394:. The American presence created cross-cultural demand, with American servicemen and the locals developing tastes for each other's products. In particular, American military personnel took to Caribbean rum due to its inexpensiveness, while Coca-Cola became especially prevalent in the islands thanks to the company shipping it out with the military. Within the United States, imported rum became increasingly popular, as government quotas for industrial alcohol reduced the output of American distillers of domestic liquors.
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587:, a name also used informally in Spain for any Cuba libre. Some modern recipes inspired by older ones include additional ingredients such as bitters. More elaborate variants with further ingredients include the cinema highball, which uses rum infused with buttered popcorn and mixed with cola. Another is the Mandeville cocktail, which includes light and dark rum, cola, and citrus juice along with
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290:. It subsequently became popular across Cuba, the United States, and other countries. Its simple recipe and inexpensive, ubiquitous ingredients have made it one of the world's most-popular alcoholic drinks. Drink critics often consider the drink mediocre, but it has been noted for its historical significance.
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of 1898; the drink's traditional name, "Cuba libre" (Free Cuba), was the slogan of the Cuban independence movement. The Cuba libre is sometimes said to have been created during the
Spanish–American War. However, this predates the first distribution of Coca-Cola to Cuba in 1900. A drink called a "Cuba
484:
considers the Cuba libre a historically important drink, writing that it is "a potent symbol of a changing world order – the marriage of rum, lubricant of the old colonial empires, and Coca-Cola, icon of modern
American global capitalism". Additionally, both rum and Coca-Cola are made from Caribbean
441:
which prohibited the importation of Cuban products, while Cuba likewise banned the importation of
American products. With Cuban-made rum unavailable in the U.S. and Coca-Cola largely unavailable in Cuba, it became difficult to make a rum and Coke with its traditional ingredients in either country.
458:
The rum and Coke is very popular; Bacardi says that it is the world's second-most-popular alcoholic drink. Its popularity derives from the ubiquity and low cost of the main ingredients, and the fact that it is very easy to make. As it can be made with any quantity or style of rum, it is simple to
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The drink became a staple in Cuba, catching on due to the pervasiveness of its ingredients. Havana was already known for its iced drinks in the 19th century, as it was one of the few warm-weather cities that had abundant stores of ice shipped down from colder regions. Bacardi and other Cuban rums
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Lime is traditionally included in the drink, though it is often left out, especially when the order is for just "rum and Coke". Some early recipes called for lime juice to be mixed in; others included lime only as a garnish. Other early recipes called for additional ingredients such as
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Coca-Cola is the conventional cola in the drink, to the point that customers rarely order anything else. This dates back to the origin of the drink in Cuba and was solidified in the 1920s when Coca-Cola emerged as the primary cola brand following the bankruptcy of
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also boomed after independence brought in large numbers of foreign tourists and investors, as well as new opportunities for exporting alcohol. Light rums such as
Bacardi became favored for cocktails as they were considered to mix well. Coca-Cola had been a common
333:. One day at a local bar, Rodriguez's employer ordered Bacardi rum mixed with Coca-Cola. This intrigued a nearby group of American soldiers, who ordered a round for themselves, giving birth to a popular new drink. Bacardi published Rodriguez's affidavit in a
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as his own work. The
Andrews Sisters' version was a major hit in 1945 and further boosted the popularity of rum and Coke, especially in the military. Lord Invader and the owners of Belasco's composition successfully sued Amsterdam for the song's rights.
529:, and therefore the preferred cola mixer in alcoholic drinks. Pepsi's later attempts to enter the cocktail market were unsuccessful, especially after the song "Rum and Coca-Cola" solidified the association in the public imagination.
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magazine ad in 1966. However, Rodriguez's status as a
Bacardi executive has led some commentators to doubt the veracity of his story. Another story states that the drink was first created in 1902 at Havana's
576:. Some sources consider lime essential for a drink to be a true Cuba libre, which they distinguish from a mere rum and Coke. However, lime is frequently included even in orders for "rum and Coke".
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ingredients and became global commodities through
European and American commerce. According to Coulombe, the drink "seems to reflect perfectly the historical elements of the modern world".
