948:), as his wife and princess. Emperor Gaozong had often shown favors to Princess Changle, and this displeased Empress Wu. In 675, on account of this, she had Princess Zhao accused of crimes and put into solitary confinement at the bureau of eunuchs. She was given raw vegetables and raw meat for her to cook them herself. However, sometime later, the kitchen stopped to have smoke and steam come out of it, and when Empress Wu had her confinement house opened, Princess Zhao was seen dead inside, having starved to death. Empress Wu also demoted Zhao Gui to be the prefect of Kuo Prefecture (括州, roughly modern
1110:, and he was very impressed by Empress Wei, and she told him: "You are the Son of Heaven. Why do you have to listen to the Empress Dowager in everything? Do you want to be a puppet emperor?" Emperor Zhongzong felt that what the empress said was reasonable, but there was nothing he could do about it, Empress Wei went on to say: "For now, only by vigorously promoting your own people and cultivating your own power can you compete with the Empress Dowager and formally her government." He was impressed by her words, and wanted to make his father-in-law, Wei Xuanzhen (
1141:
summoned the officials and generals and issued an edict deposing
Emperor Zhongzong and reducing to the title of Prince of Luling. As generals loyal to her physically removed Emperor Zhongzong from the throne, he struggled and asked, "What crime have I committed?" Empress Dowager Wu responded, "You wanted to give the empire to Wei Xuanzhen. How can that not be a crime?" She had him put under arrest, and she made Li Lun (now named Li Dan), Prince of Yu, the new emperor (as Emperor Ruizong) on 27 February. Li Chongzhao was reduced to commoner rank.
1563:) that Empress Wei was committing adultery, and that her partisans, including Li Guo'er, her new husband Wu Yanxiu (武延秀, a grandnephew of Wu Zetian), and Zong Chuke, were planning to overthrow the Tang dynasty. Emperor Zhongzong ordered Lang executed, but became displeased when Zong had Yan killed without Emperor Zhongzong having decided to do so. This caused Empress Wei and her partisans to begin to become apprehensive. Empress Wei was, meanwhile, having affairs with the officials Ma Qinke (
932:), which, however, when Emperor Gaozong read it, caused Emperor Gaozong to be angry, as he believed this would cause discord between his sons, and therefore expelled Wang from the Pei mansion. However, in 674, a similar incident happened by Emperor Gaozong's own instigation—as, at an imperial feast, he divided the imperial musicians into two teams and had Li Xián and Li Xiǎn lead the two teams in competition—although he stopped when the
834:), and during the reign of his father, Emperor Zhongzong's mother Empress Wu, not Emperor Gaozong, was in actual control of power as empress consort and power behind the emperor. He succeeded his father in 684, But as emperor, he had no true power, and all authority remained in the firm hands of his mother, Empress Dowager Wu. His mother, however, deposed him less than two months later in favor of his younger brother
32:
1575:). She wanted to be Empress Regnant like Wu Zetian, and Li Guo'er wanted to be crown princess—a request that Emperor Zhongzong had repeatedly rebuffed. According to traditional historians, they thus decided to have Emperor Zhongzong killed. They accomplished this by putting poison in a cake, and after Emperor Zhongzong ate the cake, he died on 3 July, 710.
1347:
restored, became the most major, powerful and dominant figure at court, along with her daughter Li Guo'er, who now carried the title of
Princess Anle and formed a faction that wielded strong control over the court and consolidated her power. The only mother-daughter rival for dominate the emperor's grace and power was the Emperor Zhongzong's sister,
846:
place. On 20 February 705, a palace coup deposed Wu Zetian and
Emperor Zhongzong was restored as emperor three days later. Emperor Zhongzong reigned for five years but was a totally weak, carefree, cowardly, shy, henpecked weakling and easily influenced ruler. Thus, real power was in the hands of his empress consort,
1586:
the Prince of Linzi rose in rebellion and killed
Empress Wei and Li Guo'er. Subsequently, Li Dan took the throne again, displacing Emperor Shang. Shortly thereafter, Emperor Zhongzong was buried in an imperial burial. As Empress Wei was considered unsuitable to be buried with him, Emperor Ruizong was
1161:
had been placed after Li Tai was deposed in 643. (Subsequently, in 685, he was moved back to Fang
Prefecture.) On the way to exile, Princess Wei gave birth to a daughter. There was nothing to wrap the baby with, so Li Zhe took off his own shirt and wrapped the baby in it. To commemorate this, the
1368:
the Prince of Qiao (born of a concubine), falsely accused Li
Chongfu of being complicit in Li Chongrun's death. Emperor Zhongzong demoted Li Chongfu out of the capital to serve as a prefectural prefect, under heavy guard. Emperor Zhongzong initially offered the crown prince position to Li Dan, but
1100:
are in charge of assisting the emperor, every important issue should be discussed with the
Empress of Heaven, and done by arbitration her. If there is something in the army and government that can't be decided quickly, then the decision is the responsibility of the Empress of Heaven, and the emperor
3122:
However, some modern historians, based on the text on Li
Xianhui's tombstone (written after Emperor Zhongzong was restored to the throne in 705), which suggested that she died the day after her brother and her husband and that she was pregnant at death, and the fact that the skeleton believed to be
1263:
to advocate the same. Wu Zetian finally agreed, and in 698 recalled Li Zhe and his family back to
Luoyang, then the capital. Shortly thereafter, Li Dan offered to yield the crown prince position to Li Zhe, and Wu Zetian agreed, creating Li Zhe crown prince on 24 October, demoting Li Dan to the rank
1063:
In 683, Emperor
Gaozong became ill at Luoyang, and he summoned Li Zhe to Luoyang, leaving Li Chongrun nominally in charge of Chang'an, assisted by Liu. After Li Zhe arrived at Luoyang, Emperor Gaozong transferred imperial powers to him (probably on the advice of Empress Wu), and soon died. Li Zhe
862:
was able to make decisions, although he did it slowly in government affairs, but various debilitating diseases until his death became the main reason for handing over power to his wife Empress Wu. In contrast, Emperor Zhongzong likely had depression due to his long duration under house arrest; this
845:
By 698, the court was caught in the middle of a bitter power struggle. In an attempt to secure her prominence, Empress Wu liberated the former emperor from his 14 years of seclusion and recalled him to the capital in April 698. He was reinstated as crown prince in October 698, taking his brother's
1376:
The coup leaders, meanwhile, were trying to curb Wu Sansi's rise, but in turn, Wu Sansi and Empress Wei repeatedly warned Emperor Zhongzong that the coup leaders were overly powerful and dangerous. In fall 705, Emperor Zhongzong agreed, and created the coup leaders princes under guise of honoring
1326:
Zhang Yizhi and Zhang Changzong committed treason. Following the orders of the Crown Prince, we have executed them. Because we were afraid that the secret would be leaked, we did not dare to first report to Your Imperial Majesty. We are guilty of the great disrespect of moving troops within the
1132:
an official of the fifth rank. Pei Yan resisted both commissions, and Pei told him: "Although Wei Xuanzhen is your wife's father, he has been promoted too fast, and I'm afraid it will be difficult to convince the public.". As they argued, Emperor Zhongzong, in anger, remarked, "What would be wrong
1105:
During the mourning period, Pei Yan proposed that the throne be temporarily entrusted to Empress Wu, who was now the empress dowager, until the new emperor's reign and their responsibilities began, as provided for in Emperor Gaozong's will. After the end of mourning, Empress Dowager Wu handed over
1346:
Emperor Zhongzong once again ascended to the throne, which is different from the first time he was a puppet. This time he truly mastered the power and quickly used it handily. Once restored, Emperor Zhongzong initially put the five coup leaders in prominent positions. However, Empress Wei, once
1321:
and Li Dan (李湛, note different character than the Prince of Xiang) to join the plot. With agreement from Li Xiǎn as well, the coup leaders acted on 20 February, killing Zhang Yizhi and Zhang Changzong, and then surrounding Wu Zetian. She, in fear, asked, "Who is disturbing me?" Zhang Jianzhi
1140:
Pei, in fear, informed Empress Dowager Wu, and she was angry to hear this and said, "This apostate boy treats the Tang Dynasty like a childish game, and it forces me to erase a disaster from the world." Just less than two months after Emperor Zhongzong had taken the throne, Empress Dowager Wu
1025:, Empress Wu rarely allowed anyone to meet with Emperor Gaozong, and all important matters were resolved in the Central Palace (the residence of the empresses), he had Li Zhe briefly exercise imperial powers, also, the chancellors aligned with Empress Wu were also responsible for helping him.
