281:
records incorporate the accounts of those who were eyewitnesses to the events recorded. We find no biblical, hermeneutical, or exegetical basis to interpret them allegorically, non-historically, or mythically. These accounts do not require knowledge of
Ancient Near Eastern literature to be interpreted correctly. We deny that God used erroneous worldviews from ANE mythology to inspire the writing of Genesis 1–11.
359:
Wood responded that he had produced evidence to back his argument, and that any counter-claims should also be backed by fresh evidence. In 1995 new evidence became available in the form of charred cereal grains from the City IV destruction layer. Radiocarbon dating of these grains showed that
Jericho
354:
Wood has attempted to redate the destruction of
Jericho City IV from the end of the Middle Bronze Age (c. 1550 B.C.) to the end of the Late Bronze I (c. 1400 BC). He has put forward four lines of argument to support his conclusion. Not a single one of these arguments can stand up to scrutiny. On the
280:
We believe the accounts found in
Genesis 1–11 contain factual and real-time, chronology, historical events, places, and persons. This includes the accuracy and real historicity of the persons, ages, and events recorded in the genealogies of Genesis 5 and 11, which may or may not be exhaustive. These
240:
organisation
Associates for Biblical Research), which describes itself as " Christian Apologetics Ministry Dedicated to Demonstrating the Historical Reliability of the Bible through Archaeological and Biblical Research". The magazine concentrates largely on matters relating to archaeology and Bible
394:
and was found to have been abandoned during the entirety of the Middle Bronze and Late Bronze Ages.) Khirbet el-Maqatir has produced pottery of the Early Bronze, Middle Bronze, Late Bronze I, Iron Age I, late
Hellenistic/early Roman, and Byzantine periods. Based on initial finds, including a small
327:
in the 1950s, using more scientific methods than had been available to
Garstang, redated Jericho City IV to 1550 BC and found no signs of any habitation at all for the period around 1400 BC. Wood's 1990 reversion of City IV to Garstang's original 1400 BC therefore attracted considerable attention.
373:
dismissed Wood's theories stating: "Of course, for some, that only made the
Biblical story more miraculous than ever—Joshua destroyed a city that wasn't even there!" According to Ann E. Killebrew, "Most scholars today accept that the majority of the conquest narratives in the book of Joshua are
284:
We consider the patriarchal narratives of
Genesis 12–50 to be historically accurate in their reporting of chronology, persons, places, events, and cultural customs and background. Further, we believe that the extensive chronological data found in both the Old and New Testaments is historically
360:
City IV was destroyed "during the late 17th or the 16th century BC", in line with Kenyon's findings, and that "the fortified Bronze Age city at Tell es-Sultan was not destroyed by ca.1400 BC, as Wood suggested". Wood responded to the newer evidence in an article for the
364:
magazine, concluding that he still held to the date ca. 1400 B.C. based on pottery finds. Wood also argues that the discrepancy is part of the ongoing dispute between
Egyptologists and radiocarbon experts that centers around the
355:
contrary, there is strong evidence to confirm Kathleen Kenyon's dating of City IV to the Middle Bronze Age. Wood's attempt to equate the destruction of City IV with the Israelite conquest of Jericho must therefore be rejected.
344:. In 1999, based on a reanalysis of pottery shards, Wood argued that Jericho could have been captured in the Late Bronze Age by Joshua. Wood and Piotr Bienkowski debated this in the March/April 1990 issue of
415:
as the hiding place of the Israelites before the ambush, and they have found that the fortress had a gate. These points fit the limited and commonplace topographic details ascribed to Ai in the Bible.
1061:
755:
The current scholarly consensus follows the conclusion of Kenyon: Except for a small, short-lived settlement (ca. 1400 B.C.), Jericho was completely uninhabited ca. 1550-1100 B.C.
