Knowledge (XXG)

Transition metal alkyl complexes

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Walther, Dirk; Stollenz, Michael; Görls, Helmar (2001). "Dinuclear [RNi(oxam)NiR] Complexes (Oxam = N1,N2-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)-N3,N4-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)oxalamidinate; R = Me, Ph, C⋼CH, C⋼CPH): Reactions of the Methyl Complex and Formation of [Li(THF)]2Li2Ni2Me8 and
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Hay-Motherwell, Robyn S.; Wilkinson, Geoffrey; Hussain, Bilquis; Hursthouse, Michael B. (1989). "Homoleptic methyl compounds of rhodium and iridium(III). X-Ray crystal structures of tetramethylethylenediamine lithium hexamethyl-rhodate(III) and -iridate(III)".
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Morris, Robert J.; Girolami, Gregory S. (1988). "Permethylmanganates. Synthesis and characterization of divalent [MnMe42-], trivalent [MnMe52-], and tetravalent [MnMe62-]".
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One determinant of the kinetic stability of metal-alkyl complexes is the presence of hydrogen at the position beta to the metal. If such hydrogens are present and if the metal center is
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between a C-H bond on the alkyl group and the metal. Such interactions are especially common for complexes of early transition metals in their highest oxidation states.
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Morse, Paige M.; Girolami, Gregory S. (1989). "Are d0 ML6 complexes always octahedral? The x-ray structure of trigonal-prismatic [Li(tmed)]2[ZrMe6]".
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Metal alkyl complexes are prepared generally by two pathways, use of alkyl nucleophiles and use of alkyl electrophiles. Nucleophilic sources of alkyl ligands include
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Morris, Robert J.; Girolami, Gregory S. (1991). "High-valent organomanganese chemistry. 1. Synthesis and characterization of manganese(III) and -(IV) alkyls".
1771: 1842: 1566: 349:. Since many strong nucleophiles are also potent reductants, mildly nucleophilic alkylating agents are sometimes employed to avoid redox reactions. 619: 1707: 1515: 1386: 559: 531: 365: 979: 684: 1821: 1672: 1593: 1540: 1182: 599: 1558: 1510: 1833: 1788: 1744: 1728: 1530: 1497: 1487: 1374: 817:"Isolation and Characterization of a Tetramethyliron(III) Ferrate: An Intermediate in the Reduction Pathway of Ferric Salts with MeMg 1910: 1874: 1783: 1640: 1439: 998:"X-ray Crystal Structures and the Facile Oxidative (Au−C) Cleavage of the Dimethylaurate(I) and Tetramethylaurate(III) Homologues" 1736: 1699: 1694: 1660: 1502: 1451: 1416: 1399: 1391: 1327: 1905: 1545: 1318: 1306: 1277: 1272: 1175: 1621: 1525: 1479: 1362: 1282: 1236: 997: 1294: 1136:
Forbes, Jeffrey G.; Gellman, Andrew J. (1993-07-01). "The .beta.-hydride elimination mechanism in adsorbed alkyl groups".
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complexes. Indeed, the first reported example of a complex containing a metal-sp carbon bond was the homoleptic complex
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John Bacsa; Felix Hanke; Sarah Hindley; Rajesh Odedra; George R. Darling; Anthony C. Jones; Alexander Steiner (2011).
1056:"Evidence for Carbon–Hydrogen–Titanium Interactions: Synthesis and Crystal Structures of the Agostic alkyls [TiCl 74:
Structure of diethylzinc. The Zn-C bonds measure 194.8(5) pm, while the C-Zn-C angle is slightly bent with 176.2(4)°.
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Most metal alkyl complexes contain other, non-alkyl ligands. Great interest, mainly theoretical, has focused on the
