311:), making them in charge of selecting officials, and it was said that both he and Zheng violated civil service regulations, accepted bribes, and promoted inappropriate persons. Further, his father Cui Yi was also accepting bribes and trying to influence Cui Shi, and when Cui Shi refused to follow Cui Yi's requests, the father-son relationship became a difficult one. (On one occasion, Cui Yi accepted a bribe from a reserve official hoping for a commission but forgot to tell Cui Shi about it, and Cui Shi did not grant that reserve official a commission. That reserve official went to see Cui Shi and asked him, "Your relative accepted my bribe. Why did I not get a commission?" Cui Shi angrily responded, "Who accepted the bribe? I will cane him to death!" The reserve official responded, "Do not do that! If you do that, you will have to observe a period of mourning." Cui realized that it was his father and became ashamed.) Later in 709, after indictment by the censors Jin Heng (靳恆) and
269:. However, Cui Shi warned Wu Sansi that if somehow they returned to the capital later, they would create problems for him, and that they should somehow be killed in exile. Wu Sansi agreed, and at Cui Shi's recommendation, commissioned Cui Shi's cousin Zhou Lizhen (周利貞) to visit the Lingnan region, ostensibly to review the region, but with instructions to kill the five coup leaders. When Zhou reached the region, Zhang and Cui Xuanwei had already died, and Zhou had Huan, Jing, and Yuan killed cruelly.
573:). However, Cui believed that he would soon be recalled, and therefore progressed slowly. Meanwhile, after he left, Li Jin, at his execution, proclaimed, "This plan was Cui Shi's, not mine. Now I am dying, and Cui Shi lives. How is this right?" Further, when Lady Yuan was interrogated, she stated that Cui Shi was the one who planned to poison Emperor Xuanzong. Emperor Xuanzong therefore issued an edict ordering Cui Shi to commit suicide. The edict reached Cui at Jing Prefecture (荊州, roughly modern
516:), heard of this secret instruction, and therefore, when Liu went through Gui Prefecture, detained him and refused to let him go on to Feng Prefecture. Zhou submitted accusations that Wang was disobeying an imperial edict, and Cui repeatedly tried to pressure Wang to release Liu to Feng Prefecture. Liu himself pointed out to Wang that he did not want to put Wang in danger as well, but Wang refused to let Liu go on, and Liu was spared from death.
257:, soon became a trusted and powerful advisor to Emperor Zhongzong. Huan and Jing feared what machinations Wu Sansi might have, and so tried to make Cui Shi an associate and have him keep an eye on Wu Sansi, but Cui Shi, realizing that Emperor Zhongzong trusted Wu Sansi and not the coup leaders, instead revealed the coup leaders' plans to Wu Sansi. Subsequently, he became a strategist for Wu Sansi, and at Wu Sansi's recommendation was made
561:, and the military officer Li Shoude (李守德) — and decided to act first. On July 29, Emperor Xuanzong had Wang Maozhong take 300 soldiers to the imperial guard camp to behead Chang and Li Ci. Then, Jia, Li You, Xiao, and Cen were arrested and executed as well. Dou and Princess Taiping committed suicide. Emperor Ruizong yielded powers to Emperor Xuanzong and no longer actively participated in policy decisions thereafter.
446:
Cui Di (崔滌) was a close associate of Li Longji's, and Li Longji visited Cui Shi's mansion several times, hoping to make him a close associate as well, but Cui, who eventually started an affair with
Princess Taiping, became a member of her faction, and was said to have participated in her scheme to have Zhang removed from chancellorship. In 711, at her recommendation, he was again made
531:), Li You (李猷), Jia Yingfu (賈膺福), Tang Jun (唐晙); the generals Chang Yuankai (常元楷), Li Ci (李慈), and Li Qin (李欽); and the monk Huifan (惠範), They are all very powerful and influential, especially princess Taiping that was at the head of their leadership and seriously were plotting to overthrow Emperor Xuanzong. It was further said that they discussed, with the
356:), and Emperor Zhongzong agreed, putting Cui in charge of the project. The canal was built with some tens of thousands of conscripted laborers, and somewhere between 13 and 15 laborers died during the project. Cui would eventually be recognized for the project when the older canal that the new canal replaced became unnavigable after a serious summer storm.