1363:
the Prince of Liang. Under her introduction, Empress Wei and Wu Sansi also soon started having an affair. With Consort Shangguan's and Empress Wei's influence, Wu Sansi became a powerful and trusted advisor to Emperor Zhongzong. Meanwhile, Empress Wei, disliking Emperor Zhongzong's oldest
1387:
In spring 706, after Emperor Zhongzong's son-in-law Wang Tongjiao (王同皎, husband of Princess Ding'an), who despised Empress Wei and Wu Sansi, was accused of plotting to kill Wu Sansi and depose Empress Wei, Wang and his alleged coconspirators were executed, and subsequently, Wu Sansi and his
1428:) the Prince of Tianshui. They attacked Wu Sansi's mansion and killed Wu Sansi and Wu Chongxun, and then marched on to the palace, trying to seize Consort Shangguan, Empress Wei, and Li Guo'er. The rebels hesitated at attacking the palace, and the imperial guards fought back. After the
1587:
set to bury Emperor Zhongzong's first wife Princess Zhao, whom Emperor Zhongzong had posthumously honored an empress, with him, but Princess Zhao's body could no longer be located. Therefore, a ceremony was held in which her spirit was summoned to accompany Emperor Zhongzong in death.
1331:
Wu Zetian subsequently tried to have Li Xiǎn returned to the palace of the Crown Prince, but the coup leaders ignored her. While the coup leaders allowed Wu Zetian to retain the title of "emperor," they had her put under house arrest at the secondary palace Shangyang Palace
3123:
hers had a small pelvis, have proposed the theory that she was not ordered to commit suicide, but had, in grief over her brother's and husband's deaths, had either a miscarriage or a difficult birth and died from that. See, e.g., illustrations preceding the
1391:
In 707, Li Chongjun, angry that Li Guo'er and her husband Wu Chongxun (武崇訓, Wu Sansi's son) had repeatedly humiliated him and tried to get Li Guo'er created crown princess to displace him, rose in rebellion with Li Duozuo and the generals Li Sichong
1106:
the throne to Emperor Zhongzong, but she did not hand over the real power, "the great and small affairs of the state depended on the Empress Dowager's decision, not the Emperor's". Emperor Zhongzong, in spring 684, made his wife, Crown Princess Wei,
1060:. it was said that while Li Zhe was in charge of Chang'an, he often spent his time on games and hunting, and Xue often advised him against spending time in this manner. When Emperor Gaozong heard this, he rewarded Xue and summoned Xue to Luoyang.
1296:
In spring 705, Wu Zetian was seriously ill, and Zhang Yizhi and Zhang Changzong were attending to her and, at her direction, handling the major affairs of state, and there were rumors that they were seeking to displace Li Xiǎn. The chancellors
1268:
incursion on 26 October, it was said that as soon as he was named the commander, men swarmed to enlist. Before, less than 1000 men joined after more than a month of recruitment; the numbers swelled to more than 50000 after the announcement.
838:. The former emperor, demoted to a princely rank, was exiled to the provinces and placed under house arrest. Six years later, Emperor Ruizong relinquished the throne to his mother and Empress Dowager Wu officially proclaimed herself
1444:), and Emperor Zhongzong made a personal appeal to the coup forces, the coup forces turned against Li Chongjun, killing the generals commanding them. Li Chongjun fled but was killed in exile. Subsequently, the senior chancellor
1003:) assassinated, she had him investigated for treason, and subsequently, he was found guilty. He was reduced to commoner rank and exiled, and Li Zhe was created crown prince to replace him. Hao Chujun and another chancellor,
1479:), and Lady Zhao of Longxi. These women were openly accepting bribes, and were able to recommend a number of people to be officials, directly commissioned by Emperor Zhongzong without approval from the legislative (中書省,
1169:
Li Zhe was constantly in fear in exile, as Empress Dowager Wu had previously shown willingness to kill her own children—having forced Li Xián to commit suicide in 684 and having been rumored to have poisoned another son,
1293:) the Prince of Wei (Wu Zetian's grandnephew), were accused of secretly disparaging Wu Zetian's relationships with Zhang Yizhi and Zhang Changzong. In anger, Wu Zetian ordered the three of them to commit suicide.
1264:
of Prince of Xiang. She also changed his name back to Li Xiǎn, and subsequently changed his surname to Wu. Subsequently, when she named him the nominal commander of the forces defending against a major
1522:), Zhongjie, who was unable to prevail over Suoge, bribed Zong and Ji to persuade Emperor Zhongzong to prepare a joint attack against the Turgesh with the Tibetan Empire, despite counsel by the general
3649:
886:), son of the abdicated Emperor Ruizong, and overthrew Empress Wei and the young emperor. Emperor Ruizong, the father of Li Longji and the older brother of Princess Taiping, was restored as emperor.
1388:
associates accused Jing Hui, Huan Yanfan, Zhang Jianzhi, Yuan Shuji, and Cui Xuanwei of being complicit in Wang's plot. The five princes were exiled and subsequently died or were killed in exile.
1532:), who had been sent to assist Zhongjie. Subsequently, after Emperor Zhongzong recognized Suoge's authority over the Turgesh tribes, hostility ceased, and Suoge again became a Tang vassal.
982:
In 677, Li Xiǎn had his title changed to Prince of Ying. His name was also changed to Li Zhe. He was also made the prefect of the capital prefecture Yong Prefecture (雍州, roughly modern
2913:
indicated that it was Li Chongzhao who was left in charge, and as Li Chongzhao's position was higher than Li Chongfu's, it appeared more likely that Li Chongzhao was in charge. See
956:) and ordered Princess Changle to accompany her husband to Kuo Prefecture, and further ordered that neither Zhao Gui nor Princess Changle would be allowed to enter the palace.
1526:
against it. When Suoge heard this, he launched an attack preemptively, attacking several key Tang garrisons, capturing Zhongjie, and killing the Tang general Feng Jiabin (
1272:
In 699, fearing that after her death the Li and Wu clans would not be able to keep peace with each other, Wu Zetian had Li Xiǎn, Li Dan, Princess Taiping, and her husband
902:(later known as Wu Zetian). In 657, he was created the Prince of Zhou and nominally made the prefect of the eastern capital prefecture Luo Prefecture (洛州, roughly modern
1084:
After 7 days, the Crown Prince will sit on the throne in front of my coffin. In the case of the tomb regime, austerity policies must be maintained, and the chancellors
942:
Meanwhile, during the years that Li Xiǎn was the Prince of Zhou, he had married a daughter of his grandaunt the Princess Changle and her husband, the general Zhao Gui (
3613:
1469:(Emperor Zhongzong's and Empress Wei's older daughter), Empress Wei's sister Lady of Cheng, Consort Shangguan, Consort Shangguan's mother Lady Zheng of Pei, senior
1582:
the Prince of Wen, was named emperor, with Empress Wei retaining power as empress dowager and regent. Less than a month later, Princess Taiping and Li Dan's son
1194:
While Li Zhe was in exile, people who rebelled against or plotted against Empress Dowager Wu often used him as a symbol of their resistance. For example, when
815:
of China, ruling briefly in 684 and again from 705 to 710. During the first period, he did not have actual power, which was in the hands of his mother, Empress
3167:
day of the 1st month of the 1st year of the Shenglong era of Wu Zetian's/Tang Zhongzong's reign. This date corresponds to 20 Feb 705 on the Gregorian calendar.
3645:
49:
1198:
the Duke of Ying rose against Empress Dowager Wu later in 684, he declared that his goal was to restore Li Zhe. Other examples included Yang Chucheng (
1454:) had been forced to join the rebellion, was exiled and killed in exile at the instigation of two chancellors aligned with Empress Wei and Li Guo'er,
2859:
day of the 11th month of the 1st year of the Xianqing era of Tang Gaozong's reign. This date corresponds to 26 Nov 656 in the Gregorian calendar.
3410:
3527:
2761:
day of the 1st month of the 1st year of the Shenlong era of Wu Zetian's reign. This date corresponds to 23 Feb 705 in the Gregorian calendar.
1351:, who also had great favor with Emperor Zhongzong and was one of the most powerful women in the court. Also powerful was Wu Zetian's secretary
3629:
3035:
day of the 9th month of the 1st year of the Shengli era of Wu Zetian's reign. This date corresponds to 26 Oct 698 on the Gregorian calendar.