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King, B. (1970). "Applications of Metal Carbonyl Anions in the Synthesis of Unusual Organometallic Compounds".
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Electrophilic alkylation commonly starts with low valence metal complexes. Typical electrophilic reagents are
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Z. Dawoodi; M. L. H. Green; V. S. B. Mtetwa; K. Prout; A. J. Schultz; J. M. Williams; T. F. Koetzle (1986).
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Kleinhenz, Sven; Seppelt, Konrad (1999). "Preparation and Structures of Methyltitanium Compounds".
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Al-Afyouni, Malik H.; Fillman, Kathlyn L.; Brennessel, William W.; Neidig, Michael L. (2014).
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Kleinhenz, S.; Pfennig, V.; Seppelt, K. (1998). "Preparation and Structures of , , , and ".
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Wyrwa, R.; Görls, H. (1999). "Ungewöhnliche MolekĂŒlstrukturen fĂŒr Platin(II)-at-Komplexe".
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Scherer, W.; McGrady, G. S. (2004). "Agostic Interactions in d Metal Alkyl Complexes".
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These conversions are assumed to proceed via the intermediacy of agostic interactions.
45:. Such complexes are not only pervasive but are of practical and theoretical interest. 1899: 1339: 1244: 895: 490: 413: 730:
Beatrice Roessler; Sven Kleinhenza; Konrad Seppelt (2000). "Pentamethylmolybdenum".
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Mixed ligand, or heteroleptic, complexes containing alkyls are numerous. In nature,
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is an example of a "homoleptic" (all ligands being the same) metal alkyl complex.
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10.1002/(SICI)1521-3749(199911)625:11<1904::AID-ZAAC1904>3.0.CO;2-2
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10.1002/(SICI)1521-3765(19991203)5:12<3573::AID-CHEM3573>3.3.CO;2-F
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10.1002/(SICI)1521-3765(19980904)4:9<1687::AID-CHEM1687>3.0.CO;2-R
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Carpenter, Stephanie H.; Brennessel, William W.; Neidig, Michael L. (2019).
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operate via the intermediacy of metal alkyls. These reactions include
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Organotransition Metal Chemistry, from Bonding to Catalysis
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and its many derivatives contain reactive Co-alkyl bonds.
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Zhu, Dunming; Lindeman, Sergey V.; Kochi, Jay K. (1999).
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Vitamin B12 is a naturally occurring metal-alkyl complex.
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Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications