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of light rum, 12 cl of cola, and 1 cl of fresh lime juice on ice. However, any amount and proportion of rum and cola may be used. Additionally, while light rum is traditional,
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924:
417:'s 1904 composition "L'Année Passée" with new lyrics about American soldiers in Trinidad cavorting with local girls and drinking rum and Coke. Comedian
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in the United States ever since it was first bottled in 1886, and it became a ubiquitous drink in many countries after it was first exported in 1900.
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Rum and Coke quickly spread from Cuba to the United States. In the early 20th century the cocktail, like Coca-Cola itself, was most popular in the
875:
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to that effect in 1965. According to
Rodriguez, this took place in August 1900, when he was a 14-year-old messenger working for a member of the
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Drink critics often have a low opinion of the cocktail. Writer Wayne Curtis called it "a drink of inspired blandness", while Jason Wilson of
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379:. After Prohibition, rum and Coke became prevalent in the northern and western U.S. as well, and in both high-brow and low-brow circles.
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from 1922 to 1933, Coca-Cola became a favored mixer for disguising the taste of low-quality rums, as well as other liquors. In 1921
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was first imported into Cuba from the United States. Its origin is associated with the heavy U.S. presence in Cuba following the
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Recipes vary somewhat in measures and additional ingredients, but the main ingredients are always rum and cola. The
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in the early 1900s, but its exact origins are not certain. It became popular shortly after 1900, when bottled
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Nonetheless, different colas are sometimes used. In Cuba, as Coca-Cola has not been imported since the
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The cocktail originated in the early 20th century in Cuba, after the country won independence in the
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advertising executive, claimed to have been present when the drink was first poured, and produced a
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Build all ingredients in a highball glass filled with ice. Garnish with lime wedge.
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libre" was indeed known in 1898, but this was a mix of water and brown sugar.
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variant called the "jump stiddy", which consisted of Coca-Cola mixed with
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1147:
Betancourt, Marian (2007). "Cuba Libre". In Smith, Andrew F. (ed.).
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And a Bottle of Rum: A History of the New World in Ten
Cocktails
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478:", which "became a classic despite not being especially good".
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restaurant to celebrate the anniversary of Cuban independence.
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Bacardi and the Long Fight for Cuba: The
Biography of a Cause
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Rum: The Epic Story of the Drink that Conquered the World
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Brown, Jared McDaniel; Miller, Anistatia Renard (2009).
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is used in Cuba libres. Other common variants call for
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plagiarized "Rum and Coca-Cola" and licensed it to the
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Rum and Coke achieved a new level of popularity during
1011:"Rum & Pepsi? How Coca-Cola Won the Cocktail Wars"
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called it "a lazy person's drink". Troy Patterson of
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juice on ice. Traditionally, the cola ingredient is
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844:"How To Make a Cuba Libre (That Is, Rum and Coke)"
30:"Cuba libre" redirects here. For other uses, see
1149:The Oxford Companion to American Food and Drink
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583:rum is used, the drink is sometimes called a
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987:. International Bartenders Association. 2017
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1042:"History Lesson: The Cuba Libre Cocktail"
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1281:Encyclopedia of American Food and Drink
1278:Mariani, John F. (2015). "Cuba Libre".
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517:and other varieties are also common.
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1349:International Bartenders Association
1196:. New York, NY: Three Rivers Press.
556:(the Cuba Lite or rum and Diet) and
507:International Bartenders Association
454:A Cuba libre with Coca-Cola and lime
171:International Bartenders Association
876:"Spirits: Long live the Cuba Libre"
842:Wondrich, David (3 February 2013).
560:(the Captain and Pepper, featuring
923:Patterson, Troy (30 August 2013).
544:(which uses cane sugar instead of
25:
1239:Classic Cocktails: A Modern Shake
1097:Diccionario de la lengua española
1040:Clarke, Paul (26 November 2016).
1009:Ross, Winston (11 January 2018).
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1893:
1867:
1856:List of cocktails (alphabetical)
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413:. The song was an adaptation of
187:
56:
873:Wilson, Jason (26 April 2011).
459:prepare and difficult to ruin.