1497:
1436:
Bruins & van der Plicht, "Tell es-Sultan (Jericho): Radiocarbon Results of Short-Lived Cereal and Multiyear Charcoal Samples from the End of the Middle Bronze Age,"
1032:"Bruins and Van Der Plicht, "Tell Es-Sultan (Jericho): Radiocarbon Results of Short- Lived Cereal and Multiyear Charcoal Samples From the End of the Middle Bronze Age",
1512:
1198:
323:
at Jericho corresponding to the termination of City IV which he identified with the biblical story of Joshua and dated to c. 1400 BC. It was therefore a shock when
522:. Journal for the Study of the Old Testament, Supplement series. Vol. 103. Sheffield, England: JSOT Press for the American Schools of Oriental Research.
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196:(1990), as well as numerous articles on archaeological subjects. He received international attention for his proposed redating of ancient
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1302:
1232:
549:. Critical Issues in Early Israelite History, eds. Richard S. Hess, Gerald A. Klingbeil, and Paul J. Ray. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns.
1197:
The " Problem " of Ai in Joshua 7–8: Solved after Forty Years of Excavation in the West Bank of Israel. Scott Stripling, Mark Hassler.
399:- their "preliminary conclusion is that the LB I fortress meets the Biblical requirements to be tentatively identified as the fortress
1114:
1126:
1199:
https://www.academia.edu/3080985/The_Problem_of_Ai_in_Joshua_7_8_Solved_after_Forty_Years_of_Excavation_in_the_West_Bank_of_Israel
1140:(Of course, for some, that only made the Biblical story more miraculous than ever—Joshua destroyed a city that wasn't even there!)
520:
The Sociology of Pottery in Ancient Palestine: the ceramic industry and the diffusion of ceramic style in the Bronze and Iron Ages
418:
This identification has not gained acceptance. The present-day consensus is that there never was an Israelite conquest of Canaan.
395:
Late Bronze I fortress that was destroyed by fire - some two centuries earlier than the date usually considered for the events of
194:
The Sociology of Pottery in Ancient Palestine: The Ceramic Industry and the Diffusion of Ceramic Style in the Bronze and Iron Ages
1487:
1457:
1155:
Biblical Peoples and Ethnicity: An Archaeological Study of Egyptians, Canaanites, Philistines, and Early Israel, 1300–1100 B.C.E.
173:
58:
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as they began their conquest of the Promised Land - an event which Wood places at around 1406 BC due to his interpretation of
149:
877:
599:——— (November 1991). "The Philistines Enter Canaan: Were They Egyptian Lackeys or Invading Conquerors?".
704:
382:
Wood directed excavations at Khirbet el-Maqatir, a city which he and his associates contend may be the biblical city of
1179:
Byers, Gary A.; Stripling, Dr. Scott; Wood, Bryant (2016). "Excavations at Khirbet el-Maqatir: the 2009–2011 Seasons".
702:
Byers, Gary A.; Stripling, Scott; Wood, Bryant G. (2016). "Excavations at Khirbet el-Maqatir: the 2009-2011 Seasons".
573:
346:
291:
571:——— (March 1990). "Did the Israelites Conquer Jericho? A New Look at the Archaeological Evidence".
659:
644:
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297:
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435:
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586:——— (September 1990). "Dating Jericho's Destruction: Bienkowski Is Wrong on All Counts".
152:
of c. 1400 BC. This date is some 150 years later than the accepted date of c. 1550 BC, first determined by
1502:
181:
67:
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180:. He later pursued biblical and archaeological studies and received an M.A. in Biblical History from the
172:, graduating with a B.S. in mechanical engineering, later earning an M.S. in mechanical engineering from
439:
185:
76:
245:(especially the relationship between science and evangelical religious belief) and Christian devotion.
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Volume 37, Number 2, 1995. (Note: The article gives dates BP, "before present", meaning before 1950.)"
1532:
391:
137:
1433:, eds. Manfred Bietak and Ernst Czerny, Vienna: Ă–sterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschanften, 2007.
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201:
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49:
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The Synchronization of Civilisations in the Eastern Mediterranean in the Second Millenium B.C. III
855:
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672:——— (2011). "Digging up Joshua's Ai: The 2009-2010 Seasons at Kh. el-Maqatir".