1854: 1764: 1605: 1578: 1464: 1432: 1260: 1229: 1205: 968:Zeitschrift fĂŒr Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie 522:Oliveira, JosĂ©; Elschenbroich, Christoph (2006). 448:Agostic interactions and beta-hydride elimination 65:, tetramethyltitanium, and tetranorbornylcobalt. 443:between the methyl group and the Ti(IV) center. 1183: 8: 666: 664: 662: 660: 1190: 1176: 1168: 505:reactions also involve metal-alkyl bonds. 885: 844: 640: 581: 579: 577: 575: 573: 571: 545: 543: 1138:Journal of the American Chemical Society 825:Journal of the American Chemical Society 755:Journal of the American Chemical Society 705:Journal of the American Chemical Society 501:. It is assumed that the corresponding 101: 69: 18: 620:Angewandte Chemie International Edition 514: 554:. New York: University Science Books. 366:cyclopentadienyliron dicarbonyl anion 7: 392:Many metal alkyls are prepared by 14: 423:Structure of the alkyl complex (C 126:only observed as monoetherate, d 103:Homoleptic metal alkyl complexes 467:to form a metal-alkene complex: 408:An example is the reaction of a 400: 140:one bridging methyl ligand, d,d 28:Transition metal alkyl complexes 463:, then the complex can undergo 673:Chemistry - A European Journal 588:Chemistry – A European Journal 34:that contain a bond between a 1: 887:10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00387 1080:J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 497:, alkene isomerization, and 939:[Li(THF)]4Ni2Me8". 230:low-spin, d, square planar 1927: 461:coordinatively unsaturated 452:Some metal alkyls feature 357:are such milder reagents. 61:. Other examples include 355:organoaluminium compounds 1911:Organometallic chemistry 465:beta-hydride elimination 133:trigonal bipyramidal, d 1076:)R] (R = Et or Me)" 732:Chemical Communications 550:Hartwig, J. F. (2010). 347:organolithium compounds 1906:Coordination chemistry 1199:Coordination complexes 1115:10.1002/anie.200200548 633:10.1002/anie.201105099 474: 444: 200:trigonal prismatic, d 154:trigonal prismatic, d 147:trigonal prismatic, d 97: 75: 32:coordination complexes 24: 499:olefin polymerization 487:homogeneous catalysts 473: 422: 92: 73: 22: 1103:Angew. Chem. Int. Ed 1088:10.1039/dt9860001629 925:10.1039/C39890001436 454:agostic interactions 351:Organozinc compounds 16:Coordination complex 1150:10.1021/ja00067a048 1041:10.1021/ar50036a004 831:(44): 15457–15460. 802:10.1021/om00049a047 767:10.1021/ja00226a049 717:10.1021/ja00193a061 627:(49): 11685–11687. 441:agostic interaction 439:), highlighting an 104: 475: 445: 394:oxidative addition 102: 98: 94:Hexamethyltungsten 76: 63:hexamethyltungsten 25: 1893: 1892: 1144:(14): 6277–6283. 1109:(14): 1782–1806. 1014:10.1021/om990043s 1008:(11): 2241–2248. 974:(11): 1904–1907. 953:10.1021/om000960u 947:(20): 4221–4229. 880:(19): 3486–3489. 837:10.1021/ja5080757 761:(18): 6245–6246. 734:(12): 1039–1040. 711:(11): 4114–4116. 679:(12): 3573–3580. 561:978-1-891389-53-5 533:978-3-527-29390-2 343:Grignard reagents 334: 333: 237:square planar, d 1918: 1192: 1185: 1178: 1169: 1162: 1161: 1133: 1127: 1126: 1098: 1092: 1091: 1051: 1045: 1044: 1024: 1018: 1017: 993: 984: 983: 963: 957: 956: 935: 929: 928: 911: 900: 899: 889: 865: 859: 858: 848: 812: 806: 805: 785: 779: 778: 750: 744: 743: 740:10.1039/b000987n 727: 721: 720: 700: 689: 688: 668: 655: 654: 644: 610: 604: 603: 594:(9): 1687–1691. 583: 566: 565: 547: 538: 537: 519: 495:hydroformylation 404: 105: 36:transition metal 1926: 1925: 1921: 1920: 1919: 1917: 1916: 1915: 1896: 1895: 1894: 1889: 1870: 1850: 1837: 1829: 1825: 1817: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1792: 1779: 1775: 1760: 1756: 1748: 1740: 1732: 1723: 1719: 1711: 1703: 1689: 1676: 1668: 1664: 1656: 1652: 1644: 1625: 1616: 1601: 1597: 1589: 1574: 1562: 1553: 1549: 1506: 1483: 1475: 1460: 1455: 1447: 1443: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1412: 1408: 1395: 1382: 1378: 1370: 1366: 1353: 1335: 1331: 1322: 1314: 1310: 1302: 1298: 1290: 1286: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1240: 1225: 1221: 1201: 1196: 1166: 1165: 1135: 1134: 1130: 1100: 1099: 1095: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1053: 1052: 1048: 1035:(12): 417–427. 