40:
51:
1445:
2297:
350:
589:, describes how it was customary, in his day, to take the measurement of the biblical cubit: "The cubit is a measure, but it is taken from the measure of the forearm. For the part from the elbow to the wrist and the palm of the hand is called the cubit, the middle finger of the cubit measure being also extended at the same time and there being added below (it) the span, that is, of the hand, taken all together."
400:
2285:
550:
to clarify the length of their cubit, saying that the measure of the cubit of which they have spoken "applies to the cubit of middle-size". In this case, the requirement is to make use of a standard 6 handbreadths to each cubit, and which handbreadth was not to be confused with an outstretched palm,
1837:, who distinguishes between a medium-sized cubit of 5 handbreadths, used principally for rabbinic measurements in measuring the bare and untilled ground near a vineyard and where there is a prohibition to grow therein seed plants under the laws of
773:) had a similar origin, being originally defined as the arm from the elbow to the tip of the middle finger. Several different cubit lengths were current in the medieval Islamic world for the unit of length, ranging from 48.25–145.6 cm (19–
551:
but rather one that was clenched and which handbreadth has the standard width of 4 fingerbreadths (each fingerbreadth being equivalent to the width of a thumb, about 2.25 cm). This puts the handbreadth at roughly 9 cm (
523:
There is some evidence that cubits were used to measure angular separation. The
Babylonian Astronomical Diary for 568-567 BCE refers to Jupiter being one cubit behind the elbow of Sagittarius. One cubit measures about 2 degrees.
1764:
Volumes 7–8. Berliner
Gesellschaft für Anthropologie, Ethnologie und Urgeschichte; Ibero-Amerikanisches Institut (Berlin, Germany); Staatliche Museen Preußischer Kulturbesitz. Berlin: Bruno Hessling Verlag, 1976. p.
759: in). A 120-centimetre cubit (approximately four feet long), called the Roman ulna, was common in the Roman empire, which cubit was measured from the fingers of the outstretched arm opposite the man's hip.
457:
which reduced a plethora of multiple standards to a few agreed upon common groupings. Successors to
Sumerian civilization including the Babylonians, Assyrians, and Persians continued to use these groupings.
2064:
Solinus, cap. 45, uses ulna for cubitus, where Pliny speaks of a crocodile of 22 cubits long. Solinus expresses it by so many ulnae, and Julius Pollux uses both words for the same... they call a cubitus an
1849:(part 3), Jerusalem 1939, p. 54, s.v. איזו היא אמה בינונית, where he brings down a variant reading of the same Tosefta and where it has 6 handbreadths, instead of 5 handbreadths, for the medium size cubit.
1622:
On the roadside the finish is clean and neat, a living fence of intertwined branches between stakes placed an old cubit (the length of a man's forearm or approximately 18 inches) apart.
506:
and Unger claimed it was used as a measurement standard. This irregularly formed and irregularly marked graduated rule supposedly defined the
Sumerian cubit as about 518.6 mm (
477:, Babylonian, Assyrian, Persian, Arabic, and Islamic metrologies. The Classical Mesopotamian System also has a proportional relationship, by virtue of standardized commerce, to
2048:
Thoughts on the Origin and
Descent of the Gael: With an Account of the Picts, Caledonians, and Scots; and Observations Relative to the Authenticity of the Poems of Ossian
262:. Fourteen such rods, including one double cubit rod, were described and compared by Lepsius in 1865. These cubit rods range from 523.5 to 529.2 mm (
625:, makes a distinction between the cubit of 6 handbreadths used in ordinary measurements, and the cubit of 5 handbreadths used in measuring the
533:
2329:
415:
2319:
1778:(SAQI, 2008), pp. 41-42. Steele does not elaborate on the relationship between the cubit as a unit of length and a unit of angular separation.
1721:
1698:
1531:
1333: in) (likely derived from the widely used cloth cubit of Aleppo) was used for cloth. The measure survived into the 20th century, with 1
235:
214:
585:
1601:
742:
642:
2230:
1999:
320:
312:
317:
2197:
419:
361:
315:
1138:
A variety of more local or specific cubit measures were developed over time: the "small" Hashemite cubit of 60.05 cm (
1362:
404:
130:
added a palm for 7 palms × 4 fingers = 28 digits. These lengths typically ranged from 44.4 to 52.92 cm (1 ft
59:
2129:
74:
of length based on the distance from the elbow to the tip of the middle finger. It was primarily associated with the
177:, the length of the forearm being frequently used to determine the interval between stakes placed within the hedge.