3012:
day of the 9th month of the 1st year of the Shengli era of Wu Zetian's reign. This date corresponds to 24 Oct 698 on the Gregorian calendar.
3688:
3683:
3678:
2669:
1380:
In winter 705, Wu Zetian died. Her "emperor" title was subsequently removed and empress title restored, and Emperor Zhongzong buried her at
3601:
3597:
3419:
3363:
3314:
1013:) to serve as an advisor, although Tian would later draw criticism from others for not having any actual good advice for the crown prince.
149:
3589:
819:
and he was overthrown on her orders after opposing his mother. During his second reign, most of the power was in the hands of his consort
3693:
2989:
day of the 2nd month of the 1st year of the Guangzhai era of his reign. This date corresponds to 27 Feb 684 in the Gregorian calendar.
1178:, he would consider committing suicide, fearing that they brought orders for even worse fates. Princess Wei would repeatedly tell him:
1128:) – the head of the examination bureau of government and a post considered one for a chancellor. He also wanted to make the son of his
96:
142:
3713:
2787:
day of the 6th month of the 4th year of the Jinglong era of his reign. This date corresponds to 3 Jul 710 in the Gregorian calendar.
68:
1338:) and forced her to yield the throne to Li Xiǎn, who was formerly emperor, and he was restored to the throne (as Emperor Zhongzong).
115:
3593:
3585:
75:
1384:, with his father Emperor Gaozong. (Also buried there were Emperor Zhongzong's brother Li Xián, Li Chongrun, and Li Xianhui.)
1260:
967:, the Prince of Xiang, were nominally put in charge of the two armies that were actually commanded by the generals Liu Shenli (
1213:
In 690, Empress Dowager Wu had Emperor Ruizong yield the throne to her, and she took the throne as "empress regnant" of a new
878:
and who was only 16 years old, would be easy to control and allow her to preserve her power. The scheme failed, however, when
769:
693:
617:
541:
53:
3703:
82:
3625:
1166:(Guo'er meaning "the child that was wrapped"). Li Zhe and Princess Wei both greatly favored this child born in distress.
1080:
After the death of Emperor Gaozong, Emperor Zhongzong ascended the throne, leaving a will on his deathbed which stated:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3094:, meanwhile, inconsistently asserted in the chronicles of Wu Zetian's reign that he was forced to commit suicide. See
3071:
2900:
3403:
64:
3194:
referred to him as Ashina Zhongjie (阿史那忠節). Quechuo corresponds to the Turkic title Kül Čor, rather than a clan name.
1214:
222:
3372:
1910:
1036:. Emperor Gaozong was pleased, and he created Li Chongzhao the unprecedented title of "Deputy Crown Prince" (皇太孫,
1029:
933:
847:
820:
303:
253:
237:
1157:), and then Jun Prefecture (均州, also in modern Shiyan), to be held under house arrest at the house that his uncle
42:
3708:
1283:
for Wu Zetian (whose personal name was Wu Zhao) and now carrying the title of Prince of Shao), Li Zhe's daughter
1149:
Empress Dowager Wu soon ordered that Li Zhe and his family first be delivered to Fang Prefecture (房州, in modern
3577:
3542:
3512:
3502:
3497:
3477:
1583:
883:
866:
In 710, Emperor Zhongzong died, allegedly poisoned by Empress Wei, who then installed his son, Li Chongmao, as
1243:, Sun issued a declaration questioning why Wu Zetian was keeping Li Zhe in exile. Thereafter, the chancellor
3220:
3111:
3087:
2926:
3569:
3517:
3487:
3471:
3450:
3440:
3435:
3331:
3307:
2872:
Tonal signs for his original name are used in this section only to disambiguate between him and his brother
2674:
2332:
2274:
1765:
1601:
1487:) bureaus. The civil service system was said to be overrun with corruption and running into near collapse.
1429:
964:
895:
859:
835:
827:
448:
182:
167:
3079:
2918:
3641:
3637:
3633:
3621:
3617:
3609:
3573:
3537:
3532:
3522:
3507:
3492:
3482:
3396:
1885:
1819:
997:, had lost Empress Wu's favor. After she suspected him of having had her trusted sorcerer Ming Chongyan (
3208:
3142:
gave the text for her tombstone, but did not give an external link corroborating the text in the article.
3099:
2938:
2828:
1182:
There is no set pattern to bad and good fortune. Since we will all die one day anyway, why hasten death?
3605:
3581:
3565:
3466:
3430:
3380:
2248:
2113:
1579:
1462:. However, attempts by Empress Wei's party to implicate Li Dan and Princess Taiping were unsuccessful.
867:
328:
233:
2809:
His name reverted to Xian when he was reinstated as crown prince in October 698. This name became his
2751:
Restored as emperor three days after the coup that put an end to his mother's power. Volume 207 of the
1007:, were made his senior advisors. Emperor Gaozong also recruited the famed hermit scholar Tian Youyan (
89:
1064:
took the throne (as Emperor Zhongzong), but actual powers were entire in the hands of Empress Wu, now
3135:
882:, the sister of Emperor Zhongzong, launched a coup two weeks later with her nephew Li Longji (later
3673:
3668:
2070:
1597:
1352:
360:
3698:
3547:
1934:
1466:
1381:
373:
332:
20:
311:
3340:
3215:
3203:
3190:
3178:
3159:
3062:
3056:
2905:
2873:
2851:
2823:
2779:
2391:
1986:
1348:
1186:
At this point, they were deeply in love with each other, and at another point, he told her:
1121:
949:
911:
879:
808:
741:
716:
665:
640:
589:
564:
513:
480:
336:
2933:
did, elsewhere, indicate that Li Chongfu, not Li Chongzhao, was nominally in charge. See
2738:
era of Tang Ruizong's reign. This date corresponds to 23 Jan 684 in the Julian calendar.
1470:
1065:
487:
383:
2707:
era of Tang Gaozong's reign. This date corresponds to 3 Jan 684 in the Julian calendar.
1539:
the Prince of Yong (Li Xián's son), to the Tibetan Empire to be married to its emperor,
3226:
3184:
3153:
3139:
3066:
asserted in his biographies that he was caned to death on Wu Zetian's orders. Compare
3050:
3027:
3004:
2981:
2966:
2951:
2887:
2753:
2722:
2695:
1465:
Meanwhile, the court was dominated by a number of powerful women, including Li Guo'er,
1265:
960:
915:
1217:, interrupting Tang. She created Emperor Ruizong crown prince with the unusual title
3662:
2306:
2019:
1855:
1849:
1807:
1795:
1753:
1741:
1674:
1445:
1298:
1248:
1236:
1163:
1107:
871:
855:
839:
340:
1535:
In spring 710, Emperor Zhongzong sent Princess Jincheng, the daughter of his nephew
1174:, in 675—and whenever there would be imperial messengers arriving from then-capital
3346:
3278:
2810:
1873:
1735:
1692:
1686:
1523:
1280:
1093:
1057:
994:
919:
812:
748:
672:
596:
520:
438:
366:
356:
874:, as heir to Emperor Zhongzong, thought that Li Chongmao, born of Zhongzong and a
1516:), was challenged by Wuzhile's subordinate Kül Čor (Quechuo 闕啜) Ashina Zhongjie (
2102:
1922:
1801:
1789:
1777:
1717:
1698:
1680:
1370:
1310:
1302:
1252:
1240:
1097:
1052:, leaving Li Zhe in charge of Chang'an, assisted by the chancellors Liu Rengui,
1045:
1033:
723:
647:
571:
426:
405:
324:
316:
31:
3388:
3008:
recorded that Zhongzong was made crown prince and had his name restored on the
1190:
If we will see the light of day again, I will not stop you from doing anything.
2892:
2091:
2057:
2011:
1837:
1825:
1813:
1759:
1729:
1656:
1455:
1365:
1314:
1284:
1133:
even if I gave the empire to Wei Xuanzhen? Why would I begrudge the title of
1089:
1004:
936:
320:
2742:, vol. 203; Wu then made Zhongzong's brother Ruizong her next puppet emperor.