237:
213:
157:
37:
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Manfred Bietak and Felix Höflmayer, "Introduction: High and Low Chronology," pp. 13–23 in
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account of the capture of the city by the Israelites. He has also written on the entry of the
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987:
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Israel's Exodus in Transdisciplinary Perspective: Text, Archaeology, Culture, and Geoscience
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687:——— (2012). "Excavations at Khirbet el-Maqatir: The Infant Jar Burial".
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153:
120:
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Palestinian Pottery of the Late Bronze Age: an investigation of the terminal LB IIB phase
963:
Faith, Tradition, and History: Old Testament Historiography in Its Near Eastern Context
486:
The Palestinian Evidence for a Thirteenth Century Conquest: an archaeological appraisal
427:
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366:
329:
177:
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316:
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258:
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1379:"The Philistines Enter Canaan: Were They Egyptian Lackeys or Invading Conquerors?"
219:
He is a member of the Board of Directors of the Near East Archaeological Society.
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1357:"Did the Israelites Conquer Jericho? A New Look at the Archaeological Evidence"
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476:
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Millard, Alan Ralph; Hoffmeier, James Karl; Weston Baker, David (1994).
387:
369:. Kenyon's date is consensually accepted by mainstream archaeologists.
197:
1223:. In Levy, Thomas E.; Schneider, Thomas; Propp, William H.C. (eds.).
333:
209:
1468:
Is Bryant Wood's chronology of Jericho valid? A critical examination
71:
62:
53:
1115:"2. The Israelite Settlement in Canaan. New Archeological Models"
1062:"Dating Jericho's Destruction: Bienkowski is Wrong on All Counts"
1006:"Dating Jericho's Destruction: Bienkowski Is Wrong on All Counts"
412:
627:——— (2000). "Khirbet el-Maqatir, 1995-1998".
80:
612:——— (Spring 1999). "The Walls of Jericho".
232:
Wood serves as editor in chief of the quarterly publication
1458:
The Bible vs. Modern Scholarship; Interview by John Elliott
184:
in 1974 and a PhD in Syro-Palestinian archaeology from the
657:——— (2001). "Khirbet el-Maqatir, 2000".
642:——— (2000). "Khirbet el-Maqatir, 1999".
188:
in 1985. Wood is a specialist in Canaanite pottery of the
503:
Egyptian Amphorae of the New Kingdom and Ramesside Period
771:"Dr. Bryant G. Wood - Associates for Biblical Research"
92:
Reassessment of Garstang's and Kenyon's Jericho datings
1119:
Recent Archeological Discoveries and Biblical Research
765:
763:
1447:, Grand Rapids: Kregel, 1978 reprint of 1931 edition.
505:. Durham, NC: American Schools of Oriental Research.
1293:. In Freedman, David Noel; Myers, Allen C. (eds.).
328:Wood based his belief on the story in the biblical
114:
104:
87:
45:
30:
23:
16:
American archaeologist and Young Earth creationist.
1121:. US: University of Washington Press. p. 47.
884:. Associates for Biblical Research. Archived from
854:. Associates for Biblical Research. Archived from
802:. Associates for Biblical Research. Archived from
315:During a series of excavations from 1930 to 1936
276:It states its creationist commitment as follows:
212:and on the historicity of the Biblical story of
988:"Is Bryant Wood's chronology of Jericho valid?"
257:to demonstrate the historical veracity of the
1463:Wood's interpretation of the Jericho evidence
8:
438:. He is married to Faith Wood, and lives in
1498:American Christian Young Earth creationists
737:Hubbard, Jr., Robert L. (30 August 2009).
269:is listed as Wood. The headquarters is in
20:
933:Wood, Leon James; O'Brien, David (1986).
732:
730:
304:Near East Archaeological Society Bulletin
1513:Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute alumni
1221:"The Emergence of Israel in Retrospect"
726:
1158:Society of Biblical Lit. p. 186.
