585:), Cui's true intention in writing those remarks was to mock Yang Xun's critics for being too eager to disparage Yang without making any careful consideration. However, Cui Yan was accused of displaying arrogance and defaming Cao Cao in his letter. Cao Cao angrily said, "There is a saying, 'I gave birth to a daughter, that is all.' 'That is all' is not a complimentary phrase. He meant disrespect when he wrote, 'There will be changes as time passes.'" Cao Cao then had Cui Yan stripped off his post, thrown into prison, and ordered to perform hard labour. Later, he sent agents to observe Cui Yan in prison and they reported that Cui continued to remain defiant. Cao Cao issued an official statement, "Even though Cui Yan is serving a sentence, he still receives high numbers of visitors in prison. He glares at them straight in the eye as if he has grievances." He then forced Cui Yan to commit suicide.
595:
to perform hard labour. Later, Cui Yan's enemies told Cao Cao, "When Cui Yan serves his sentence, he glares at people straight in the eye as if he is filled with resentment." Cao Cao believed them and wanted Cui Yan to die so he sent an official to inform Cui, "You've three days to live." Cui Yan did not understand what the official meant and he continued to live on for several days. When the official reported to Cao Cao that Cui Yan was alive and well, Cao furiously said, "Cui Yan is forcing me to use the sword on him!" The official went to see Cui Yan again and explained to the latter that Cao Cao actually wanted him to kill himself within three days. Cui Yan said, "How silly of me. I didn't know that he actually wanted me to do this." He committed suicide after that.
637:, he felt that he looked ugly and might not be able to command respect so he ordered Cui Yan to impersonate him while he carried a sword and stood beside Cui, pretending to be a bodyguard. After the meeting, Cao Cao sent someone to ask the Xiongnu emissary, "What are your thoughts about the King of Wei?" The Xiongnu emissary replied, "The King looks handsome and extraordinary. However, the man who was carrying a sword and standing beside him is a real hero." Cao Cao had the emissary killed when he heard that.
475:, the capital of Ji Province, and instructed Cui Yan to mentor Cao Pi. Once, when Cao Pi went on a hunting excursion to enjoy himself, Cui Yan wrote a long letter to him, haranguing the former on overly indulging in personal pleasures and neglecting his duties. Cao Pi later sent a reply, stating that he had destroyed his hunting equipment and thanking Cui Yan for his lecture.
1045:(太祖征并州，留琰傅文帝於鄴。世子仍出田獵，變易服乘，志在驅逐。琰書諫曰：「蓋聞盤于游田，書之所戒，魯隱觀魚，春秋譏之，此周、孔之格言，二經之明義。殷鑒夏后，詩稱不遠，子卯不樂，禮以為忌，此又近者之得失，不可不深察也。袁族富彊，公子寬放，盤游滋侈，義聲不聞，哲人君子，俄有色斯之志，熊羆壯士，墯於吞噬之用，固所以擁徒百萬，跨有河朔，無所容足也。今邦國殄瘁，惠康未洽，士女企踵，所思者德。况公親御戎馬，上下勞慘，世子宜遵大路，慎以行正，思經國之高略，內鑒近戒，外揚遠節，深惟儲副，以身為寶。而猥襲虞旅之賤服，忽馳騖而陵險，志雉兎之小娛，忘社稷之為重，斯誠有識所以惻心也。唯世子燔翳捐褶，以塞衆望，不令老臣獲罪於天。」世子報曰：「昨奉嘉命，惠示雅數，欲使燔翳捐褶，翳已壞矣，褶亦去焉。後有此比，蒙復誨諸。」)
775:. Cui Lin felt that Cui Yan was the most outstanding among all of them, but Chen Qun disagreed, saying that "intelligence alone is insufficient for a person to survive". Cui Lin replied, "We only get to see a real man by sheer coincidence. People like you only consider obtaining fame and fortune the best achievements in life."
315:) to evade chaos. Despite so, the rebellion had resulted in food shortages, so Zheng Xuan had no choice but to send his students away. After leaving Mount Buqi, Cui Yan could not return to Qinghe Commandery because rebel forces and bandits were rampant in the region and the roads leading west were blocked. He wandered around
603:
included the loyalty and commitment for the existing Han dynasty, not for Cao Cao's rise to power. Cao Cao also disliked the contemporary clans of "intelligentsia nobility" (士族) whom he had to politically cooperate with but could never completely relied on. Cui Yan unfortunately belonged to both categories.