1317:
plotted to overthrow her and the Zhang brothers. They persuaded the generals
3455:
3323:
2727:
2559:
2504:
1747:
1723:
1711:
1668:
1540:
1536:
1356:
1318:
1244:
1195:
1129:
1041:
899:
875:
831:
816:
762:
686:
610:
534:
458:
218:
197:
186:
171:
141:
1551:
Meanwhile, there had been accusations made by individuals such as Lang Ji (
1021:
In 681, after Emperor Gaozong had become ill after consuming pills made by
2891:
indicated that the son of Li Zhe left nominally in charge of Chang'an was
2044:
1861:
1843:
1783:
1771:
1459:
1360:
1306:
1273:
983:
953:
851:
246:
2067:
Noble Consort Zheng, of the Zheng clan (郑贵妃 郑氏), personal name Pusi (普思)
3125:
1879:
1867:
1662:
1507:
1175:
1171:
1085:
1053:
1049:
1022:
987:
903:
433:
421:
870:. Empress Wei, who had failed to install her daughter Li Guo'er, the
1831:
1247:
often counseled Wu Zetian to recall Li Zhe, which fellow chancellors
1158:
1150:
1069:
963:
attacked Tang's western prefectures, Li Xiǎn and his younger brother
979:), but neither Li Xiǎn nor Li Lun actually set out with the troops.
1497:
1256:
1154:
907:
1231:
Second stint as crown prince in the reign of his mother Wu Zetian
3054:
asserted that Li Chongrun was forced to commit suicide, but the
2699:
recorded that Zhongzong was made emperor under Wu Zetian on the
1076:
First reign: under Empress Dowager Wu's regency and dethronement
3392:
898:
and the third son of his mother, Emperor Gaozong's second wife
2985:
recorded that Ruizong was made emperor under Wu Zetian on the
25:
2783:, he was poisoned, aged 55 (by East Asian reckoning), on the
2105:, Crown Prince Jiemin (節愍皇太子 李重俊／节愍皇太子李重俊; d. 707), third son
1048:), Emperor Gaozong took up residence at the eastern capital
863:
encouraged him to hand over power to his wife and daughter.
1369:
after Li Dan declined, created another son by a concubine,
3106:
merely stated that the three of them "were killed." See
894:
Li Xiǎn was born in 656, as the seventh son of his father
3188:, referred to this person as Quechuo Zhongjie, while the
1287:
the Princess Yongtai, and Li Xianhui's husband Wu Yanji (
774:
698:
622:
546:
2964:(宣太后令，废中宗为庐陵王，扶下殿。中宗曰：“我何罪？”太后曰：“汝欲以天下与韦玄贞，何得无罪！乃幽于别所。)
2949:(中宗欲以韦玄贞为侍中，又欲授乳母之子五品官；裴炎固争，中宗怒曰：“我以天下与韦玄贞，何不可！而惜侍中邪！”)
1377:
them, but removed them from their chancellor positions.
1359:, who was also having an affair with Wu Zetian's nephew
1255:
also agreed with. Further, Wu Zetian's close associate
1210:) the Duke of Poyang (Emperor Gaozong's cousin) in 689.
1279:
In 701, Li Chongzhao (now named Li Chongrun to observe
918:
on staff, the princes were apparently often engaged in
914:
the Prince of Pei had the literarily-talented official
858:. He was relatively similar to his father. Of course,
2840:
Final version of his posthumous name as given in 754.
854:(Wu Zetian's nephew) and his daughter Li Guo'er, the
753:
677:
601:
525:
1416:), along with Emperor Zhongzong's cousin Li Qianli (
3163:recorded that the Shenglong Coup took place on the
1578:Initially, Emperor Zhongzong's son by a concubine,
1259:also advocated it and further persuaded her lovers
1227:), and initially, Li Zhe's status was not changed.
768:
761:
747:
740:
735:
715:
710:
692:
685:
671:
664:
659:
639:
634:
616:
609:
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244:
229:
211:
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178:
163:
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130:
56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3031:recorded that Zhongzong was made commander on the
2757:recorded that Zhongzong assumed the throne on the
2726:recorded that Zhongzong was deposed by his mother
1952:; 675–724), and had issue (two sons, one daughter)
1276:(Wu Zetian's nephew) swear an oath to each other.
2094:, Prince Qiao (譙王 李重福／谯王 李重福; 680–710), first son
1635:(神龍 shén lóng) 705–707 (inherited from Wu Zetian)
1422:) the Prince of Cheng and Li Qianli's son LI Xi (
1324:
1188:
1180:
1082:
842:, while Emperor Ruizong was made crown prince.
2173:Married Wang Tongjiao of Langya, Duke Langya (
2116:, Emperor Shang (殇皇帝 李重茂; 695–714), fourth son
1946:Married Yang Shenjiao of Hongnong, Duke Guan (
922:. Wang Bo wrote a playful piece entitled the
795:(26 November 656 – 3 July 710), personal name
3404:
3102:. The chronicles of Wu Zetian's reign in the
2703:day of the 12th month of the 1st year of the
2212:
2203:
2192:
2183:
2174:
2165:
2154:
2145:
2134:
2125:
2080:
2074:
2051:
2038:
2029:
2023:
2005:
1996:
1990:
1976:
1975:Married Wei Hui of Jingzhao, Duke Pengcheng (
1967:
1956:
1947:
1938:
1926:
1914:
1902:
1570:
1564:
1558:
1552:
1527:
1517:
1511:
1501:
1491:
1474:
1449:
1439:
1433:
1423:
1417:
1411:
1405:
1399:
1393:
1333:
1288:
1222:
1205:
1199:
1111:
1008:
998:
974:
968:
943:
927:
924:Declaration Against the Prince of Zhou's Cock
721:
645:
569:
485:
8:
2734:day of the 2nd month of the 1st year of the
1473:Chai and Helou, the sorceress Diwu Ying'er (
1327:palace, and should be executed 10,000 times.
1044:region (i.e., the region around the capital
1040:). Later that year, due to a famine in the
16:4th Emperor of Tang China (r. 684, 705–710)
3411:
3397:
3389:
3269:
2849:According to Zhongzong's biography in the
2813:name when he reascended the throne in 705.
2777:According to Zhongzong's biography in the
2230:
1543:, cementing peace between the two states.
732:
656:
580:
504:
140:
127:
3157:and Wu Zetian's biography in volume 4 of
1438:) killed Li Duozuo's son-in-law Ye Huli (
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
1342:Second reign: under Empress Wei's shadow
1075:
3134:, vol. 49. It may be notable that the
2773:
2771:
2686:
2217:; d. 710), and had issue (one daughter)
939:pointed out the potential for rivalry.
2462:
2458:
2448:
2349:
2239:
2235:
465:
347:
2800:His name was changed into Zhe in 677.