39:
2146:
1389:
1645:
1380:
1416:
2324:
1733:
Jean
Philippe Lauer (1931). "Étude sur Quelques Monuments de la III Dynastie (Pyramide à Degrés de Saqqarah)".
597:
50:
546:) in different countries and in different ages has varied. This realization led the rabbis of the 2nd century
2187:
2077:
Ozdural, Alpay (1998). Necipoğlu, Gülru (ed.). "Sinan's Arsin: A Survey of
Ottoman Architectural Metrology".
449:, but fell into disuse after the Akkadian Empire dissolved. The standard of Naram-Sin was readopted in the
1864:
1526:
44:
31:
2289:
1870:
1536:
659:
580:
1444:
71:
2241:
1609:
1541:
1484:
1478:
1453:
450:
170:
107:
99:
694:
from the knuckle of the middle finger (i.e., fist clenched) to the elbow, measured approximately
593:
446:
2189:
Heraldic design : its origins, ancient forms, and modern usage, with over 500 illustrations
2052:
379:
is given as measuring 6 cubits and 1 palm. Use of the royal cubit is also known from
2226:
2193:
2156:
2086:
1995:
1915:
1874:
1798:
1717:
1694:
875:
384:
2266:
2025:
1506:
220:
158: in), with an ancient Roman cubit being as long as 120 cm (3 ft 11 in).
991:
967:
539:
442:
438:
239:
162:
55:
2141:
2137:
2046:
1860:
1842:
648:
485:
349:
186:
2296:
2313:
2219:
2133:
1838:
1822:
1574:
995:
941:
630:
626:
496:
454:
365:
259:
119:
95:
1690:
Ancient
Egyptian science, a Source Book. Volume Three: Ancient Egyptian Mathematics
1561:
1372:
1340:
907:
721:
354:
295:
243:
123:
1688:
1670:
879:
878:
it measured 48.25 cm (19 in), possibly as a result of reforms of Caliph
1989:
1934:(ed. James Elmer Dean, The University of Chicago Press: Chicago 1935, p. 69.
1759:
1711:
1505:(diagonal) and is often shown grasping objects. It is most often used erect as a
1911:
1841:, and a larger cubit of 6 handbreadths used to measure therewith the altar. Cf.
1794:
1514:
493:
489:
380:
291:
247:
174:
166:
115:
1834:
1510:
1357:
Other measurements based on the length of the forearm include some lengths of
618:
547:
478:
331:
202:
103:
83:
2160:
2090:
1878:
2301:
1022:
1011:
903:
725:
474:
79:
75:
17:
2174:
600:(the "Chazon Ish"), dissenting, put the length of a cubit at 57.6 cm (
2284:
2270:
2030:
2013:
399:
234:) is the earliest attested standard measure. Cubit rods were used for the
1474:
1131:
1091:
961:
843:
430:
408:
499:
found a copper-alloy bar while excavating at Nippur. The bar dates from
1891:
1826:
1814:
1276:
1113:
937:
388:
373:
251:
238:. A number of these rods have survived: two are known from the tomb of
1654:
1246:) of 72.8 centimetres (28.7 in) and its double, the scale cubit (
902:), adopted in the Abbasid period and fixed by the measure used in the
161:
Cubits of various lengths were employed in many parts of the world in
1493:(with a sleeve) and may be shown in various positions, most commonly
1095:
686:
664:
622:
470:
466:
1833:
6:12–13), however, it brings down a second opinion, namely, that of
2262:
Stone, Mark H., "The Cubit: A History and
Measurement Commentary",
1869:. London: The Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund. p.
1064:, which fluctuated widely according to region: the Egyptian cubit (
2014:"The Cubit: A History and Measurement Commentary (Review Article)"
1443:
1159:
596:
put the linear measurement of a cubit at 48 cm (19 in).
434:
422:
398:
348:
91:
49:
38:
2245:
1932:
Epiphanius' Treatise on
Weights and Measures – the Syriac Version
1255:
In medieval and early modern Persia, the cubit (usually known as
1252:) established by al-Ma'mun and used mainly for measuring canals.
565: in), and 6 handbreadths (1 cubit) at 54 cm (
834:
462:
426:
383:
architecture, from at least as early as the construction of the
376:
369:
2079:
Muqarnas: An Annual on the Visual Culture of the Islamic World
1425:
1358:
360:
Early evidence for the use of this royal cubit comes from the
335:
255:
227:
680:
652:
1392:
445:
issued a common standard. This standard was improved by
1786:
1784:
1649:, Second edition, 1989; online version September 2011.