609:
Cao Cao was actually displeased of how Cui Yan openly expressed his opinion in the choice of heir apparent despite Cao Cao's aim to sought the opinion only in secret. In contemporary politics when hidden moves were common, the public statements were occasionally believed as only "half-truth", and Cui
594:
recorded more details of the events leading to Cui Yan's death. It mentioned that Cui Yan's letter to Yang Xun fell into the hands of Cui Yan's enemies, who accused him of defaming Cao Cao. Cao Cao felt that Cui Yan was discrediting him so he had the latter arrested, imprisoned, head shaved, and sent
602:
Cao Cao's infamous skepticism got the better out of him in this case. Cao had long been suspicious of his own subordinates since many of them actually disagreed of Cao's moves to take the supreme power. Cao Cao especially distrusted the "morally perfect" people since their contemporary "moral codes"
943:
In traditional
Chinese culture, sons are regarded more highly than daughters, so the birth of a girl was sometimes seen as something unimportant and not worthy of celebration or even mention. As such, the "that is all" remark was made in a dismissive or patronising tone similar to the use of words
455:
are divided, while the Yuan brothers fight among themselves and the bodies of the dead are scattered throughout the wilderness. The people have yet to see how your forces will bring benevolent rule and relief aid to them and liberate them from war and disaster, but now the first thing you do is to
414:
formed their own military forces and started fighting for control over their father's territories in northern China. Both Yuan Tan and Yuan Shang wanted Cui Yan on their side, but Cui refused to help either of them and claimed that he was ill. As a consequence, he was imprisoned by Yuan Shang, but
355:
heard of Cui Yan and recruited the latter to serve under him. At the time, due to widespread chaos and famine, many soldiers had resorted to crime as a means of survival and some started robbing and plundering tombs. Cui Yan urged Yuan Shao to maintain good discipline among his troops, saying, "In
368:.' As of now, the roads are covered with the remains of the dead and the people have yet to see your virtuous deeds. You should order all commandery and county officials to ensure that the dead are properly buried, so as to showcase your sympathy and compassion by following the benevolent acts of
668:
first came to serve under Cao Cao, Cui Yan said, "Sun Li is energetic, strong and decisive, while Lu Yu is alert, sensible and resilient. Both of them are capable of shouldering great responsibilities in the future." As Cui Yan foresaw, Cui Lin, Sun Li and Lu Yu rose to prominence later and they
273:
dynasties later. In his youth, he was known to be plain, dull and lacking in communication skills, but he was very interested in swordsmanship and military arts. When he was 22 years old, he was nominated by the local district office to be a judicial officer, for which he was so grateful that he
234:
head of the Han central government. Throughout his years of service under Cao Cao, Cui Yan performed his duties faithfully and diligently, maintaining law and order within his bureau and recommending talents to join the civil service. In 216, in an incident widely regarded as a case of grievous
562:
king, Yang Xun wrote a memorial to the imperial court, glorifying Cao's achievements in his military campaigns and showering Cao with words of praise. Yang Xun was ridiculed by many people for his flattering behaviour; Cui Yan was also cast in a negative light because he was deemed as having
401:
is in Xu and the people's hopes are with him. Why don't you faithfully perform your duties by defending the border and maintaining peace within your jurisdiction?" Yuan Shao refused to listen to Cui Yan and insisted on attacking Cao Cao, but ended up being defeated by Cao at the decisive
456:
check the records for the numbers of troops and military equipment you've obtained. Is this what the people in this province expect of you?" Those present at the scene were all startled by Cui Yan's response. Cao Cao's facial expression changed and he thanked Cui Yan for his advice.
492:
and the integrity of Shi Yu (史魚). Corrupt officials will mend their ways out of admiration for you while men of valour will strive harder after being inspired by you. You will be serving as a role model in these times, therefore you are hereby appointed to the East Bureau."
610:
Yan's honesty, although genuine, under the distrustful eyes of Cao Cao were interpreted as having hidden agenda. Moreover, Cui Yan's openness could be seen as a moral blow to Cao Cao's secret way of surveying, which strongly upset Cao Cao.