2670:Chinese emperors family tree (middle)
2620:
2617:
2607:
2594:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2564:
2558:
2548:
2535:
2525:
2521:
2509:
2503:
2493:
2480:
2470:
2466:
2445:
2435:
2422:
2412:
2408:
2396:
2390:
2380:
2367:
2357:
2353:
2337:
2331:
2321:
2305:
2295:
2291:
2279:
2273:
2263:
2247:
2243:
2153:Married Pei Xun of Hedong, Duke Wei (
1506:), who had just succeeded his father
7:
1907:; d. 675), first cousin once removed
1322:responded, in a formalistic manner:
54:adding citations to reliable sources
2446:Emperor Zhongzong of Tang (656–710)
2179:; 671–706), and had issue (one son)
1995:; 685–701), personal name Xianhui (
1355:, whom Emperor Zhongzong took as a
910:). In 661, when his older brother
2188:; d. 710), and had issue (one son)
2079:; 664–710), personal name Wan'er (
2028:; 685–710), personal name Guo'er (
1490:In winter 708, after the Turgesh (
14:
826:Emperor Zhongzong was the son of
1901:Empress Hesi, of the Zhao clan (
1162:daughter was subsequently named
30:
2618:Lady Yang of Hongnong (579–670)
1913:, of the Wei clan of Jingzhao (
1261:Zhang Yizhi and Zhang Changzong
830:and Empress Wu (later known as
775:
699:
623:
547:
159:3 January 684 – 26 February 684
41:needs additional citations for
2895:the Prince of Tangchang. See
2182:Married Wei Zhuo of Jingzhao (
2133:Married Wu Yanhui, Duke Chen (
2110:Lady, of a certain clan (姓不详)
2099:Lady, of a certain clan (姓不详)
2088:Lady, of a certain clan (姓不详)
1591:In fiction and popular culture
1571:
1565:
1528:
1512:
1434:
1334:
1200:
1028:In 682, Li Zhe's second wife,
993:By 680, Li Xián, who was then
969:
944:
754:
722:
678:
646:
602:
570:
526:
486:
371:later back to Li (changed 705)
1:
3614:5 Dynasties & 10 Kingdoms
2211:Married Wei Jie of Jingzhao (
2056:; 685–710), the sixth son of
2010:; 679–701), the first son of
1305:, along with other officials
807:, was the fourth and seventh
499:"Middle Ancestor of the Tang"
3689:8th-century Chinese monarchs
3684:7th-century Chinese monarchs
3679:Emperors of the Tang dynasty
3420:Emperors of the Tang dynasty
2191:Married Cui Xian of Boling (
207:23 February 705 – 3 July 710
3364:Emperor of the Tang dynasty
3315:Emperor of the Tang dynasty
1239:incursion, led by the khan
1017:First stint as crown prince
378:then later back to Xian (顯)
150:Emperor of the Tang dynasty
65:"Emperor Zhongzong of Tang"
3730:
3694:Murdered emperors of China
3358:None (dynasty interrupted)
3274:Emperor Zhongzong of Tang
2460:
2343:
2237:
2170:; d. 733), third daughter
2139:), and had issue (one son)
376:: Xian (顯), later Zhe (哲),
221:as empress regnant of the
18:
3714:Sons of empresses regnant
3563:
3554:
3426:
3377:
3361:
3355:
3338:
3328:
3312:
3304:
3299:
3272:
2601:
2582:
2578:
2570:
2542:
2523:
2515:
2487:
2468:
2464:
2429:
2410:
2402:
2374:
2355:
2351:
2315:
2293:
2285:
2257:
2241:
2213:
2204:
2193:
2184:
2175:
2166:
2155:
2146:
2135:
2126:
2081:
2075:
2073:, of the Shangguan clan (
2071:Second Imperial Concubine
2060:, and had issue (one son)
2052:
2047:, and had issue (one son)
2039:
2030:
2024:
2006:
1997:
1991:
1977:
1968:
1957:
1948:
1939:
1927:
1915:
1903:
1559:
1553:
1518:
1502:
1492:
1475:
1450:
1440:
1424:
1418:
1412:
1406:
1400:
1394:
1289:
1223:
1206:
1125:
1112:
1009:
999:
975:
928:
793:Emperor Zhongzong of Tang
786:
731:
655:
579:
503:
475:
411:
389:
355:
346:
139:
131:Emperor Zhongzong of Tang
2368:Zhangsun Sheng (552–609)
1646:Chancellors during reign
1483:) and examination (門下省,
19:Not to be confused with
3332:Emperor Ruizong of Tang
3308:Emperor Gaozong of Tang
3136:Chinese Knowledge (XXG)
2675:Small Wild Goose Pagoda
2333:Emperor Gaozong of Tang
2275:Emperor Taizong of Tang
1714:(705, 705–706, 709–710)
1602:The Greatness of a Hero
1448:, whose son Wei Sheng (
1410:), and Shazha Zhongyi (
1235:In 697, during a major
1032:, gave birth to a son,
828:Emperor Gaozong of Tang
400:Dazhao Xiao (大和大聖大昭孝皇帝)
1931:; 682–701), second son
1641:(景龍 jǐng lóng) 707–710
1341:
1329:
1192:
1184:
1103:
3381:Emperor Shang of Tang
2903:. However, both the
2855:, he was born on the
2249:Emperor Gaozu of Tang
2043:; 683–707), a son of
2037:Married Wu Chongxun (
1925:, Crown Prince Yide (
1204:) in 687 and Li Yin (
799:, and at other times
393:Emperor Xiaohe (孝和皇帝)
2001:), seventh daughter
1897:Consorts and Issue:
398:Emperor Dahe Dasheng
304:Lady Wei of Jingzhao
50:improve this article
3151:Both volume 207 of
2202:Princess Cheng'an (
2150:), second daughter
2050:Married Wu Yanxiu (
2034:), eighth daughter
1966:Princess Yongshou (
1943:), fourth daughter
1928:懿德皇太子 李重潤／懿德皇太子 李重润
1557:) and Yan Qinrong (
290:Ding Mausoleum (定陵)
3324:Empress Dowager Wu
3182:, followed by the
3025:Volume 206 of the
3002:Volume 206 of the
2979:Volume 203 of the
2720:Volume 203 of the
2693:Volume 203 of the
2208:), sixth daughter
2164:Princess Ding'an (
2144:Princess Yicheng (
2130:), first daughter
2004:Married Wu Yanji (
1972:), fifth daughter
1955:Married Su Yanbo (
1935:Princess Changning
1834:(706–707, 709–710)
1738:(705–706, 709–710)
1467:Princess Changning
1398:), Li Chengkuang (
1030:Crown Princess Wei
333:Princess Changning
21:Jungjong of Joseon
3704:People from Xi'an
3656:
3655:
3387:
3386:
3378:Succeeded by
3329:Succeeded by
2955:vol. 203, p. 6417
2660:
2659:
2595:Yang Da (548–612)
2423:Lady Gao of Bohai
2159:; 672–726) in 698
1622:(嗣聖 sì shèng) 684
1471:ladies in waiting
973:) and Qibi Heli (
959:In 676, when the
790:
789:
782:
781:
770:Yale Romanization
742:Standard Mandarin
706:
705:
694:Yale Romanization
666:Standard Mandarin
630:
629:
618:Yale Romanization
590:Standard Mandarin
554:
553:
542:Yale Romanization
514:Standard Mandarin
464:
463:
416:
415:
126:
125:
118:
100:
3721:
3709:Sons of emperors
3558:
3413:
3406:
3399:
3390:
3356:Preceded by
3341:Emperor of China
3305:Preceded by
3295:
3288:
3270:
3216:New Book of Tang
3204:Old Book of Tang
3195:
3191:Old Book of Tang
3179:New Book of Tang
3174:
3168:
3160:New Book of Tang
3149:
3143:
3120:
3114:
3108:New Book of Tang
3104:New Book of Tang
3096:Old Book of Tang
3092:Old Book of Tang
3084:New Book of Tang
3076:Old Book of Tang
3063:New Book of Tang
3057:Old Book of Tang
3046:
3040:
3023:
3017:
3000:
2994:
2977:
2971:
2962:
2956:
2947:
2941:
2935:Old Book of Tang
2931:Old Book of Tang
2923:New Book of Tang
2915:Old Book of Tang
2911:New Book of Tang
2906:Old Book of Tang
2883:
2877:
2870:
2864:
2861:Old Book of Tang
2852:Old Book of Tang
2847:
2841:
2838:
2832:
2824:Old Book of Tang
2820:
2814:
2807:
2801:
2798:
2792:
2789:Old Book of Tang
2780:Old Book of Tang
2775:
2766:
2749:
2743:
2718:
2712:
2691:
2231:
2216:
2215:
2207:
2206:
2196:
2195:
2187:
2186:
2178:
2177:
2169:
2168:
2158:
2157:
2149:
2148:
2138:
2137:
2129:
2128:
2124:Princess Xindu (
2084:
2083:
2078:
2077:
2055:
2054:
2042:
2041:
2033:
2032:
2027:
2026:
2009:
2008:
2000:
1999:
1994:
1993:
1987:Princess Yongtai
1980:
1979:
1971:
1970:
1960:
1959:
1951:
1950:
1942:
1941:
1930:
1929:
1918:
1917:
1906:
1905:
1574:
1573:
1569:) and Yang Jun (
1568:
1567:
1562:
1561:
1556:
1555:
1531:
1530:
1521:
1520:
1515:
1514:
1505:
1504:
1495:
1494:
1478:
1477:
1453:
1452:
1443:
1442:
1437:
1436:
1427:
1426:
1421:
1420:
1415:
1414:
1409:
1408:
1403:
1402:
1397:
1396:
1373:, crown prince.