461:
The Classical Mesopotamian system formed the basis for
2012:
Stone, Mark H. (30 January 2014). Kaushik Bose (ed.).
1431:
1167:
Bilal ibn Abi Burda); the Egyptian carpenter's cubit (
1978:, vol. 41, no. 1, Jan/Feb 2015, p. 56
1776:
A Brief Introduction to Astronomy in the Middle East
1404:
1344:
1334:
1314:
1294:
1256:
1247:
1241:
1235:
1215:
1174:
1168:
1162:
1153:
1071:
1065:
1038:
1032:
1026:
1005:
999:
971:
958:
945:
931:
925:
897:
855:
849:
840:
832:
826:
820:
814:
800:
794:
788:
768:
304:
201:"to lie down", from which also comes the adjective "
2051:. Edinburgh: For A. Constable and Company. p.
1419:
799:), and each handsbreadth into four fingerbreadths (
418:originated in the loosely organized city-states of
2221:The Encyclopaedia of Ancient Egyptian Architecture
2218:
990: in) on average. It was this measure used by
2192:. Mineola, N.Y.: Dover Publications. p. 24.
1974:Vörös, Gyozo (2015), "Anastylosis at Machaerus",
1031:). Other identical measures were the work cubit (
924: in). It is also known as the common cubit (
437:had its own standards until the formation of the
1693:. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society.
1299:) appeared in the 17th century with 95 cm (
1214: in) in the 19th century; the house cubit (
793:was commonly subdivided into six handsbreadths (
1991:The Science of Measurement: A Historical Survey
745:or 6 palm widths (approximately 444 mm or
290: in) in length and are divided into seven
1866:The Ancient Cubit and Our Weights and Measures
1261:) was either the legal cubit of 49.8 cm (
1735:Annales du Service des Antiquités de L'Egypte
1366:
1152: in), also known as the cubit of Bilal (
8:
1672:Die altaegyptische Elle und ihre Eintheilung
1410:
805:). The most commonly used definitions were:
303:
1509:, for example by the families of Poyntz of
1398:
1373:
998:, and is hence also known as Ziyadi cubit (
196:
190:
2147:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
1713:Building in Egypt: pharaonic stone masonry
1590:(Sterling, 2009) & many other sources.
1383:
1200:, reduced and standardized to 75 cm (
633:, its circuit and the horns of the altar.
534:Biblical and Talmudic units of measurement
308:
298:, and the fingers are further subdivided.
2155:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 231–232.
2029:
1683:
1681:
1665:
1663:
1234: in), introduced by the Abbasid-era
936:), and was the most commonly used in the
416:Ancient Mesopotamian units of measurement
395:Ancient Mesopotamian units of measurement
254:; another was found in the tomb of Kha (
185:The English word "cubit" comes from the
58:, 52.3 cm long, 1336–1327 BC (
2123:
1675:(in German). Berlin: Dümmler. p. 14–18.
1553:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2103:
1951:), Jerusalem 1943, p. 17 (section 20).
1588:Sacred Geometry – Deciphering The Code
1313: in), while a "shortened" cubit (
484:In 1916, during the last years of the
2240:Hirsch, Emil G.; et al. (1906),
1532:List of obsolete units of measurement
215:Ancient Egyptian units of measurement
7:
2173:Rigpa Wiki, accessed January 2022, "
1908:Mishnah with Maimonides' Commentary
1791:Mishnah with Maimonides' Commentary
1761:Acta praehistorica et archaeologica
1716:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1339:equal to 104 cm (41 in).
543:
481:Harappan and Egyptian metrologies.
1608:. Oliver Liebscher. Archived from
1240:Ibn Abi Layla; the cubit of Umar (
643:ancient Greek units of measurement
25:
1094:63 cm (25 in), that of
819:), also known as the hand cubit (
767:In the Islamic world, the cubit (
294:; each palm is divided into four
2330:Human-based units of measurement
2295:
2283:
2250:, vol. XII, pp. 483 ff
2085:. Leiden, The Netherlands: 109.
1349:) of 81.3 cm (32 in).
1043:, which measures 65.6 cm (
1016:
884:
2095:... Roman ulna of four feet...
1343:also had its own royal cubit (
1158:, named after the 8th-century
831:, named after the 8th-century
372:river during the reign of the
1:
2320:Obsolete units of measurement
2300:The dictionary definition of
2257:Pyramids and Temples of Gizeh
2255:Petrie, Sir Flinders (1881).