926:'s wife was the daughter of Cui Yan's elder brother. Once, she wore embroidered clothes to a ceremony and was seen by Cao Cao. Cao Cao later forced her to commit suicide because she violated a rule with her dress code. Quote from the
554:, to serve in the government. Although Yang Xun's abilities were not up to expectations, Cui Yan still nominated him on the grounds of excellent moral conduct. Cao Cao heeded Cui Yan's suggestion and employed Yang Xun. After
451:) under him. He told the latter, "According to official records, there are 300,000 troops under my command now. (Ji Province) is indeed a large province." Cui Yan replied, "The Empire is in a state of chaos and the
722:, his bureau was orderly and free of corruption throughout the ten years or so when he held office. He was well versed in literary and military arts, and had recommended many talents to serve in the government. "
1140:
Yi
Zhongtian. Analysis of the Three Kingdoms. Vol. 2. (Vietnamese translation). Publisher of People's Public Security, 2010. Chapter 29: Truth of the notorious cases and Chapter 48: The convergence of separated
648:
was still young, Cui Yan once told Sima Lang, "Your younger brother is intelligent, perceptive and strong. He'll surpass you in the future." Sima Lang disagreed with Cui Yan and they often debated about this.
530:, was Cao Zhi's wife, so Cao Cao expected Cui Yan to support Cao Zhi, but Cui Yan followed the rules and endorsed Cao Pi (the eldest son) instead.) He promoted Cui Yan to Commandant of the Capital (
222:
but did not make any significant achievements under the latter, who ignored his suggestions. Following Yuan Shao's death in 202, Cui Yan was imprisoned when he refused to help either of Yuan's sons—
1123:(魏略曰：人得琰書，以裹幘籠，行都道中。時有與琰宿不平者，遙見琰名著幘籠，從而視之，遂白之。太祖以為琰腹誹心謗，乃收付獄，髠刑輸徒。前所白琰者又復白之云：「琰為徒，虬鬚直視，心似不平。」時太祖亦以為然，遂欲殺之。乃使清公大吏往經營琰，勑吏曰：「三日期消息。」琰不悟，後數日，吏故白琰平安。公忿然曰：「崔琰必欲使孤行刀鋸乎！」吏以是教告琰，琰謝吏曰：「我殊不宜，不知公意至此也！」遂自殺。)
967:(獻帝建安二十一年（丙申、二一六年） ... 初，中尉崔琰薦鉅鹿楊訓於操，操禮辟之。及操進爵，訓發表稱頌功德。或笑訓希世浮偽，謂琰為失所舉。琰從訓取表草視之，與訓書曰：「省表，事佳耳。時乎，時乎！會當有變時。」琰本意，譏論者好譴呵而不尋情理也。時有與琰宿不平者，白琰「傲世怨謗，意旨不遜」，操怒，收琰付獄，髡為徒隸。前白琰者復白之云：「琰為徒，對賓客虬須直視，若有所瞋。」遂賜琰死。)
732:, commented on Cui as follows, "Cui Yan's moral character was the most sound, yet they were unable to avoid being killed. What a pity!" After writing about Cui Yan's death, Chen added: "
518:, so he secretly sought the opinions of his subjects, including Cui Yan. Cui Yan openly replied, "According to Confucian ethics, a man's heir apparent should be his eldest son. Besides,
855:
mentioned that Cao was initially appointed
General-in-Chief by the Han imperial court in 196 but he later declined the post and offered it to Yuan Shao instead. (See
235:
injustice, Cui Yan was accused of defaming Cao Cao in a letter and ended up being stripped of his post, thrown into prison and subsequently forced to commit suicide.
625:
long. He commanded much respect from his colleagues in the Han imperial court with his august appearance and demeanour, and even Cao Cao admired and feared him.
1376:
736:
was a suspicious person. He killed those whom he could not tolerate or bore grudges against because they had shown disrespect towards him. Among his victims –
718:) mentioned, "Cui Yan was noble and virtuous, possessed foresight, promoted ethics, and stood dignified in the imperial court. According to early records from
1308:
522:
is kind, filial and intelligent, so he is a suitable successor. I fully support him until my death." Cao Cao was very impressed with Cui Yan for adhering to
1381:
1371:
1366:
504:
and was allowed to set up an autonomous vassal kingdom, which was nominally still under the Han dynasty. Cui Yan was appointed as a Master of
Writing (
360:
once said: 'If the soldiers in an army are ill disciplined, the army's prowess will be weak. It will not achieve victory even if it was led by either
1292:
598:
Cui Yan's execution was widely considered as unfair. In his work, Yi
Zhongtian proposed three reasons why Cao Cao wanted to have Cui Yan killed:
784:
1032:(太祖破袁氏，領兾州牧，辟琰為別駕從事，謂琰曰：「昨案戶籍，可得三十萬衆，故為大州也。」琰對曰：「今天下分崩，九州幅裂，二袁兄弟親尋干戈，兾方蒸庶暴骨原野。未聞王師仁聲先路，存問風俗，救其塗炭，而校計甲兵，唯此為先，斯豈鄙州士女所望於明公哉！」太祖改容謝之。于時賔客皆伏失色。)
1391:
1356:
311:
attacked Beihai
Commandery, where Zheng Xuan conducted his classes, so Zheng and his students fled east to Mount Buqi (不其山; northwest of
1361:
1386:
210:
of China. In his early life, he served briefly in the local district office before leaving home to study under the tutelage of the
1110:(琰本意譏論者好譴呵而不尋情理也。有白琰此書傲世怨謗者，太祖怒曰：「諺言『生女耳』，『耳』非佳語。『會當有變時』，意指不遜。」於是罰琰為徒隷，使人視之，辭色不撓。太祖令曰：「琰雖見刑，而通賔客，門若市人，對賔客虬鬚直視，若有所瞋。」遂賜琰死。)
944:
along the lines of "merely", "simply", "no more than", "only so", etc. It was therefore not seen as a complimentary phrase.