1026: 1025: 1021: 1002:Organometallics 995: 994: 987: 965: 964: 960: 941:Organometallics 937: 936: 932: 913: 912: 903: 874:Organometallics 867: 866: 862: 814: 813: 809: 790:Organometallics 787: 786: 782: 752: 751: 747: 729: 728: 724: 702: 701: 692: 670: 669: 658: 612: 611: 607: 585: 584: 569: 562: 549: 548: 541: 534: 524:Organometallics 521: 520: 516: 511: 483: 450: 434: 430: 426: 410:Vaska's complex 387: 383: 379: 375: 339: 326: 322: 309: 305: 292: 288: 196: 192: 180: 176: 123: 119: 51: 17: 12: 11: 5: 1924: 1922: 1914: 1913: 1908: 1898: 1897: 1891: 1890: 1888: 1887: 1882: 1877: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1858: 1856: 1855:Halide donors: 1852: 1851: 1849: 1848: 1840: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1790: 1786: 1781: 1777: 1773: 1768: 1766: 1762: 1761: 1759: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1726: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1697: 1692: 1687: 1683: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1633: 1628: 1623: 1619: 1614: 1609: 1607: 1603: 1602: 1600: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1582: 1580: 1576: 1575: 1573: 1572: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1551: 1547: 1543: 1538: 1533: 1528: 1523: 1518: 1513: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1495: 1490: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1468: 1466: 1462: 1461: 1459: 1458: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1436: 1434: 1430: 1429: 1427: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1342: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1275: 1270: 1264: 1262: 1258: 1257: 1255: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1233: 1231: 1227: 1226: 1224: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1209: 1207: 1203: 1202: 1197: 1195: 1194: 1187: 1180: 1172: 1164: 1163: 1128: 1093: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1046: 1029:Acc. Chem. Res 1019: 985: 958: 930: 901: 860: 807: 796:(3): 792–799. 780: 745: 722: 690: 656: 605: 567: 560: 539: 532: 513: 512: 510: 507: 482: 479: 449: 446: 432: 428: 424: 406: 405: 390: 389: 385: 381: 377: 373: 338: 335: 332: 331: 328: 324: 320: 315: 314: 311: 307: 303: 298: 297: 294: 290: 286: 281: 280: 277: 274: 273: 270: 267: 266: 263: 260: 259: 256: 253: 252: 249: 246: 245: 242: 239: 238: 235: 232: 231: 228: 225: 224: 221: 218: 217: 214: 210: 209: 206: 202: 201: 198: 194: 190: 185: 184: 181: 178: 174: 170: 169: 166: 163: 162: 159: 156: 155: 152: 149: 148: 145: 142: 141: 138: 135: 134: 131: 128: 127: 124: 121: 117: 113: 112: 109: 100: 99: 78: 77: 50: 47: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1923: 1912: 1909: 1907: 1904: 1903: 1901: 1886: 1883: 1881: 1878: 1876: 1873: 1871: 1865: 1863: 1860: 1859: 1857: 1853: 1847: 1846: 1841: 1839: 1832: 1830: 1820: 1818: 1812: 1810: 1796: 1794: 1787: 1785: 1782: 1780: 1770: 1769: 1767: 1763: 1757: 1751: 1749: 1743: 1741: 1735: 1733: 1727: 1725: 1714: 1712: 1706: 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248: 247: 243: 241: 240: 236: 234: 233: 229: 227: 226: 222: 220: 219: 215: 212: 211: 207: 204: 203: 199: 197: 187: 186: 182: 172: 171: 167: 165: 164: 160: 158: 157: 153: 151: 150: 146: 144: 143: 139: 137: 136: 132: 130: 129: 125: 115: 114: 110: 107: 106: 95: 91: 87: 86: 85: 83: 72: 68: 67: 66: 64: 60: 56: 48: 46: 44: 41: 37: 33: 29: 21: 1844: 1567: 1267: 1141: 1137: 1131: 1106: 1102: 1096: 1079: 1049: 1032: 1028: 1022: 1005: 1001: 971: 967: 961: 944: 940: 933: 919:(19): 1436. 