1180:
976:for a total of 66.5 cm (
860:). It measured 49.8 cm (
645:, the standard forearm cubit
500:
687:
665:
403:The Nippur cubit-rod in the
336:
228:
209:Ancient Egyptian royal cubit
198:cubo, cubare, cubui, cubitum
173:. The term is still used in
1976:Biblical Archaeology Review
1426:
1420:
1405:
1345:
1335:
1315:
1295:
1257:
1248:
1242:
1236:
1216:
1175:
1169:
1163:
1154:
1072:
1066:
1039:
1033:
1027:
1021:) it was also known as the
1006:
1000:
972:
959:
946:
932:
926:
898:
874: in), although in the
856:
850:
841:
833:
827:
821:
815:
801:
795:
789:
787: in), and in turn the
769:
538:The standard of the cubit (
2346:
1634:Cassell's Latin Dictionary
1293: in). A royal cubit (
1134:68.6 cm (27 in).
1076:) measured 58.15 cm (
947:al-dhirāʿ al-Rashshāshiyya
839:Abu Yusuf), postal cubit (
681:
653:
531:
212:
43:Egyptian cubit rod in the
29:
1945:Sefer Ḳuntres ha-Shiʻurim
1687:Marshall Clagett (1999).
1646:Oxford English Dictionary
1432:
1411:
1367:
675:460 mm (18 in).
368:, the flood level of the
2186:Allcock, Hubert (2003).
1988:H. Arthur Klein (1974).
1669:Richard Lepsius (1865).
1173:) or architect's cubit (
677:The short forearm cubit
631:altar of burnt offerings
598:Avrohom Yeshaya Karelitz
391:in around 2700 BC.
355:Egyptian Museum of Turin
2264:Journal of Anthropology
2247:The Jewish Encyclopedia
2217:Arnold, Dieter (2003).
2018:Journal of Anthropology
1947:(Abridged edition from
1279:cubit of 79.8 cm (
1176:al-dhirāʿ al-miʿmāriyya
1130: in), and that of
1028:al-dhirāʿ al-Hāshimiyya
728:, a cubit was equal to
673:measured approximately
586:On Weights and Measures
242:, the treasurer of the
195:"elbow", from the verb
2242:"Weights and Measures"
1710:Arnold Dieter (1991).
1606:Shropshire Hedgelaying
1527:History of measurement
1466:
1399:
1393:
1384:
1374:
1249:al-dhirāʿ al-mīzāniyya
1243:al-dhirāʿ al-ʿUmariyya
1170:al-dhirāʿ bi'l-najjāri
1155:al-dhirāʿ al-Bilāliyya
1073:al-dhirāʿ al-baladiyya
1037:) and likely also the
1001:al-dhirāʿ al-Ziyādiyya
966:), inherited from the
828:al-dhirāʿ al-Yūsufiyya
816:al-dhirāʿ al-sharʿiyya
617:Rabbi and philosopher
412:
385:Step Pyramid of Djoser
357:
197:
191:
144: in to 1 ft
63:
47:
45:Liverpool World Museum
32:Cubit (disambiguation)
27:Ancient unit of length
2045:Grant, James (1814).
1562:"Definition of CUBIT"
1537:System of measurement
1447:
1440:Cubit arm in heraldry
1184: 77.5 cm (
930:), sack-cloth cubit (
581:Epiphanius of Salamis
488:and in the middle of
402:
362:Early Dynastic Period
352:
236:measurement of length
53:
42:
2292:at Wikimedia Commons
1040:al-dhirāʿ al-hindāsa
1007:al-dhirāʿ al-misāḥaʾ
970:. It measured eight
854:) and thread cubit (
851:al-dhirāʿ al-mursala
504: 2650 BCE
469:, Hurrian, Hittite,
405:Archeological Museum
334:of the royal cubit,
30:For other uses, see
2271:10.1155/2014/489757
2031:10.1155/2014/489757
1994:. New York: Dover.
1750:Conder 1908, p. 87.
1542:Unit of measurement
1220:) of 50.3 cm (
1112: in), that of
1090: in), that of
1004:) or survey cubit (
933:al-dhirāʿ al-kirbās
899:al-dhirāʿ al-sawdāʾ
825:), cubit of Yusuf (
353:Cubit rod from the
169:and as recently as
114:was divided into 6
100:Ark of the Covenant
1943:Abraham Haim Noe,
1918:: Jerusalem 1963,
1823:629, note 14 – 630
1801:: Jerusalem 1967,
1612:on 17 January 2019
1564:. 2 February 2024.
