:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1263:
1257:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1229:
1206:
1192:
1178:
1164:
1147:
1126:
1112:
1098:
1077:
1065:Brussels sprouts
1053:balsamic vinegar
729:
728:
724:
721:
715:
714:
710:
462:
374:
358:
341:
324:
307:
290:
252:Vitamin A equiv.
245:
212:
105:
51:
39:
21:
18:Brussels sprouts
2477:
2476:
2472:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2467:
2466:
2457:Belgian cuisine
2442:Leaf vegetables
2422:
2421:
2420:
2415:
2407:
2402:
2394:
2389:
2381:
2376:
2368:
2363:
2355:
2352:Observation.org
2350:
2342:
2337:
2329:
2327:
2319:
2314:
2306:
2301:
2293:
2288:
2280:
2275:
2267:
2262:
2254:
2249:
2241:
2236:
2228:
2223:
2215:
2210:
2202:
2197:
2188:
2187:
2182:
2173:
2172:
2167:
2157:
2150:
2140:
2135:
2114:
2054:Brussels sprout
2013:
2006:
1966:
1961:
1951:
1949:
1941:
1940:
1936:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1888:
1887:
1878:
1868:
1866:
1858:
1857:
1853:
1843:
1841:
1832:
1831:
1827:
1817:
1815:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1792:
1790:
1782:
1781:
1777:
1768:
1767:
1763:
1734:(11): 661–662.
1725:
1724:
1720:
1710:
1708:
1691:
1690:
1683:
1673:
1671:
1657:
1656:
1649:
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1617:
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1612:
1602:
1600:
1585:
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1568:
1557:
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1552:
1542:
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1529:
1528:
1524:
1514:
1512:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1490:
1469:
1468:
1464:
1457:
1449:. p. 184.
1438:
1437:
1433:
1421:
1420:
1413:
1403:
1401:
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1390:
1380:
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1339:
1329:
1327:
1313:
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1308:
1298:
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1260:
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1248:
1231:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1217:
1216:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1207:
1198:
1197:
1193:
1184:
1183:
1179:
1170:
1169:
1165:
1156:
1155:
1148:
1139:
1138:
1127:
1118:
1117:
1113:
1104:
1103:
1099:
1090:
1089:
1078:
1067:
1066:
1061:
1049:Parmesan cheese
1006:
986:
951:
946:
903:
844:
832:
820:
800:
741:
736:
726:
722:
719:
717:
712:
708:
707:
704:leaf vegetables
700:
658:
636:Brussels sprout
615:
611:
608:
566:
553:
540:
527:
514:
501:
488:
475:
463:
433:
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394:
381:
372:
364:
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348:
339:
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278:
276:
271:
266:
258:
246:
217:
206:
201:
182:
177:
138:
133:
102:
93:
82:Gemmifera Group
58:
42:Brussels sprout
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2475:
2473:
2465:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2424:
2423:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2413:
2409:wfo-0000571393
2400:
2387:
2374:
2361:
2348:
2335:
2325:
2312:
2299:
2286:
2273:
2260:
2247:
2234:
2221:
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2180:
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2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2029:Acephala group
2025:
2023:
2015:
2014:
2007:
2005:
2004:
1997:
1990:
1982:
1976:
1975:
1965:
1964:External links
1962:
1960:
1959:
1934:
1931:. 1 June 2010.
