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Hexamethyltungsten

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illustrates an inherent difficulty in interpreting spectral data for new compounds: initial data may not provide reason to believe the structure deviates from a presumed geometry based on significant historical precedence, but there is always the possibility that the initial assignment will prove to
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symmetry including the hydrogen atoms. The structure (excluding the hydrogen atoms) can be thought of as consisting of a central atom, capped on either side by two eclipsing sets of three carbon atoms, with one triangular set slightly larger but also closer to the central atom than the other. The
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by opening up one set of three methyl groups (upper triangle) to wider C-W-C angles (94-97°) with slightly shorter C-W bond lengths, while closing the other set of three methyls (lower triangle) to 75-78° with longer bond lengths.
38: 424:, hexamethyltungsten is an air-sensitive, red, crystalline solid at room temperature; however, it is extremely volatile and sublimes at −30 °C. Owing to its six methyl groups it is extremely soluble in 376: 1516: 614:
results were interpreted in terms of an octahedral structure. In 1978, a study using photoelectron spectroscopy appeared to confirm the initial assignment of an
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Koutsospyros, A.; Braida, W.; Christodoulatos, C.; Dermatas D.; N. Strigul, N. (2006). "A review of tungsten: From environmental obscurity to scrutiny".
790:, yet new evidence and improved characterization methods suggested that perhaps there were exceptions to the rule, as evidenced by the case of W(CH 48: 1228:
Green, J. C.; Lloyd, D. R.; Galyer, L.; Mertis, K.; Wilkinson, G. (1978). "Photoelectron spectra of some transition metal alkyls and oxoalkyls".
762:. In 1995, before the work of Seppelt and Pfennig, Landis and coworkers had already predicted a distorted trigonal prismatic structure based on 1489: 1396: 1211: 1676: 1550: 1278:
Haalan, A.; Hammel, A.; Rydpal, K.; Volden, H. V. (1990). "The coordination geometry of gaseous hexamethyltungsten is not octahedral".
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in 50% yield as an extremely volatile white solid. Hexamethyltungsten(VI) reacts with trimethylphosphine in light petroleum to give WMe
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Morse, P. M.; Girolami, G. S. (1989). "Are d0 ML6 complexes always octahedral? The x-ray structure of trigonal-prismatic 2".
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methyl compound would prove to be more robust. In 1976, Wilkinson and Galyer disclosed an improved synthesis using
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Galyer, A. L.; Wilkinson, G. (1976). "New synthesis of hexamethyltungsten(VI). The octamethyltungstate-(VI) lon".
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Seppelt, K.; Pfennig, V. (1996). "Crystal and Molecular Structures of Hexamethyltungsten and Hexamethylrhenium".
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would also prove to be trigonal prismatic. This report prompted other investigations into the structure of W(CH
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Landis, C. K.; Cleveland, T.; Firman, T. K. (1995). "Making sense of the shapes of simple metal hydrides".
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Mertis, K.; Galyer, L.; Wilkinson, G. (1975). "Permethyls of tantalum, tungsten and rhenium: a warning".
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Stereo, skeletal formula of hexamethyltungsten with all implicit hydrogens shown, and assorted dimensions
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The octahedral assignment remained for nearly 20 years until 1989 when Girolami and Morse showed that
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Kleinhenz, S.; Pfennig, V.; Seppelt, K. (1998). "Preparation and Structures of , , , and ".
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Shortland, A. J.; Wilkinson, G. (1973). "Preparation and properties of hexamethyltungsten".
858: 473: 437: 289: 92: 798:. These discoveries helped to spawn re-evaluation of the theoretical considerations for ML 611: 168: 1383:
Kaupp, M. (1998). "The Nonoctahedral Structures of d0, d1, and d2 Hexamethyl Complexes".