1467:
1424:, and the Tibetan
1346:dhirāʿ-i pādishāhī
1319:) of 6.8 cm (
1275: in), or the
1034:al-dhirāʿ al-ʿamal
994:for his survey of
927:al-dhirāʿ al-ʿāmma
910:at 54.04 cm (
857:al-dhirāʿ al-ghazl
848:), "freed" cubit (
629:, the base of the
594:Avraham Chaim Naeh
583:, in his treatise
413:
358:
171:early modern times
64:
60:Eighteenth Dynasty
48:
2288:Media related to
2128:Hinz, W. (1965).
1916:Mossad Harav Kook
1896:Kelim Baba-Metsia
1831:Kelim Baba-Metsia
1799:Mossad Harav Kook
1774:Steele, John M.,
1722:978-0-19-506350-9
1699:978-0-87169-232-0
1586:Stephen Skinner,
1067:al-dhirāʿ al-bazz
968:Sassanid Persians
876:Abbasid Caliphate
662:
347:
346:
342:
328:
327:
324:
323:
16:(Redirected from
2337:
2299:
2287:
2251:
2236:
2224:
2204:
2203:
2183:
2177:
2171:
2165:
2164:
2125:
2098:
2097:
2074:
2068:
2067:
2061:
2059:
2042:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2009:
2003:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1971:
1965:
1958:
1952:
1941:
1935:
1929:
1923:
1905:
1899:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1856:
1850:
1847:Tosefet Rishonim
1812:
1806:
1788:
1779:
1772:
1766:
1757:
1751:
1748:
1742:
1731:
1725:
1708:
1702:
1685:
1676:
1667:
1658:
1642:
1636:
1631:
1625:
1624:
1619:
1617:
1597:
1591:
1584:
1578:
1572:
1566:
1565:
1558:
1435:
1434:
1429:
1423:
1414:
1413:
1408:
1402:
1396:
1387:
1377:
1370:
1369:
1348:
1338:
1332:
1331:
1327:
1324:
1318:
1312:
1311:
1307:
1304:
1298:
1292:
1291:
1287:
1284:
1274:
1273:
1269:
1266:
1260:
1251:
1245:
1239:
1233:
1232:
1228:
1225:
1219:
1217:al-dhirāʿ al-dār
1213:
1212:
1208:
1205:
1199:
1197:
1196:
1192:
1189:
1182:
1178:
1172:
1166:
1157:
1151:
1150:
1146:
1143:
1129:
1128:
1124:
1121:
1111:
1110:
1106:
1103:
1089:
1088:
1084:
1081:
1075:
1069:
1056:
1055:
1051:
1048:
1042:
1036:
1030:
1020:
1018:
1009:
1003:
989:
988:
984:
981:
975:
965:
949:
935:
929:
923:
922:
918:
915:
901:
888:
886:
873:
872:
868:
865:
859:
853:
847:
838:
830:
824:
822:al-dhirāʿ al-yad
818:
804:
798:
792:
786:
785:
781:
778:
772:
758:
757:
753:
750:
741:
740:
736:
733:
711:
709:
708:
704:
701:
693:
690:
684:
683:
676:
672:
670:
658:
656:
655:
621:, following the
613:
612:
608:
605:
578:
577:
573:
570:
564:
563:
559:
556:
545:
519:
518:
514:
511:
505:
502:
341:
330:
309:
305:
301:
300:
289:
288:
284:
281:
275:
274:
270:
267:
233:
221:ancient Egyptian
200:
194:
157:
156:
152:
149:
143:
142:
138:
135:
108:Solomon's Temple
90:is found in the
21:
2345:
2344:
2340:
2339:
2338:
2336:
2335:
2334:
2325:Units of length
2310:
2309:
2280:
2239:
2233:
2216:
2213:
2208:
2207:
2200:
2185:
2184:
2180:
2172:
2168:
2127:
2126:
2101:
2076:
2075:
2071:
2057:
2055:
2044:
2043:
2039:
2011:
2010:
2006:
1987:
1983:
1973:
1972:
1968:
1959:
1955:
1942:
1938:
1930:
1926:
1906:
1902:
1890:
1886:
1859:
1857:
1853:
1813:
1809:
1789:
1782:
1773:
1769:
1758:
1754:
1749:
1745:
1732:
1728:
1709:
1705:
1686:
1679:
1668:
1661:
1643:
1639:
1632:
1628:
1615:
1613:
1602:"The Green Man"
1599:
1598:
1594:
1585:
1581:
1573:
1569:
1560:
1559:
1555:
1550:
1523:
1442:
1355:
1329:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1309:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1289:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1271:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1230:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1210:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1194:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1148:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1126:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1108:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1086:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1053:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1015:
1010:). From Caliph
992:Ziyad ibn Abihi
986:
982:
979:
977:
944:under the name
920:
916:
913:
911:
883:
870:
866:
863:
861:
783:
779:
776:
774:
765:
755:
751:
748:
746:
738:
734:
731:
729:
724:, according to
718:
706:
702:
699:
697:
695:
692:, lit. "fist"),
678:
674:
646:
639:
610:
606:
603:
601:
575:
571:
568:
566:
561:
557:
554:
552:
536:
530:
516:
512:
509:
507:
503:
443:Sargon of Akkad
439:Akkadian Empire
397:
316:
286:
282:
279:
277:
272:
268:
265:
263:
217:
211:
183:
154:
150:
147:
145:
140:
136:
133:
131:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2343:
2341:
2333:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2312:
2311:
2308:
2307:
2293:
2279:
2278:External links
2276:
2275:
2274:
2260:
2253:
2237:
2231:
2212:
2209:
2206:
2205:
2198:
2178:
2166:
2099:
2069:
2037:
2004:
1981:
1966:
1953:
1949:Shiʻurei Torah
1936:
1924:
1922:6:6 (Hebrew).