1353:Shangguan Wan'er
1349:Princess Taiping
1337:
1336:
1292:
1291:
1226:
1225:
1209:
1208:
1203:
1202:
1127:
1115:
1114:
1012:
1011:
1002:
1001:
978:
977:
972:
971:
947:
946:
931:
930:
884:Emperor Xuanzong
880:Princess Taiping
778:
777:
757:
756:
733:
727:
726:
702:
701:
681:
680:
657:
651:
650:
626:
625:
605:
604:
581:
575:
574:
550:
549:
529:
528:
505:
491:
490:
466:
348:
337:Princess Yongtai
280:
215:Dynasty restored
144:
135:
128:
121:
114:
110:
107:
101:
99:
58:
34:
26:
3729:
3728:
3724:
3723:
3722:
3720:
3719:
3718:
3659:
3658:
3657:
3652:
3559:
3556:
3552:
3422:
3417:
3383:
3369:
3367:
3359:
3350:
3344:
3334:
3320:
3318:
3310:
3289:
3287:26 November 656
3283:
3282:
3275:
3199:
3198:
3175:
3171:
3150:
3146:
3121:
3117:
3047:
3043:
3037:Zizhi Tiongjian
3024:
3020:
3014:Zizhi Tiongjian
3001:
2997:
2978:
2974:
2963:
2959:
2948:
2944:
2884:
2880:
2871:
2867:
2848:
2844:
2839:
2835:
2821:
2817:
2808:
2804:
2799:
2795:
2776:
2769:
2750:
2746:
2719:
2715:
2692:
2688:
2683:
2666:
2661:
2228:
1904:和思皇后 趙氏/和思皇后 赵氏
1895:
1708:
1653:
1648:
1629:
1616:
1611:
1593:
1549:
1404:), Dugu Yizhi (
1344:
1233:
1147:
1108:empress consort
1078:
1066:empress dowager
1019:
896:Emperor Gaozong
892:
860:Emperor Gaozong
840:empress regnant
836:Emperor Ruizong
496:Literal meaning
449:Emperor Gaozong
399:
394:
384:Posthumous name
377:
372:
370:
364:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
302:
300:
291:
278:
268:
267:26 November 656
223:Wu Zhou dynasty
216:
183:Emperor Ruizong
168:Emperor Gaozong
133:
132:
122:
111:
105:
102:
59:
57:
47:
35:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3727:
3725:
3717:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3661:
3660:
3654:
3653:
3564:
3561:
3560:
3555:
3553:
3551:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3469:
3464:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3427:
3424:
3423:
3418:
3416:
3415:
3408:
3401:
3393:
3385:
3384:
3379:
3376:
3360:
3357:
3353:
3352:
3336:
3335:
3330:
3327:
3311:
3306:
3302:
3301:
3300:Regnal titles
3297:
3296:
3276:
3273:
3268:
3267:
3227:Zizhi Tongjian
3223:
3212:
3197:
3196:
3185:Zizhi Tongjian
3169:
3154:Zizhi Tongjian
3144:
3132:Zizhi Tongjian
3115:
3068:Zizhi Tongjian
3051:Zizhi Tongjian
3041:
3028:Zizhi Tongjian
3018:
3005:Zizhi Tongjian
2995:
2991:Zizhi Tongjian
2982:Zizhi Tongjian
2972:
2967:Zizhi Tongjian
2957:
2952:Zizhi Tongjian
2942:
2897:Zizhi Tongjian
2888:Zizhi Tongjian
2878:
2865:
2842:
2833:
2815:
2802:
2793:
2767:
2763:Zizhi Tongjian
2754:Zizhi Tongjian
2744:
2740:Zizhi Tongjian
2723:Zizhi Tongjian
2713:
2709:Zizhi Tongjian
2696:Zizhi Tongjian
2685:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2678:
2677:
2672:
2665:
2662:
2658:
2657:
2655:
2653:
2651:
2649:
2647:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2639:
2637:
2635:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2613:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2596:
2593:
2590:
2589:
2586:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2579:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2560:Empress Zetian
2557:
2554:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2537:
2534:
2531:
2530:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2510:
2508:
2502:
2499:
2498:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2453:
2450:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2441:
2440:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2424:
2421:
2418:
2417:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2389:
2386:
2385:
2382:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2369:
2366:
2363:
2362:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2338:
2336:
2330:
2327:
2326:
2323:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2310:
2304:
2301:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2272:
2269:
2268:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2252:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2222:
2221:
2220:
2219:
2218:
2200:
2199:
2198:
2189:
2180:
2162:
2161:
2160:
2142:
2141:
2140:
2119:
2118:
2117:
2108:
2107:
2106:
2097:
2096:
2095:
2086:
2068:
2065:
2064:
2063:
2062:
2061:
2048:
2017:
2016:
2015:
1984:
1983:
1982:
1964:
1963:
1962:
1953:
1932:
1908:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1889:
1883:
1877:
1871:
1865:
1859:
1853:
1847:
1841:
1835:
1829:
1823:
1817:
1816:(705, 706–710)
1811:
1805:
1804:(705–706, 706)
1799:
1793:
1787:
1781:
1775:
1769:
1763:
1757:
1751:
1745:
1739:
1733:
1727:
1721:
1715:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1702:
1696:
1690:
1684:
1678:
1672:
1666:
1660:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1642:
1636:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1623:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1606:
1605:
1592:
1589:
1548:
1545:
1481:Zhongshu Sheng
1364:surviving son
1343:
1340:
1232:
1229:
1146:
1143:
1077:
1074:
1018:
1015:
961:Tibetan Empire
891:
888:
850:and her lover
788:
787:
784:
783:
780:
779:
772:
766:
765:
763:Yue: Cantonese
759:
758:
751:
745:
744:
738:
737:
736:Transcriptions
729:
728:
719:
713:
712:
708:
707:
704:
703:
696:
690:
689:
687:Yue: Cantonese
683:
682:
675:
669:
668:
662:
661:
660:Transcriptions
653:
652:
643:
637:
636:
632:
631:
628:
627:
620:
614:
613:
611:Yue: Cantonese
607:
606:
599:
593:
592:
586:
585:
584:Transcriptions
577:
576:
567:
561:
560:
556:
555:
552:
551:
548:Tòhng Jungjūng
544:
538:
537:
535:Yue: Cantonese
531:
530:
527:Táng Zhōngzōng
523:
517:
516:
510:
509:
508:Transcriptions
501:
500:
497:
493:
492:
483:
477:
476:
473:
472:
470:Tang Zhongzong
462:
461:
459:Empress Zetian
456:
452:
451:
446:
442:
441:
436:
430:
429:
424:
418:
417:
414:
413:
412:Zhōngzōng (中宗)
409:
408:
402:
401:
387:
386:
380:
379:
369:(changed 700),
353:
352:
344:
343:
314:
308:
307:
297:
293:
292:
289:
287:
283:
282:
281:(aged 53)
275:
271:
270:
265:
261:
260:
257:
256:
251:
242:
241:
231:
227:
226:
213:
209:
208:
205:
201:
200:
198:Empress Zetian
195:
191:
190:
187:Empress Zetian
180:
176:
175:
172:Empress Zetian
165:
161:
160:
157:
153:
152:
146:
145:
137:
136:
124:
123:
38:
36:
29:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3726:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3666:
3664:
3651:
3647:
3643:
3639:
3635:
3631:
3627:
3623:
3619:
3615:
3611:
3607:
3603:
3599:
3595:
3591:
3587:
3583:
3579:
3575:
3571:
3567:
3562:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3428:
3425:
3421:
3414:
3409:
3407:
3402:
3400:
3395:
3394:
3391:
3382:
3375:
3374:
3366:
3365:
3354:
3349:
3348:
3343:
3342:
3337:
3333:
3326:
3325:
3317:
3316:
3309:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3286:
3281:
3280:
3271:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3237:
3233:
3229:
3228:
3224:
3222:
3218:
3217:
3213:
3210:
3206:
3205:
3201:
3200:
3193:
3192:
3187:
3186:
3181:
3180:
3173:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3161:
3156:
3155:
3148:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3127:
3119:
3116:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3064:
3059:
3058:
3053:
3052:
3045:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3029:
3022:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3006:
2999:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2983:
2976:
2973:
2969:
2968:
2961:
2958:
2954:
2953:
2946:
2943:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2907:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2890:
2889:
2882:
2879:
2875:
2869:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2853:
2846:
2843:
2837:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2825:
2819:
2816:
2812:
2806:
2803:
2797:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2781:
2774:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2755:
2748:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2724:
2717:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2697:
2690:
2687:
2680:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2667:
2663:
2656:
2654:
2652:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2644:
2642:
2640:
2638:
2636:
2634:
2632:
2630:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2623:
2615:
2614:
2611:
2610:
2605:
2604:
2599:
2598:
2592:
2591:
2588:
2587:
2574:
2573:
2568:
2567:
2561:
2556:
2555:
2552:
2551:
2546:
2545:
2540:
2539:
2533:
2532:
2529:
2528:
2519:
2518:
2513:
2512:
2506:
2501:
2500:
2497:
2496:
2491:
2490:
2485:
2484:
2478:
2477:
2474:
2473:
2456:
2455:
2452:
2451:
2443:
2442:
2439:
2438:
2433:
2432:
2427:
2426:
2420:
2419:
2416:
2415:
2406:
2405:
2400:
2399:
2393:
2392:Empress Wende
2388:
2387:
2384:
2383:
2378:
2377:
2372:
2371:
2365:
2364:
2361:
2360:
2347:
2346:
2341:
2340:
2334:
2329:
2328:
2325:
2324:
2319:
2318:
2313:
2312:
2308:
2307:Empress Taimu
2303:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2289:
2288:
2283:
2282:
2276:
2271:
2270:
2267:
2266:
2261:
2260:
2255:
2254:
2250:
2245:
2233:
2232:
2225:
2210:
2209:
2201:
2190:
2181:
2172:
2171:
2163:
2152:
2151:
2143:
2132:
2131:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2115:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2104:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2093:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2059:
2049:
2046:
2036:
2035:
2021:
2020:Princess Anle
2018:
2013:
2003:
2002:
1988:
1985:
1974:
1973:
1965:
1954:
1949:弘農 楊慎交／弘弄 杨慎交
1945:
1944:
1936:
1933:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1912:
1909:
1900:
1899:
1898:
1892:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1856:Zhang Renyuan
1854:
1851:
1850:Xiao Zhizhong
1848:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1808:Doulu Qinwang
1806:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1796:Wei Yuanzhong
1794:
1791:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1754:Wei Chengqing
1752:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1742:Zhang Jianzhi
1740:
1737:
1734:
1731:
1728:
1725:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1705:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1675:Cen Changqian
1673:
1670:
1667:
1664:
1661:
1658:
1655:
1654:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1630:
1626:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1599:
1596:Portrayed by
1595:
1594:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1581:
1576:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1538:
1533:
1525:
1509:
1499:
1488:
1486:
1482:
1472:
1468:
1463:
1461:
1457:
1447:
1446:Wei Yuanzhong
1431:
1389:
1385:
1383:
1378:
1374:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1339:
1328:
1323:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1299:Zhang Jianzhi
1294:
1286:
1282:
1277:
1275:
1270:
1267:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1249:Wang Fangqing
1246:
1242:
1238:
1230:
1228:
1220:
1216:
1211:
1197:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1177:
1173:
1167:
1165:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1144:
1142:
1138:
1136:
1131:
1123:
1119:
1109:
1102:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1081:
1073:
1071:
1067:
1061:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1026:
1024:
1016:
1014:
1006:
996:
991:
989:
985:
980:
966:
962:
957:
955:
951:
940:
938:
935:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
889:
887:
885:
881:
877:
873:
872:Princess Anle
869:
868:Emperor Shang
864:
861:
857:
856:Princess Anle
853:
849:
843:
841:
837:
833:
829:
824:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
785:
773:
771:
767:
764:
760:
752:
750:
746:
743:
739:
734:
730:
725:
720:
718:
714:
709:
697:
695:
691:
688:
684:
676:
674:
670:
667:
663:
658:
654:
649:
644:
642:
638:
633:
621:
619:
615:
612:
608:
600:
598:
594:
591:
587:
582:
578:
573:
568:
566:
562:
557:
545:
543:
539:
536:
532:
524:
522:
518:
515:
511:
506:
502:
498:
494:
489:
484:
482:
478:
474:
471:
467:
460:
457:
453:
450:
447:
443:
440:
437:
435:
431:
428:
425:
423:
419:
410:
407:
403:
397:
392:
388:
385:
381:
375:
368:
362:
358:
354:
349:
345:
342:
341:Princess Anle
338:
334:
330:
329:Emperor Shang
326:
322:
318:
315:
313:
309:
305:
298:
294:
288:
284:
276:
272:
266:
262:
258:
255:
252:
249:
248:
243:
239:
235:
234:Emperor Shang
232:
228:
224:
220:
214:
210:
206:
202:
199:
196:
192:
188:
184:
181:
177:
173:
169:
166:
162:
158:
154:
151:
147:
143:
138:
129:
120:
117:
109:
98:
95:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67: –
66:
62:
61:Find sources:
55:
51:
45:
44:
39:This article
37:
33:
28:
27:
22:
3602:N. Dynasties
3598:S. Dynasties
3460:
3445:
3370:
3362:
3345:
3339:
3321:
3313:
3291:
3284:
3277:
3225:
3214:
3202:
3189:
3183:
3177:
3172:
3164:
3158:
3152:
3147:
3138:article for
3131:
3124:
3118:
3107:
3103:
3095:
3091:
3083:
3075:
3067:
3061:
3055:
3049:
3044:
3036:
3032:
3026:
3021:
3013:
3009:
3003:
2998:
2990:
2986:
2980:
2975:
2965:
2960:
2950:
2945:
2934:
2930:
2922:
2914:
2910:
2904:
2896:
2886:
2881:
2868:
2860:
2856:
2850:
2845:
2836:
2822:
2818:
2805:
2796:
2788:
2784:
2778:
2765:, vol. 207.
2762:
2758:
2752:
2747:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2721:
2716:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2694:
2689:
1916:皇后 京兆韋氏／京兆韦氏
1896:
1874:Zhao Yanzhao
1736:Tang Xiujing
1706:Second reign
1693:Liu Jingxian
1687:Wei Xuantong
1638:
1632:
1627:Second reign
1619:
1577:
1550:
1534:
1524:Guo Yuanzhen
1496:) chieftain
1489:
1485:Menxia Sheng
1484:
1480:
1464:
1390:
1386:
1379:
1375:
1345:
1330:
1325:
1295:
1281:naming taboo
1278:
1271:
1234:
1218:
1215:Zhou Dynasty
1212:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1168:
1148:
1139:
1134:
1117:
1104:
1101:stops !
1094:Liu Jingxian
1083:
1079:
1062:
1058:Xue Yuanchao
1038:Huang Taisun
1037:
1034:Li Chongzhao
1027:
1020:
995:crown prince
992:
981:
958:
941:
923:
920:cockfighting
893:
865:
844:
825:
813:Tang dynasty
804:
800:
796:
792:
791:
749:Hanyu Pinyin
673:Hanyu Pinyin
597:Hanyu Pinyin
521:Hanyu Pinyin
469:
395:
390:
299:Empress Hesi
245:
112:
103:
93:
86:
79:
72:
60:
48:Please help
43:verification
40:
3594:16 Kingdoms
3474:(2nd reign)
3463:(2nd reign)
3373:Empress Wei
3279:House of Li
3039:, vol. 206.
3016:, vol. 206.
2993:, vol. 203.
2711:, vol. 203.