226: 1318: 136: 727: 488:, instead of methyllithium. The stoichiometry of the improved synthesis is as follows: 485: 354: 1614: 2158: 2032: 978: 963: 886: 885:
to form tungsten metal is highly unlikely. The following equation is the approximate
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Other 6-coordinate complexes with distorted trigonal prismatic structures include ,
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trigonal prismatic geometry is unusual in that the vast majority of six-coordinate
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Matsumoto, S.; Ikeda, O.; Ohmi, K. (Canon K. K., Japan) (1991). "Eur. Pat. Appl".
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trigonal prism in which all six carbon atoms are equivalent is distorted to the C
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10.1002/(SICI)1521-3765(19980904)4:9<1678::AID-CHEM1678>3.0.CO;2-N
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10.1002/(SICI)1521-3765(19980904)4:9<1687::AID-CHEM1687>3.0.CO;2-R
989: 958:. Similarly, acids give methane and unidentified tungsten derivatives, while 314: 147: 468:. The synthesis was motivated in part by previous work which indicated that 425: 1466: 1369: 1158: 1551:
10.1002/(SICI)1099-0739(199803)12:3<155::AID-AOC688>3.0.CO;2-Z
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Landis, C. K.; Cleveland, T.; Firman, T. K. (1996). "Structure of W(CH
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Serious explosions have been reported as a result of working with W(CH
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A patent application was submitted in 1991 suggesting the use of W(CH
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
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be incorrect. Prior to 1989, there was no reason to suspect that ML
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and Shortland, who described its preparation by the reaction of
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Fluorine Chemistry at the Millennium: Fascinated by Fluorine
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Deviation from octahedral geometry can be ascribed to a
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compounds are thermally unstable, in the hopes that an
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Seppelt, Konrad (2003). "Nonoctahedral Structures".
2073: 2048: 1933: 1882: 1802: 1747: 1692: 1661: 690:is indeed trigonal prismatic structure with either 1035:, with U.V. irradiation gives the carbyne complex 736:As shown in the top figure at right, the ideal or 452:Hexamethyltungsten was first reported in 1973 by 192: 91: 1639: 1532:"Chemical vapor deposition of tungsten oxide" 8: 1515:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 873:. The black residue is purported to contain 722:had a strongly distorted trigonal prismatic 1015:diluted with Ne at −90 °C affords W(CF 877:and tungsten, but the decomposition of W(CH 2045: 1646: 1632: 1624: 225: 155: 52:Ball and stick model of hexamethyltungsten 26: 1558: 1480:Housecroft, C. E.; Sharpe, A. G. (2004). 