1900:
1884:
1851:
1843:Saul Lieberman
1807:
1805:3:1 (Hebrew).
1780:
1767:
1752:
1743:
1726:
1703:
1677:
1659:
1637:
1626:
1592:
1579:
1567:
1552:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1522:
1519:
1501:(horizontal),
1441:
1438:
1371:), the Indian
1354:
1351:
1316:gaz-i mukassar
1136:
1135:
1116:82.9 cm (
1098:67.7 cm (
1058:
1019: 754–775
951:
890:
887: 813–833
764:
761:
717:
714:
638:
637:Ancient Greece
635:
532:Main article:
529:
528:Biblical cubit
526:
486:Ottoman Empire
420:Early Dynastic
396:
393:
345:
344:
326:
325:
322:
321:
318:
313:
213:Main article:
210:
207:
182:
179:
70:is an ancient
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2342:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2306:at Wiktionary
2305:
2304:
2298:
2294:
2291:
2286:
2282:
2281:
2277:
2272:
2268:
2265:
2261:
2258:
2254:
2249:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2234:
2232:1-86064-465-1
2228:
2223:
2222:
2215:
2214:
2210:
2201:
2195:
2191:
2190:
2182:
2179:
2175:
2170:
2167:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2148:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2073:
2070:
2066:
2054:
2050:
2049:
2041:
2038:
2032:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2008:
2005:
2001:
2000:9780486258393
1997:
1993:
1992:
1985:
1982:
1977:
1970:
1967:
1963:
1957:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1940:
1937:
1933:
1928:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1904:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1888:
1885:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1867:
1862:
1855:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1839:Diverse Kinds
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1821:17:9–10, pp.
1820:
1816:
1811:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1787:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1771:
1768:
1763:
1762:
1756:
1753:
1747:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1730:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1714:
1707:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1691:
1684:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1673:
1666:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1647:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1630:
1627:
1623:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1600:Hart, Sarah.