589:—highly honored clans that were honored for generations. He also stated, "My household and experience can be said to be the highest there could be. A man should control key positions so that he can control others; how can he let others control him?" It was said this principle governed Cui's actions and ultimately led him to destructive ambitions.
462:, who was not a member of Princess Taiping's faction. When Princess Taiping suggested that she would recommend him for chancellorship, he recommended Lu as well. She initially refused, but he stated that he would not dare to be chancellor unless Lu was promoted as well, and subsequently, she recommended both.)
445:
Meanwhile, Princess
Taiping and Li Longji struggled with each other in attempts to influence Emperor Ruizong's decisions that he consulted with both in important decisions, and the emperor often allowed both to be his spokesman to exercise power. They both sought Cui's support as well. Cui's brother
584:
It was said that Cui Shi was famed for both his literary talent and physical attractiveness. His brothers Cui Ye (崔液) and Cui Di and cousin Cui Huai (崔淮) were also known for their talent. Whenever they had feasts among themselves, Cui Shi would compare his own household to the Wang and Xie clans of
553:
to act first, did so. He convened a meeting with his brothers Li Fan (李範) the Prince of Qi, Li Ye (李業) the Prince of Xue, Guo
Yuanzhen, along with a number of his associates — the general Wang Maozhong (王毛仲), the officials Jiang Jiao (姜皎) and Li Lingwen (李令問), his brother-in-law Wang Shouyi (王守一),
433:
the Prince of Qiao, had made an unsuccessful attempt to challenge
Emperor Ruizong for the throne, and was killed. After Li Chongfu's death, Cui was accused of having improperly communicated with Li Chongfu while serving as prefect of Xiang Prefecture and receiving a golden belt from Li Chongfu—an
564:
Before
Emperor Xuanzong acted, he again tried to make Cui a member of his own faction by summoning him to a private meeting. Before Cui went to the meeting, Cui Di warned him that he should switch to Emperor Xuanzong's side, but Cui Shi took no heed. After Princess Taiping's death, Cui Shi and
344:), and Zheng was made the military advisor to the prefect of Jiang Prefecture. However, later in the year, when Emperor Zhongzong was set to make sacrifices to heaven and earth south of Chang'an, he recalled both Cui and Zheng to attend to him during the ceremony, and Cui was soon made
480:(中書令), the head of the legislative bureau and a post considered one for a chancellor. Soon, there was a plan by Liu Yiuqiu, who was a close associate of Emperor Xuanzong's, and the general Zhang Wei (張暐), to kill several chancellors associated with Princess Taiping — Cui,
488:. However, the plan was leaked by the censor Deng Guangbin (鄧光賓), who was part of the plot. Emperor Xuanzong disavowed knowledge of the plan, and Liu, Zhang, and Deng were exiled. After Liu was exiled to Feng Prefecture (封州, roughly modern
368:
the Prince of Wen, was poised to be named emperor, but before Li
Chongmao officially took the throne, Empress Wei carried out a number of official movements in order to consolidate her power, and as part of these moves, Cui, who was then
348:(尚書左丞), one of the secretaries general of the executive bureau. Sometime during these years, Cui also suggested that a new canal should be built between Lantian (藍田, near Chang'an) and Shang Prefecture (商州, roughly modern
425:(太子詹事), the head of household for Li Longji, who had been created crown prince by that point. He was further recognized for his role in building the new canal to Shang Prefecture, and was given the honorific title of
315:
and investigation by the censor Pei Cui (裴漼), Cui and Zheng were removed from their offices. Cui was initially supposed to demoted to be the military advisor to the prefect of Jiang
Prefecture (江州, roughly modern
229:(考功員外郎), a low level official at the ministry of civil service affairs. Upon Emperor Zhongzong's restoration, initially, five officials who were instrumental in the coup that overthrew Wu Zetian and restored him,
690:
405:
After
Emperor Ruizong took the throne, the chancellors commissioned by Empress Dowager Wei were generally demoted, and Cui Shi was demoted to be the prefect of Hua Prefecture (華州, roughly modern
287:). (His father Cui Yi was then serving as the deputy minister of rites, and having father and son both serve as deputy ministers of one of the six departments of the executive bureau (尚書省,
162:, and Cui Shi's father Cui Yi (崔挹) later served as the principal of the imperial university. Cui Shi himself was said to be literarily talented and ambitious in his youth. He passed the
779:
774:
764:
364:
In 710, Emperor
Zhongzong died suddenly—a death that traditional historians believed to be a poisoning carried out by Empress Wei and Li Guo'er. His son by a concubine,
769:
133:, Cui chose to side with Princess Taiping, and after Emperor Xuanzong suppressed Princess Taiping's party, Cui was exiled and ordered to commit suicide in exile.