252:; literally "Free Cuba"), is a
1359:List of IBA official cocktails
1260:Havana: A Subtropical Delirium
275:("Coke") and the alcohol is a
1:
1263:. Bloomsbury Publishing USA.
32:Rum and Coke (disambiguation)
1151:. Oxford University Press.
150:10 ml Fresh lime juice
36:Cuba libre (disambiguation)
1979:
1963:Three-ingredient cocktails
29:
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1284:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
433:in 1959, Bacardi fled to
298:The drink was created in
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1953:Cocktails with light rum
1257:Kurlansky, Mark (2017).
1242:. Macmillan Publishers.
546:high-fructose corn syrup
446:Popularity and reception
1236:Kingwell, Mark (2007).
1129:Cuba: The Legend of Rum
1080:Brown & Miller 2009
687:Brown & Miller 2009
1190:Curtis, Wayne (2009).
502:
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390:to defend against the
357:Southern United States
327:U.S. Army Signal Corps
267:, and in many recipes
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1542:Contemporary Classics
1211:Gjelten, Tom (2008).
1132:. Mixellany Limited.
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489:Recipe and variations
453:
249:[ˈkuβaˈliβɾe]
118:
50:IBA official cocktail
1795:Russian spring punch
1629:Long Island iced tea
1314:at Wikimedia Commons
1167:Coulombe, Charles A.
1099:. 12 September 2018.
534:U.S. embargo of 1960
439:embargo against Cuba
377:automobile radiators
367:jokingly wrote of a
314:Fausto Rodriguez, a
308:Spanish–American War
288:Spanish–American War
1948:Cocktails with cola
908:, pp. 200–201.
882:The Washington Post
817:, pp. 203–205.
793:, pp. 202–203.
781:, pp. 201–202.
689:, pp. 148–150.
657:, pp. 199–200.
642:, pp. 248–249.
509:recipe calls for 5
482:Charles A. Coulombe
465:The Washington Post
388:British West Indies
45:
1569:Champagne cocktail
1388:Between the sheets
1366:The Unforgettables
1351:official cocktails
925:"The Rum and Coke"
805:, p. 250–251.
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111:Standard drinkware
1881:
1880:
1851:List of cocktails
1820:Tommy's margarita
1810:Suffering bastard
1609:Hemingway special
1594:French Connection
1574:Corpse reviver #2
1310:Media related to
1175:. Citadel Press.
953:, pp. 98–99.
407:Rum and Coca-Cola
373:denatured alcohol
176:
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167:Cuba libre recipe
95:: poured over ice
27:Highball cocktail
16:(Redirected from
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1958:Cuban inventions
1938:Caribbean drinks
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1554:Black Russian
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1458:Mary Pickford
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1110:Kingwell 2007
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829:, p. 99.
828:
827:Coulombe 2005
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803:Coulombe 2005
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767:Coulombe 2005
763:
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582:
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564:spiced rum).
563:
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508:
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499:Bundaberg Rum
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395:
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375:drained from
374:
370:
366:
365:H. L. Mencken
362:
359:. During the
358:
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37:
33:
19:
1866:
1730:Canchanchara
1619:Irish coffee