1109: 1107: 1105: 524:Alternatively, the alkylation can employ 2136: 2132: 2128: 2124: 1223: 1221: 1101: 950:Like many organometallic complexes, WMe 634:was trigonal prismatic as indicated by 271: 246: 221: 1508: 1193: 1191: 733:, which they later confirmed in 1998. 330:Red crystalline solid / Vivid red gas 889:proposed by Wilkinson and Shortland: 253:Key: XWAZCLPCQDERBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 135: 7: 773:The history of the structure of W(CH 1603:Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 760:second-order Jahn-Teller distortion 682:, Volden et al. confirmed that W(CH 183: 25: 1539:Applied Organometallic Chemistry 638:. They predicted that other d ML 361: 307: 301: 1530:Kirss, R. U.; Meda, L. (1998). 1484:(2nd ed.). Prentice Hall. 966:and leave the tungsten halide. 357:(at 25 °C , 100 kPa). 1139:Journal of Hazardous Materials 1076:, even in the absence of air. 750:structure observed by Seppelt 422:transition metal alkyl complex 295: 1: 1615:10.1016/S0022-328X(00)89324-9 1459:10.1126/science.272.5259.182b 1385:Chemistry: A European Journal 1350:Accounts of Chemical Research 1151:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.11.007 853:Reactivity and potential uses 610:. In the initial report, the 608:octahedral molecular geometry 2050:Organotungsten(VI) compounds 1327:10.1126/science.271.5249.626 1230:J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1174:J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1116:J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 839:(d), and the aforementioned 786:compounds were anything but 1574:Banks, R. E. (2000-12-04). 710:symmetry. In 1996, Seppelt 575:trigonal prismatic geometry 33: 2191: 983:chemical vapor deposition 351: 334: 282: 262: 237: 75: 67: 62: 32: 2165:Organotungsten compounds 1086:Organometallic chemistry 829:symmetry) include (d), 604:organometallic compounds 250:InChI=1S/6CH3.W/h6*1H3; 977:in the manufacture of 53: 43: 1091:Tungsten hexachloride 1064:Safety considerations 994:tungsten hexafluoride 869:and trace amounts of 861:, hexamethyltungsten 724:coordination geometry 636:X-ray crystallography 462:tungsten hexachloride 430:aromatic hydrocarbons 51: 41: 1238:10.1039/DT9780001403 1182:10.1039/DT9760002235 1124:10.1039/DT9730000872 1031:), which in neat PMe 680:electron diffraction 484:in conjunction with 442:carbon tetrachloride 2074:Polytungstate salts 1482:Inorganic Chemistry 1424:10.1021/ja00111a036 1319:1996Sci...271..626P 1292:10.1021/ja00167a065 1265:10.1021/ja00193a061 764:valence bond theory 678:. Using gas-phase 573:adopts a distorted 347:Trigonal prismatic 322: g·mol 70:Tungsten hexamethyl 29: 28:Hexamethyltungsten 1655:Tungsten compounds 1000:are used instead. 714:reported that W(CH 561:Molecular geometry 482:trimethylaluminium 420:. Classified as a 396:Hexamethyltungsten 384:Infobox references 54: 44: 27: 2152: 2151: 2148: 2147: 1491:978-0-13-039913-7 1453:(5259): 182–183. 1362:10.1021/ar020052o 1286:(11): 4547–4549. 1003:Treatment of W(CH 731:X-ray diffraction 400:chemical compound 392:Chemical compound 390: 389: 206:CompTox Dashboard 117:Interactive image 58: 57: 16:(Redirected from 2182: 2175:Methyl complexes 2170:Gases with color 2140: 2046: 1648: 1641: 1634: 1625: 1619: 1618: 1598: 1592: 1591: 1571: 1565: 1564: 1562: 1536: 1527: 1521: 1520: 1514: 1506: 1502: 1496: 1495: 1477: 1471: 1470: 1434: 1428: 1427: 1418:(6): 1859–1860. 