1279:
577:
563:
recommended a sycophant to join the civil service. After the incident, Cui Yan read Yang Xun's memorial and wrote to him,
1351:
748:
and others – Cui Yan is the most lamented. Until today, Cui Yan's case is still regarded as one of grave injustice."
993:(至年二十九，乃結公孫方等就鄭玄受學。學未朞，徐州黃巾賊攻破北海，玄與門人到不其山避難。時穀糴縣乏，玄罷謝諸生。琰旣受遣，而寇盜充斥，西道不通。於是周旋青、徐、兖、豫之郊，東下壽春，南望江、湖。自去家四年乃歸，以琴書自娛。)
230:—in their struggle over their father's territories. After he was freed, Cui Yan came to serve under Cao Cao, the
606:
Cao Cao had been upset about being publicly reprimanded by Cui Yan after the victories in Ji
Province years ago.
890:
619:
Cui Yan was described as having a lofty and dignified bearing, a clear voice, sparkling eyes, and a beard four
488:). The order from the Han imperial court conferring the appointment on Cui Yan read, "You possess the style of
307:. However, in 194, before Cui Yan could even complete his first year of studies, the Yellow Turban rebels from
665:
1071:(魏國初建，拜尚書。時未立太子，臨菑侯植有才而愛。太祖狐疑，以函令密訪於外。唯琰露板荅曰：「蓋聞春秋之義，立子以長，加五官將仁孝聦明，宜承正統。琰以死守之。」植，琰之兄女壻也。太祖貴其公亮，喟然歎息，遷中尉。)
452:
438:
422:
324:
258:
124:
567:"I have read your memorial. It is good. That is all. Time, time. There will be changes as time passes."
1189:(琰從弟林，少無名望，雖姻族猶多輕之，而琰常曰：「此所謂大器晚成者也，終必遠至。」涿郡孫禮、盧毓始入軍府，琰又名之曰：「孫疏亮亢烈，剛簡能斷，盧清警明理，百鍊不消，皆公才也。」後林、禮、毓咸至鼎輔。)
903:
741:
262:
144:
1346:
1341:
821:
555:
501:
398:
207:
93:
57:
527:
479:
472:
1006:(大將軍袁紹聞而辟之。時士卒橫暴，掘發丘壠，琰諫曰：「昔孫卿有言：『士不素教，甲兵不利，雖湯武不能以戰勝。』今道路暴骨，民未見德，宜勑郡縣掩骼埋胔，示憯怛之愛，追文王之仁。」紹以為騎都尉。)
700:, died early. Cui Yan adopted their children and treated them as if they were his own children.
510:) in Cao Cao's vassal kingdom. At the time, Cao Cao had yet to designate one of his sons as his
1019:(後紹治兵黎陽，次于延津，琰復諫曰：「天子在許，民望助順，不如守境述職，以寧區宇。」紹不聽，遂敗于官渡。及紹卒，二子交爭，爭欲得琰。琰稱疾固辭，由是獲罪，幽於囹圄，賴陰夔、陳琳營救得免。)
343:. After four years, he returned home and spent his time playing music and writing calligraphy.
826:
523:
250:
661:
403:
369:
1163:(魏武將見匈奴使，自以形陋，不足雄遠國，使崔季珪代，帝自捉刀立牀頭。既畢，令間諜問曰：「魏王何如？」匈奴使答曰：「魏王雅望非常，然牀頭捉刀人，此乃英雄也。」魏武聞之，追殺此使。)
843:
mentioned that Yuan Shao held the nominal appointment of
General-in-Chief (大將軍) under the
656:, was not highly regarded when he was young. However, Cui Yan said, "He's what we call a '
551:
365:
180:
1324:
760:
678:
489:
1335:
1084:(琰甞薦鉅鹿楊訓，雖才好不足，而清貞守道，太祖即禮辟之。後太祖為魏王，訓發表稱贊功伐，襃述盛德。時人或笑訓希世浮偽，謂琰為失所舉。琰從訓取表草視之，與訓書曰： ...)