1916:
1876:
1851:
1825:
1800:
1775:
1761:
1718:
1697:ipmcenters.org
1681:
1664:Dining Chicago
1647:
1629:
1620:Gemuse Munchen
1610:
1578:
1550:
1522:
1495:
1488:
1462:
1455:
1431:
1411:
1388:
1337:
1306:
1279:
1258:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1208:
1201:
1199:
1195:
1194:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1180:
1173:
1171:
1167:
1166:
1159:
1157:
1150:
1149:
1142:
1140:
1129:
1128:
1121:
1119:
1115:
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1107:
1105:
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1100:
1093:
1091:
1080:
1079:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1064:
1063:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1005:
1002:
984:
973:(102% DV) and
950:
947:
945:
942:
934:basic research
915:blood-clotting
907:anticoagulants
902:
899:
843:
840:
831:
828:
819:
816:
799:
796:
776:collard greens
760:cultivar group
740:
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732:
699:
696:
657:
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640:cultivar group
630:
629:
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110:
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103:(edible parts)
96:
95:
94:(year unknown)
88:
84:
83:
80:
78:Cultivar group
74:
73:
66:
60:
59:
52:
44:
43:
26:
24:
14:
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10:
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2437:Edible plants
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2196:
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2166:
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2163:
2161:
2153:
2149:
2144:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2117:
2111:
2110:Spring greens
2108:
2106:
2105:Savoy cabbage
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
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2078:
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2016:
2012:
2011:
2003:
1998:
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1989:
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1980:
1973:
1972:
1968:
1967:
1963:
1948:
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1930:
1929:The Oregonian
1926:
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1489:0-316-16120-9
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1456:9780140551013
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1447:Penguin Books
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1153:Massachusetts
1146:
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1038:glucosinolate
1035:
1031:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1010:
1003:
1001:
999:
998:dietary fiber
995:
991:
988:, as well as
987:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
955:carbohydrates
948:
943:
941:
939:
935:
931:
930:phytochemical
927:
923:
918:
916:
912:
908:
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898:
895:
890:
888:
884:
880:
876:
875:Skagit Valley
871:
869:
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861:
857:
853:
852:Central Coast
849:
842:United States
841:
839:
837:
829:
827:
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378:
376:
368:
361:
359:
352:
345:
343:
335:
328:
326:
318:
311:
309:
304:Riboflavin (B
301:
294:
292:
284:
268:
265:
262:
257:
256:beta-Carotene
253:
249:
244:
239:
236:
234:
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228:
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213:
209:
203:
200:
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193:
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176:
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169:
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161:
157:
155:
154:Dietary fibre
151:
147:
145:
141:
135:
132:
131:
130:Carbohydrates
125:
121:
117:
115:
111:
106:
92:
91:Low Countries
89:
85:
81:
79:
75:
72:
71:
67:
65:
61:
56:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
2155:
2053:
2034:Broccoflower
2018:
2008:
1970:
1950:. Retrieved
1946:
1937:
1928:
1919:
1894:
1890:
1867:. Retrieved
1863:
1854:
1842:. Retrieved
1838:
1828:
1816:. Retrieved
1812:
1803:
1791:. Retrieved
1787:
1778:
1764:
1731:
1727:
1721:
1711:21 September
1709:. Retrieved
1705:the original
1696:
1672:. Retrieved
1668:the original
1663:
1641:
1632:
1626:(12): 56–58.
1623:
1619:
1613:
1601:. Retrieved
1591:
1581:
1569:. Retrieved
1562:
1553:
1541:. Retrieved
1537:L. A. Weekly
1535:
1525:
1513:. Retrieved
1508:
1498:
1473:
1465:
1441:
1434:
1424:
1402:. Retrieved
1391:
1381:21 September
1379:. Retrieved
1375:the original
1366:
1328:. Retrieved
1322:
1315:Olver, Lynne
1309:
1297:. Retrieved
1269:
1261:
1249:. Retrieved
1240:
1227:
1051:and butter,
1027:
1023:slow cooking
1015:
952:
926:sulforaphane
919:
904:
891:
872:
866:counties of
845:
833:
821:
801:
792:Brassicaceae
762:of the same
757:
753:
745:Ancient Rome
742:
701:
689:
688:name) means
681:
659:
647:
635:
633:
589:
584:
459:
454:
447:
242:
237:
230:
196:
172:
128:
68:
36:
2184:Wikispecies
2095:Red cabbage
2064:Cauliflower
1571:24 February
1543:19 November
967:Daily Value
938:stir frying
894:frozen food
883:Long Island
836:Baja region
812:cross-breed
788:cruciferous
786:; they are
734:Cultivation
698:Description
691:gemmiferous
664:with other
287:Thiamine (B
2426:Categories
2282:77106805-1
2049:Broccolini
1404:11 January
1220:References
981:, such as
979:B vitamins
924:, contain
909:, such as
879:Washington
868:California
860:Santa Cruz
808:progoitrin
521:Phosphorus
264:zeaxanthin
2243:200009270
2230:200009270
2160:gemmifera
1813:Good Food
1788:Good Food
983:vitamin B
975:vitamin K
971:vitamin C
969:, DV) of
949:Nutrition
922:brassicas
856:San Mateo
848:Louisiana
682:gemmifera
656:Etymology
534:Potassium
508:Manganese
495:Magnesium
427:Vitamin K
414:Vitamin E
401:Vitamin C
371:Folate (B
355:Vitamin B
321:Niacin (B
27:Vegetable
2447:Brussels
2169:Wikidata
2119:See also
2090:Kohlrabi
2039:Broccoli
1911:28629219
1869:30 April
1864:BBC Food
1756:42292011
1748:23230944
1603:30 March
1293:Archived
1289:30844154
1251:28 March
1245:Archived
1235:(2024).