916: 877: 873: 863: 828: 824: 818: 810: 793: 789: 783: 758: 754: 748: 731: 725: 708: 704: 676: 672: 624: 618: 608: 591: 587: 551: 523: 517: 484: 476: 458: 451: 407: 391: 380:I → CpFe(CO) 359: 340: 79: 52: 27: 26: 1082:(8): 1629. 337:Preparation 82:vitamin B12 59:diethylzinc 1900:Categories 1516:amino acid 1433:Si donors: 509:References 55:homoleptic 1765:S donors: 1606:O donors: 1579:P donors: 1541:porphyrin 1488:imidazole 1465:N donors: 1261:C donors: 1230:B donors: 1206:H donors: 1158:0002-7863 896:203144530 481:Catalysis 1123:15054779 855:25333789 775:22148809 651:21919175 372:CpFe(CO) 111:comment 1379:& C 846:4227835 642:3326375 376:Na + CH 108:example 38:and an 1287:CH-CH 1156:  1121:  894:  853:  843:  773:  649:  639:  558:  530:  43:ligand 1278:HC(O) 1273:RC(O) 892:S2CID 485:Many 431:)TiCl 412:with 388:+ NaI 319:Hg(CH 302:Cd(CH 285:Zn(CH 173:Mo(CH 116:Ti(CH 49:Scope 40:alkyl 1681:acac 1653:/HCO 1536:bipy 1295:C(CH 1154:ISSN 1119:PMID 851:PMID 771:PMID 647:PMID 556:ISBN 528:ISBN 437:dmpe 396:: 353:and 345:and 189:W(CH 30:are 1776:NCS 1753:OPR 1729:OSR 1708:ClO 1695:ONO 1673:RCO 1550:Si) 1546:(Me 1531:RCN 1498:RNO 1446:4−n 1444:SiR 1400:≡CR 1392:=CR 1387:RNC 1311:CH 1146:doi 1142:115 1111:doi 1084:doi 1072:PMe 1064:PCH 1060:(Me 1037:doi 1010:doi 976:doi 972:625 949:doi 921:doi 882:doi 841:PMC 833:doi 829:136 798:doi 763:doi 759:110 736:doi 713:doi 709:111 681:doi 637:PMC 629:doi 596:doi 1902:: 1880:Br 1875:Cl 1843:NC 1834:SR 1814:SO 1784:RS 1745:PO 1737:SO 1724:NO 1700:NO 1690:CO 1649:CO 1631:RO 1594:PR 1586:PR 1570:CS 1526:RN 1511:py 1503:NO 1493:NO 1472:NH 1456:Si 1381:70 1377:60 1350:CO 1345:CO 1340:CN 1319:RC 1307:CH 1283:CH 1237:BR 1152:. 1140:. 1117:. 1107:43 1105:. 1078:. 1068:CH 1031:. 1006:18 1004:. 1000:. 988:^ 970:. 945:20 943:. 904:^ 890:. 878:38 876:. 872:. 849:. 839:. 827:. 823:. 819:Br 794:10 792:. 769:. 757:. 707:. 693:^ 675:. 659:^ 645:. 635:. 625:50 623:. 617:. 590:. 570:^ 542:^ 493:, 416:. 384:CH 368:: 330:d 313:d 296:d 279:d 272:d 265:d 258:d 251:d 244:d 223:d 216:d 213:2- 208:d 205:2- 183:d 168:d 161:d 1885:I 1869:2 1867:F 1862:F 1845:S 1838:O 1836:2 1828:3 1826:O 1824:2 1822:S 1816:2 1808:2 1806:S 1804:2 1802:C 1800:2 1798:R 1793:S 1791:2 1789:R 1778:2 1774:2 1772:R 1755:3 1747:4 1739:4 1731:2 1722:5 1720:H 1718:5 1716:C 1710:4 1702:3 1688:2 1686:R 1675:2 1667:4 1665:O 1663:2 1661:C 1655:3 1651:3 1643:2 1641:O 1636:O 1626:O 1624:2 1622:R 1617:O 1615:2 1613:H 1596:2 1588:3 1568:N 1561:2 1559:N 1554:N 1552:2 1548:3 1521:N 1505:2 1482:3 1480:N 1474:3 1454:3 1452:R 1442:n 1440:H 1423:7 1421:H 1419:9 1417:C 1411:5 1409:H 1407:5 1405:C 1394:2 1375:C 1369:6 1367:R 1365:6 1363:C 1358:C 1352:2 1334:4 1332:H 1330:6 1328:C 1323:R 1321:2 1313:2 1309:2 1301:3 1299:) 1297:2 1289:2 1285:2 1268:R 1251:n 1249:H 1247:m 1245:B 1239:2 1220:2 1218:H 1213:H 1191:e 1184:t 1177:v 1160:. 1148:: 1125:. 1113:: 1090:. 1086:: 1074:2 1070:2 1066:2 1062:2 1058:3 1043:. 1039:: 1033:3 1016:. 1012:: 982:. 978:: 955:. 951:: 927:. 923:: 898:. 884:: 857:. 835:: 821:" 804:. 800:: 777:. 765:: 742:. 738:: 719:. 715:: 687:. 683:: 677:5 653:. 631:: 602:. 598:: 592:4 564:. 536:. 435:( 433:3 429:5 427:H 425:2 386:3 382:2 378:3 374:2 325:2 323:) 321:3 308:2 306:) 304:3 291:2 289:) 287:3 195:6 193:) 191:3 179:5 177:) 175:3 122:4 120:) 118:3

Index


coordination complexes
transition metal
alkyl
ligand
homoleptic
diethylzinc
hexamethyltungsten

vitamin B12

Hexamethyltungsten
W(CH3)6
Zn(CH3)2
Cd(CH3)2
Hg(CH3)2
Grignard reagents
organolithium compounds
Organozinc compounds
organoaluminium compounds
alkyl halides
cyclopentadienyliron dicarbonyl anion
oxidative addition

Vaska's complex
methyl iodide

dmpe
agostic interaction
agostic interactions

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