2214:京兆 韋捷／京兆 韦捷
2194:博陵 崔銑／博陵 崔铣
2185:京兆 韋濯／京兆 韦濯
2156:河東 裴巽/河东 裴巽
2114:Li Chongmao
2103:Li Chongjun
1978:京兆 韋鐬／京兆 韦钺
1923:Li Chongrun
1802:Li Huaiyuan
1790:Zhu Qinming
1778:Huan Yanfan
1724:Yao Yuanzhi
1718:Cui Xuanwei
1699:Wei Hongmin
1681:Guo Zhengyi
1651:First reign
1614:First reign
1598:Raymond Cho
1580:Li Chongmao
1432:Yang Sixu (
1371:Li Chongjun
1311:Huan Yanfan
1303:Cui Xuanwei
1253:Wang Jishan
1241:Sun Wanrong
1098:Guo Zhengyi
848:Empress Wei
821:Empress Wei
406:Temple name
357:Family name
325:Li Chongjun
317:Li Chongrun
279:(710-07-03)
254:Empress Wei
240:'s regency)
238:Empress Wei
212:Predecessor
189:'s regency)
164:Predecessor
106:August 2014
3674:710 deaths
3669:656 births
3663:Categories
3586:3 Kingdoms
3294:3 July 710
3140:Li Xianhui
2893:Li Chongfu
2736:Guang'zhai
2728:Empress Wu
2681:References
2092:Li Chongfu
2058:Wu Chengsi
2012:Wu Chengsi
1919:; d. 710)
1838:Zong Chuke
1826:Yu Weiqian
1814:Wei Juyuan
1760:Yuan Shuji
1730:Yang Zaisi
1657:Liu Rengui
1456:Zong Chuke
1366:Li Chongfu
1315:Yuan Shuji
1285:Li Xianhui
1090:Liu Rengui
1023:alchemists
1005:Liu Rengui
937:Hao Chujun
934:chancellor
900:Empress Wu
890:Background
374:Given name
321:Li Chongfu
301:(died 675)
277:3 July 710
174:'s shadow)
76:newspapers
3699:Wu Zetian
3461:Zhongzong
3456:Wu Zetian
3446:Zhongzong
2562:(624–705)
2536:Lady Zhao
2507:(577–635)
2505:Wu Shiyue
2394:(601–636)
2335:(628–683)
2309:(569–613)
2277:(598–649)
2251:(566–635)
2025:安樂公主／安乐公主
1969:永壽公主／永寿公主
1940:長寧公主／长宁公主
1886:Zheng Yin
1882:(709–710)
1876:(709–710)
1864:(709–710)
1858:(708–710)
1852:(707–710)
1846:(707–710)
1840:(707–710)
1828:(706–707)
1822:(706–710)
1810:(705–709)
1798:(705–707)
1792:(705–706)
1748:Fang Rong
1732:(705–709)
1712:Wei Anshi
1695:(683–684)
1689:(683–684)
1683:(683–684)
1677:(683–684)
1671:(683–684)
1669:Guo Daiju
1665:(683–684)
1659:(683–684)
1609:Era names
1584:Li Longji
1541:Me Agtsom
1537:Li Shouli
1357:concubine
1319:Li Duozuo
1245:Di Renjie
1196:Li Jingye
1164:Li Guo'er
1130:wet nurse
1042:Guanzhong
876:concubine
832:Wu Zetian
817:Wu Zetian
306:(m. –710)
230:Successor
219:Wu Zetian
179:Successor
3543:Zhaozong
3528:Xuānzong
3513:Jingzong
3503:Xianzong
3498:Shunzong
3478:Xuanzong
3230:, vols.
3072:vol. 207
3060:and the
2970:vol. 203
2927:vol. 180
2909:and the
2901:vol. 203
2863:, vol.7.
2791:, vol.7.
2705:Hong'dao
2664:See also
2226:Ancestry
2197:) in 710
2121:Unknown
2076:惠文昭容 上官氏
2045:Wu Sansi
2014:, in 700
1961:) in 728
1862:Wei Sili
1844:Ji Chuna
1784:Wu Sansi
1772:Jing Hui
1639:Jinglong
1633:Shenlong
1460:Ji Chuna
1382:Qianling
1361:Wu Sansi
1307:Jing Hui
1274:Wu Youji
1145:In exile
1135:Shizhong
1118:Shizhong
1046:Chang'an
954:Zhejiang
852:Wu Sansi
776:Móuh Hín
700:Léih Jit
624:Léih Hín
296:Consorts
269:Chang'an
247:De facto
3518:Wenzong
3488:Daizong
3472:Ruizong
3451:Ruizong
3441:Gaozong
3436:Taizong
3368:705–710
3130:of the
3128:Edition
3126:Bo Yang
3088:vol. 81
3080:vol. 86
3074:, with
3010:renshen
2929:. The
2919:vol. 84
2874:Li Xián
2730:on the
2136:武延暉／武延晖
2040:武崇訓／武崇训
1958:蘇彥伯／苏彦伯
1911:Empress
1880:Wei Wen
1868:Cui Shi
1820:Li Jiao
1663:Pei Yan
1620:Sisheng
1604:(2009).
1508:Wuzhile
1266:Göktürk
1219:Huangsi
1176:Luoyang
1172:Li Hong
1122:Chinese
1086:Pei Yan
1054:Pei Yan
1050:Luoyang
988:Shaanxi
916:Wang Bo
912:Li Xián
904:Luoyang
811:of the
809:emperor
805:Wu Xian
797:Li Xian
755:Wǔ Xiǎn
717:Chinese
711:Wu Xian
641:Chinese
603:Lǐ Xiǎn
565:Chinese
559:Li Xian
481:Chinese
434:Dynasty
236:(under
185:(under
170:(under
90:scholar
3626:W. Xia
3538:Xizong
3533:Yizong
3523:Wuzong
3508:Muzong
3493:Dezong
3483:Suzong
3290:
3221:vol. 4
3209:vol. 7
3165:guimao
3112:vol. 4
3100:vol. 6
3090:. The
2939:vol. 5
2921:, and
2857:yichou
2759:bingwu
2701:jia'zi
2481:Wu Hua
2176:瑯琊 王同皎
1893:Family
1832:Su Gui
1766:Li Dan
1430:eunuch
1313:, and
1237:Khitan
1159:Li Tai
1151:Shiyan
1124::
1096:, and
1070:regent
1056:, and
965:Li Lun
950:Lishui
801:Li Zhe
679:Lǐ Zhé
635:Li Zhe
455:Mother
445:Father
391:Short:
365:later
361:Li (李)
286:Burial
250:regent
194:Regent
92:
85:
78:
71:
63:
3570:Shang
3467:Shang
3431:Gaozu
3371:with
3322:with
3292:Died:
3285:Born:
3033:jiaxu
2987:jiwei
2829:vol 7
2811:taboo
2785:renwu
2732:wu'wu
2082:婉兒／婉儿
2031:裹兒／裹儿
1888:(709)
1870:(709)
1786:(705)
1780:(705)
1774:(705)
1768:(705)
1762:(705)
1756:(705)
1750:(705)
1744:(705)
1726:(705)
1720:(705)
1701:(684)
1547:Death
1519:阿史那忠節
1498:Suoge
1257:Ji Xu
1155:Hubei
984:Xi'an
929:檄周王雞文
908:Henan
422:House
396:Full:
351:Names
312:Issue
204:Reign
156:Reign
97:JSTOR
83:books
3642:Qing
3638:Ming
3634:Yuan
3622:Song
3618:Liao
3610:Tang
3574:Zhou
3351:684
3347:Tang
3176:The
3082:and
3048:The
2885:The
2205:成安公主
2167:定安公主
2147:宜城公主
2127:新都公主
1992:永泰公主
1476:第五英兒
1458:and
1413:沙吒忠義
1407:獨孤禕之
1301:and
1251:and
1068:and
976:契苾何力
439:Tang
274:Died
264:Born
69:news
3650:PRC
3646:ROC
3630:Jīn
3606:Sui
3590:Jìn
3582:Han
3578:Qin
3566:Xia
3319:684
3264:210
3260:209
3256:208
3252:207
3248:206
3244:204
3240:203
3236:202
3232:200
2053:武延秀
2007:武延基
1600:in
1566:馬秦客
1560:燕欽融
1529:馮嘉賓
1513:烏質勒
1493:突騎施
1441:野呼利
1435:楊思勗
1419:李千里
1401:李承況
1395:李思沖
1335:上陽宮
1290:武延基
1201:楊初成
1113:韋玄貞
1010:田遊巖
1000:明崇儼
990:).
970:劉審禮
803:or
488:唐中宗
134:唐中宗
52:by
3665::
3648:/
3644:→
3640:→
3636:→
3632:→
3628:/
3624:/
3620:/
3616:→
3612:→
3608:→
3604:→
3600:/
3596:→
3592:/
3588:→
3584:→
3580:→
3576:→
3572:→
3568:→
3548:Ai
3262:,
3258:,
3254:,
3250:,
3246:,
3242:,
3238:,
3234:,
3219:,
3207:,
3110:,
3098:,
3086:,
3078:,
3070:,
2937:,
2925:,
2917:,
2899:,
2827:,
2770:^
1998:仙蕙
1572:楊均
1554:郎岌
1503:娑葛
1451:魏升
1425:李禧
1309:,
1224:皇嗣
1207:李諲
1153:,
1137:?
1126:侍中
1116:)
1092:,
1088:,
1072:.
986:,
952:,
945:趙瓌
906:,
823:.
724:武顯
648:李哲
572:李顯
427:Li
367:Wu
359::
3557:唐
3412:e
3405:t
3398:v
3266:.
3211:.
2876:.
2831:.
2085:)
2022:(
1989:(
1981:)
1937:(
1510:(
1500:(
1392:(
1332:(
1221:(
1120:(
926:(
363:,
225:)
217:(
119:)
113:(
108:)
104:(
94:·
87:·
80:·
73:·
46:.
23:.
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