1045:pungency
1041:sinigrin
1019:steaming
1004:Culinary
911:warfarin
887:New York
864:Monterey
804:sinigrin
784:kohlrabi
768:broccoli
670:Brussels
644:cabbages
590:Quantity
515:0.337 mg
455:Quantity
449:Minerals
365:0.219 mg
349:0.309 mg
332:0.745 mg
298:0.139 mg
238:Quantity
232:Vitamins
57:unknown)
55:cultivar
2256:3042861
2199:Ecocrop
2175:Q150463
2085:Kalette
2075:Gai lan
2069:Collard
2059:Cabbage
1952:20 June
1844:20 June
1818:20 June
1793:20 June
1674:30 June
1367:UGA.edu
1330:9 April
1299:21 June
1059:Gallery
959:protein
772:cabbage
764:species
739:History
725:⁄
711:⁄
686:variety
674:Belgium
666:cabbage
567:0.42 mg
469:Calcium
421:0.88 mg
395:19.1 mg
388:Choline
315:0.09 mg
280:1590 μg
198:Protein
64:Species
2378:PLANTS
2370:951624
2357:136478
2328:NZOR:
2321:178616
2295:530959
2071:greens
1947:Kitchn
1909:
1754:
1746:
1567:. 2010
1515:7 June
1486:
1453:
1287:
1277:
1087:France
1083:(Nord)
1030:garlic
990:folate
932:under
862:, and
830:Mexico
818:Europe
782:, and
547:Sodium
541:389 mg
489:1.4 mg
434:177 μg
277:450 μg
261:lutein
205:3.48 g
144:Sugars
137:8.95 g
114:Energy
87:Origin
2383:BROLG
2339:NZPCN
2217:BRSOF
1752:S2CID
1034:onion
1032:- or
957:, 3%
684:as a
678:group
596:Water
554:25 mg
528:69 mg
502:23 mg
476:42 mg
408:85 mg
382:61 μg
272:38 μg
181:0.3 g
158:3.8 g
148:2.2 g
2391:POWO
2344:4266
2316:NCBI
2290:ITIS
2277:IPNI
2269:7675
2264:GRIN
2251:GBIF
2212:EPPO
2158:var.
2080:Kale
1954:2024
1907:PMID
1871:2021
1846:2024
1820:2024
1795:2024
1744:PMID
1713:2007
1676:2011
1605:2020
1573:2023
1545:2017
1517:2017
1484:ISBN
1451:ISBN
1406:2024
1383:2007
1332:2012
1301:2024
1285:PMID
1275:ISBN
1253:2024
996:and
944:Uses
928:, a
806:and
780:kale
702:The
634:The
599:86 g
560:Zinc
482:Iron
432:148%
2404:WFO
2303:NBN
2238:FoC
2225:FNA
2204:555
1899:doi
1736:doi
1732:197
1480:187
1241:FDA
963:fat
822:In
766:as
642:of
539:13%
513:15%
460:%DV
406:94%
380:15%
363:13%
296:12%
243:%DV
174:Fat
2428::
2406::
2393::
2380::
2367::
2354::
2341::
2318::
2305::
2292::
2279::
2266::
2253::
2240::
2227::
2214::
2201::
2186::
2171::
1945:.
1927:.
1905:.
1895:66
1893:.
1879:^
1862:.
1837:.
1811:.
1786:.
1750:.
1742:.
1730:.
1699:.
1695:.
1684:^
1662:.
1650:^
1640:.
1624:40
1622:.
1596:.
1590:.
1561:.
1534:.
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1482:.
1414:^
1365:.
1340:^
1321:.
1291:.
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1243:.
1239:.
1134:,
1085:,
992:;
885:,
877:,
858:,
778:,
774:,
770:,
672:,
565:4%
552:1%
526:6%
500:5%
487:8%
474:3%
419:6%
393:3%
347:6%
330:5%
313:7%
275:4%
270:4%
2001:e
1994:t
1987:v
1956:.
1913:.
1901::
1873:.
1848:.
1822:.
1797:.
1758:.
1738::
1715:.
1678:.
1575:.
1547:.
1519:.
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1459:.
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1255:.
985:6
727:2
723:1
720:+
718:1
716:–
713:2
709:1
646:(
628:.
375:)
373:9
357:6
342:)
340:5
325:)
323:3
308:)
306:2
291:)
289:1
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