1412:J. Am. Chem. Soc 1407: 1401: 1400: 1380: 1374: 1373: 1345: 1339: 1338: 1302: 1296: 1295: 1280:J. Am. Chem. Soc 1275: 1269: 1268: 1253:J. Am. Chem. Soc 1248: 1242: 1241: 1225: 1216: 1215: 1195: 1186: 1185: 1169: 1163: 1162: 1134: 1128: 1127: 1111: 1059: 1058: 1057: 1049: 1048: 954:is destroyed by 945: 944: 943: 935: 934: 924: 923: 922: 912: 911: 910: 902: 901: 859:room temperature 848: 847: 846: 838: 837: 836: 824: 823: 822: 814: 813: 812: 661: 660: 659: 651: 650: 649: 642:species such as 633: 632: 631: 474:transition metal 438:carbon disulfide 416:also written WMe 374: 368: 365: 364: 321: 309: 303: 297: 290:Chemical formula 230: 229: 214: 212: 196: 185: 169:Gmelin Reference 159: 139: 119: 95: 34: 30: 21: 2190: 2189: 2185: 2184: 2183: 2181: 2180: 2179: 2155: 2154: 2153: 2144: 2138: 2134: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2116: 2112: 2108: 2104: 2100: 2092: 2088: 2084: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2028: 2020: 2012: 2004: 1996: 1988: 1980: 1972: 1964: 1956: 1948: 1944: 1929: 1925: 1917: 1913: 1905: 1897: 1893: 1878: 1874: 1866: 1858: 1850: 1842: 1834: 1826: 1818: 1798: 1794: 1786: 1778: 1770: 1762: 1758: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1727: 1719: 1711: 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101: 94: 90: 89: 87: 84: 80: 79: 74: 66: 61: 50: 46: 40: 36: 35: 31: 19: 2057: 1934:Tungsten(VI) 1803:Tungsten(IV) 1788: 1693:Tungsten(II) 1606: 1602: 1596: 1580:. Elsevier. 1576: 1569: 1542: 1538: 1525: 1500: 1481: 1475: 1450: 1446: 1432: 1415: 1411: 1405: 1388: 1384: 1378: 1353: 1349: 1343: 1310: 1306: 1300: 1283: 1279: 1273: 1259:(11): 4114. 1256: 1252: 1246: 1232:(10): 1403. 1229: 1203: 1200:Chem. Eur. J 1199: 1176:(21): 2235. 1173: 1167: 1142: 1138: 1132: 1115: 1067: 1039:-WMe(:::CMe) 1036: 1002: 981:devices for 968: 949: 865:, releasing 856: 804: 802:geometries. 772: 757: 751: 742: 737: 735: 711: 706: 701: 696: 691: 623: 615: 595: 583: 578: 564: 526:dimethylzinc 523: 451: 395: 394: 76:Identifiers 68:Other names 1883:Tungsten(V) 1662:Tungsten(0) 1206:(9): 1687. 1145:(1): 1–19. 621:structure. 556:(X = F, Cl) 470:tetrahedral 327:Appearance 283:Properties 137:CHEBI:30522 2159:Categories 1609:(3): C65. 1097:References 990:thin films 863:decomposes 788:octahedral 662:, and W(CH 590:for the WC 512:+ 6 Al(CH 478:octahedral 335:Structure 315:Molar mass 148:ChemSpider 104:3D model ( 93:36133-73-0 83:CAS Number 1511:cite news 962:give the 726:based on 536:+ 3 Zn(CH 496:+ 6 Al(CH 454:Wilkinson 448:Synthesis 426:petroleum 1467:17791392 1370:12589700 1335:97242475 1159:16343746 1080:See also 998:hydrogen 987:tungsten 960:halogens 588:symmetry 552:+ 3 ZnX 157:11659456 1447:Science 1315:Bibcode 1307:Science 867:methane 768:VALBOND 544:→ W(CH 504:→ W(CH 472:methyl 398:is the 377:what is 375: ( 181:PubChem 174:505585 2127:[H 1584:  1488:  1465:  1368:  1333:  1157:  1011:with F 956:oxygen 871:ethane 815:, and 752:et al. 712:et al. 606:adopt 440:, and 434:ethers 372:verify 369:  320:274.05 267:SMILES 194:142049 63:Names 18:C6H18W 1736:(hpp) 1724:W(OH) 1677:W(PMe 1669:W(CO) 1535:(PDF) 1331:S2CID 1037:trans 849:(d). 