511:
464:
361:
340:
316:
196:
185:
160:
893:. He was known for being very frank and candid in giving advice to the Duke of Wey.
657:
442:
320:
300:
270:
211:
176:
459:
In the following year, when Cao Cao left Ji
Province to attack Yuan Shao's nephew
1303:
886:
844:
772:
328:
308:
266:
254:
381:
In 200 CE, when Yuan Shao was preparing for a campaign against a rival warlord
1319:
697:
621:
411:
304:
223:
215:
1274:
737:
725:
641:
572:
357:
352:
312:
219:
1058:(太祖為丞相，琰復為東西曹掾屬徵事。初授東曹時，教曰：「君有伯夷之風，史魚之直，貪夫慕名而清，壯士尚稱而厲，斯可以率時者已。故授東曹，往踐厥職。」)
590:
803:
Cui Yan's appointment was a
Director (正) under a Minister of Justice (廷尉).
327:
provinces and visited several places, including Shouchun (壽春; present-day
768:
407:
336:
276:
227:
218:. In the late 190s, Cui Yan became a subordinate of the northern warlord
482:, Cui Yan was appointed as a Senior Clerk in the East and West Bureaus (
923:
911:
869:
856:
848:
764:
756:
752:
745:
733:
719:
670:
653:
645:
634:
515:
460:
434:
382:
203:
103:
67:
1215:(先賢行狀曰：琰清忠高亮，雅識經遠，推方直道，正色於朝。魏氏初載，委授銓衡，總齊清議，十有餘年。文武羣才，多所明拔。朝廷歸高，天下稱平。)
820:) was written by Han Ying (韓嬰), an academician who lived in the early
907:
674:
559:
519:
497:
468:
293:
Six years later, at the age of 28, Cui Yan befriended Gongsun Fang (
1258:(魏略曰：明帝時，崔林甞與司空陳羣共論兾州人士，稱琰為首。羣以「智不存身」貶之。林曰：「大丈夫為有邂逅耳，即如卿諸人，良足貴乎！」)
397:). Cui Yan attempted to dissuade him from going to war by saying, "
873:
332:
299:) and others and they studied together under the tutelage of the
1176:(始琰與司馬朗善，晉宣王方壯，琰謂朗曰：「子之弟，聦哲明允，剛斷英跱，殆非子之所及也。」朗以為不然，而琰每秉此論。)
633:
Once, when Cao Cao was about to meet an emissary from the
265:, a political family which rose to prominence during the
372:." Yuan Shao appointed Cui Yan as a Cavalry Commandant (
406:
later that year. After Yuan Shao died in 202, his sons
876:), the Han capital, which was under Cao Cao's control.
202:, was a Chinese politician serving under the warlord
1232:(初，太祖性忌，有所不堪者，魯國孔融、南陽許攸、婁圭，皆以恃舊不虔見誅。而琰最為世所痛惜，至今冤之。)
847:imperial court when he recruited Cui to serve him.