397:
the Prince of Xiang, himself a former emperor, was made emperor (as
Emperor Ruizong), displacing Emperor Shang, who was demoted back to being Prince of Wen.
470:
In 712, Emperor Ruizong passed the throne to Li Longji, who took the throne (as Emperor Xuanzong). Emperor Ruizong, however, retained actual power as
261:(中書舍人), a mid-level official at the legislative bureau (中書省). The coup leaders were subsequently, after accusations by Wu Sansi, all exiled to the
565:
another lover of Princess Taiping's, Lu Cangyong (盧藏用), were both exiled—in Cui's case, to Dou Prefecture (竇州, roughly modern
283:; traditional historians generally believed that they had an affair. In 708, he became the deputy minister of defense (兵部侍郎,
110:
720:
666:
789:
710:
496:), Cui gave instructions to Zhou Lizhen, who was then serving as the commandant at Guang Prefecture (廣州, roughly modern
738:
734:
730:
784:
541:
that Emperor Xuanzong routinely took as an aphrodisiac. When this alleged plot was reported to Emperor Xuanzong by
505:
254:
155:
336:
and Li Guo'er's husband Wu Yanxiu (武延秀), Cui was instead made the prefect of Xiang Prefecture (襄州, roughly modern
222:
114:
413:). He was almost immediately recalled to serve again as deputy minister of civil service affairs and chancellor
546:
435:
390:
126:
555:
394:
159:
147:
118:
304:
203:
528:
365:
225:, formerly emperor, was restored to the throne (as Emperor Zhongzong). Around this time, Cui Shi became
122:
613:
that became unnavigable after the storm, and that was the interpretation that Cui's biography in the
163:
759:
754:
476:(retired emperor). Soon after Emperor Xuanzong's assumption of the throne, Cui Shi was made acting
280:
332:). After intercession by Consort Shangguan, as well as Emperor Zhongzong's daughter Li Guo'er the
586:
29:
527:, Li Jin (李晉) the Prince of Xinxing (a grandson of Li Deliang (李德良), a cousin of Tang's founder
715:
705:
504:), under whose area of responsibility Feng Prefecture was, to have Liu killed. Liu's friend
386:
130:
99:
537:
532:
378:
199:
377:. Li Chongmao soon took the throne (as Emperor Shang), but Empress Wei retained power as
291:) was unprecedented at that time.) In 709, at her recommendation, by which time Cui was
265:
region in 706 with provisions that they would never be allowed to return to the capital
725:
472:
272:
Wu Sansi was killed in 707 in an unsuccessful coup by Emperor Zhongzong's crown prince
748:
520:
333:
230:
92:
481:
459:
219:
183:
102:
295:(中書侍郎), the deputy head of the legislative bureau, Cui was given the designation
249:, were powerful chancellors, but Emperor Zhongzong's cousin (Wu Zetian's nephew)
670:
312:
273:
266:
238:
234:
195:
276:, and Cui Shi soon became closely associated with Emperor Zhongzong's powerful
550:
439:
430:
246:
151:
24:
18:
570:
558:
542:
501:
497:
493:
277:
106:
98:(澄瀾), was a Chinese writer and politician. He served as an official of the
574:
489:
393:
the Prince of Linzi killed Empress Wei and Li Guo'er. Li Longji's father
349:
337:
325:
317:
253:
the Prince of Dejing, who was also the lover of Emperor Zhongzong's wife
250:
242:
187:
170:(左補闕), a low level official at the examination bureau of government (鸞臺,
566:
545:, Emperor Xuanzong, who had already received advice from Wang Ju (王琚),
513:
410:
353:
329:
321:
307:
were also made acting deputy ministers of civil service affairs (吏部侍郎,
262:
524:
509:
485:
406:
382:
324:), while Zheng was to be exiled to Ji Prefecture (吉州, roughly modern
191:
508:, who was then the commandant at Gui Prefecture (桂州, roughly modern
417:, but later in the year was removed from that post and again became
385:. Less than a month later, a coup led by Emperor Zhongzong's sister
578:
341:
129:. In 713, with Emperor Xuanzong locked in a rivalry with his aunt
218:
In 705, Wu Zetian was overthrown in a coup, and her son and
605:
However, this account, contained in Cui's biography in the
429:(銀青光祿大夫). Meanwhile, another son of Emperor Zhongzong's,
174:). He participated in the editing of a work known as the
519:
By 713, it was said that Princess Taiping, Dou, Cen,
70:
54:
36:
609:, may also be interpreted to read that it was the
434:offense that might subject him to execution, but
373:, was again made chancellor with the designation
442:spoke on his behalf, and he was not punished.