908:"Latest research articles by category"
878:"Latest research articles by category"
826:"Latest research articles by category"
461:. Ottawa: National Library of Canada.
1323:"Deconstructing the walls of Jericho"
241:history, but also touches on general
144:. Wood is known for arguing that the
7:
386:. (The traditional location of Ai,
200:, arguing for the historicity of a
1181:Judea and Samaria Research Studies
914:. Associates for Biblical Research
828:. Associates for Biblical Research
705:Judea and Samaria Research Studies
289:Wood is also a contributor to the
14:
390:, was excavated most recently by
1295:Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible
174:Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
156:and subsequently confirmed with
59:Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
374:devoid of historical reality".
1291:"Conquest: Biblical narrative"
939:. Harper Collins. p. 74.
743:. Zondervan. pp. 203–04.
545:——— (2008).
518:——— (1990).
501:——— (1987).
484:——— (1987).
150:biblical literalist chronology
1:
1523:University of Michigan alumni
1088:"Carbon 14 Dating at Jericho"
1528:University of Toronto alumni
992:www.biblicalchronologist.org
936:A Survey of Israel's History
1113:Dever, William G. (1990) .
966:. Eisenbrauns. p. 15.
601:Biblical Archaeology Review
588:Biblical Archaeology Review
574:Biblical Archaeology Review
350:, with Bienkowski writing:
347:Biblical Archaeology Review
292:Biblical Archaeology Review
148:could be accorded with the
136:(born 1936) is an American
34:1936 (age 87–88)
1549:
1518:Syracuse University alumni
1493:American biblical scholars
1258:How Israel Became a People
1152:Killebrew, Ann E. (2005).
848:"Bible and Spade Magazine"
796:"Bible and Spade Magazine"
660:Israel Exploration Journal
645:Israel Exploration Journal
630:Israel Exploration Journal
547:The Search for Joshua's Ai
367:date of the Thera eruption
298:Israel Exploration Journal
1297:. Eerdmans. p. 275.
1289:Coote, Robert B. (2000).
1261:. Abingdon. p. 109.
1227:. Springer. p. 519.
127:
97:
1327:lib1.library.cornell.edu
1219:Mullins, Robert (2015).
852:www.biblearchaeology.org
800:www.biblearchaeology.org
457:Wood, Bryant G. (1985).
434:and considers himself a
332:, Jericho was the first
253:committed to the use of
1488:American archaeologists
1255:Hawkins, Ralph (2015).
436:Young Earth creationist
226:and other contributions
142:Young Earth creationist
1508:Old Testament scholars
1473:Bryant Wood's own site
1401:"The Walls of Jericho"
357:
192:. He is the author of
182:University of Michigan
146:destruction of Jericho
138:biblical archaeologist
68:University of Michigan
440:Manheim, Pennsylvania
428:evangelical Christian
411:." They see a nearby
352:
202:biblically literalist
186:University of Toronto
77:University of Toronto
775:biblearchaeology.org
336:city to fall to the
1337:on 10 November 2001
1321:(29 October 1999).
1042:on 7 September 2008
432:biblical literalism
170:Syracuse University
50:Syracuse University
888:on 24 October 2012
858:on 24 October 2012
607:(6): 44–52, 89–92.
378:Khirbet el-Maqatir
236:(published by the
214:Sodom and Gomorrah
158:radiocarbon dating
38:Endicott, New York
1165:978-1-58983-097-4
973:978-0-931464-82-9
946:978-0-310-34770-5
912:Bible Archaeology
882:Bible Archaeology
750:978-0-310-59062-0
556:978-1-57506-804-6
529:978-1-850-75269-1
468:978-0-3151-8831-0
403:, referred to in
321:destruction layer
131:
130:
99:Scientific career
1540:
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1407:on 21 March 2016
1403:. Archived from
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1333:. Archived from
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1268:978-1-42675487-6
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1209:Wood (2000), 29.
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1012:. 24 August 2015
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224:Bible and Spade
190:Late Bronze Age
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164:Academic career
154:Kathleen Kenyon
121:Bible and Spade
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