159:
151:
138:
130:
118:
113:
99:
89:
73:
63:
53:
37:
21:
980:(崔琰字季珪，清河東武城人也。少樸訥，好擊劒，尚武事。年二十三，鄉移為正，始感激，讀論語、韓詩。)
963:
961:
565:
684:Two of Cui Yan's ex-classmates, Gongsun Fang (
441:, he wanted to recruit Cui Yan to serve as an
437:had defeated the Yuan brothers and taken over
713:
691:
685:
545:
531:
524:Confucian rules of propriety (and succession)
505:
483:
446:
416:
392:
386:
373:
294:
285:
244:
8:
1309:Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms
16:Official serving warlord Cao Cao (165 - 216)
669:became important officials in the state of
496:In 216, Cao Cao was granted the title of a
351:Around the late 190s, the northern warlord
385:, he set up military garrisons at Liyang (
18:
1293:A New Account of the Tales of the World
957:
796:
771:had a discussion on famous people from
728:, who wrote Cui Yan's biography in the
696:), who studied together with him under
575:, who wrote Cui Yan's biography in the
1202:(及琰友人公孫方、宋階早卒，琰撫其遺孤，恩若己子。其鑒識篤義，類皆如此。)
1150:(琰聲姿高暢，眉目疏朗，鬚長四尺，甚有威重，朝士瞻望，而太祖亦敬憚焉。)
934:vol. 12: (世語曰：植妻衣繡，太祖登臺見之，以違制命，還家賜死。)
785:Lists of people of the Three Kingdoms
660:'. He'll go far in the future." When
243:Cui Yan was from Dongwucheng County (
7:
1377:Government officials under Yuan Shao
478:In 208, when Cao Cao became the Han
885:Shi Yu (史魚) was an official of the
644:. When Sima Lang's younger brother
544:Cui Yan once recommended Yang Xun (
1382:People executed by the Han dynasty
1372:Government officials under Cao Cao
274:started reading books such as the
14:
1367:Forced suicides of Chinese people
868:Referring to Xu (許; present-day
263:Cui family of Qinghe Commandery
857:Cao Cao#Receiving Emperor Xian
686:
640:Cui Yan was a close friend of
546:
484:
447:
295:
286:
257:, which is around present-day
245:
38:Commandant of the Capital (中尉)
1:
1280:Records of the Three Kingdoms
578:Records of the Three Kingdoms
339:and the northern bank of the
415:was later saved by Yin Kui (
1392:Suicides in the Han dynasty
1357:Executed Han dynasty people
1290:Liu, Yiqing (5th century).
1245:(崔琰高格最優，鮑勛秉正無虧，而皆不免其身，惜哉！)
1097:(... 「省表，事佳耳！時乎時乎，會當有變時。」)
902:Cao Cao's official spouse,
839:Cui Yan's biography in the
571:According to the historian
1408:
1362:Executed people from Hebei
652:Cui Yan's younger cousin,
174:
1387:Politicians from Hengshui
714:
692:
532:
506:
417:
393:
387:
374:
169:
109:
78:
42:
33:
28:
891:Spring and Autumn period
824:, as an addendum to the
751:During the reign of the
767:(Cui Yan's cousin) and
558:enfeoffed Cao Cao as a
514:and he was considering
347:Service under Yuan Shao
906:, bore him four sons.
569:
500:king, King of Wei, by
74:Master of Writing (尚書)
910:was the eldest while
429:Service under Cao Cao
261:. He was born in the
259:Gucheng County, Hebei
125:Gucheng County, Hebei
851:'s biography in the
526:. (Cui Yan's niece,
145:Cui family of Qinghe
1217:Xianxian Xingzhuang
822:Western Han dynasty
710:Xianxian Xingzhuang
615:Physical appearance
502:Emperor Xian of Han
208:Eastern Han dynasty
94:Emperor Xian of Han
58:Emperor Xian of Han
1352:Cui clan of Qinghe
467:, he left his son
827:Classic of Poetry
251:Qinghe Commandery
173:
172:
1399:
1267:
1256:
1250:
1243:
1237:
1230:
1224:
1213:
1207:
1200:
1194:
1187:
1181:
1174:
1168:
1161:
1155:
1148:
1142:
1138:
1132:
1121:
1115:
1108:
1102:
1095:
1089:
1082:
1076:
1069:
1063:
1056:
1050:
1043:
1037:
1030:
1024:
1017:
1011:
1004:
998:
991:
985:
978:
972:
965:
945:
941:
935:
921:
915:
900:
894:
883:
877:
866:
860:
837:
831:
810:
804:
801:
717:
716:
695:
694:
690:) and Song Jie (
689:
688:
673:(established by
550:), who was from
549:
548:
535:
534:
509:
508:
487:
486:
450:
449:
420:
419:
404:Battle of Guandu
396:
395:
391:) and Yan Ford (
390:
389:
377:
376:
370:King Wen of Zhou
298:
297:
289:
288:
248:
247:
206:during the late
114:Personal details
83:
47:
19:
1407:
1406:
1402:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1397:
1396:
1332:
1331:
1306:(5th century).
1277:(3rd century).