16:Not to be confused with the scholars Cui Shi (
158:during the reign of Emperor Gaozong's father
146:Cui Shi was born in 671, during the reign of
8:
780:Chancellors under Emperor Zhongzong of Tang
206:. After the work was complete, he was made
775:Chancellors under Emperor Xuanzong of Tang
182:) — a compilation of various poetry about
176:Essence of Pearls from the Three Religions
33:
765:Chancellors under Emperor Ruizong of Tang
194:—a project headed by Wu Zetian's lovers
28:; 1852-1924) and noble woman of Cao Wei
770:Chancellors under Emperor Shang of Tang
634:
598:
458:(同中書門下三品). (He admired fellow official
210:(殿中侍御史), a low level imperial censor.
113:during the reigns of Wu Zetian's sons
7:
299:(同中書門下平章事), making him a chancellor
581:), and he committed suicide there.
523:, Cui; along with other officials
14:
375:Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi
297:Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi
109:'s Zhou dynasty, serving as a
1:
456:Tong Zhongshu Menxia Sanpin
303:. He and fellow chancellor
806:
166:in his youth and was made
22:; c. 103–170) or Cui Shi (
15:
202:and the imperial scholar
82:
78:
59:
50:
43:
281:Consort Shangguan Wan'er
150:. Cui Shi's grandfather
44:
535:Lady Yuanto poison the
454:, with the designation
427:Yinqing Guanglu Daifu
164:imperial examinations
790:Tang dynasty writers
227:Kaogong Yuanwai Lang
154:briefly served as a
421:. He was soon made
208:Dianzhong Shi Yushi
785:Cui clan of Boling
587:Southern dynasties
419:Shangshu Zuo Cheng
346:Shangshu Zuo Cheng
30:Lady Cui (Cao Wei)
115:Emperor Zhongzong
86:
85:
797:
716:New Book of Tang
706:Old Book of Tang
693:
688:
682:
681:
679:
678:
669:. Archived from
663:
657:
654:New Book of Tang
651:
645:
642:Old Book of Tang
639:
618:
615:New Book of Tang
607:Old Book of Tang
603:
448:Zhongshu Shilang
387:Princess Taiping
293:Zhongshu Shilang
214:Under Zhongzhong
131:Princess Taiping
127:Emperor Xuanzong
64:
34:
805:
804:
800:
799:
798:
796:
795:
794:
745:
744:
701:
696:
689:
685:
676:
674:
665:
664:
660:
652:
648:
640:
636:
632:
627:
622:
621:
604:
600:
595:
538:gastrodia elata
533:lady in waiting
468:
450:and chancellor
403:
379:empress dowager
362:
259:Zhongshu Sheren
216:
200:Zhang Changzong
180:Sanjiao Zhuying
160:Emperor Taizong
148:Emperor Gaozong
144:
139:
119:Emperor Ruizong
91:(崔湜; 671–713),
65:
60:
46:
39:
32:
12:
11:
5:
803:
801:
793:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
747:
746:
743:
742:
726:Zizhi Tongjian
722:
712:
700:
697:
695:
694:
683:
667:"唐書 列傳 第十一至二五"
658:
646:
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
620:
619:
597:
596:
594:
591:
473:Taishang Huang
467:
466:Under Xuanzong
464:
402:
399:
361:
358:
289:Shangshu Sheng
285:Bingbu Shilang
215:
212:
143:
140:
138:
135:
121:and grandsons
84:
83:
80:
79:
76:
75:
72:
68:
67:
57:
56:
52:
51:
48:
47:
41:
40:
37:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
802:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
752:
750:
740:
736:
732:
728:
727:
723:
721:
718:
717:
713:
711:
708:
707:
703:
702:
698:
692:
687:
684:
673:on 2008-02-10
672:
668:
662:
659:
655:
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647:
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635:
629:
624:
616:
612:
608:
602:
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592:
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588:
582:
580:
576:
572:
568:
562:
560:
557:
552:
548:
544:
540:
539:
534:
530:
529:Emperor Gaozu
526:
522:
521:Xiao Zhizhong
517:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
478:Zhongshu Ling
475:
474:
465:
463:
461:
457:
453:
449:
443:
441:
437:
432:
428:
424:
423:Taizi Zhanshi
420:
416:
412:
408:
401:Under Ruizong
400:
398:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
367:
359:
357:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
334:Princess Anle
331:
327:
323:
319:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
279:
275:
270:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
231:Zhang Jianzhi
228:
224:
221:
213:
211:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
141:
136:
134:
132:
128:
124:
123:Emperor Shang
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
101:
97:
94:
93:courtesy name
90:
81:
77:
73:
69:
63:
58:
53:
49:
42:
35:
31:
27:
26:
21:
20:
724:
714:
704:
699:Bibliography
686:
675:. Retrieved
671:the original
661:
653:
649:
641:
637:
614:
610:
606:
601:
583:
563:
536:
518:
482:Dou Huaizhen
477:
471:
469:
460:Lu Xiangxian
455:
451:
447:
444:
426:
422:
418:
414:
404:
374:
371:Libu Shilang
370:
363:
345:
309:Libu Shilang
308:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
271:
258:
226:
220:crown prince
217:
207:
184:Confucianism
179:
175:
171:
167:
145:
103:Tang dynasty
95:
88:
87:
61:
23:
17:
389:and nephew
366:Li Chongmao
360:Under Shang
313:Li Shangyin
274:Li Chongjun
255:Empress Wei
239:Huan Yanfan
235:Cui Xuanwei
196:Zhang Yizhi
760:713 deaths
755:671 births
749:Categories
719:, vol. 99.
709:, vol. 74.
677:2007-12-18
656:, vol. 99.
644:, vol. 74.
625:References
551:Cui Riyong
547:Zhang Shuo
440:Liu Youqiu
436:Zhang Shuo
431:Li Chongfu
247:Yuan Shuji
156:chancellor
152:Cui Renshi
142:Early life
111:chancellor
55:Chancellor
630:Citations
611:new canal
571:Guangdong
559:Gao Lishi
543:Wei Zhigu
502:Guangdong
498:Guangzhou
494:Guangdong
391:Li Longji
305:Zheng Yin
278:concubine
168:Zuo Bujue
107:Wu Zetian
74:Zhongzong
62:In office
729:, vols.
691:兩千年中西曆轉換
575:Jingzhou
506:Wang Jun
490:Zhaoqing
452:de facto
415:de facto
350:Shangluo
338:Xiangfan
318:Jiujiang
301:de facto
267:Chang'an
251:Wu Sansi
243:Jing Hui
188:Buddhism
96:Chenglan
567:Maoming
514:Guangxi
411:Shaanxi
354:Shaanxi
330:Jiangxi
322:Jiangxi
263:Lingnan
223:Li Xian
204:Li Jiao
178:(三教珠英,
172:Luantai
100:Chinese
89:Cui Shi
71:Monarch
66:709–713
38:Cui Shi
556:eunuch
549:, and
525:Xue Ji
510:Guilin
486:Cen Xi
484:, and
407:Weinan
395:Li Dan
383:regent
245:, and
192:Taoism
190:, and
617:took.
593:Notes
579:Hubei
342:Hubei
326:Ji'an
25:zh:崔適
19:zh:崔寔
585:the
554:the
438:and
381:and
198:and
137:Life
125:and
117:and
105:and
739:210
735:209
731:208
751::
737:,
733:,
577:,
569:,
512:,
500:,
492:,
409:,
352:,
340:,
328:,
320:,
241:,
237:,
233:,
186:,
45:崔湜
741:.
680:.
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