1596:
1593:
1589:
1583:
1580:
1576:
1575:Vitruvian Man
1571:
1568:
1563:
1557:
1554:
1547:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1524:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1489:. It may be
1488:
1487:
1482:
1481:
1476:
1472:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1439:
1437:
1428:
1422:
1418:
1407:
1403:, the Telugu
1401:
1395:
1391:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1376:
1364:
1360:
1353:Other systems
1352:
1350:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1317:
1297:
1278:
1259:
1253:
1250:
1244:
1238:
1218:
1177:
1171:
1165:
1161:
1156:
1133:
1115:
1097:
1093:
1074:
1068:
1063:
1059:
1041:
1035:
1029:
1024:
1013:
1008:
1002:
997:
993:
974:
969:
964:
963:
956:
952:
948:
943:
942:Islamic Spain
939:
934:
928:
909:
905:
900:
895:
891:
881:
877:
858:
852:
846:
845:
837:
836:
829:
823:
817:
812:
808:
807:
806:
803:
797:
791:
771:
763:Islamic world
762:
760:
744:
727:
723:
715:
713:
696:340 mm (
691:
689:
669:
668:
661:
650:
644:
636:
634:
632:
628:
624:
620:
615:
599:
595:
590:
588:
587:
582:
549:
541:
535:
527:
525:
521:
498:
497:Eckhard Unger
495:
494:assyriologist
492:, the German
491:
487:
482:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
459:
456:
452:
451:Ur III period
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
421:
417:
410:
406:
401:
394:
392:
390:
386:
382:
378:
375:
371:
367:
366:Palermo Stone
363:
356:
351:
343:
340:
339:
333:
319:
314:
311:
310:
307:
306:
302:
299:
297:
293:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
232:
231:
225:
222:
216:
208:
206:
204:
199:
193:
188:
180:
178:
176:
172:
168:
165:, during the
164:
159:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
61:
57:
54:Cubit rod of
52:
46:
41:
37:
33:
19:
2302:
2263:
2256:
2246:
2220:
2211:Bibliography
2188:
2181:
2169:
2152:
2145:
2094:
2082:
2078:
2072:
2063:
2056:. Retrieved
2047:
2040:
2021:
2017:
2007:
1990:
1984:
1975:
1969:
1961:
1960:Chazon Ish,
1956:
1948:
1944:
1939:
1931:
1927:
1919:
1907:
1903:
1895:
1887:
1865:
1854:
1846:
1830:
1818:
1810:
1802:
1790:
1775:
1770:
1760:
1755:
1746:
1738:
1734:
1729:
1712:
1706:
1689:
1671:
1650:
1644:
1640:
1633:
1629:
1621:
1614:. Retrieved
1610:the original
1605:
1595:
1587:
1582:
1570:
1556:
1517:and Turton.
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1485:
1479:
1470:
1468:
1463:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1397:, the Tamil
1356:
1341:Mughal India
1254:
1137:
1061:
955:king's cubit
954:
908:Rawda Island
893:
810:
766:
722:ancient Rome
719:
716:Ancient Rome
685:
666:
640:
627:Golden Altar
616:
591:
584:
537:
522:
483:
460:
414:
387:designed by
359:
337:
329:
244:18th dynasty
229:
223:
218:
184:
160:
128:Royal cubits
127:
112:common cubit
111:
87:
67:
65:
36:
18:Cubit (unit)
2142:Schacht, J.
2138:Pellat, Ch.
2024:: 489757 .
1962:Orach Chaim
1914:), vol. 1,
1912:Yosef Qafih
1797:), vol. 3,
1795:Yosef Qafih
1515:Stevenstone
1513:, Rolle of
1497:, but also
1448:A heraldic
1296:gaz-i shāhī
1062:cloth cubit
894:black cubit
811:legal cubit
614: in).
579: in).
520: in).
490:World War I
381:Old Kingdom
248:Tutankhamun
224:royal cubit
175:hedgelaying
167:Middle Ages
86:. The term
2314:Categories
2290:Cubit arms
2225:. Taurus.
2199:048642975X
2151:Volume II:
1861:Warren, C.
1835:Rabbi Meir
1825:). In the
1548:References
1511:Iron Acton
1057: in).
960:al-dhirāʿ
842:al-dhirāʿ
743:Roman feet
619:Maimonides
479:Bronze Age
475:Phoenician
465:, Hebrew,
455:Nanše Hymn
433:and trade
332:Hieroglyph
104:Tabernacle
96:Noah's Ark
94:regarding
84:Israelites
2161:495469475
2134:Lewis, B.
2091:0732-2992
2058:1 January
1879:752584387
1741::60 p. 59
1724:. p. 251.
1471:cubit arm
1450:cubit arm
1198: in)
1023:Hashemite
1012:al-Mansur
904:Nilometer
880:al-Ma'mun
726:Vitruvius
710: in)
660:translit.
447:Naram-Sin
364:: on the
338:meh niswt
230:meh niswt
203:recumbent
181:Etymology
163:antiquity
80:Egyptians
76:Sumerians
2144:(eds.).
2130:"Dhirāʿ"
2002:. p. 68.
1898:6:12–13)
1863:(1903).
1521:See also
1503:bendwise
1499:fesswise
1486:sinister
1475:heraldry
1132:Istanbul
1092:Damascus
962:al-malik
844:al-barīd
471:Ugaritic
467:Urartian
425:. Each
411:, Turkey
409:Istanbul
246:pharaoh
1920:Kila'im
1892:Tosefta
1827:Tosefta
1815:Mishnah
1477:may be
1415:), the
1365:lokot (
1363:Russian
1328:⁄
1308:⁄
1288:⁄
1277:Isfahan
1270:⁄
1229:⁄
1209:⁄
1193:⁄
1147:⁄
1125:⁄
1114:Baghdad
1107:⁄
1085:⁄
1052:⁄
1025:cubit (
985:⁄
938:Maghreb
919:⁄
869:⁄
782:⁄
754:⁄
737:⁄
705:⁄
609:⁄
574:⁄
560:⁄
515:⁄
463:Elamite
453:by the
431:kingdom
389:Imhotep
374:Pharaoh
296:fingers
285:⁄
271:⁄
252:Saqqara
192:cubitum
153:⁄
139:⁄
120:fingers
2273:, 2014
2229:
2196:
2159:
2140:&
2089:
1998:
1964:39:14.