1271:
1270:
1257:
1253:
1244:
1240:
1231:
1227:
1214:
1210:
1201:
1197:
1188:
1184:
1175:
1171:
1162:
1158:
1149:
1145:
1139:
1135:
1122:
1118:
1109:
1105:
1096:
1092:
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1079:
1070:
1066:
1057:
1053:
1044:
1040:
1031:
1027:
1018:
1014:
1005:
1001:
992:
988:
979:
975:
966:
959:
954:
949:
948:
942:
938:
922:
918:
901:
897:
884:
880:
867:
863:
838:
834:
816:(韓詩; literally
811:
807:
802:
798:
793:
781:
706:
631:
617:
552:Julu Commandery
542:
431:
366:King Wu of Zhou
349:
241:
190:
123:
84:
79:
48:
43:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1405:
1403:
1395:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1334:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1325:Zizhi Tongjian
1317:
1301:
1288:
1269:
1268:
1262:annotation in
1251:
1238:
1225:
1219:annotation in
1208:
1195:
1182:
1169:
1156:
1143:
1133:
1127:annotation in
1116:
1103:
1090:
1077:
1064:
1051:
1038:
1025:
1012:
999:
986:
973:
969:Zizhi Tongjian
956:
955:
953:
950:
947:
946:
936:
930:annotation in
916:
914:was the third.
895:
878:
861:
832:
805:
795:
794:
792:
789:
788:
787:
780:
777:
761:Three Kingdoms
705:
702:
679:Three Kingdoms
630:
627:
616:
613:
612:
611:
607:
604:
541:
538:
453:Nine Provinces
433:In 205, after
430:
427:
348:
345:
240:
237:
171:
170:
167:
166:
163:
157:
156:
153:
149:
148:
140:
136:
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128:
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116:
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111:
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107:
106:
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97:
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86:
76:
75:
71:
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65:
61:
60:
55:
51:
50:
40:
39:
35:
34:
31:
30:
26:
25:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1404:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
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1378:
1375:
1373:
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1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1337:
1327:
1326:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1314:Sanguozhi zhu
1311:
1310:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1298:Shishuo Xinyu
1295:
1294:
1289:
1286:
1282:
1281:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1265:
1261:
1255:
1252:
1248:
1242:
1239:
1235:
1229:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1212:
1209:
1205:
1199:
1196:
1192:
1186:
1183:
1179:
1173:
1170:
1166:
1165:Shishuo Xinyu
1160:
1157:
1153:
1147:
1144:
1137:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1120:
1117:
1113:
1107:
1104:
1100:
1094:
1091:
1087:
1081:
1078:
1074:
1068:
1065:
1061:
1055:
1052:
1048:
1042:
1039:
1035:
1029:
1026:
1022:
1016:
1013:
1009:
1003:
1000:
996:
990:
987:
983:
977:
974:
970:
964:
962:
958:
951:
940:
937:
933:
929:
925:
920:
917:
913:
909:
905:
899:
896:
892:
888:
882:
879:
875:
871:
865:
862:
859:for details.)
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
836:
833:
829:
828:
823:
819:
815:
809:
806:
800:
797:
790:
786:
783:
782:
778:
776:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
749:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
721:
711:
703:
701:
699:
682:
680:
677:) during the
676:
672:
667:
663:
659:
655:
650:
647:
643:
638:
636:
628:
626:
624:
623:
614:
608:
605:
601:
600:
599:
596:
593:
592:
586:
584:
580:
579:
574:
568:
564:
561:
557:
553:
539:
537:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
512:heir apparent
503:
499:
494:
491:
481:
476:
474:
471:in charge of
470:
466:
465:Bing Province
462:
457:
454:
444:
440:
436:
428:
426:
424:
413:
409:
405:
400:
384:
379:
371:
367:
363:
362:Tang of Shang
359:
354:
346:
344:
342:
341:Yangtze River