577:with 460:with 242:InChI 128:ChEBI 106:JSmol 2058:W(CH 2017:WOCl 2009:WOBr 1922:LiWF 1582:ISBN 1517:link 1486:ISBN 1463:PMID 1366:PMID 1155:PMID 1041:(PMe 1027:(PMe 996:and 913:→ 3 894:W(CH 766:and 565:W(CH 2097:(NH 2025:WOF 2001:WAs 1961:WCl 1953:WBr 1902:WBr 1863:WBr 1855:WCl 1839:WTe 1831:WSe 1791:Bu) 1767:WCl 1708:WCl 1700:WSi 1611:doi 1555:hdl 1547:doi 1455:doi 1451:272 1445:". 1420:doi 1416:117 1393:doi 1358:doi 1323:doi 1311:271 1288:doi 1284:112 1261:doi 1257:111 1234:doi 1208:doi 1178:doi 1147:doi 1143:136 1120:doi 985:of 946:+ W 927:(CH 857:At 700:or 492:WCl 464:in 211:EPA 184:CID 2161:: 2137:40 2133:12 2123:Na 2115:42 2111:12 2105:(H 2103:10 2091:40 2087:12 2085:PW 2037:WO 1993:WS 1985:WO 1977:WN 1969:WF 1945:Cl 1941:WO 1916:10 1914:Cl 1871:WI 1847:WF 1823:WS 1815:WO 1810:WC 1787:(O 1775:WI 1716:WI 1607:97 1605:. 1553:. 1543:12 1541:. 1537:. 1513:}} 1509:{{ 1461:. 1449:. 1414:. 1387:. 1364:. 1354:36 1352:. 1329:. 1321:. 1309:. 1282:. 1255:. 1220:^ 1202:. 1190:^ 1153:. 1141:. 1104:^ 925:+ 915:CH 827:3h 748:3v 652:, 532:WX 528:: 520:Cl 444:. 436:, 432:, 428:, 407:CH 305:18 2139:] 2135:O 2131:W 2129:2 2125:6 2117:) 2113:O 2109:W 2107:2 2101:) 2099:4 2089:O 2083:3 2081:H 2064:6 2062:) 2060:3 2039:4 2035:2 2033:H 2027:4 2019:4 2011:4 2003:2 1995:3 1987:3 1979:2 1971:6 1963:6 1955:6 1947:2 1943:2 1924:6 1912:2 1910:W 1904:5 1896:5 1894:O 1892:2 1890:W 1873:4 1865:4 1857:4 1849:4 1841:2 1833:2 1825:2 1817:2 1793:6 1789:t 1785:2 1783:W 1777:3 1769:3 1761:3 1759:O 1757:2 1755:W 1738:4 1734:2 1732:W 1726:2 1718:2 1710:2 1702:2 1683:6 1681:) 1679:3 1671:6 1647:e 1640:t 1633:v 1617:. 1613:: 1590:. 1563:. 1557:: 1549:: 1519:) 1494:. 1469:. 1457:: 1443:6 1441:) 1439:3 1426:. 1422:: 1399:. 1395:: 1389:4 1372:. 1360:: 1337:. 1325:: 1317:: 1294:. 1290:: 1267:. 1263:: 1240:. 1236:: 1214:. 1210:: 1204:4 1184:. 1180:: 1161:. 1149:: 1126:. 1122:: 1074:6 1072:) 1070:3 1055:4 1050:) 1046:3 1033:3 1029:3 1025:6 1021:6 1019:) 1017:3 1013:2 1009:6 1007:) 1005:3 975:6 973:) 971:3 952:6 941:2 936:) 932:3 920:4 908:6 903:) 899:3 883:6 881:) 879:3 800:6 796:6 794:) 792:3 784:6 779:6 777:) 775:3 743:h 741:3 738:D 720:6 718:) 716:3 707:v 705:3 702:C 697:h 695:3 692:D 688:6 686:) 684:3 676:6 674:) 672:3 668:6 666:) 664:3 640:6 618:h 616:O 599:3 596:C 592:6 584:v 582:3 579:C 571:6 569:) 567:3 554:2 550:6 548:) 546:3 542:2 540:) 538:3 534:6 518:2 516:) 514:3 510:6 508:) 506:3 502:3 500:) 498:3 494:6 418:6 414:6 412:) 409:3 405:( 403:W 367:N 308:W 302:H 299:6 296:C 213:) 209:( 108:) 20:)

Index

C6H18W
Stereo, skeletal formula of hexamethyltungsten with all implicit hydrogens shown, and assorted dimensions
Ball and stick model of hexamethyltungsten
CAS Number
36133-73-0
JSmol
Interactive image
ChEBI
CHEBI:30522
ChemSpider
11659456
Gmelin Reference
PubChem
142049
CompTox Dashboard
DTXSID601027134
Edit this at Wikidata
InChI
SMILES
Chemical formula
Molar mass
Molecular shape
standard state
verify
what is
Infobox references
chemical compound
W
CH3
transition metal alkyl complex

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