1614:Horse's neck
1599:Golden dream
1583:
1579:Cosmopolitan
1528:Whiskey sour
1463:Monkey gland
1438:John Collins
1393:Boulevardier
1280:
1259:
1238:
1213:
1192:
1171:
1148:
1128:
1105:
1096:
1087:
1075:
1063:
1051:. Retrieved
1045:
1018:. Retrieved
1014:
989:. Retrieved
984:
981:"Cuba Libre"
975:
946:
934:. Retrieved
928:
886:. Retrieved
880:
853:. Retrieved
847:
822:
810:
798:
786:
774:
750:Gjelten 2008
694:
670:Mariani 2015
584:
578:
566:
542:Mexican Coke
531:
519:
504:
480:
469:
463:
461:
457:
428:
399:Lord Invader
396:
384:World War II
381:
354:
346:
342:El Floridita
334:
313:
297:
285:
182:
179:Rum and Coke
178:
177:
138:120 ml
133:ingredients†
93:On the rocks
40:
1835:Yellow bird
1800:Spicy Fifty
1785:Paper plane
1720:Bee's knees
1664:Piña colada
1659:Moscow mule
1604:Grasshopper
1559:Bloody Mary
1523:Vieux Carré
1433:Hanky panky
1423:Dry martini
1413:Clover Club
1053:13 December
991:13 December
968:Curtis 2009
906:Curtis 2009
815:Curtis 2009
791:Curtis 2009
779:Curtis 2009
718:Curtis 2009
655:Curtis 2009
511:centiliters
435:Puerto Rico
429:During the
392:German Navy
157:Preparation
144:50 ml
75:Base spirit
1922:Categories
1790:Penicillin
1760:Lemon drop
1745:Fernandito
1674:Sea breeze
1669:Pisco sour
1649:Mint julep
1584:Cuba libre
1564:Caipirinha
1533:White lady
1498:Rusty nail
1493:Ramos fizz
1488:Porto flip
1378:Angel face
1312:Cuba libre
1182:0806525835
1120:References
1020:5 February
579:When aged
558:Dr. Pepper
527:Chero-Cola
497:Pre-mixed
183:Cuba libre
44:Cuba libre
18:Cuba libre
1928:Coca-Cola
1815:Tipperary
1775:Old Cuban
1715:Barracuda
1639:Margarita
1589:French 75
1448:Manhattan
1443:Last word
1373:Americano
936:2 January
596:grenadine
554:Diet Coke
515:dark rums
397:In 1943,
323:affidavit
320:notarized
304:Coca-Cola
277:light rum
273:Coca-Cola
181:, or the
146:white rum
131:specified
1844:See also
1478:Paradise
1453:Martinez
1428:Gin fizz
1418:Daiquiri
1383:Aviation
1169:(2005).
1093:"Cubata"
1015:VinePair
614:and cola
602:See also
592:absinthe
476:highball
411:Trinidad
279:such as
257:cocktail
254:highball
245:Spanish:
69:Cocktail
1943:Bacardi
1886:Portals
1872:
1830:Ve.n.to
1755:Illegal
1725:Bramble
1634:Mai Tai
1549:Bellini
1513:Stinger
1508:Sidecar
1503:Sazerac
1468:Negroni
888:27 July
855:27 July
849:Esquire
608:Piscola
574:bitters
403:Calypso
316:Bacardi
294:History
281:Bacardi
1805:Spritz
1780:Paloma
1699:Zombie
1694:Vesper
1654:Mojito
1644:Mimosa
1518:Tuxedo
1408:Casino
1288:
1267:
1246:
1225:
1200:
1179:
1155:
1136:
1047:Imbibe
589:Pernod
585:Cubata
538:TuKola
405:song "
331:Havana
89:Served
1900:Drink
930:Slate
624:Notes
612:pisco
581:añejo
550:Moxie
523:Pepsi
471:Slate
350:mixer
240:-bray
106:wedge
1912:Cuba
1286:ISBN
1265:ISBN
1244:ISBN
1223:ISBN
1198:ISBN
1177:ISBN
1153:ISBN
1134:ISBN
1055:2017
1022:2021
993:2017
938:2017
890:2018
857:2018
594:and
572:and
525:and
336:Life
300:Cuba
269:lime
261:cola
236:-bə
140:cola
104:Lime
65:Type
34:and
1624:Kir
570:gin
548:),
401:'s
329:in
265:rum
238:LEE
234:KEW
198:juː
169:at
129:IBA
81:Rum
1924::
1221:.
1217:.
1095:.
1044:.
1030:^
1013:.
1001:^
983:.
958:^
927:.
913:^
898:^
879:.
865:^
846:.
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757:^
740:^
725:^
706:^
677:^
662:^
647:^
632:^
598:.
552:,
263:,
243:,
224:eɪ
215:iː
165:†
1888::
1341:e
1334:t
1327:v
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1252:.
1231:.
1206:.
1185:.
1161:.
1142:.
1057:.
1024:.
995:.
940:.
892:.
859:.
735:.
672:.
227:/
221:r
218:b
212:l
209:ˈ
204:ə
201:b
195:k
192:ˌ
189:/
185:(
38:.
20:)
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