1877:
1803:Middot
1720:
1697:
1616:18 May
1491:vested
1480:dexter
1460:vested
1455:dexter
1400:muzham
1388:, the
1379:, the
1368:локоть
1361:, the
1160:Basran
1096:Aleppo
790:dhirāʿ
770:dhirāʿ
667:pēkhys
663:
623:Talmud
592:Rabbi
540:Hebrew
260:Thebes
124:digits
110:. The
106:, and
102:, the
98:, the
82:, and
2303:cubit
2132:. In
2065:ulna.
1910:(ed.
1819:Kelim
1793:(ed.
1737:IFAO
1655:cubit
1507:crest
1495:erect
1464:erect
1417:Khmer
1406:moora
1394:hasta
1390:Malay
1375:hasta
1179:) of
973:qabḍa
802:aṣbaʿ
796:qabḍa
688:pygmē
682:πυγμή
654:πῆχυς
649:Greek
441:when
435:guild
423:Sumer
292:palms
258:) in
250:, in
189:noun
187:Latin
122:= 24
116:palms
92:Bible
88:cubit
68:cubit
2227:ISBN
2194:ISBN
2157:OCLC
2087:ISSN
2060:2018
2022:2014
1996:ISBN
1875:OCLC
1858:Cf.
1718:ISBN
1701:. p.
1695:ISBN
1651:s.v.
1618:2017
1462:and
1427:khru
1381:Thai
1237:qāḍī
1164:qāḍī
1060:the
996:Iraq
953:the
940:and
892:the
835:qāḍī
809:the
427:city
377:Djer
370:Nile
240:Maya
219:The
118:× 4
72:unit
66:The
56:Maya
2267:doi
2153:C–G
2053:137
2026:doi
1765:49.
1483:or
1473:in
1436:).
1433:ཁྲུ
1421:hat
1412:మూర
1385:sok
1359:ell
1336:gaz
1258:gaz
1070:or
906:on
720:In
641:In
544:אמה
407:of
276:to
256:TT8
205:".
2316::
2244:,
2149:.
2136:;
2102:^
2093:.
2083:15
2081:.
2062:.
2020:.
2016:.
1873:.
1845:,
1783:^
1739:31
1680:^
1662:^
1620:.
1604:.
1469:A
1458:,
1452:,
1330:16
1326:11
1301:37
1290:16
1281:31
1263:19
1231:16
1227:13
1222:19
1202:29
1186:30
1181:c.
1149:32
1145:21
1140:23
1118:32
1100:26
1087:32
1083:29
1078:22
1054:16
1050:13
1045:25
1017:r.
987:16
978:26
912:21
889:).
885:r.
862:19
784:16
775:57
747:17
712:.
698:13
657:,
651::
611:16
607:11
602:22
567:21
548:CE
542::
517:32
513:13
508:20
501:c.
473:,
429:,
287:32
283:27
278:20
264:20
155:16
151:13
126:.
78:,
2269::
2259:.
2252:.
2235:.
2202:.
2176:"
2163:.
2034:.
2028::
1894:(
1881:.
1871:4
1829:(
1817:(
1657:"
1653:"
1577:.
1430:(
1409:(
1323:+
1321:2
1310:2
1306:1
1303:+
1286:7
1283:+
1272:8
1268:5
1265:+
1224:+
1211:2
1207:1
1204:+
1195:2
1191:1
1188:+
1142:+
1127:8
1123:5
1120:+
1109:8
1105:5
1102:+
1080:+
1047:+
1014:(
983:3
980:+
957:(
950:.
921:4
917:1
914:+
896:(
882:(
871:8
867:5
864:+
813:(
780:5
777:+
756:2
752:1
749:+
739:2
735:1
732:+
730:1
707:2
703:1
700:+
679:(
671:)
647:(
604:+
576:2
572:1
569:+
562:2
558:1
555:+
553:3
510:+
280:+
273:8
269:5
266:+
226:(
148:+
146:8
141:2
137:1
134:+
132:5
62:)
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