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
291:
283:
279:
278:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
238:
236:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
198:
197:courtesy name
194:
188:
187:
182:
178:
168:
164:
162:
161:Courtesy name
158:
154:
150:
147:
146:
141:
137:
133:
129:
126:
121:
117:
112:
108:
105:
102:
98:
95:
92:
88:
82:
77:
72:
69:
66:
62:
59:
56:
52:
46:
41:
36:
32:
27:
20:
1323:
1313:
1307:
1304:Pei, Songzhi
1297:
1291:
1284:
1278:
1263:
1259:
1254:
1246:
1241:
1233:
1228:
1220:
1216:
1211:
1203:
1198:
1190:
1185:
1177:
1172:
1164:
1159:
1151:
1146:
1136:
1128:
1124:
1119:
1111:
1106:
1098:
1093:
1085:
1080:
1072:
1067:
1059:
1054:
1046:
1041:
1033:
1028:
1020:
1015:
1007:
1002:
994:
989:
981:
976:
968:
939:
931:
927:
919:
898:
881:
864:
852:
840:
835:
825:
818:poems of Han
817:
813:
808:
799:
750:
729:
724:
709:
707:
683:
658:late bloomer
651:
639:
632:
620:
618:
597:
589:
587:
582:
576:
570:
566:
556:Emperor Xian
543:
495:
477:
458:
443:aide-de-camp
432:
380:
350:
292:
281:
275:
242:
231:
199:
192:
191:
184:
177:Chinese name
142:
80:
44:
1320:Sima, Guang
773:Ji Province
439:Ji Province
399:The Emperor
329:Shou County
309:Xu Province
255:Ji Province
195:(165–216),
181:family name
1347:216 deaths
1342:163 births
1336:Categories
1275:Chen, Shou
952:References
698:Zheng Xuan
480:Chancellor
412:Yuan Shang
356:the past,
305:Zheng Xuan
239:Early life
224:Yuan Shang
216:Zheng Xuan
165:Jigui (季珪)
155:Politician
152:Occupation
100:Chancellor
64:Chancellor
1285:Sanguozhi
1264:Sanguozhi
1247:Sanguozhi
1234:Sanguozhi
1221:Sanguozhi
1204:Sanguozhi
1191:Sanguozhi
1178:Sanguozhi
1152:Sanguozhi
1129:Sanguozhi
1112:Sanguozhi
1099:Sanguozhi
1086:Sanguozhi
1073:Sanguozhi
1060:Sanguozhi
1047:Sanguozhi
1034:Sanguozhi
1021:Sanguozhi
1008:Sanguozhi
995:Sanguozhi
982:Sanguozhi
932:Sanguozhi
904:Lady Bian
887:Wey state
853:Sanguozhi
841:Sanguozhi
738:Kong Rong
730:Sanguozhi
726:Chen Shou
704:Appraisal
642:Sima Lang
629:Anecdotes
583:Sanguozhi
573:Chen Shou
536:) later.
353:Yuan Shao
313:Mount Lao
301:Confucian
220:Yuan Shao
212:Confucian
139:Relations
81:In office
45:In office
1322:(1084).
1266:vol. 12.
1249:vol. 12.
1236:vol. 12.
1223:vol. 12.
1206:vol. 12.
1193:vol. 12.
1180:vol. 12.
1154:vol. 12.
1131:vol. 12.
1114:vol. 12.
1101:vol. 12.
1088:vol. 12.
1075:vol. 12.
1062:vol. 12.
1049:vol. 12.
1036:vol. 12.
1023:vol. 12.
1010:vol. 12.
997:vol. 12.
984:vol. 12.
971:vol. 67.
779:See also
769:Chen Qun
763:period,
755:emperor
681:period.
528:Lady Cui
423:Chen Lin
408:Yuan Tan
358:Sun Qing
337:Lake Tai
303:scholar
277:Analects
232:de facto
228:Yuan Tan
214:scholar
175:In this
1167:ch. 14.
924:Cao Zhi
912:Cao Zhi
889:in the
870:Xuchang
849:Cao Cao
814:Han Shi
765:Cui Lin
759:in the
757:Cao Rui
746:Lou Gui
734:Cao Cao
671:Cao Wei
654:Cui Lin
646:Sima Yi
635:Xiongnu
516:Cao Zhi
461:Gao Gan
435:Cao Cao
383:Cao Cao
282:Han Shi
204:Cao Cao
193:Cui Yan
104:Cao Cao
90:Monarch
68:Cao Cao
54:Monarch
23:Cui Yan
1260:Weilue
1141:lines.
1125:Weilue
908:Cao Pi
742:Xu You
675:Cao Pi
662:Sun Li
591:Weilüe
560:vassal
520:Cao Pi
498:vassal
469:Cao Pi
421:) and
319:, Xu,
179:, the
928:Shiyu
874:Henan
791:Notes
666:Lu Yu
540:Death
485:東西曹掾屬
333:Anhui
200:Jigui
812:The
715:先賢行狀
708:The
664:and
588:The
490:Boyi
448:別駕從事
410:and
323:and
317:Qing
280:and
271:Tang
269:and
246:東武城縣
226:and
143:see
131:Died
119:Born
845:Han
753:Wei
720:Wei
687:公孫方
622:chi
463:in
378:).
375:騎都尉
364:or
335:),
321:Yan
296:公孫方
267:Sui
249:),
186:Cui
183:is
134:216
122:165
85:216
49:216
1338::
1316:).
1300:).
1287:).
960:^
872:,
744:,
740:,
693:宋階
547:楊訓
533:中尉
507:尚書
473:Ye
425:.
418:陰夔
394:延津
388:黎陽
331:,
325:Yu
290:)
287:韓詩
253:,
29:崔琰
1328:.
1312:(
1296:(
1283:(
830:.
712:(
581:(
445:(
284:(
189:.
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